DOCSLIB.ORG

Synthesis and Applications

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Synthesis and Applications CYANOMETALLATE COORDINATION POLYMER NANOSTRUCTURES AND THIN FILMS: SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS By IAN AMMON RUMMEL A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2009 1 © 2009 Ian Ammon Rummel 2 To my wife Julia 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank my wife Julia for keeping me sane throughout gradschool, my advisor Dr. Talham, Dr. Mark Meisel, Elisabeth Knowles, all current and past members of the Talham group, Dr. Nathan Heston, Dr. John Reynolds, and UF MAIC, and my parents. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF FIGURES ..........................................................................................................8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................... 15 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND SYNTHESIS AT THE AIR/WATER INTERFACE .............................................................................. 18 Supramolecular Chemistry ...................................................................................... 18 Supramolecular Assembly with Langmuir Monolayers ........................................... 19 Use of Langmuir Monolayers as a Structure-Directing Element ............................. 22 Characterization of Langmuir Monolayers with Underlying Cyanometallate Coordination Networks ........................................................................................ 24 Brewster Angle Microscopy .............................................................................. 24 Attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy ...........................................25 Scope of the Thesis ................................................................................................ 26 2 PRIMITIVE SQUARE NETWORKS AT THE AIR-WATER INTERFACE ................ 32 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 32 Experimental ........................................................................................................... 34 Synthesis ..........................................................................................................34 Pentacyanoferrate amphiphile synthesis ................................................... 34 N-methyl-4-(didodecylamino)pyridinium iodide .......................................... 34 4-(Didodecylamino)pyridine ....................................................................... 34 Bis(tetramethylammonium)pentacyano(4-(didodecylamino)-pyridine) ferrate(III) ................................................................................................ 35 Ru(II/III)tetracarboxylate chloride ............................................................... 36 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane nickel (II) perchlorate .......................... 36 1-octadecyl-1,3,6,10,13-pentaazacyclotetradecane nickel (II) chloride ...... 37 Materials ...........................................................................................................37 Instrumentation ................................................................................................. 37 Langmuir Monolayer Preparation ..................................................................... 38 Results ....................................................................................................................39 Synthesis ..........................................................................................................39 Bis(tetramethylammonium)pentacyano(4-(didodecylamino)-pyridine) ferrate(III) ................................................................................................ 39 Ru(II/III)tetracarboxylate chloride ............................................................... 39 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane nickel (II) perchlorate .......................... 39 1-octadecyl-1,3,6,10,13-pentaazacyclotetradecane nickel (II) chloride ...... 40 5 II Macrocyclic Ni Amphiphile with K4Fe(CN)6 Subphase ...................................... 40 Surface pressure vs. mean molecular area isotherms ................................ 40 BAM ............................................................................................................... 40 ATR FT-IR ..................................................................................................... 41 XPS ................................................................................................................ 41 AFM................................................................................................................ 41 Creep observations ....................................................................................... 41 Pentacyanoferrate Amphiphile with Macrocyclic Tetraaza Ni (II) Subphase ..... 42 Surface pressure vs. mean molecular area isotherms ................................ 42 BAM ............................................................................................................... 43 XPS ................................................................................................................ 43 Pentacyanoferrate Amphiphile with Ru (II/III) Tetracarboxylate Subphase ....... 43 Surface pressure vs. mean molecular area isotherms ................................ 43 BAM ............................................................................................................... 44 ATR FT-IR ..................................................................................................... 44 XPS ................................................................................................................ 44 Discussion ................................................................................................................... 45 II Macrocyclic Ni Amphiphile with K4Fe(CN)6 Subphase ...................................... 45 Pentacyanoferrate Amphiphile with Macrocyclic Tetraaza Ni (II) Subphase ..... 46 Pentacyanoferrate Amphiphile with Ru (II/III) Tetracarboxylate Subphase ....... 47 General Discussion .............................................................................................. 47 Conclusions and Future Work .................................................................................... 49 3 CYANOMETALLATE OLIGOMERS AS BUILDING UNITS IN SUPRAMOLECULAR BUILDING BLOCKS AT THE AIR/WATER INTERFACE .... 