7814 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 10 8643. Also, petition of the Young People's Religious Union, S. 2132. An act for the relief of Katherine Scott, Mr. J. H. Boston, Mass., urging consideration of their resolution with Scott, J ettie Stewart, and Ruth Mincemeyer; reference to the Dies committee; to the Committee on Rules. S. 2199. An act for the relief of Isadore J. Friedman; 8644. Also, petition of the National Public Housing Con­ S. 2268. An act for the relief of RoXie Richardson; ference, New York, urging consideration of their resolution S. 3071. An act for the relief of Luther Devoe; and with reference to Senate bill 591, the United States Housing S. 3307. An act to amend an act entitled "An act for the Authority program; to the Committee on Banking and relief of Mrs. A. R. Barnard, Charles A. Stephens, Donald W. Currency. Prairie, and dependents of Vern A. Needles," approved July 8645. Also, petition of Local No. 917, E. R. M. W. A., urging 15, 1939. consideration of their resolution with reference to the Dies On June 7, 1940: committee;_to the Committee on Rules. S. 2083. An act conferring jurisdiction upon the United 8646. Also, petition of the Call Field Veterans' Association, States District Court for the District of New Jersey to hear, Wichita Falls, Tex., urging consideration of their resolution determine, and render judgment upon the claims of Parker with reference to national defense; to the Committee on McKee, Sr., and Louise McKee; Military Affairs. S. 2572. An act for the relief of Anna M. Shea; 8647. Also, petition of the Crescent Club, Inc., Yonkers, S. 2667. An act for the relief. of Mr. and Mrs. John W. N. Y., urging consideration of their resolution with reference Finley; to national defense; to the Committee on Military Affairs. S. 3092. An act for the relief of Maj. John R. Holt; 8648. Also, petition of the Maryland Hotel Men's Associa­ S. 3233. An act for the relief of C. T. Jensen; tion, Baltimore, Md., urging consideration of their resolution S. 3328. An act for the relief of Dorothy Crossing; and with reference to urging the permanent return of the historic S. 3487. An act for the relief of the heirs of Lt. William Lee frigate Constellation to Baltimore; to the Committee on Naval Clemmer, Coast Guard. Affairs. On June 8, 1940: S. 920. An act conferring jurisdiction upon the United States District Court for the District of Montana to hear, SENATE determine, and render judgment upon the claim of the estate of Joseph Mihelich; and MONDAY, JUNE 10, 1940 S. 3304. An act for the relief of J. Frank Kuner, private (Legislative day of Tuesday, May 28, 1940) uniformed force, United States Secret Service. ' The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, on the expiration MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE of the recess. A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. The Chaplain, Rev. Z~Barney T. Phillips, D. D., offered the Calloway, one of its reading clerks, announced that the following prayer: House had passed without amendment the following bills of 0 God, Eternal Spirit, who art and wast and art to come, the Senate: of whom we think as the living comprehension of all beauty, S. 163. An act directing the Secretary of the Interior to truth, and goodness, as the infinite, divine reality of all our issue to Albert W. Gabbey a patent to certain lands in the ideas of righteousness, justice, and mercy: Fill us with the State of Wyoming; mystic sense of Thy presence, that, as we bow our heads in S. 505. An act authorizing the President of the United awe and worship, we may feel the high purpose of our God States to summon Sam Alexander before an Army retiring enduring through these earthly vicissitudes, and may be de­ board, and for other purposes; . livered from each sad, despondent mood, induced by the con­ S. 897. An act to correct the military record of Walter templation of the grievous woes and evils of our world. Be Ballhaus; patient with us, we beseech Thee, and comfort us with the S.1326. An act for the relief of Janet Hendel, nee Judith comfort of the Spirit, which silently witnesseth with our Shapiro; S. 1328. An act for the relief of Lena Hendel, nee Lena spirit. Goldberg; Strengthen us to labor in the dark by the light of the little S.1608. An act to repeal the provisions of Private Law lamp that shines, until the day star shall arise and dawn in No. 347, Seventy-first Congress, pertaining to Victoria Kessel; our hearts and we behold once more the tides of justice S. 1635. An act for the relief of the Acme Die-Casting sweeping around the world. Corporation; - Help each one of us to fight the good fight, having on the S. 1638. An act for the relief of Thermal Syndicate armor of righteousness; to seek his place and to fill it, as Limited; ' Thou wouldst have him do. Comfort all those who at this S. 1678. An act for the relief , of Charles B. Chrystal; hour suffer and languish on beds of pain or on the field of S.1977. An act for the relief of John A. Farrell; battle. Be Thou their Guide and Stay, and receive, 0 blessed, S. 2209. An act for the relief of Earle Embrey; merciful God, the souls of the dying to some new life of oppor­ S. 2250. An act for the relief of Joseph F. Tondre; tunity and beauteous service beyond- these mortal scenes. S. 2295. An act authorizing the President to reappoint and Through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen. - honorably discharge David J. Sawyer, second lieutenant THE JOURNAL National Army, as of May 11, 1919; • On request of Mr. BARKLEY, and by unanimous consent, S. 2735. An act authorizing the issuance to Orville Wright the reading of the Journal of the proceedings of the calendar of honorary aircraft pilot's certificate No. 1; day of Thursday, June 6, 1940, was dispensed with, and the S. 3009. An act authorizing the President to present the Journal was approved. Navy Cross to Capt. Frank N. Roberts, United States Army; S. 3038. An act to provide for the advancement of John L. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT-APPROVAL OF BILLS Hines on the retired list of the Army; Messages in writing from the President of the United S. 3044. An act for the relief of Nadine Sanders; States were communicated to the Senate by Mr. Latta, one S. 3061. An act for the relief of Andrew Olson; of his secretaries, who also announced that the President _ S. 3095. An act for the relief of Harry Huston; had approved and signed the following bills: S. 3245. An act for the relief of Maria Teresa Valdes On June 6, 1940: Thompson; 8.1239. An act for the relief of Priscilla M. Noland; S. 3306. An act for the relief of Roy F. Lassly, former 8.1649. An act for the relief of Alan C. Winter, Jr., and Acting Chief Disbursing Clerk, Department of the Interior; Elizabeth Winter; S. 3337. An act for the relief of the Lewis State Bank, of S. 1942. An act for the relief of the legal representative of Tallahassee, Fla.; Anna Barbara Kosick, deceased; S. 3338. An act for the relief of Alice c. Wainwright; 1 • 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE S. 3673. An act to enable Kurt Frings to enter and remain H. R. 4412. An act for the relief of Beatrice Lois Rucker; permanently in the United States; and H. R. 4656. An act to record the lawful admission to the S. 3887. An act for the relief of Laura Trice Converse. United States for permanent residence of Esther Klein; The message also announced that the House had passed H. R. 5352. An act for the relief of Felix Bernstein; the following bills of the Senate, severally with an amend­ H. R. 5388. An act for the relief of Thomas Lewellyn and ment, in which it requested the concurrence of the Senate: Drusilla Lewellyn; s. 1024. An act for the relief of Harriett Boswell, guardian H. R. 5569. An act for the relief of Stuart Bastow; of Betty Fisher; H. R. 6145. An act for the relief of Elizabeth L. Riley; S. 2598. An act for the relief of Kurt Wessely; H. R. 6365. An act to correct the military records of DeRosey S. 2782. An act for the relief of Harold W. Kinderman; C. Cabell, McFarland Cockrill, James N. Caperton, Junius H. and Houghton, Otto F. Lange, Paul B. Parker, James deB. Walbach, S. 3578. An act for the relief of Edward Smith. and Victor W. B. Wales; The message further announced that the House had passed H. R. 6680. An act for the relief of Laszlo Kardos, Magdolna the following bills of the Senate, each with amendments, in Kardos, and Gaby Kardos; which it requested the concurrence of the Senate: H. R. 6703. An act for the relief of Clara E. Freeman; S. 3196. An act to amend the act approved May 24, 1938, H. R. 6730. An act for the relief of Edward P. Glenn, Jr.; entitled "An act for the relief of the Comision Mixta H. R. 6737. An act for the relief of Clarence D. Green; Demarcadora de Limites Entre Colombia y Panama" and for H. R. 6888. An act for the relief of Esther Jacobs; the relief of Jose Antonio Sossa D; and H. R. 6889. An act for the relief of Frances M. Hannah; S. 3813. An act to authorize the presentation of a Con­ H. R. 7098. An act for the relief of L. S. Jones; gressional Medal of Honor to William Sinnott. H. R. 7178. An act for the relief of Ludwig Baur; The message also announced that the House insisted upon H. R. 7277. An act for the relief of Mrs. Stefanida Szew­ its amendments to the bill (S. 4026) providing for the reor­ czuk-Omelchuk (Kovalcik); ganization of the Navy Department, and for other purposes, H. R. 7459. An act for the relief of Bettina Bernstein; disagreed to by the Senate; agreed to the conference asked H. R. 7493. An act for the relief of Roy F. Lassly, former by the Senate on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses Acting Chief DiEbursing Clerk, Department of the Interior, thereon, and that Mr. VINSON of Georgia, Mr. DREWRY, and and Guy F. Allen, Chief Disbursing Officer, Division of Mr. MAAS were appointed managers on the part of the House Disbursement, Treasury Department; at the conference. H. R. 7495. An act for the relief of Gloria D. Downing; The message further announced that the House had agreed H. R. 7749. An act for the relief of Charles Molnar; to the amendments of the Senate to the bill

7816 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 10 H. R. 9453. An act to provide a license to the Atlantic Re­ tions Commission, which, with the accompanying report, was fining Co., and for other purposes; referred to the Committee on the Library. H. R. 9589. An act grantfng a pension to Frances Folsom REPORT OF NEAR EAST RELIEF . Cleveland Preston; and The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a letter from H. R. 9651. An act for the relief of Meier Langermann, his the Comptroller of the Near East Relief, transmitting, pur­ ' wife, Friederike, and son, Joseph. suant to law, the report of that organization for the year ENROLLED BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTION SIGNED ended December 31, 1939, which, with the accompanying , The message also announced that the Speaker had affixed report, was referred to the Committee on Printing. . his signature to the following enrolled bills and joint resolu­ PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS tion, and they were signed by the Vice President, except as to The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the following Senate Joint Resolution 59: concurrent resolution of the Legislature of the State of Dli­ S. 1759. An act granting the consent of Congress to the nois, which was referred to the Committee on Commerce: States of Montana, North Dakota, and Wyoming to negotiate Whereas there is now pending in the United States Senate, House and enter into a compact or agreement for division of the Resolution No. 8372, already passed by the House of Representatives waters of the Yellowstone River; of Congress, which resolution authorizes the city of Chester, Til., S. 1964. An act to amend section 5136 of the Revised Stat­ to construct, maintain, and operate a toll bridge across the Mis­ sissippi River at or near said city if such construction is com­ utes, as amended, to authorize charitable contributions by menced prior to June 21, 1940; and national banking associations; Whereas the construction of such bridge is of great importance to s. 2568. An act to amend the Federal Credit Union Act a large portion of the inhabitants of this State and to numerous persons of other States; and (June 26, 1934, ch. 750, par. 1, 48 Stat. 1216, sec. 1761); Whereas the construction of such bridge would promote inter­ S. 3959. An act authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury