Puerto Rico Forest Action Plan | Draft
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Conocarpus Erectus
Conocarpus erectus (Button Mangrove, Green Buttonwood) Button mangrove is a broadleaf evergreen trees which can withstand drought, salt, heat and high winds.The fruit looks like a dried raspberry or a pine cone. Its flaky brown bark is very attractive. Throughout the year, greenish-white and purple flowers are produced, but they are not noticeable. Due to the high tolerance of heat and drought it is used a lot in hot and arid climate as hedge, street tree or windbreak. Landscape Information French Name: Chêne Guadeloupe ﺩﻣﺲ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ :Arabic Name Pronounciation: kawn-oh-KAR-pus ee-RECK- tus Plant Type: Tree Origin: Florida and the West Indies Heat Zones: 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 Hardiness Zones: 10, 11, 12, 13 Uses: Screen, Hedge, Bonsai, Specimen, Container, Shade, Windbreak, Pollution Tolerant / Urban, Reclamation Size/Shape Growth Rate: Moderate Plant Image Tree Shape: Spreading, Vase Canopy Symmetry: Symmetrical Canopy Density: Medium Canopy Texture: Fine Height at Maturity: 8 to 15 m Spread at Maturity: 8 to 10 meters Conocarpus erectus (Button Mangrove, Green Buttonwood) Botanical Description Foliage Leaf Arrangement: Alternate Leaf Venation: Pinnate Leaf Persistance: Evergreen Leaf Type: Simple Leaf Blade: 5 - 10 cm Leaf Shape: Lanceolate Leaf Margins: Entire Leaf Textures: Glossy, Fine Leaf Scent: No Fragance Color(growing season): Green Color(changing season): Green Flower Image Flower Flower Showiness: False Flower Color: Green, White Seasons: Year Round Trunk Trunk Susceptibility to Breakage: Generally resists breakage Number of -
Conocarpus Erectus" Plant As Biomonitoring of Soil and Air Pollution in Ahwaz Region
Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 13 (10): 1319-1324, 2013 ISSN 1990-9233 © IDOSI Publications, 2013 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.13.10.1182 Evaluation of "Conocarpus erectus" Plant as Biomonitoring of Soil and Air Pollution in Ahwaz Region 12Ali Gholami, Amir Hossein Davami, 3Ebrahim Panahpour and 4Hossein Amini 1,3Department of Soil Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khouzestan, Iran 2Department of Environmental Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khouzestan, Iran 4Department of Soil Science, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan, Iran Abstract: Effects of soil and atmosphere pollution on some heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn and Cd) concentration in Button-tree (Conocarpus erectus) leaves were studied in the city of Ahwaz (Khouzestan, Iran). Samples were collected from four sampling sites representing area of high traffic density, area future away from traffic and Industrial area. Samples were collected in two stages (May and October) in 2011 for chemical analysis. Samples from village near the city also analyzed for comparison. Based on the results, the stages of leaf sampling did not showed any significant effect on the concentration of the measured heavy metals in leaf samples. Chemical analysis of soil samples at depth of 0-10cm showed that concentration of most of these elements was lower than the maximum recommended levels. Concentrations of measured heavy metals in washed leaves were lower than those of unwashed leaves of Conocarpus and different was significant. In spite of that, there was no significant correlation between the concentrations of heavy metals in washed leaves and soil samples. -
TAXON:Conocarpus Erectus L. SCORE:5.0 RATING:Evaluate
TAXON: Conocarpus erectus L. SCORE: 5.0 RATING: Evaluate Taxon: Conocarpus erectus L. Family: Combretaceae Common Name(s): button mangrove Synonym(s): Conocarpus acutifolius Willd. ex Schult. buttonwood Conocarpus procumbens L. Sea mulberry Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 30 Jul 2018 WRA Score: 5.0 Designation: EVALUATE Rating: Evaluate Keywords: Tropical Tree, Naturalized, Coastal, Pure Stands, Water-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 n outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 n Creation Date: 30 Jul 2018 (Conocarpus erectus L.) Page 1 of 17 TAXON: Conocarpus erectus L. -
A Caenorhabditis Elegans Model for Discovery of Novel Anti-Infectives
fmicb-07-01956 November 30, 2016 Time: 12:40 # 1 REVIEW published: 02 December 2016 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01956 Beyond Traditional Antimicrobials: A Caenorhabditis elegans Model for Discovery of Novel Anti-infectives Cin Kong†, Su-Anne Eng, Mei-Perng Lim and Sheila Nathan* School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia The spread of antibiotic resistance amongst bacterial pathogens has led to an urgent need for new antimicrobial compounds with novel modes of action that minimize the potential for drug resistance. To date, the development of new antimicrobial drugs is still lagging far behind the rising demand, partly owing to the absence of an effective screening platform. Over the last decade, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Edited by: Luis Cláudio Nascimento Da Silva, has been incorporated as a whole animal screening platform for antimicrobials. This CEUMA