68 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 68 Experimental ............................................................................................................... 69 Synthesis .............................................................................................................. 69 Monolayer Preparation......................................................................................... 69 Results ........................................................................................................................ 69 Surface Pressure vs. Mean Molecular Area Isotherms ...................................... 69 BAM ...................................................................................................................... 70 ATR FT-IR ............................................................................................................ 70 XPS....................................................................................................................... 70 SQUID Magnetometry.......................................................................................... 71 Discussion ................................................................................................................... 71 Conclusions ................................................................................................................ 73 4 PRUSSIAN BLUE/TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOCOMPOSITES ................................ 79 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 79 Experimental ............................................................................................................... 83 Synthesis .............................................................................................................. 83 Prussian blue nanoparticles .......................................................................... 83 NiIICrIII PBA nanoparticles ............................................................................. 83 TiO2-Coated Prussian Blue Particles .................................................................. 84 6 Thallium Staining for TEM Analysis .............................................................. 84 Photo-oxidative Experiments ............................................................................... 84 Visible Light-Induced Charge Transfer Evaluation ....................................... 85 Materials ........................................................................................................ 85 Instrumentation .............................................................................................. 85 Results .......................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Removal of Dyes by Adsorption on Magnetically Modified Activated
    Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. (2016) 13:1653–1664 DOI 10.1007/s13762-016-1001-8 ORIGINAL PAPER Removal of dyes by adsorption on magnetically modified activated sludge 1 1,2 3 1,3,4 1,4 Z. Maderova • E. Baldikova • K. Pospiskova • I. Safarik • M. Safarikova Received: 18 January 2016 / Revised: 29 February 2016 / Accepted: 12 April 2016 / Published online: 25 April 2016 Ó Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2016 Abstract The ability of magnetically modified activated second-order kinetic model, and the thermodynamic data sludge affected by thermal treatment to remove water- suggested the spontaneous and endothermic process. soluble organic dyes was examined. Twelve different dyes were tested. Based on the results of the initial sorption Keywords Biosorption Á Dyes Á Magnetic adsorbent Á study, four dyes (namely aniline blue, Nile blue, Bismarck Magnetic modification Á Microwave-assisted synthesis brown Y and safranin O) were chosen for further experi- ments due to their promising binding onto magnetic acti- Abbreviations vated sludge. Significant factors influencing adsorption ARE The average relative error efficiency such as dependence of contact time, initial pH or AS Activated sludge temperature were studied in detail. The adsorption process MIOP Magnetic iron oxides particles was very fast; more than 88 % of dye content (55 mg/L) SEE The standard error of estimate was adsorbed within 15 min under experimental conditions A0 The initial absorbance of dye used in the used. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by experiment Freundlich, Langmuir and Sips adsorption isotherm mod- Af The final absorbance of dye used in the els, and the fitting of each isotherm model to experimental experiment data was assessed on the basis of error functions.
    [Show full text]
  • TB Auramine-Rhodamine PRODUCT DETERIORATION
    Directions should be read and followed carefully. Refer to Material Safety Data Sheet for additional information. STORAGE This product is ready for use and no further preparation is necessary. Store product in its original container at 20-25°C until used. TB Auramine-Rhodamine PRODUCT DETERIORATION INTENDED USE This product should not be used if (1) the color has changed Remel TB Auramine-Rhodamine is a stain recommended for from a red, clear liquid, (2) the expiration date has passed, or use in qualitative procedures in the fluorescent microscopic (3) there are other signs of deterioration. detection of mycobacteria. SPECIMEN COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT Specimens should be collected and handled following SUMMARY AND EXPLANATION 5 recommended guidelines. One of the earliest methods devised for the detection of tubercle bacilli is the microscopic staining technique.1 MATERIALS REQUIRED BUT NOT SUPPLIED Mycobacteria possess cell walls that contain mycolic acid (1) Loop sterilization device, (2) Inoculating loop, swab, which complex with dyes resulting in the characteristic known collection containers, (3) Incubators, alternative environmental as “acid-fastness.” Acid-fast microscopy is the most rapid, TM systems, (4) Supplemental media, (5) QC-Slide AFB Stain initial step in diagnosis and in providing information about the Control (REF 40146) or quality control organisms, (6) TB number of acid-fast bacilli present. The use of fluorescent Decolorizer (Truant-Moore) (REF 40107), (7) TB Potassium dyes for the detection of acid-fast bacilli in clinical specimens 2 Permanganate (REF 40092), (8) Demineralized water, was described by Hagemann in 1937. In 1962, Truant, Brett, (9) Glass slides, (10) Bunsen burner or slide warmer, and Thomas evaluated the usefulness of the fluorescent (11) Microscope, (12) Immersion oil.