state commerce, improve the Postal Service, and be of value for mili­ to grant to the city of Fort Lauderdale, Fla., an easement or tary purposes; and easements authorizing such city to construct and maintain a Whereas the State of illinois, through its department of public works and buildings, has approved the location of and made all highway and utility facilities over the United States Coast necessary surveys for highway approaches to such bridge; and Guard Reservation known as Base 6 at Fort Lauderdale, Fla.; Whereas arrangements have been completed for the financing of and such bridge: Now, therefore, be it . Resolved by the senate of .the sixty-first general assembly at the s. J. Res. 59. Joint resolution authorizing the Bureau of first special session thereof (the house of representatives concurring Labor Statistics to collect information as to amount and value herein), That the Senate of the United States be, and is hereby, of all goods produced in State and Federal prisons. memorialized and requested to give favorable consideration to the aforesaid resolution and to enact it at an early date; and be it CALL OF THE ROLL further Mr. MINTON. I suggest the absence of a quorum. Resolved, That a copy of this preamble and resolution be for­ warded to the President of the Senate and to each Member of The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk will call the roll. the United States Senate from the State of illinois. The Chief Clerk called the roll, and the following Senators answered to their names: The VICE PRESIDENT also laid before the Senate a reso­ lution adopted by the thirty-fourth annual convention of the Adams Danaher La Follette Schwartz Andrews Davis Lee Schwellenbach Maryland State and District of Columbia Federation of Ashurst Donahey Lucas Sheppard Labor at Hagerstown, Md., favoring that, in the involun­ Austin Downey Lundeen Shipstead Bailey Ellender McKellar Slattery tary separation of employees from the Federal service, as Bankhead George McNary Smathers much consideration be given to every efficiency rating that Barbour Gerry Maloney Smith any separated employee has had during the period of em­ Barkley Gillette Mead Thomas, Idaho Bilbo Green Miller Thomas, Utah ployment as that appearing in the last efficiency rating, Bone Guffey Minton Tobey which was referred to the Committee on Civil Service. Brown Gurney Murray Townsend Bulow ·Harrison Neely Truman He also laid before the Senate a resolution of the Italian­ Burke Hatch Norris Tydings American Citizens League of the Oranges, N. J., favoring Byrd Hayden Nye Vandenberg the United States keeping out of war, which was referred Byrnes Herring O'Mahoney VanNuys Capper Hill Overton Wagner to the Committee on Foreign Relations. Caraway Holman Pepper Walsh He also laid before the Senate a memorial of sundry citi­ Chandler Holt Pittman Wheeler Chavez Hughes Radcliffe White zens of New York_City, N.Y., remonstrating against amend­ Clark, Idaho Johnson, Calif. Reed Wiley ment or repeal of the so-called Johnson Act, relating to Clark, Mo. Johnson, Colo. Reynolds loans to foreign nations, which was referred to the Com­ Connally King Russell mittee on Foreign Relations. Mr. MINTON. I announce that the Senator from Virginia He also laid before the Senate a resolution of the Execu­ [Mr. GLAss], the Senator from Nevada [Mr. McCARRAN], the tive National Council of the Creek Tribe, Okmulgee County, Senator from Tennessee [Mr. STEWART], and the Senator Okla., requesting the Secretary of the Interior to furnish a from Oklahoma [Mr. THOMAS] are necessarily detained. report, with the approval of the President of the United Mr. AUSTIN. I announce that the Senator from Massa­ States, to 'the secretary of the Creek National Council on chusetts [Mr. LoDGE], the Senator from North Dakota [Mr. all properties that were sold by the Secretary of the Interior, FRAZIER],. and the Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. ToBEY] all properties now held in trust by the United States for are necessarily absent from the Senate. the use and benefit of the Creek Tribe of Indians, and all The VICE PRESIDENT. Eighty-six Senators have an­ moneys that were collected from any source belonging to swered to their names. A quorum is present. the Creek Tribe under various acts of Congress, which was REPORT OF RECONSTRUCTION FINANCE CORPORATION referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs. He also laid before the Senate a resolution adopted by The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a report the Maryland Police Association at a recent meeting in signed by the Chairman and Secretary of the Reconstruc­ Hyattsville, Md., offering its continued cooperation with the tion Finance Corporation covering the operations of the Cor­ Federal Government in the suppression and elimination of poration for the first q"..larter of 1940 and from the period of treasonable and un-American activities, and also offering its organization on February 2, 1932, to March 31, 1940, in­ its aid and services to the Federal Bureau of Investigation clusive, which, with the accompanying papers, was referred or other official agencies under the Government in uphold­ to the Committee on Banking and Currency. ing American ideals and safeguarding the peace and happi­ REPORT OF NATIONAL HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS COMMISSION ness of the people, which was referred to the Committee on The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a letter from the Judiciary. the Archivist of the United States, transmitting, pursuant to He also laid before the Senate a resolution of the Mary­ law, a report submitted by the National Historical Publica- land Hotel Men's Association, Baltimore, Md., requesting the 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECQRD-SENATE .7817 return of the U. S. frigate Constellation to Baltimore, and petition be referred to the Senate Committee on Foreign that a permanent berth be provided for the historic vessel Relations. at Fort McHenry, Baltimore, ·Md., which was referred to the There being no objection, the petition was received and Committee on Naval Affairs. referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. He also laid before the Senate a telegram in the nature THIRD ARMY MANEUVERS AT ALEXANDRIA, LA.; RESOLUTION of a petition from C. N. Sisson, president of Friends of Allies, Mr. ELLENDER presented a resolution of the Board of Hartsville, S. C., praying that the Allied nations be provided Directors of the Alexandria (La.) Chamber of Commerce, with airplanes, guns, munitions, and supplies as suggested which was referred to the Committee on Military Affairs and by General Pershing, which was ordered to lie on the table. ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: He also laid before the Senate resol~tions of the Lions Be it resolved by the board of directors of the Alexandria Cham­ Clubs of Temple, Tex.; Marion, Ind.; and Hoboken, N. J., ber of Commerce, on motion made and carried at the conclusion and the Gardena Valley Lions Club, of Gardena, Calif., favor­ of the Third Army maneuvers, admittedly the greatest peacetime ing the taking of all measures to strengthen the national concentration of troops in American hiStory, That the community is proud that its hinterland has served the national interest as the defense, and to put an end to subversive activities of agents maneuver area, and proud also of the opportunity to be host to and members of the so-called "fifth column," which were such a distinguished portion of the Federal military forces as con­ ordered to lie on the table. stituted the Third Army; but be it even more especially He also laid before the Senate a resolution of the Crescent Resolved, That the Alexandria Chamber of Commerce, through its board of directors, record the fact that it has been extremely Club, of Yonkers, N. Y., commending Members of the Con­ impressed during the period of the maneuvers involving more gress for the patriotic and nonpartisan manner in which than 70,000 troops, by the excellent bearing and deportment of they have given approval to an adequate military program the soldiers of the· United States Army. At no previous time in the rather lengthy experience which our community has enjoyed with for the protection of the people of the United States, which the Regular Army have our citizens been so genuinely pleased With was ordered to lie on the table. its military visitors as upon this occasion; be it therefore He also laid before the Senate a resolution of the Chamber . Further resolved, That a copy of this resolution be sent to the of Commerce of Clarksville and Montgomery County, Tenn., President of the United States as Commander in Chief of the Armies; to the Secretary of War, the Chief of Staff; to the members commending the President and Congress for the steps being of the Military Affairs Committees of both Senate and House; and taken· to prepare and equip the Nation for security from to the Senators and Congressmen from Louisiana. invasion, and also favoring the enactment of legislation to FEDERAL GASOLINE TAX IN SOUTH DAKOTA-RESOLUTION balance the Budget and reduce the national debt, which was ordered to lie on the table. Mr. GURNEY presented a resolution of the South Dakota He also laid before the Senate a resolution adopted by Gasoline Tax Evasion Committee, Huron, S. Dak., which an executive session of the Call Field Veterans' Association, was referred to the Committee on Finance and ordered to be Wichita Falls, Tex., favoring the establishment of an printed in the RECORD, as follows: independent air service for the United States, favoring the The present Federal gasoline tax of 1 cent per gallon imposes an excessive burden upon this essential commodity of everyday use. enactment of legislation to protect the country from profit­ When added to the 4-cent State levy, the total tax amounts to eering in war materials, and the prevention of sabotage and 34 percent of the retail price of the product, as compared with the pernicious activities of all subversive elements, and also the 3-percent rate on all other retail sales. that measures be taken so that the southern border of the The typical motorist in South Dakota is a person of very modest means, for official studies by agents of the Federal Government United States may be promptly and adequately protected, show that his income averages $20 to $30 a week. The annual which was ordered to lie on the table. total taxes of $45 on his automobile and its operation, therefore, He also laid before the Senate a petition of sundry citizens represents 2 week's income. He clearly cannot buy necessities with the same money he uses to pay taxes. of the State of Kansas, praying that Congress remain in ses­ Every time the operator of a service station in South Dakota sion during the present international crisis, which was sells $1 worth of gasoline he collected from the motorists (a ma­ ordered to lie on the table. · jority of whom are farmers) an additional 34 cents in taxes of which nearly 7 cents must immediately be turned over to the He also laid before the Senate a resolution of the Buffalo Federal Government for the present Federal gasoline tax. (N. Y.) Branch of the Women's International League for Farmers of the State who because of their operations are obliged Peace and Freedom, requesting that Congress remain in ses­ to use gasoline for their power in carrying on their business are obliged to pay this exorbitaQ.t tax, whereas other individuals or sion during the summer months so as to keep the Nation out farmers who get along with horses or nontaxable fuels for power of war, which was ordered to lie on the table. . are relieved from this enormous burden. He also laid before the Senate a resolution of the Republi­ Now, therefore, because of the present enormity of the Federal can County Committee, third assembly district, Jackson gasoline tax and its direct burden upon all the people of the State of South Dakota and the farmers in particular: Be it Heights, N. Y., requesting that Congress remain in session Resolved, That this association do hereby strenuously oppose the during the present international crisis, and that the Presi­ present efforts in the Congress of the United States to increase this dent appoint a national-defense council similar to that ap­ tax, and use its best efforts in urging its congressional representa­ tion to vote against any such proposed increase: Be it further pointed during the last World War, a council vested with Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be sent to the congres­ authority and not merely of an advisory character, which was sional representation of South Dakota in Washington, D. C. ordered to lie on the table. REPORTS OF CO~ITTEES He also laid before the Senate a telegram in the nature of a petition from Local No. 453, Michigan Workers ,Alliance, Mr. SHEPPARD, from the Committee on Military Affairs, Detroit, Mich., praying for increases and remonstrating to which was referred the bill (S. 3768) to amend section 40, against any slashes in money and jobs under theW. P. A. in National Defense Act, as amended, relating to the organization of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps, so as to provide for the pending work-relief joint resolution, which was ordered an exception with respect to the University of Alaska, re­ to lie on the table. ported it without amendment and submitted a report (No. Mr. TYDINGS presented a petition of sundry citizens of 1786) thereon. Baltimore, Md., praying for the prompt adoption of all proper He also, from the same committee, to which was referred national-defense measures for the United States, which was the bill (S. 4057) to authorize the acquisition of certain ad­ ordered to lie on the table. ditional lands for military purposes, reported it with amend­ AID SHORT OF WAR TO THE ALLIEs-PETITION ments and submitted a report (No. 1787) thereon. Mr. WALSH. Mr. President, on behalf of my colleague the He also, from the same committee, to which was referred gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. LoDGE] and myself, I the bill