University, Brazil development is taking advantage of the vast knowledge on worm physiology and how it Reviewed by: interacts with bacterial and fungal pathogens. In addition to allowing for in vivo selection Osmar Nascimento Silva, of compounds with promising anti-microbial properties, the whole animal C. elegans Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Brazil screening system has also permitted the discovery of novel compounds targeting Francesco Imperi, infection processes that only manifest during the course of pathogen infection of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy host. Another advantage of using C. elegans in the search for new antimicrobials is that *Correspondence: Sheila Nathan the worm itself is a source of potential antimicrobial effectors which constitute part of its [email protected] immune defense response to thwart infections. -
Population Structure of the Lower Keys Marsh Rabbit As Determined by Mitochondrial DNA Analysis
Management and Conservation Note Population Structure of the Lower Keys Marsh Rabbit as Determined by Mitochondrial DNA Analysis AMANDA L. CROUSE, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4461, USA RODNEY L. HONEYCUTT, Natural Science Division, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA 90263-4321, USA ROBERT A. MCCLEERY,1 Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2258, USA CRAIG A. FAULHABER, Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5230, USA NEIL D. PERRY, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Cedar City, UT 84270-0606, USA ROEL R. LOPEZ, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2258, USA ABSTRACT We used nucleotide sequence data from a mitochondrial DNA fragment to characterize variation within the endangered Lower Keys marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris hefneri). We observed 5 unique mitochondrial haplotypes across different sampling sites in the Lower Florida Keys, USA. Based on the frequency of these haplotypes at different geographic locations and relationships among haplotypes, we observed 2 distinct clades or groups of sampling sites (western and eastern clades). These 2 groups showed low levels of gene flow. Regardless of their origin, marsh rabbits from the Lower Florida Keys can be separated into 2 genetically distinct management units, which should be considered prior to implementation of translocations as a means of offsetting recent population declines. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(3):362–367; 2009) DOI: 10.2193/2007-207 KEY WORDS Florida Keys, genetic, marsh rabbit, mitochondrial DNA, population structure, Sylvilagus palustris hefneri. The Lower Keys marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris hefneri)is (Forys and Humphrey 1999b). -
Plant-Insect Interactions in a Shifting Coastal Ecosystem: Avicennia Germinans and Its Associated Arthropods
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: PLANT-INSECT INTERACTIONS IN A SHIFTING COASTAL ECOSYSTEM: AVICENNIA GERMINANS AND ITS ASSOCIATED ARTHROPODS Mayda Nathan, Doctor of Philosophy, 2020 Dissertation directed by: Dr. Daniel S. Gruner, Department of Entomology The climate’s role in determining where species occur is increasingly well understood, but our ability to predict how biotic interactions both influence and respond to species’ range shifts remains poor. This is particularly important when considering climate-change-driven range shifts in habitat-forming species like mangroves, given their impact on ecosystem structure and function. In this dissertation, I consider the arthropods associated with the black mangrove, Avicennia germinans, to explore whether patterns of arthropod diversity affect the rate of a plant’s range expansion, and, in turn, how a range-expanding plant alters arthropod communities in habitats where it is invading. Among arthropods with the potential to influence plants’ range dynamics, pollinators can directly affect plant reproduction and ability to spread into new territory. Breeding system experiments reveal that A. germinans relies on pollinators for full fruit set, and surveys along the Florida coast show a substantial northward decline in the overall frequency of pollinator visits to A. germinans flowers. However, the decline in abundance of some common pollinator taxa is partly offset by an increase in the frequency of other highly effective taxa. Furthermore, range-edge A. germinans produce more flowers than southern individuals, contributing to high range-edge fecundity and enabling range expansion. As a woody plant with nectar-producing flowers, A. germinans is a novel resource for arthropods in the salt marshes where it is encroaching. -
Phylogenetic Study of African Combretaceae R. Br. Based on /.../ A