    [Show full text]
  • Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Safranin-T Dye Using
    RSC Advances View Article Online PAPER View Journal | View Issue Visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of safranin-T dye using functionalized graphene oxide Cite this: RSC Adv.,2018,8, 19659 nanosheet (FGS)/ZnO nanocomposites† Bhavani P. Nenavathu, *a Syam Kandula b and Swati Verma c Photocatalysts suffer from a lack of separation of photogenerated excitons due to the fast recombination of charge carriers, so a strong synergistic effect exhibited by photocatalysts is promising for effective photocatalysis. Herein, we have synthesized efficient visible light functionalized graphene oxide nanosheet (FGS)/ZnO nanocomposite photocatalysts via a simple and economical approach with large scale production for practical applications. A series of nanocomposites (FGS/ZnO NCs) with different amounts by weight of graphene oxide (GO) have been synthesized via a facile solution route followed by calcination under environmental conditions. The phase, purity and morphological studies of the synthesized FGS/ZnO NCs were carried out using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. electron microscopy (TEM). The optical properties were studied using UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). XRD results confirm the formation of a pure phase of ZnO in the FGS/ZnO NCs and TEM results show strongly adhered ZnO NPs on the surface of the FGS. DRS results confirm the extension of light absorption in the visible region while PL results confirm the effective separation of charge carriers in 0.09 wt% FGS/ZnO NCs. The synthesized photocatalyst efficiently degrades carcinogenic safranin-T dye under visible light illumination which is reported for the first time using FGS/ZnO nanocomposites.
    [Show full text]
  • Amplified Spontaneous Emission and Gain in Highly Concentrated
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Amplifed spontaneous emission and gain in highly concentrated Rhodamine‑doped peptide derivative Andrey Machnev1*, Daniel Ofer1,2, Ivan Shishkin1,3, Vitali Kozlov1, Carlo Diaferia4, Antonella Accardo4, Giancarlo Morelli4, Boris Apter5, Alexandra Inberg1, Gil Rosenman1 & Pavel Ginzburg1 Bioinspired fuorescence, being widely explored for imaging purposes, faces challenges in delivering bright biocompatible sources. While quite a few techniques have been developed to reach this goal, encapsulation of high‑quantum yield fuorescent dyes in natural biological forms suggest achieving superior light‑emitting characteristics, approaching amplifed spontaneous emission and even lasing. Here we compare gain capabilities of highly concentrated Rhodamine B solutions with a newly synthesized biocompatible peptide derivative hybrid polymer/peptide material, RhoB‑PEG1300‑F6, which contains the fuorescent covalently bound dye. While concentration quenching efects limit the maximal achievable gain of dissolved Rhodamine B, biocompatible conjugation allows elevating amplifcation coefcients towards moderately high values. In particular, Rhodamine B, anchored to the peptide derivative material, demonstrates gain of 22–23 ­cm−1 for a 10−2 M solution, while a pure dye solution possesses 25% smaller values at the same concentration. New biocompatible fuorescent agents pave ways to demonstrate lasing in living organisms and can be further introduced to therapeutic applications, if proper solvents are found. Bioimaging is a widely used technique, contributing to a broad range of applications, spanning from fundamental cellular studies to applied therapeutics 1. Te ability to visualize individual functional sites within a cell, identify tumors, track conformation processes in real time and many other such abilities make optical tools an inherent part of biomedical research and treatment 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapid Sun Light Degradation of Rhodamine-B, Methylene Blue, Methyl Orange, Congo Red and Their Binary Mixtures Using Suprastoichiometric Bi - Molybdate