tax on wine; to compensate for the loss of revenue occasioned AGRICULTURAL COMPOSITIONS AND EXTENSIONS (S. DOC. NO. 205) by the elimination of the tax on brandy and wine spirits Mr. NYE (for Mr. FRAZIER) presented an amended copy of used in the fortification of wine; and for other purposes; to Senate Document No. 55 (75th Cong., 1st sess.) entitled the Committee on Finance. "Agricultural Compositions and Extensions," which was or­ ! H. R. 9195. An act to amend the National Labor Rela­ dered to be printed with certain changes as indicated therein. \ tions Act; to the Committee on Education and Labor. ADDRESS BY SENATOR BARKLEY BEFORE CONNECTICUT STATE DEMO- ACQUISITION OF PROPERTY FOR PUBLIC USE IN THE DISTRICT­ CRATIC CONVENTION AMENDMENT [Mr. MALONEY asked and obtained ·leave to have printed Mr. CONNALLY submitted an amendment intended to be in the RECORD an address by Senator before the Con­ proposed by him to the bill (S. 1825) to provide for the ac­ B~RKLEY quisition of certain property for public use in the District of .necticut State Democratic Convention at Hartford, Conn., on June 3, 1940, which appears in the Appendix.] Columbia, which was referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds and ordered to be printed. ADDRESS BY SENATOR VANDENBERG ON NATIONAL DEFENSE AND FOREIGN POLICmS AMENDMENT RELATING TO PLACER MINING CLAIMS ON THE PUBLIC DOMAIN [Mr. VANDENBERG asked and obtained leave to have printed Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado submitted an amendment in­ in the RECORD a radio address delivered by him on June 9, tended to be proposed by him to the bill (H. R. 6560) re­ 1940, on the subject of national defense and foreign policies, lating to placer mining claims for deposits of phosphate, which appears in the Appendix.] sodium, potassium, oil, oil shale, or gas on the public do­ WAR HYSTERIA-ADDRESS BY SENATOR WHEELER . main, which was ordered to lie on the table and to be [Mr. BoNE asked and obtained leave to have printed in printed. the RECORD an address delivered on June 7 on the subject of AMENDMENT OF FEDERAL HIGHWAY AID ACT-AMENDMENT the war and war hysteria by Senator WHEELER, which ap­ Mr. O'MAHONEY submitted an amendment intended to be pears in the Appendix.] proposed by him to House bill 9575, to amend the Federal DISCUSSION ON NATIONAL DEFENSE BY SENATORS BONE, BROWN, LEE, Aid Act, approved July 11, 1916, as amended and supple­ AND WILEY mented, and for other purposes, which was referred to the [Mr. BROWN asked and obtained leave to have printed in Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads and ordered to be the RECORD radio addresses delivered on June 2, 1940, by printed. Senators BONE, BROWN, LEE, and WILEY on Methods of Fi­ WORK RELIEF AND RELIEF-AMENDMENTS nancing National Defense-And War If It Should Come, Mr. BARBOUR submitted an amendment intended to be which appears in the Appendix.] proposed by him to the joint resolution (H. J. Res. 544) making appropriations for work relief and relief, for the ADDRESS BY SENATOR WILEY ON COLONEL HEG fiscal year ending June 30, 1941, which was ordered to lie [Mr. WILEY ·asked and obtained leave to have printed in the on the table and to be printed, as follows: RECORD an address delivered by him on June 9, 1940, at Heg On page 23, line 25, after the word "workers", to insert "under Memorial Park, on the Meaning of Colonel Heg's Life Today, 40 years of age." which appears in the Appendix.] Mr. GURNEY submitted an amendment intended to be NATIONAL DEFENSE AND AMERICAN AID TO THE ALLmS proposed by him to the joint resolution (H. J. Res. 544) [Mr. AsHURST asked and obtained leave to have printed making appropriations for work relief and relief, for the in the RECORD excerpts from remarks heretofore made by fiscal year ending June 30, 1941, which was ordered to lie him in the Senate, and sundry telegrams received by him on the table and to be printed, as follows: urging American aid to the Allies, which appear in the On page 25, line 15, after the word "Administration", to add Appendix.] the following: "and unmarried widows of such veterans and the wives of such veterans as are unemployable." ADDRESSES BY SENATOR HOLT STRENGTHENING OF THE NATIONAL DEFENSE-AMENDMENTS [Mr. HoLT asked and obtained leave to have printed in Mr. WAGNER and Mr. DANAHER each submitted an the RECORD two addresses delivered by him, and a series of amendment intended to be proposed by them to the bill articles entitled "Twenty-five Years Ago," which appear in the (S. 4025) to expedite the strengthening of the national de­ Appendix.] fense, which were ordered to lie on the table and to be ADDRESS BY REPRESENTATIVE KEOGH ON TWENTY-FIFTH ANNI­ printed. VERSARY OF ORDINATION OF MONSIGNOR THOMAS A. SHARKEY AMOUNT AND VALUE OF GOODS PRODUCED IN STATE AND FEDERAL . [Mr. MEAD asked and obtained leave to have printed in PRISONs--cORRECTION IN ENROLLMENT the RECORD a.n address delivered by Representative KEoGH Mr. THOMAS of Utah submitted a concurrent resolution of New York at the twenty-fifth anniversary of the ordina­ (S. Con. Res. 50), which was considered by unanimous con­ tion of Monsignor Thomas A. Sharkey, pastor of St. Martin sent, and agreed to, as follows: of Tours Church in Brookl:n, on May 30, 1940, which Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concur­ appears in the Appendix.] ring), That the action of the Speaker of the House of Repre­ ADDRESS BY SECRETARY OF THE NAVY AT NAVAL ACADEMY sentatives in signing the enrolled joint resolution (S. J. Res. 59) GRADUATION EXERCISES ·authorizing the Bureau of Labor Statistics to collect information as to amount and value of all goods produced in State and Federal [Mr. WALSH asked and obtained leave to have printed in prisons be, and it is hereby, rescinded. the RECORD the address delivered by Hon. Charles Edison, Resolved further, That the Secretary of the Senate be, and he is Secretary of the Navy, at the graduation exercises of the hereby, authorized, and directed, in the enrollment of the said joint resolution, to make the following change, n amely: In line 15 of United States Naval Academy on June 6, 1940, which ap­ the engrossed joint resolution strike out "May 1, 1940", and insert pears in the Appendix.] May 1, 1941.'' ADDRESSES BY PRESIDENT KALLIO OF FINLAND AMERICAN CITIZENS DECORATED OR HONORED BY THE GERMAN GOVERNMENT [Mr. ScHWELLENBACH asked and obtained leave to have printed in the REcORD an address by Mr. Kyosti Kallio, Mr. KING submitted the following resolution (S. Res. 278), President of Finland, on the occasion of the signing of the which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations: treaty of peace between Finland and Russia on March 14, Resolved, That the Secretary of State is requested to submit to 1940, and another address by him on the occasion of the the Senate as soon as practicable the names of all citizens of the United St ates who have received decorations or other honors from resignation of the Government on March 27, 1940; which the German Government since January 1, 1933. appear in the Appendix.] 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7821 ADDRESS BY CHANCELOR CHASE AT COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES making appropriations for the Legislative Branch of the Govern­ ment for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1941, and for other pur­ AT NEW YORK UNIVERSITY poses, having met, after full and free conference, have agreed to [Mr. MURRAY asked and obtained leave to have printed in recommend and do recommend to their respective Houses as follows: the RECORD the address delivered by Dr. Harry Woodburn That the Senate recede from its amendment numbered 29. That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendments Chase, on the occasion of the one hundred and eighth com­ of the Senate numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, mencement exercises at New York University on June 5, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26; and agree to the same. 1940, which appears in the Appendix.] Amendment numbered 27: That the House recede from its dis­ agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 27, and agree ADDRESS BY HON. HARRY SLATTERY ON RURAL ELECTRIFICATION to the same with an amendment, a.s follows: In lieu of the sum [Mr. NORRIS asked and obtained leave to have printed in the proposed insert "$1,256,920"; and the Senate agree to the same. Amendment numbered 28: That the House recede from its dis­ RECORD a radio address delivered on June 3, 1940, by Hon. agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 28, and agree Harry Slattery, Administrator of the Rural Electrification to the same with an amendment, as follows: In lieu of the sum Administration, which appears in the Appendix.] proposed insert "$122,080"; and the Senate agree to the same. Amendment numbered 30: That the House recede from its dis­ ADDRESS BY JACK W. CARLEY ON NATIONAL DEFENSE agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 30, and agree [Mr. McKELLAR asked and obtained leave to have printed in to the same with an amendment, as follows: In lieu of the sum the RECORD an address on national defense by Jack W. Carley, proposed insert "$148,000"; and the Senate agree to the same. Amendment numbered 31: That the House recede from· its dis-· of Memphis, Tenn., which appears in the Appendix.] agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 31, and agree NATIONAL DEFENSE AND THE MONROE DOCTRINE to the same with an amendment, as follows: In lieu of the sum proposed insert "$16,500"; and the Senate agree to the same. [Mr. NORRIS asked and obtained leave to have printed in the The committee of conference report in disagreement amendmen~ RECORD a letter from J. L. Sellers to the editor of the Lincoln, numbered 17. (Nebr.) Star on the subject of national defense, and an edi­ M. E. TYDINGS, JAMES F. BYRNES, torial from the Lincoln Star of June 5, 1940, relative to the ALVA B. ADAMS, Monroe Doctrine, which appear in the Appendix.] JOHN H. OVERTON, FREDERICK HALE, THE AMERICAN ATTITUDE-EDITORIAL ·FROM THE PORTLAND STYLES BRIDGES, OREGONIAN Managers on the part of the Senate. [Mr. McNARY asked and obtained leave to have printed in LOUIS c. RABAUT, the RECORD an editorial from the Portland Oregonian of the J . 