BALTIC FORESTRY PHYLOGENETIC STUDY OF AFRICAN COMBRETACEAE R. BR. BASED ON /.../ A. O. ONEFELY AND A. STANYS ARTICLES Phylogenetic Study of African Combretaceae R. Br. Based on rbcL Sequence ALFRED OSSAI ONEFELI*,1,2 AND VIDMANTAS STANYS2,3 1Department of Forest Production and Products, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Ibadan, 200284 Ibadan, Nigeria. 2Erasmus+ Scholar, Institute of Agricultural and Food Science Vytautas Magnus University, Agricultural Aca- demy, Akademija, LT-53361 Kaunas district, Lithuania. 3Department of Orchard Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Babtai, LT-54333 Kaunas district, Lithuania. *Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected] Phone number: +37062129627 Onefeli, A. O. and Stanys, A. 2019. Phylogenetic Study of African Combretaceae R. Br. Based on rbcL Se- quence. Baltic Forestry 25(2): 170177. Abstract Combretaceae R. Br. is an angiosperm family of high economic value. However, there is dearth of information on the phylogenetic relationship of the members of this family using ribulose biphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) gene. Previous studies with electrophoretic-based and morphological markers revealed that this family is phylogenetically complex. In the present study, 79 sequences of rbcL were used to study the phylogenetic relationship among the members of Combretaceae of African origin with a view to provide more information required for the utilization and management of this family. Multiple Sequence alignment was executed using the MUSCLE component of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Version X Analysis (MEGA X). Transition/Transversion ratio, Consistency index, Retention Index and Composite Index were also determined. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using Maximum parsimony (MP) and Neighbor joining methods. -
Plant Fact Sheet Black Mangrove (Avicennia Germinans)
Plant Fact Sheet salinity levels fluctuate. Pneumatophores, or breather BLACK MANGROVE roots, form a network that collects silt and debris, and controls erosion. Pneumatophores are a major adaptation Avicennia germinans (L.) L to the stresses of intertidal habitat. They allow root Plant Symbol = AVGE respiration in anaerobic, waterlogged soils. The pneumatophores are also excellent nursery areas for Contributed by: USDA NRCS Plant Materials Center, crustaceans in the marsh plant community. The height of Golden Meadow, Louisiana black mangrove in Louisiana varies from 4 to 9 feet. In Florida, individual trees can reach 60 feet, but are usually much shorter. Leaves are 1 to 5 inches long, elliptical, opposite, thick, leathery, dark green, glabrous (smooth) above, and grayish with a tight felt-like pubescence beneath. Glands on the underside secrete salt. Clusters of small sessile flowers with white petals, approximately ½ inch in diameter, are borne in the leaf axils and growing tips on the twigs. The fruit are flat, approximately 1 inch long, dark green and glabrous beneath a velvety pericarp. The bark on the black mangrove is thick, dark brown or blackish, with rough irregular flattened scales. Twigs are grayish in color and smooth, with enlargements at the joints. Black mangrove is adapted to sub-tropical and tropical Garret Thomassie, USDA NRCS coastal intertidal zones along the Gulf of Mexico. The Alternate Names spatial distribution across the intertidal zone for black Avicennia nitida mangrove, red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), and white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa) suggests differential Uses flooding tolerance among these species. Black mangrove Erosion control: Black mangrove is valuable in restoring penetrates farthest inland into brackish water and farthest brackish and salt water marshes due to its ability to filter north of the mangrove species. -
A Preliminary List of the Vascular Plants and Wildlife at the Village Of
A Floristic Evaluation of the Natural Plant Communities and Grounds Occurring at The Key West Botanical Garden, Stock Island, Monroe County, Florida Steven W. Woodmansee [email protected] January 20, 2006 Submitted by The Institute for Regional Conservation 22601 S.W. 152 Avenue, Miami, Florida 33170 George D. Gann, Executive Director Submitted to CarolAnn Sharkey Key West Botanical Garden 5210 College Road Key West, Florida 33040 and Kate Marks Heritage Preservation 1012 14th Street, NW, Suite 1200 Washington DC 20005 Introduction The Key West Botanical Garden (KWBG) is located at 5210 College Road on Stock Island, Monroe County, Florida. It is a 7.5 acre conservation area, owned by the City of Key West. The KWBG requested that The Institute for Regional Conservation (IRC) conduct a floristic evaluation of its natural areas and grounds and to provide recommendations. Study Design On August 9-10, 2005 an inventory of all vascular plants was conducted at the KWBG. All areas of the KWBG were visited, including the newly acquired property to the south. Special attention was paid toward the remnant natural habitats. A preliminary plant list was established. Plant taxonomy generally follows Wunderlin (1998) and Bailey et al. (1976). Results Five distinct habitats were recorded for the KWBG. Two of which are human altered and are artificial being classified as developed upland and modified wetland. In addition, three natural habitats are found at the KWBG. They are coastal berm (here termed buttonwood hammock), rockland hammock, and tidal swamp habitats. Developed and Modified Habitats Garden and Developed Upland Areas The developed upland portions include the maintained garden areas as well as the cleared parking areas, building edges, and paths. -
Avicennia Germinans (Acanthaceae) Gaining New Ground in Southeast Texas?