    International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS) ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-2, Issue-8, August 2015 Rapid sun light degradation of Rhodamine-B, Methylene blue, Methyl orange, Congo red and their binary mixtures using suprastoichiometric Bi - Molybdate P. Suresh, A.M. Umabala, A.V. Prasada Rao harmful organic effluents can be directly converted into CO2, Abstract — Bi2(MoO4)3 with excess MoO3 has been prepared H2O and mineral salts without any toxic intermediates (ii) by combustion method using Bismuth nitrate, MoO3 and degradation can be effected at ambient temperature and (iii) glycine. The sample as prepared showed excellent photocatalytic photo degradation proceeds even at low concentrations (in the activity for the degradation of Rhodamine B, Methylene blue, ppm level) of the organic pollutants. Anatase form of TiO has Methyl orange and Congo red in presence of H O under direct 2 2 2 been projected as suitable photo catalyst for this purpose exposure to sun light. Complete degradation of separate 100ml aqueous solutions containing 5ppm Rhodamine B, 10ppm because it is inexpensive, non-toxic and chemically inert. But Methylene blue, 5ppm Methyl orange and 20ppm Congo red the wide band gap of 3.2 eV limits the absorption of TiO2 to with 100 mg of dispersed catalyst occurred in 60, 120, 70 and 60 U.V region below 390nm. To shift the absorption of TiO2 into min respectively. Binary mixtures of aqueous solutions visible region so as to avail ~ 45% of solar radiation, different containing different dyes also showed complete bleaching in 60 approaches have been reported in literature namely selective to 150 min of exposure to sun light.
    [Show full text]
  • Decolourization of Rhodamine B and Methylene Blue Dyes in the Presence of Bismuth Tungstates: a Detailed Investigation on the Effect of Grain Size
    Bull Mater Sci (2021) 44:2 Ó Indian Academy of Sciences https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-020-02292-3Sadhana(0123456789().,-volV)FT3](0123456789().,-volV) Decolourization of rhodamine B and methylene blue dyes in the presence of bismuth tungstates: a detailed investigation on the effect of grain size SHOMAILA KHANAM and SANJEEB KUMAR ROUT* Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi 835215, India *Author for correspondence ([email protected]) MS received 18 June 2020; accepted 6 August 2020 Abstract. Solid-state reaction method was opted for the preparation of bismuth tungstates (Bi2WO6) in the stoichio- metric ratio. The structural characterization related that the material has got orthorhombic symmetry. The high-energy ball milling did not show any structural change, but a reduction in grain size was observed from 100 to 34 nm after 5 h. The higher activity for the decolourization of rhodamine B (RHB) and methylene blue (MB) in the presence of UV light has been studied by employing Bi2WO6 as a catalyst. The dye degradation was observed by a decrease in the absorption spectrum and decolourization in the presence of UV irradiation. The degradation efficiency was found to be dependent on the size of the catalyst added in the dye solution, which may be due to increased surface area that increased the number of active sites for the reaction. The degradation efficiency of the unmilled and 5-h ball milled (Bi2WO6) catalyst was observed to be 32 and 90% in RHB, respectively. While in MB, 24 and 49% degradation efficiency was achieved by unmilled and 5-h ball milled (Bi2WO6) catalyst.