0. FERNANDEZ, issue of May 30, 1940, under the heading "Do we live for JAMES McANDREWS, ROBERT F. RICH, America now?" which appears in the Appendix.] Managers on the part of the HtYUSe. FREE INSTITUTIONS AND THE WAR-ARTICLE FROM THE BILL OF RIGHTS REVIEW SUGGESTED ARMISTICE IN EUROP~N WAR [Mr. AusTIN asked and obtained leave to have printed in the Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. President, on October 4, RECORD an article from the Bill of Rights Review, summer, 1939, I had the honor to submit Senate Resolution 191, which 1940, number, entitled "Free Institutions and the War," which was referred to th~ Committee on Foreign Relations. appears in the Appendix.] I ask unanimous consent that this resolution, together with BENEFITS UNDER RAll.ROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT my brief statement made at the time, be made a part of my remarks at this point. [Mr. WAGNER asked and obtained leave to have printed in the RECORD a statement by the Railway Labor Executives' There being no objection, the resolution and statement Association in support of Senate bill 3920 to liberalize the were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: benefits paid unemployed workers under the Railroad Unem­ Mr. JoHNSON of Colorado. Mr. President, I submit a resolution · and ask to have it read by the clerk, together with a brief state- ployment Insurance Act, which appears in the Appendix.] ment, and then referred to the proper committee. _ THE ALIEN QUESTION The .VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, the resolution will be read. [Mr. REYNOLDS asked and obtained leave to have printed The legislative clerk read the resolution (S. Res. 191), as follows: in the RECORD a letter addressed to the editor of the Citizen, "Whereas the time is auspicious for the United States to use its best efforts to promote an immediate armistice in the war now being a newspaper published in Asheville, N.C., on the alien ques­ waged in Europe; and tion, which appears in the Appendix.] "Whereas it is the sincere desire of our President and the Ameri­ can people to see an early termination of such war; and ROOSEVELT AND THE WAR-EDITORIAL FROM BIRMINGHAM NEWS "Whereas other neutrals are looking to us for leadership in a [Mr. HILL asked and obtained leave to have printed in the movement to that end; and RECORD an editorial from the Birmingham News of Thursday, "Whereas there is more glory and courageousness in an honor­ able peace than a bloody victory with its attendant ills and sor­ June 6, 1940, entitled "Roosevelt and the War," which appears rows: Now, therefore, be it in the Appendix.] "Resolved, That it is the sense of the Senate that every effort should be made by the United States in conjunction with other GERMANY'S PREPARATION FOR THE WAR neutral nations to bring about an early termination of the Euro­ [Mr. SLATTERY asked and obtained leave to have printed in pean conflict, and to that end the President is requested to join with other neutrals in urging the nations that are now at war the RECORD an article from the Chicago Herald-American of to enter into an immediate armistice as a preliminary step toward June 7, 1940, by Robert P. Vanderpoel regarding Germany's negotiations looking to the complete, lasting, and peaceful settle­ preparation for the war, which appears in the Appendix.] ment of the various matters about which they are in conflict." Mr. JoHNSON of Colorado. Mr. President, Americans are proud APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH--cONFERENCE and grateful for the persistent effort made by the President of the REPORT United States to prevent t,he European war. These courageous ef­ Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, I submit the conference forts should continue even though the war is now an actuality. Every possible pressure for peace should be brought to bear upon report on the legislative-branch appropriation bill. The the belligerents by neutral states and the warring nations should be House receded from its disagreement to nearly every amend­ urged to declare an armistice immediately so that the terms of an ment of the Senate, and the Senate receded from only one honorable peace might be worked out around the conference table. If this war continues millions of women and children will be starved minor amendment. As only a small amount is involved, I by the blockades, millions of men slaughtered at the front, and ask unanimous consent that the report be considered and billions of taxpayers' dollars will be squandered. While such a fire adopted. rages no one's peace will be safe. Neutral states all over the world are looking to our great Presi­ There being no objection, the report was read, considered, dent to lead another effort for peace. and agreed to, as follows: The best insurance for keeping America out of the European war will be to stop that war now. The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two The VICE PRESIDENT. The resolution Will be referred to the Com­ House~ on the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 8913) mittee on Foreign Relations. 7822 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 10 Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. On October 4 my resolution them to declare an armistice. Peace would bring a general de­ lirium of joy, a universal escape from fear, terror, horror, despair, said, among other things: and material and spiritual misery and devastation. The time is auspicious for the United States to use its best THE FUNDAMENTAL WAR AIMS efforts to promote an immediate armistice in the war now being The time is too short to sketch here the war alms of the bellig­ waged in Europe. erents. But at the risk of seeming to make it all too simple, l Mr. President, peace is always in order. Why not stop shall state the fundamental causes of the war as follows: Germany and Italy have felt that the power and control exercised the carnage now? Why not an armistice right now? The by England and France over the commodities, raw materials, and time was never more auspicious. trade of the world subjected their countries to the unendurable In this connection, I ask that a statement made on June 1 condition that food for their people and materials and marl{ets for their industries had been throttled. Germany and Italy rearmed to before the University Club, Cleveland, Ohio, by James D. eliminate this fear that their food supplies and commerce would be Mooney, vice president, General Motors Corporation, be cut off. made a part of my remarks. Engiand and France have had a growing fear of the military There being no objection, the address was ordered to be power of Germany and Italy and a growing fear of the challenge of this power to their own security. printed in the RECORD, as follows: England and France are fighting for their lives. Germany and WAR OR PEACE IN AMERICA? Italy are fighting and striving to keep from being starved to death. I received your invitation to speak here today on my recent WAR THROWS DEMOCRACY OVERBOARD return from Europe, after an 8 months' journey in the belligerent These aims' of the belligerents, as you see, have nothing to do with countries. It occurred to me that you would like me to speak to making the world safe for democracy. Each country is strengthen­ you on the subject that is close to everybody's heartr-the Euro­ ing its governmental organization and structure in every way that pean war-with its threat of drawing America i:nto its great will insure a more efficient conduct of the war. I need hardly catastrophic whirlpool. remind you that in time of war a nation moves very rapidly in the Further, perhaps I could satisfy your interest most by discussing direction of a highly centralized form of governmentr-a dictator­ the European war in relation to the vital question, "Shall we have ship, if you want to call it thatr-for the duration of the war. The war or peace in America ?'• ordinary peacetime privileges of democracy are very quickly thrown I made my first trip abroad in 1918. I had been out of college overboard. for 10 years at that time, and away from my old Ohio home, but WE ARE DRIFTING INTO THE WAR by a spin of the old roulette wheel of life I was assigned to the The isolationists want us to stay out of the war. But during the One Hundred and Fifty-ninth Field Artillery Brigade, of the past 23 years, beginning with our declaration of war on Germany ·Eighty-fourth Division, just as this division was leaving Camp in April 1917, we have very often taken an aggressive position in Sherman, Chillicothe, Ohio, for France. world politics, and particularly in European politics. We have A year after the war was over, and by another spin of the "blown hot" and later we have "blown cold" and abandoned our roulette wheel, I went over to Europe on a business trip. And I position. have been spending half of my life over there ever since. Some of the positions we have taken, particularly in the field of During this past quarter of a century, I have had a front-row international trade and finance, have had a great deal to do with seat at the long series of political dramas that have been staged causing the impoverishment of Europe--and, in turn, the present in Europe. Naturally, I know something about European war. politics-but not enough, I warn you, to have any ready-made, We have had no compunction at all during the past 20 years pat answers to the many complicated problems over there. about playing with matches in the house of international affairs. OBSERVATIONS ON THE EUROPEAN SITUATION Now that the house is in flames, we can't run out and turn our However, my years of experience and observation in Europe and backs on the whole affair. Americans have too proud a tradition , particularly my travels throughout the belligerent countries dur­ as fighters to endure a national policy that would brand Americans ing the first 8 months of world war No. 2 make it possible for me as men who run away from anything. to present to you the following observations: Isolationism would serve our material interests best, but it is (1) The war is a colossal tragedy for Europe. probable that we cannot and will not stay out of the war. Our (2) Normal economic life in Europe is already badly disinte­ general drift at the present time is certainly not in the direction grated. of staying out. (3) During the past winter, the very first winter of the war, We are already conducting an undeclared "economic war" on the there were already millions of hungry and freezing people in Europe. countries we have identified as our potential enemies. We have (4) Europe is living and doing business on paper money. Public just embarked on a stupendous increase in our armaments. As debt is piling up in every country at a staggering rate. This rapid time goes on, the general hysteria will be increased in our country increase in debt is badly weakening the paper moneys; the "black by the war news and propaganda; a war psychosis will have been bourses" operating under cover ever~here are already placing generated, and eventually some dramatic incident will be seized heavy discounts on the nominal values of the various paper moneys upon to precipitate us into the war. of Europe. As the war goes on, we shall witness successive waves ANOTHER COURSE--<::OMPEL THE DEFINITION OF THE PEAC:&: of currency devaluations, and finally a complete collapse of the What else could America do about this colossal catastrophe that credit and currency structures of the various European countries. is degrading and destroying Europe? (5) If the war were to come to an end tomorrow, it would take I propose to you now another course open to our country. from 5 to 10 years to re-create the ordinary processes of produc­ I propose that before we accept the inevitability of the war in tion and the normal channels of distribution. Europe continuing-and the inevitability of our eventually going (6) If the war continues for another year or two, Europe is into the war-we consider another course of action for America. doomed for 20 years to far worse poverty than the present gen­ This course contemplates neither the improbable solution of "stay­ eration has suffered during the past 20 years as a consequence ing out" nor the emotional and catastrophic course of plunging of World War No. 1. immediately into the war. I propose to you that we consider the (7) The war is making a shambles of Europe. The war is creat­ possibility of using America's enormous economic and potential ing the background for increasing the millions of starving men, military strength to compel a discussion of peace. women, and children in the belligerent and neutral countries. Now that we as a nation have authorized another huge increase Hungry bellies are powerful generators of social disorder and revo­ in our national defenses, it would be extremely useful to clear the lution. If the war goes on very long, we shall have some shocking air by establishing exactly what it is that we are preparing to internal political disturbances in the various European countries. defend. (8) During my recent 8 months' experience in Europe, I did not If we intend to go to war, then we ought to publish the condi­ find a single man, from