Rosen, D.J. and S. Zamirpour. 2014. Avicennia germinans (Acanthaceae) gaining ground in southeast Texas? Phytoneuron 2014-74: 1–4. Published 22 July 2014. ISSN 2153 733X AVICENNIA GERMINANS (ACANTHACEAE) GAINING NEW GROUND IN SOUTHEAST TEXAS? DAVID J. ROSEN and SIAVASH ZAMIRPOUR Lee College Department of Biology P.O. Box 818 Baytown, Texas 77522 [email protected] ABSTRACT Avicennia germinans is documented for the first time from Brazoria County in southeast Texas. It perhaps indicates an expanding range for the species in Texas. Avicennia germinans (L.) L. (black mangrove) is a tropical and subtropical maritime shrub to small tree distributed along tidal shores from Texas to Florida, Bermuda, the Bahama Islands, both coasts of Mexico and Central America, the West Indies, and the coasts of Brazil, Peru, and West Africa (Correll & Johnston 1970; Godfrey & Wooten 1981). The northern distributional limit of Avicennia germinans has been suggested to be determined by the frequency and duration of freezing temperatures (Sherrod & McMillan 1981). In the Gulf of Mexico, A. germinans sees its northernmost limit in Texas. Herbarium records occur from the South Texas coastal counties of Aransas, Calhoun, Cameron, Kleberg, Nueces, and San Patricio (Fig. 1) with well established stands at three sites (Sherrod & McMillan 1981). The species does not occur northward again until Galveston and Jefferson (the northernmost limit) counties in southeast Texas (Fig. 1). Although probably a waif in Jefferson County, as reported by Sherrod and McMillan (1981), Guo et al. (2009), and suggested by few herbarium collections, a well established population occurs in tidal marsh adjacent to "The Lagoon" on northeast Galveston Island (Rosen, personal observation). -
Impacts of a Half Century of Sealevel Rise and Development on An
Global Change Biology (2012) 18, 3536–3542, doi: 10.1111/gcb.12024 Impacts of a half century of sea-level rise and development on an endangered mammal JASON A. SCHMIDT*, ROBERT MCCLEERY† ,JENNIFERR.SEAVEY† ,SUSANE.CAMERON DEVITT† andPAIGE M. SCHMIDT‡ *Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA, †Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 314 Newins-Ziegler Hall, PO Box 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA, ‡Division of Biological Sciences, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wildlife Refuge System, Tulsa, OK 74129, USA Abstract The extraordinary growth of human populations and development in coastal areas over the last half century has eliminated and degraded coastal habitats and threatened the persistence of associated wildlife. Moreover, human-induced sea-level rise (SLR) is projected to further eliminate and alter the same coastal ecosystems, especially low-lying regions. Whereas habitat loss and wildlife population declines from development are well documented, contemporary SLR has not yet been implicated in declines of coastal faunal populations. In addition, the projection of severe synergistic impacts from the combination of development and SLR is well described, yet the scientific litera- ture offers little empirical evidence of the influence of these forces on coastal wildlife. Analysis of aerial photographs from 1959 to 2006 provided evidence of a 64% net loss of the endangered Lower Keys marsh rabbit’s (Sylvilagus palustris hefneri; LKMR) habitat, the majority due to SLR (>48%). Furthermore, there was a strong negative relation- ship between the proportion of development per island and the amount of new habitat formed. -
Mangrove Brochure
■■■■ Mangroves are a varied group of salt-tolerant Mangroves grow equally as well in fresh water, though Guide to the shrubs and trees that form one of the most face more competition in areas where salt is not a factor. productive ecosystems in Florida, as well as In Florida, mangrove swamps occur along the shores of Mangroves along many tropical coastlines worldwide. the peninsula, on the leeward side of barrier islands, and the Florida Keys. As mangroves are tropical plants, their For more information contact: The word “mangrove” is derived from the Portu- of Florida northern distribution is limited by temperature. Some of UF/IFAS Sarasota County Extension guese word for tree (mangue) and the English word the largest mangrove communities in Florida occur in the 941-861-5000 for a stand of trees (grove). There are three principal http://sarasota.extension.ufl.edu Ten Thousand Island area along the southwestern coast mangrove species in Florida—red, white and black. and the Florida Keys. The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens An associated species, buttonwood, is usually found www.selby.org growing nearby. Florida mangroves have leaves that Mangrove swamps are rich in life, providing are directly opposite one another on the stem (except food and a safe haven for coastal and marine Florida Sea Grant Marine Extension Program buttonwood, which has alternate leaves). The leaves 941-722-4524 creatures. The trees filter pollutants and play a http://manatee.ifas.ufl.edu. are always fleshy and many have glands on their leaf- major role in stabilizing shores and preventing stalks or leaf blades.