    [Show full text]
  • S41598-020-72996-3.Pdf
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Mechanistic understanding of the adsorption and thermodynamic aspects of cationic methylene blue dye onto cellulosic olive stones biomass from wastewater Mohammad A. Al‑Ghouti* & Rana S. Al‑Absi In the current study, the mechanistic understanding of the adsorption isotherm and thermodynamic aspects of cationic methylene blue (MB) dye adsorption onto cellulosic olive stones biomass from wastewater were investigated. The batch adsorption of MB onto the olive stones (black and green olive stones) was tested at a variety of pH, dye concentrations, temperatures, and biomass particle sizes. The adsorption thermodynamics such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes were also calculated. Moreover, the desorption studies of MB from the spent olive stones were studied to explore the re‑usability of the biomasses. The results revealed that under the optimum pH of 10, the maximum MB uptake was achieved i.e. 80.2% for the green olive stones and 70.9% for the black olive stones. The green olive stones were found to be more efcient in remediating higher MB concentrations from water than the black olive stones. The highest MB removal of the green olive stones was achieved at 600 ppm of MB, while the highest MB removal of the black olive stones was observed at 50 ppm of MB. Furthermore, for almost all the concentrations studied (50–1000 ppm), the MB adsorption was the highest at the temperature of 45 °C (P value < 0.05). It was shown by the Fourier transform infrared that the electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding were proposed as dominant adsorption mechanisms at basic and acidic pH, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Fluorescent, Prussian Blue-Based Biocompatible Nanoparticle System for Multimodal Imaging Contrast
    Supplementary Materials Fluorescent, Prussian Blue-Based Biocompatible Nanoparticle System for Multimodal Imaging Contrast László Forgách 1,*, Nikolett Hegedűs 1, Ildikó Horváth 1, Bálint Kiss 1, Noémi Kovács 1, Zoltán Varga 1,2, Géza Jakab 3, Tibor Kovács 4, Parasuraman Padmanabhan 5, Krisztián Szigeti 1,*,† and Domokos Máthé 1,6,7,*,† 1 Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; [email protected] (N.H.); [email protected] (I.H.); [email protected] (B.K.); [email protected] (N.K.); [email protected] (Z.V.) 2 Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; [email protected] (Z.V.) 3 Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; [email protected] 4 University of Pannonia, Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary; [email protected] 5 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 636921 Singapore, Singapore; [email protected] 6 In Vivo Imaging Advanced Core Facility, Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine, 6723 Szeged, Hungary 7 CROmed Translational Research Centers, 1047 Budapest, Hungary * Correspondence: [email protected] (L.F.); [email protected] univ.hu (K.S.); [email protected] (D.M.); Tel.: +36-1-459-1500/60164 (L.F.); +36-1- 459-1500/60210 (D.M.) † These authors contributed equally to this work. Native, citrate-coated PBNPs The mean hydrodynamic diameter (intensity-based harmonic means or z-average) of citrate- coated PBNPs was 29.30 ± 2.08 (average ± SD, 푛 = 8), as determined by DLS.
    [Show full text]
  • USE and ASSESSMENT of MARKER DYES USED with HERBICIDES
    SERA TR 96-21-07-03b USE and ASSESSMENT OF MARKER DYES USED WITH HERBICIDES Submitted to: Leslie Rubin, COTR Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Policy and Program Development Environmental Analysis and Documentation United States Department of Agriculture Suite 5A44, Unit 149 4700 River Road Riverdale, MD 20737 Task No. 10 USDA Order Nos. 43-3187-7-0408 USDA Contract No. 53-3187-5-12 Submitted by: Syracuse Environmental Research Associates, Inc. 5100 Highbridge St., 42C Fayetteville, New York 13066-0950 Telephone: (315) 637-9560 Fax: (315) 637-0445 Internet: [email protected] December 21, 1997 USE and ASSESSMENT OF MARKER DYES USED WITH HERBICIDES Prepared by: Michelle Pepling1, Phillip H. Howard1, Patrick R. Durkin2, 1Syracuse Research Corporation 6225 Running Ridge Road North Syracuse, New York 13212-2509 2Syracuse Environmental Research Associates, Inc. 5100 Highbridge St., Building 42C Fayetteville, New York 13066-0950 Submitted to: Leslie Rubin, COTR Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Policy and Program Development Environmental Analysis and Documentation United States Department of Agriculture Suite 5A44, Unit 149 4700 River Road Riverdale, MD 20737 Task No. 10 USDA Order Nos. 43-3187-7-0408 USDA Contract No. 53-3187-5-12 Submitted by: Syracuse Environmental Research Associates, Inc. 5100 Highbridge St., 42C Fayetteville, New York 13066-0950 Telephone: (315) 637-9560 Fax: (315) 637-0445 Internet: [email protected] December 21, 1997 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .....................................................ii ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS .............................. iii 1. INTRODUCTION .....................................................1 2. CURRENT PRACTICE .................................................2 3. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS .........................................3 3.1. DEFINITIONS .................................................3 3.2. CLASSES OF DYES .............................................4 3.3.