brass hat to taxi driver, who did not con­ tions that will provoke us into the war. sider the present war a colossal mistake in international politics, We ought to quit telling the world that we won't fight under and the consequence of a long series of political and economic any circuxnstances. Americans are fighters, too, and in this pre&ent blunders. situation we ought to begin immediately to discuss what we will (9) No general emotional background existed in Europe to sup­ fight for and why. If we are to fight because we crave a more port the undertaking of the war; memories and griefs from World peaceful and more orderly world, what are the conditions on which War No. 1 were still too vivid and poignant. The disillusionment a peace will be negotiated and what tenns of peace will insure this that followed the other war made people everywhere inert and more orderly world? unresponsive to the illusions and slogans projected by the propa­ In 1917, when we went over to Europe to fight, we were told ganda artists whose job it is to generate hysteria and hatred. that we were taking part in creating the basis for a brave new (10) If the war continues to gain in military momentum, there world. When our sons eventually leave for Europe -to fight, can't will ensue the slaughter of millions of men and the creation of we be more honest with them? Can't we give our sons a more millions of widows and orphans. The frightful tragedy in the sit­ definite idea of what the brave new world will be like? uation arises out of the fact tnat this colossal sacrifice will add Are we sure that our sending men and guns to Europe to help nothing valuable to human experience. Nor will the continuation shoot up the place will have anything to do with constructing of the destruction of Europe move forward one single step the a more orderly Europe? Is there still an opportunity for u s to acceptance of any political principle to enable men and nations make it plain that before we join the fight we would like to know to live in a more friendly, neighborly way with one anotl1.er. what the fight is all about and what the terms of the peace will (11) Tens of millions of families throughout Europe, men, women, be when the fighting is finished? and children are praying to God every day that He will put some America has a tremendous potential military and economic good will into the hearts of their polltical leaders and inspire strength. Before we decide suddenly to add this strength to the 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE .7823 forces that are destroying Europe, at least we ought to take one Mr. President, if we are not in danger, why has the present last good look at the possibilities of using this strength in the international situation to compel a discussion of the basis for Congress passed the largest peacetime appropriation for na­ the peace. tional defense that was ever passed, with only one dissenting_ WAR FOR AMERICANS MEANS CATASTROPHE, TOO vote in either House? If we are not in danger, why are we I have told you that the war is a colossal catastrophe for hurrying and speeding our national defense? If we are in Europe. The catastrophe there arises principally out of the eco­ danger of war, then is not the man who proposes a definite nomic disorder that existed in Europe at the outbreak of the plan to prevent that war more a champion of peace than a war and which is being spread and intensified with every day of war. man who refuses to raise a finger to prevent it? We have economic disorder in America, too. The South is stag..: Because I hate war with every atom and fiber of my being, gering under the unsolved cotton problem. Because our produc­ I do not wish to see it come to America; but if Hitler defeats tive industries in all parts of the country are strangled from one It cause or another, we have several million men still out of work. the Allies, war will come to America. is useless to close our We have slums and frightful housing conditions all over the eyes to the inevitable. Then who would be the greater country. We are continuing our drift into rising prices and champions of peace--those who tried to stop it in Europe, or inflation because of the rapid rise in our public debt. those who smoothed the way for invasion of the Western Do you think our entry into the war will do anything but make those problems a hundred times worse? Can you escape Hemisphere by misleading predictions of security for America? seeing that when our sons return from the battlefields they will If there is no danger to America, then why the unanimous be confronted by a reconstruction problem that will make the vote in the Senate for our largest peacetime appropriation? social, economic, and political disorder of the past 10 years look If there is danger, it comes from only one source, and that like a pink tea? is Nazi Germany. A NEGOTIATED PEACE WOULD BE DIFFICULT There are those who try to throw a smokescreen by saying, Negotiating a peace at this time, of course, would be extremely difficult. Peacemakers who. interpose themselves between be111ger­ "Oh, no; there is Japan"; but our status with Japan today is ents usually find themselves in the most thankless of jobs. This the same as it has been for months past. Nothing has would be particularly true in the present situation. changed that status. Then why Suddenly, immediately fol­ It is evident that a formula providing security for the English and French and removing the threat of starvation for the Germans lowing the invasion of the Low Countries, this sudden action and Italians will be very difficult to construct and make acceptable for national defense? Because the danger that threatens is to both sides. the danger from Nazi Germany. . A negotiated peace would require vast patience and persistence The threat does not come from Japan. We have our fleet to effectuate. Once accomplished, it would necessarily contain compromises on both sides that would make it subject to criticism cruising the waters between Japan and the United States. by some of the politicians in the various countries. The only fleet between the United States and Nazi Germany But all these difficulties that can be charged against a negotiated today is the allied fleet, and if that fleet falls into the hands peace can be compared with the terrors of a rough, cold sea that a of the Nazis this summer, I fear that there will be an invasion man might be challenged to jump into from a burning ship. The sea is terrible, yes; but staying on the ship means suicide. of America before snow flies. There are those who say that the Nazis would be too ex­ AMERICA CANNOT ESCAPE THE IMPACT OF THE WAR The present war in Europe is suicide for the political, economic, hausted. But is the victor exhausted? He has been strength­ and social order there. The war is dooming the present generation ened by every new country he has invaded. He has reduced in Europe and their newborn children to long years of unthinkable the men to serfdom and slavery, placed them in labor bat­ poverty and social misery. talions, and set them at work doing the manual labor, thereby That America can remain unscathed or unaffected by this ap­ palling misery of her neighbors and her blood kin in England, releasing more Germans to fight at the front. Has the Germany, France, and Italy is an absurd assumption. The war will increase of territory and supplies weakened him? On the make us suffer, too, not only in a material way but in conscience, contrary, like a beast, with every new fresh piece of meat he for such of the responsibility as rests on our shoulders for the deep. has gained strength. With new aggression his vision has underlying political and economic causes of the war. The European war fascinates us, and worries us. And we shall widened, with every new conquest, until today he is on the not sleep well as long as the war burns with a bright flame. pinnacle of success and world domination is in his mind. AMERICA'S OPPORTUNITY FOR PEACE Is he weakened after having all of the resources of these Some opportune moment will come when all of the belligerents countries at his disposal? If the Allies fail, if they should Will welcome the proposal of an armistice by a neutral country. fall tomorrow and the allied fleet should fall into Hitler's Only America with her great economic and potential military hands, could you believe that he, flushed with victory and strength can act as mediator and facilitate such a discussion of strengthened by conquest, would stop short of world domina­ peace. It will take courage and coolness to seize an opportunity to stay tion, when only one country, one democracy, stood between the destruction of Europe. I know you will join me in praying that him and domination of the world? America will not fail to accept such a challenge in behalf of peace. There are those who say, but would not the dictators fall EXPEDITION IN STRENGTHENING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE out among themselves? Can we not rely upon the old saying that thieves fall out among themselves when they go to divid­ The Senate resumed the consideration of the bill (S. 4025) ing the swag? Not until the last strong democracy has been to expedite the strengthening of the national defense. erased from the face of the earth. Then it would be too late, The VICE PRESIDENT. When the Senate took a recess so far as we were concerned. on Thursday, the pending question was the amendment Mr. President, what reason would anyone have to believe offered by the Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. LoDGE] to the that the master mind who planned the campaigns which have bill introduced by the Senator from Texas [Mr. SHEPPARD]. subjugated one country after another would not take advan­ The Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. LEE] advised the Chair this tage of finding us unprepared when the world was at his feet? morning that he desired to address the Senate. The Chair You underestimate Adolf Hitler if you think he would delay recognizes the Senator from Oklahoma. 5 years, as some say, · and give us time to strengthen our Mr. LEE. Mr. President, word has just come to me that defenses. You underestimate the man who has planned a Italy has declared war on the Allies. She waited until France blitzkrieg, you underestimate the man who has taken full was helpless. We remember that when Prometheus was advantage of the element of surprise, you have underesti­ chained to the rock and helpless, it was the vultures, and not mated the man who has sprung a new form of warfare, the the eagles, that preyed upon him. man who has invented the "fifth column,'' and knows how Mr. President, we cannot evade an unfortunate or an un­ to use it, if you think that when the world was at his feet, he pleasant thing by closing our eyes to it. I once heard of an would not take advantage of that situation. argument in which a man would not be convinced, although a Mr. ADAMS. Mr. President--- certain fact was shown to him by an experiment; but he closed The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from his eyes tightly and shook his head and said, "I do not see." Oklahoma yield to the Senator from Colorado? There are none so blind or deaf as those who, having eyes, Mr. LEE. I yield. see not, and those who, having ears, hear not what they do Mr. ADAMS. Does not the Senator think he himself is not wish to see and do not wish to hear. underestimating the intelligence of Hitler when he assumes CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 10 that Hitler would presume that he could cross the Atlantic saying that the British Fleet would never fall into the hands and do those things which he has been able to do merely of Adolf Hitler. Of course, we are glad to hear the Prime across a neighboring border? Does not the Senator think Minister, Winston Churchill, say that the fleet would never Hitler would be smart, and would not for a moment think fall into the hands of the Nazis, and we want to believe that. of endeavoring to take his tanks across the Atlantic, to a But circumstances change men. We could not have con­ land where he was certain to meet defeat? In my own vinced anyone in this country a month ago that King Leopold, judgment, Hitler could not land a regiment on American of Belgium, would ever have surrendered the Belgian Army soil, even in our present unprepared state, and keep it here when he was still fighting on Belgian soil. But he did. When for 3 days. · he was surrounded by charred earth and blackened