    [Show full text]
  • Various Methods for Removal of Dyes from Industrial Effluents - a Review
    ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846 Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 11(12), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2018/v11i12/120847, March 2018 ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645 Various Methods for Removal of Dyes from Industrial Effluents - A Review Sangeeta Sharma and Amandeep Kaur* Department of Applied Sciences, Shaheed Bhagat Singh State Technical Campus, Ferozepur – 152004, Punjab, India; [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Objectives: Methods/ Statistical Analysis: To explore most suitable and efficient method for the removal of dyes from textile effluent. In this paper, scattered information of research work carried out by many researchers related to various methods for the removal of cationicFindings/Recommendations: dyes especially Rhodamine-B, Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet, Malachite Green and Safranin-O dye present in textile effluent have been compiled and compared to find out cheap and effective method by calculating their percentage removal. It has been found that among all the methods reported so far, Adsorption process show promising results and overcomes almost all the demerits of otherwise efficient methods like advanced oxidation and electro coagulation etc. in terms of high cost and sludge problem. So ,the use of natural adsorbents and agricultural/industrial waste materials especially modified flyash, red mud ,activated rice husk , surfactant modified alumina, bentonite clay as adsorbents is recommended for the removal of cationicApplications/Improvements: dyes since they are of less cost/ no cost, easily available and have great affinity for dyes. Moreover, agriculture/industrial waste often poses a disposal problem. So, their use (after chemical treatment) as adsorbent is environmental friendly. This review paper would be helpful to find the most promising method for the removal of cationic dyes from the textile effluent considering the merits and demerits of each method.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Our Sales Range Brochure
    Sales Range FOR PRINTING, PAINTS, PLASTICS INDUSTRIES AND SPECIAL APPLICATIONS Pigments, pigment preparations and dyes FROM CLARIANT For the standard range of pigments we give a general Suitability e. g. for the coloration and printing of food Clariant supplies pigments and dyes. overview indicating their possible technical uses in packa ging or use in cosmetic products is subject to the main fields of application. statutory requirements which differ from country to These ranges, supplemented by country. It is the customers responsibility to comply It is not appropriate to treat the special grades, with applicable laws and regulations. pigment preparations and special pigment preparations, dyes and intermediates/ chemicals in the same way as the standard ranges NOTES ON DIARYL PIGMENTS grades, offer a wide variety of products and therefore they appear in the brochure as It has been known for some considerable time that separate ranges with less details of their special diaryl pigments can release 3,3’-DCB when they are for the printing ink, paint, plastics, fields of application. processed in polymers at temperatures above 200 °C. rubber, office supplies, wood and THE SYMBOLS MEAN: The following pigments supplied by Clariant are Main field of application diaryl pigments: detergents industries as well as for Additional field of application Limited suitability Pigment Yellow 12 Pigment Yellow 126 other special fields. — Not recommended Pigment Yellow 13 Pigment Yellow 127 Pigment Yellow 14 Pigment Yellow 174 We would however point out that this classification Pigment Yellow 16 Pigment Yellow 176 is simply a general guide that is intended to make Pigment Yellow 17 Pigment Orange 13 it easier to select suitable products from our range Pigment Yellow 81 Pigment Orange 34 of colorants.
    [Show full text]
  • Preparation of New Photocatalyst for Removal of Alizarin Red-S from Aqueous Solution
    ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846 Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 7(11), 1882–1887, November 2014 ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645 Preparation of New Photocatalyst for Removal of Alizarin Red-S from Aqueous Solution Hadi Roopaei1, Ahmad Reza Zohdi1, Zahra Abbasi2* and Mehrnoosh Bazrafkan3 1Department of Mathematics, College of Mathematic, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran; [email protected], [email protected] 2Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry Sciences, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran; [email protected] 3Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran; [email protected] Abstract In this paper, α-Fe2O3/NiS has been synthesized as a Photocatalyst for Removal of Alizarin red-S from Aqueous Solution. The as-prepared sample were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). Then photocatalytic degradation was carried out in the presence of the α-Fe2O3/NiS on Alizarin red-S. The effect of catalyst dose, pH and initial dye concentration on the degradation process has been assessed. Different concentrations of α-Fe2O3/NiS photocatalyst (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75and 2g/L), different pH values (1-10) and different concentrations of dye (10-100 ppm) were employed for the present study. Keywords: Photocatalytic, Alizarin Red-S, Magnetic Nanoparticle 1. Introduction Currently, many semiconductors have been applied in heterogeneous photocatalysis such as CdS, SnO2, WO3, 9–12 Polluted waste water plays significant role in environmental TiO2, ZrTiO4, and ZnO .
    [Show full text]