walls; Mr. LEE. Mr. President, I could not doubt the patriotism when he smelled the odor of the decomposing bodies of his of any Member of this body, nor would I doubt the sin­ loved ones; when he saw in the streets children scarred and cerity of any Member of this body, and I have the highest burned and dying and wounded and bleeding; when he saw and most friendly regard for the Senator from Colorado. his own soldiers fighting with their naked hands against steel But the United States has today 280,000 soldiers, who are and iron-he said, "What is the use of further resistance not fresh from battle, who are not seasoned, who are not with the consequent sacrifice of life? I give up." Who knows experienced in the modern methods of warfare. How long what Churchill and England would say-if they get a taste would they last against the hundred or more divisions who of that at home; if they see the English people lying wounded could be hurled against us? Our shore line is limitless. and dying in the streets of London; if they see the long line of We do not have so much as a popgun on the northern refugees plunging off into the water trying to get away from boundary between the United States and Canada. We do the scourge of Europe; if they see it is all hopeless; and the not have any forts on the south of us. I think the Senator United States has not sent any help-then, I ask you, why is certainly swayed by the propaganda which has flooded should they save the British Navy for the benefit of the this country, propaganda intended to put the American United States when they could, by sw·rendering it, purchase people to sleep to the danger. the lives of their people? There are a number of slogans which have been used Mr. President, there are those who I cannot say are any in this country, which have been worth and are worth less sincere than I, who believe that we could still maintain more to Hitler's "fifth column" in the United States than the Monroe Doctrine if Hitler defeats the Allies. I do not some of the most modern inventions are worth to his know what process of reasoning causes them to believe that blitzkrieg in Europe. There is the slogan, "You are trying we, with only a one-ocean Navy, could still maintain the to get us into war." That is worth as much :to Hitler's Monroe Doctrine. "fifth column" in the United States as his dive bombers are Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President- worth to the blitzkrieg. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from There is that other expression, "There is no danger to Oklahoma yield to the Senator from Texas? America." That is worth as much to Hitler's "fifth col­ Mr. LEE. I yield. umn," in putting the people to sleep today, as the big tanks Mr. CONNALLY. I suppose the Senator from Oklahoma which rumble on, carrying his line closer and closer to Paris. is aware of the fact-and if not I wish to call his attention There is another slogan, "War hysteria," used in order to to the fact-that the Senate Committee on Foreign Rela­ disarm the man who would shout a signal of danger. When tions last Wednesday reported favorably to the Senate a Paul Revere on his horse flashed through the countryside joint resolution announcing that the Government of the and yelled "Arm! Arm! Danger is coming!" suppose some­ United States will not tolerate the transfer of title of any one had said, "He is a warmonger" or "He has war hysteria. · territory in the Western Hemisphere by any non-American We are safe and secure." power to any other non-American power, and that we pledge Thank goodness we do have the oceans. They do form a our national faith and our national resources to that end. kind of insulation, but that insulation gets thinner with In short, the joint resolution provides that we will not allow every new invention. Today the oceans are all too small. the transfer of title, either by way of conquest, or by any But that is not altogether the danger point. other legal means, of any possession of the British, or of the Now I wish to continue with my line of thought. Dutch, or of the French Governments, or of any other gov­ Mr. MINTON. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? ernment in any portion of the Western Hemisphere-Ber­ Mr. LEE. I yield. muda, Canada, Greenland, the West Indies, or in the Central Mr. MINTON. The Senator from Colorado says that there or South American countries. is a great leader in Germany today, and that if he landed a I thought the Senator from Oklahoma might be glad to be regiment of men on the shores of the United States today it advised of that action on the part of the Senate Foreign would not last here 2 or 3 days; that he could not get any Relations Committee. soldiers over here. I suggest to the Senator from Colorado Mr. LEE. Mr. President, I appreciate that statement. that all Hitler would have to do would be to dispose of our Although not a member of the Foreign Relations Committee. fleet, and then he could land just as many regiments on the I was a visitor at the meeting at which the committee favor­ shores of America as he wanted to land. He would not have ably reported that joint resolution. Of course that is fine, to land them in the United States. He could land them in but to make an announcement and to be able to enforce it Canada or Mexico, and they could not be kept out of the are two different things. Naturally I would do everything United States. and will do everything to maintain that doctrine, but let us Mr. LEE. That is correct. be realists. Let us make the most optimistic supposition that Mr. MINTON. From those points he could come into the we could make if Hitler defeats the Allies, and that is that United States with as much force as he could muster, with Hitler would not immediately attack the United States. notll.Jng to prevent him from bringing them over, because our That is the most optimistic supposition that can be made. fieet would have been disposed of. That is the only thing What would he do? He would immediately establish trade one has to suppose to believe us in real danger-that is, that relations with South American countries and proceed to our fleet would be disposed of. establish military bases there. Mr. LEE. One ship scuttled in the Panama Canal would I have before me newspaper clippings which I shall place mean that our fleet would be bottled up in the Pacific and in the RECORD, which show that Hitler has already shipped unable to reach the Atlantic for a number of weeks, and there arms to his legions in South America, where he has plenty would be nothing to prevent Hitler landing his troops at any of them, and I intend to prove that before I shall conclude; port he chose to use. No one could stop him. Let us take the most optimistic supposition, that he would Mr. President, I wish to refer to the question of the fl eet not immediately attack America, but that he would establish falling into Hitler's hands. I have even heard some quote bases in South America. I want Senators to know that if three American admirals-American admirals, mind you-as today there was flashed over the radio the news that the 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SE.NATE 7825 Allies had surrendered, there would be uprisings all over Our Department of State finds the situation so serious South America and in Mexico, by "fifth columnists," in places that at the present time two warships are on their way to least suspected and to a greater extent than anyone has yet those South American countries. dreamed. I wish to read now from an article which appeared under There are colonies in countries to the south of us made up the headline of Montevideo, Uruguay, May 31. The head­ entirely of Germans. The Germans for 5 years have been ing is: active in infiltrating Nazis in Mexico. A friend of mine who Latin-American "Fifth Column"-Uruguay Uncovers Nazi Party­ just returned from Mexico said that he saw with his own United States Cruiser Speeds South. eyes Nazi officers in charge of German troops in Mexico. Since this article was published another cruiser has been There would be an immediate response there to an announce­ ordered to South America. ment of victory by Hitler, and he would have an easy time, so far as the establishment of a base in Mexico is concerned. Montevideo raids reveal penetration by organized branch. Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I was interested in the state­ The first part of the article is as follows: ment which the Senator just made, which I think probably Uruguayan investigation of ''fifth column" activities is disclos­ contained an inadvertent statement, that I want to have ing almost unbelievable Nazi political penetration into South America. cleared up. The Senator said a friend of his had seen Nazi Conclusive evidence has been accumulated by police raids and German officers in charge of German troops in Mexico. other investigation methods showing that the Nazi Party has estab­ Mr. LEE. No; Mexican troops. lished a perfectly organized branch of the party in Uruguay known Mr. HATCH. I thought that was what the Senator meant as the Uruguayan District Group of the German Nationalist Social­ ist Party. It is under the leadership of a "Little Fuehrer" and to say. acknowledges dependence on and allegiance to the Nazi Party in Mr. LEE. I thank the Senator from New Mexico for cor­ Germany. recting me. Diplomatic and other observers consider the Uruguayan Govern­ ment's investigation of the utmost historical importance because I now wish to read just a few of the news releases--not it is uncovering details of Nazi methods throughout Latin and imaginings, not theoretical discussions, but news stories, tell­ South America. Argentina's investigation last year showed that ing of the ''fifth column" and its activities in these Latin­ Germans there had organized as the ·Argentine District Group Party. American countries. I shall read just a paragraph from the Newspapers of several other republics, including Chile, Colom­ Washington Merry-Go-Round, written by Pearson and Allen. bia, and Bolivia, have charged that there are similar organizations Mr. Leon Pearson, brother of Drew Pearson, has just re­ in their countries. Latin-American diplomats here, therefore, are turned from a 10-day trip south of the border. This story informing their governments that details of Nazi operations in Uruguay are indicative of what can be expected in all other South followed upon his return: and Central American nations. The problem of protecting the Monroe Doctrine has undergone intensive nights of study of late around the State, War, and Navy That was under the date line of May 31. Departments. Nobody is exactly predicting Hitler will invade South Here is a later one, under the date line of June 4, headed: America this year, but nobody expected him to invade Norway British Plotting To Sabotage Panama Canal, Berlin Says. either. And the British, 1 year ago, didn't expect to be invaded at all and did not very well prepare for it. I have noticed that the Nazis always preface their activi­ So United States strategists, not knowing what Hitler, in the full ties by a well-prepared campaign, so that if they do some­ ftush of victory, might do, are endeavoring to be prepared. On the maps of South America hung in Government offices these thing nefarious they will already have laid the blame on the days are two danger spots. One is Brazil, the other Uruguay. Allies. Other spots are bad, but these two have the largest number of [From the Washington Times-Herald of June 4, 1940] Nazi sympathizers and "fifth column" plotters. BRITISH PLOTTING To SABOTAGE PANAMA CANAL, BERLIN SAYS Here is what a man said who just returned from down BERLIN, June 4.-Germany has formally warned the United in that part of the country. I do not know whether he was States, Mexican, and Panamanian Governments of British plots on their soil, including an alleged plan of the British secret service in Uruguay or not, but I know he was south of the border: to sabotage the Panama Canal, the official D. N. B. agency said Uruguay is simply honeycombed with Nazi agents. There are last night. also strong German colonies in southern Brazil, and even in Buenos Germany also warned the United· States of alleged British plots Aires. In Argentina, the older army officers are strongly pro­ to destroy two American refugee rescue ships, now on the high German, having been trained by a German officer. In Brazil, the seas, and advised Washington to take all necessary measures to younger army officers are pro-Nazi. frustrate Britain's purported efforts to whip up American anger Particularly worrisome is the fate of these countries with Italy against Germany. 1n the war. There are at least 2,000,000 Italians in Argentina-or The new charges of a dastardly plot by British Prime Minister about one-fifth of the population. Also there are large Italian Winston Churchill to sink the refugee-laden United States liner colonies i~ Uruguay and Brazil. President Roosevelt, now en route from Galway, Ireland, to New York, were made to apply also to the steamer Washington, en Mr. President, what will be the effect on them now that rout e to Bordeaux, France. Italy has entered into the war against the Allies? Do Sen­ The D. N. B. statement last night said the German Government ators think it would be difficult now for the Nazis to land has informed the Governments of the United St ates, Mexico, and Panama that it has received reports from reliable sources that the ti"oops on the South American continent? How could we, with British secret service has sent a great n.umber of provocative one navY against their combined. navies, continue to carry agents to Central America, mainly Mexico and Panama. out the Monroe Doctrine and protect South America from the Nazi on the outside and from the "fifth column" on the So, we may expect sabotage there from the Nazis, who inside? have already announced that it is going to be done, and have attempted to lay the blame on the Allies. The article continues: Here is another of the same date, June 4, headed "Pro­ Chief undercover strategy of these racial groups is to overthrow the present governments in South America, in favor of puppet gov­ Nazi paper startles Mexico-Charges Allies plot United States ernments friendly to the Nazi-Fascist cause. Then these puppet domination": governments could renounce the Monroe Doctrine and invite Hit­ [From the Washington Times-Herald of June 4, 1940] ler to the Western Hemisphere. PRO-NAZI PAPER STARTLES MEXICo--cHARGES ALLIES PLOT UNITED STATES I wish to say that the latest wave of propaganda that is DOMINATION now flooding South America is to get the South Americans to MEXIco CITY, June 4.-The frankest pro-German publication seen 1n Mexico since the war began was the initial edition of the news­ start complaining about the yoke of United States imperialism paper Diaro Aleman (German daily) which appeared suddenly on and to start hollering that they should throw it off. That the streets last night without advance fanfare. is the latest effort of the propaganda machine of Nazi Ger­ "This is a newspaper of war • • • to give the truth of the situation," said the leading editorial. many in the countries to the south of us. The editorial then warned that Allied propaganda was designed New aviation aids, enlarging of airports, tra.ining of pilots, and to Involve Mexico in a "war of compromises" the result of which even the cooperation of the United States fleet 1n using Brazilian would be United States domination of Mexico. harbors are now under discussion to bolster the present pro-Allied "Because we believe that Spanish America has a different des­ governments of South America. tiny from the United States, we affirm that in this war Spanish .7826 CON_GRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 10 America should remain in the same independent situation a.s enjoys liberty and freedom. Therefore, in every case in which always when it has been able to decide its own destiny," the editorial said. a democracy faces a crisis, the democracy must temporarily The newspaper listed Teodoro Schumaker as director. resolve itself into a dictatorship in order. to be in a fair way to compete with the more efficient dictator, one-man, strong, Here is another, under date of June 6, with the title: "Latin centralized organization represented by a totalitarian gov­ American Nazis May Act. Official Circles Fear German Vic­ ernment. That is what we have to look forward to in the tory May Cause Uprising": future. There would be no more happiness and liberty in [From the Washington Post ?f June 6, 1940] America. We should have to guard the Canadian border. LATIN AMERICAN NAZIS MAY ACl'-:-OFFICIAL CIRCLES FEAR GERMAN VICTORY We should have to guard the Mexican border. We should MAY CAUSE UPRISING. have to guard both seaboards. In addition, we should live (By John G. Norris) in a state of perpetual fear and terror, just as the poor little Serious prospect of Nazi uprisings in Latin America should Ger­ many win a quick victory over the Allies worried official circles last democracies in Europe have lived for the past 5 years. night as Congress prepared to take a firm stand against any total­ That is the most optimistic future we could look for. I itarian inroads in the Western Hemisphere. do not believe we would even be permitted that much. \Ve Confidential reports reaching this Government, it was stated authoritatively, indicate that a burst of Nazi agitation may be ex­ underestimate Hitler if we do not think he would strike while pected in the event the German drive on Paris is successful. These we are unprepared, which would mean total war for the sources revealed that Berlin is making deliveries of field guns, United States. I say to those who think they are champions machine guns, and other military equipment to Brazil, despite the of peace that America has only one chance of escaping total great demands of her own Army. • • • • war, and that is an Allied victory. The only chance to Are we to believe facts, or are we to go back to sleep under continue peace and security in America is to stop Hitler in the chloroform of believing that we are perfectly safe? Mr. Europe. President, I believe the time has come to look with suspicion 'There are those who unconsciously use the very weapons of ' on those who would discount the danger which threatens "fifth columnists"; and the more sincere they are, the America. The time has come to look doubtfully upon the more effective the weapons. patriotism of those who would put us to sleep in the face of Let me give a few examples of the many little ways in danger. As I have said before, in the case of Samson and which we can be weakened by those who bore from within. Delilah, Delilah was as much an enemy of Samson as were I wish to read from the column Over the Coffee, by Harlan the Phillistines, who pounced upon him after she had soothed Miller. The heading is "The Trojan Horselaugh." This is him to sleep with such words as, "Big, strong Samson. No- a description of a "fifth columnist" as he plans his day while t body can hurt you, because you are so big and strong." shaving and waxing his moustache. This is his conversation , Samson went to sleep, and was awakened when the· Phillis­ with himself, as he meditates to himself: · ! tines pounced upon him. Are we to go to sleep under the [From the Washington Post of June 6, 1940] chloroform that America is so big and strong and the two OVER THE COFFEE-THE TROJAN HORSELAUGH oceans are so wide that we are in no danger? (By Harlan Miller) Are we to believe these Associated Press stories-not one, (A "fifth columnist" plans his day while sbaving and waxing his not two, not three, but more and more-enough to cause the mustache.) Ach, nobody knows what troubles a "fifth columnist" has ' State Department, which has officials located in those coun­ got. • • • Those wise guys think it's all fun and excitement tries, to send two battleships there? like blowing up powder plants. • • • But it's the little things The next item is from the Washington Post of June 7, 1940: that count, like throwing a dead cat in a reservoir or making fun of democracy at a cocktail party. ANTI-UNITED STATES AGITATION MOUNTS IN MExiCO Let me see. • • • At breakfast I must ask the waiter if CoATEPEC, MEXICO, June 6.-Hundreds of anti-American pamphlets Roosevelt will send his son to the trenches. • • Right away were circulated today in this section of Vera Cruz State attacking I must write a letter to the paper calling William Allen White· a United States foreign policy and describing the Monroe Doctrine warmonger. • • • And I shall ask the taxi driver if he wants as a "shameful guardianship." to fight for King George. Addressed to "Mexicans," the pamphlets, after warmly praising the Today my quota of anonymous letters denouncing pro-Ally col­ feats of the German Army, concluded with the following appeal: umnists is 10. • • • And I must sign a petition with 100 names "Long live Mexico, free, great, and powerful, with her States of to the White House denouncing the sale of airplanes to France. Texas, California, Arizona, Colorado, and the segment of Chamizal. • • • With the Irish cop I'll joke about how funny it is if Hitler Long live the German people, and welcome to the Italian people." invades England by way of Ireland; no, Eire. MEXICO TO TAKE STEPS If I could only do something big, like yelling fire in a Belgian relief mass meeting. • • • But I can send to the preacher some MEXIco CITY, June 6.-Informed sources reported tonight that an a:rticles about the Polish atrocities against the Germans. • • • extraordinary session of the Mexican Congress would be called this And I'll mail out five pictures of Der Fuehrer kissing a baby. • • • month to con~der legislation for controlling the movements of foreigners, for r t:} gulating the possession of arms, and for strength­ I must call President Conant of Harvard a warmonger, too. At lunch at the club it will be well if I say learnedly that with ening the Republic's army and navy. Europe it's just power politics, better we stay out. That impresses President Cardenas is trying as best he can to keep down 'em. If I run into one of those sidewalk broadcasts maybe I can subversive activities; but what would be the result of news yell "Hell Hitler!" into the "mike." Also I must call Senator AusTIN a warmonger. of a Nazi victory irt Europe? The Nazis would overrun Mex­ Also I must dictate letters to all our Congressmen complaining ico and Uruguay. Does anyone think we could then main­ about so much money for defense; where's all the money going? tain the Monroe Doctrine in the face of such a situation, And I must send in 10 names today to the German Library of In­ formation to be sent the Facts in Review magazine, so sweet about with only one navy against the combined navies of Europe, Der Fuehrer. And I must call Senator KING a warmonger. which would be under the control of the Nazis? Today I mustn't forget to tell all the Protestants I know it's a. As I say, the most optimistic thing we could hope for would shame America sends an envoy to the Pope. And the Catholics I be to keep our Navy close to shore and then start the most must tell it's a shame the way Roosevelt won't let Farley be Presi­ dent. Must make some wisecrack in the elevator about Corcoran unheard-of system of taxation America has ever known i~ and Cohen, too. General Pershing, too, I'd better call a warmonger. order to raise enough money to build a concrete wall around When the parachutists come I can show 'em where to dynamite America and place all our ammunition dumps and fortifica­ the pumping station and the phone exchange. Acl1, what if they -never come? But now I can leaye always the water running and tions underground. We should have to spend all we could leave the telephones off the hook, maybe it causes a lit tle trouble. rake and scl"ape for the rest of our lives; and who knows what It's a good idea to call Nicholas Murray Butler a warmonger also. our children would inherit? Yes; and I must write an indignant letter to Senator BYRNES for calling Lindy the lone ostrich. Soon I need to learn more about That would not be the only result. The whole philosophy machinery so I'll know where to throw the monkeywrench. Could and outlook of America would be changed. There would be I have the nerve to ask the orchestra to play the Horst Wessel song no more freedom in America. We should have to submit to in a night club? Have I remembered to call Roosevelt a warmonger? self-discipline and the strictest form of regimentation, be­ If I drop into a radio forum maybe I can get near a microphone and heckle the patriots about war profits and maybe call Hull a cause when democracy comes to grips with despotism, democ­ warmonger. It's time I send over more lists of Americans with racy is at a disadvantage, because she is loose-jointed and relatives in Europe who might be persuaded to help the cause. 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE .7827 It's time I send another $100 to the Pagan Front or the Aluminum the policy all democracies want-a policy of brotherly love, Shirts and collect $200 on my expense account. H I could only arrange to make a speech in the high school how mean the British peace on earth, good will toward men-but such a policy can­ were at Bunker Hill. I must call Wendell Willkie a warmonger not prevail when there is a wild beast at large who considers before I go to bed. not whether an act is right or wrong, but the only question he Mr. President, with regard to stirring up prejudice against asks himself is, "Am I strong enough to ·take it?" and on that the British and against the French, I heard last night on the basis makes the decision. radio as good an example as could be found. I heard an ap­ There are those who are afraid we would offend Adolf peal to prejudice against General Pershing because he had Hitler and•that if he breaks through he would make war been knighted by the King of England; I heard an effort to on us. Do you think, Mr. President, he ever decided any of appeal to prejudice by the use of the word "American" in the questions of invasion on the basis of whether or not he reference to the Revolutionary War. We could come later liked a country? He had only two things to decide-namely, down in history than that and find how the South fought whether he wanted it, and second, whether he was strong against the North. We could stir up that old prejudice. But enough to take it. that is not an argument and has nothing to do with the ques­ Did the Sudetens offend anybody? Certainly not. What tion which confronts America today. Those questions have was the sin of the Czechoslovaks? What offense had the been settled, and settled with blood, it is true; but the policies Poles committed? What was the crime of Denmark and of nations differ as time goes on. We cannot go back. If we Norway? What did the little countries of tulips and poppies go back into history, our own escutcheon is none too white. do? We see the unholy day when the ugly and monstrous We could point to our taking this country from the Indians. theory and the philosophy that "might makes right" has I could tell the story of the trail of tears that ma:rked the returned to the throne. That is the only basis of Hitler's way of the red men from Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, the decisions. Carolinas, Tennessee, and Florida, to settle in Oklahoma. · Do you think, Mr. President, any one of those neutral That is not a pretty picture in our own record, but that has nations, even though they practiced neutrality at great cost nothing to do with the question that_confronts America to­ to themselves, has purchased by its neutrality one bit of day. The question today is one of importance to all. Today immunity from the greeQ. and wrath of Adolf Hitler? Not democracy is at grips with despotism; the odds are in favor one. Would you expect more for America? of despotism, and we are not doing enough to help the cause Mr. President, our people are alert to this situation. I have of democracy nor doing it fast enough. some telegrams, only a few of which I desire to read, though I have others. I shall read some that are representative. Mr. President, the situation is not the same as that which These telegrams did not come as the result of a sponsored prevailed in 1917. Our people are more informed. than they campaign; they were not inspired by some organized group; were then. Every family has been glued to the radio ever . they are the spontaneous appeals of some of the citizens of since the Nazi juggernaut started its black road across the the United States who have followed this tragedy. Here is land of tulips and poppies, and they know every step that one from Oklahoma City: has been taken in this war. They know our own inability to In God's name for the sake of humanity and to save civilization stop the Nazis if they broke through that thin line over there. from the savage thrusts of atheistic barbarism, we beseech you to I heard the argument advanced last night on the radio that take immediate steps to have our Government send to the allies · we are inconsistent in asking that planes and tanks and at once every available airplane, whatever arms, ammunition, and supplies of all sorts that we are in position to furnish, Without guns be sent to the Allies when we realize we do not have raising the question of financial remuneration. Also that every sufficient for ourselves. On the contrary, I think it is most public official be requested to forget political ambitions and self­ consistent to pool our national-defense methods and thereby seeking; that Congress remain in continued session during this make them stronger. ou·rs alone are not sufficient. If crisis; that all dilly-dallying with regard to our defense program be stopped, and that the administration adopt a firm policy re­ danger threatens America, that danger is Nazi Germany; if garding capital and organized labor, to the end that no thought of Hitler could be stopped, the danger would disappear, Con­ a strike be tolerated. We are opposed to sending an Army to Eu­ gress would adjourn, and we would stop our national-defense rope now or in the future, but favor putting our material resources program. at the command of the allies. Yes; it is argued that we should not send the Allies any This is signed by the pastor and every deacon of one of the help because it would be stripping us. What we have got great churches of Oklahoma, Trinity Baptist Church of Okla­ would not be a breakfast spell for that "blitzkrieg," but, taken homa City, signed by Rev. W. B. Harvey, and his deacon. together, what we have added to what they have, might be Are they warmongers? Are they stirred up by war hys­ enough to turn the tide; at least, it would give us more time teria? Certainly they are stirred up. So is everybody who to get the old Yankee ingenuity busy. We can use it if we knows what the facts are. can get the time, and time is our bitter enemy today. Then Let me read some more telegrams. Here is one from let us send what we can possibly spare and add it to what Bristow, Okla:: they have. Thereby multiplying our own defense by many­ Representatives of the people of Bristow met and adopted the fold. One plane sent to the Allies now would be worth five following recommendations for transmittal to their national repre­ sentatives: planes without any Allies. "We request all Representatives to remain in Washington With One time I visited an insane asylum and I saw a large Congress in session until an adequate defense program has been group of the inmates with only one guard over them. I said written into law and until the present emergency has entirely passed. . to the doctor who superintended the asylum, "Doctor, if all "We recommend that a policy of paying as you go for this pro­ these men ever get together they can overpower that guard." gram be enacted as far as practicable. He replied, "But they do not get together; that is one of the "We recommend that all red tape be cut in providing as speedily first proofs of insanity-lack of cooperation-not pooling as possible needed supplies of war for England and France. "We recommend that the principle of military training be estab­ their interests, not pooling their strength." lished in the C. C. C. camps immediately. The nations that have already been invaded and today "We recommend that the President be empowered to call out are in a condition worse than bondage could have crushed National Guard and Reserve omcer personnel as the interests of the Nation may require.'' Hitler, but they did not pool their defenses. If England had ROY KELLY, been prepared there never would have been a Munich; if President, Chamber of Commerce. England had as many airplanes as Nazi Germany there would Are these persons warmongers? Are they trying to lead never have been an invasion of Poland. I cannot sit in judg­ this country into war? ment on Neville Chamberlain-! think he was wrong, I think The next telegram is from an individual whom I know, an he was the victim of German propaganda which put him upstanding man: to sleep-but I will tell you, Mr. President, where the trouble OKLAHOMA CITY. started. It started under Ramsay MacDonald-and I am not Great majority of people in Oklahoma favor furnishing England and France their needed munition requirements, realizing that if criticizing him unduly-when he launched the policy of they are destroyed in the present conflict our future is hopeless. "hands across the sea." That is the policy we want; that is Isolationist and pacifist are no more. 7828 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 10 Here is another telegram, from Robert J. Scott, one of the foreign or domestic, inside or out. I would violate the trust ~ businessmen in Oklahoma City, one of the pioneers who I took when I went before the people of Oklahoma and made helped build that city. He telegraphs as follows: my campaign on a platform of "Keep America Out of Am convinced vast majority of patriotic Americans strongly War." A change of circumstances now makes it necessary ' favor immediate short-of-war assistance to the Allies. Can you for us to arm, and arm fast, to be able "to keep war out not support Senators PEPPER and GUFFEY? of America." Here is a telegram from Weatherford, Okla., from the I believe the best way to increase the armed force of ' Rotary Club there. Weatherford is a little town in western America, the best way to arm America today, is to add Oklahoma made up mostly of pioneers who weathered the what arms we have to those which the Allies have, to pool , drought of lean years in order that they might have what they our national defense, because the enemy is a common enemy. have there: Our flotilla of battleships stands between us and Japan, but We are sincerely and completely supporting the program to arm the only fleet between us and the Nazis is the British fleet; the United States for whatever may come. We urge orders, speed, and if that fleet falls into the hands of the Nazis, do you and mass production of planes, tanks, guns, and weapons of think that we could escape war? warfare. Cut the red tape. Cut out politics. Keep Congress in I am pleading with America today that we throw our session. Quick material aid to Allies vital. national defense into high gear. We think we are moving Here is another telegram from Oklahoma City, from Mr~ fast. We hear on every hand that we are doing all we can, and Mrs. D. W. Collins: but we are not. England hit the same stride. England took We heartily approve Senator PEPPER'S resolution urging imme­ it easy. England went to the races. England attended the diate aid to the European Allies and commend your courage and night clubs. England attended the fashionable restaurants. speech in behalf of the measure. Your Oklahoma friends urge you to use your best efforts for speedy passage by the Congress England continued business as usual. England kept saying of this measure. she was putting her factories on a war basis as fast as she could, but she was not. Then came the invasion of Norway Here is a telegram from Mr. H. Lee Benefield, Mr. Guy and England speeded up a little more, but not as fast as she Postelle, and Dr. Postelle, from Oklahoma City: .Could have. She was not doing . anything really effective. DEAR JosH: Power to you. Keep it up. Make it strong. You Then came the invasion of the Low Countries, and then came can do it. Better help do it now than do it later by ourselves. the tragedy in which the Germans bottled up the British and Here is a telegram from Mr. Ed B. Galloway, of Oklahoma captured the very essence of British national defense, and City, a friend of mine: only the most heroic and most courageous and most thrilling As a World War veteran, I urge you to use your influence to military maneuver in all history, the evacuation of the help the Allies. As far remote as Oklahoma the forces of this Netherlands and Belgium, saved the British from complete paranoiac maniac are appalling. It is imperative that Congress stay intact to combat with legal military advice. destruction then and there. What would England give today for 1 week of the time she I suppose he means to cooperate with the military wasted as we are wasting our time now? What would she authorities. give? It is a question of hours. It is a question of minutes. Here is a telegram from Ardmore, Okla., from Mr. C. P. Even today Mussolini, with the knife of Fascismo in his Hollingsworth: hand, waiting until he saw France was helpless, drove it into Urge your support Pepper plan aid to Allies. Hypocrisy of neu­ her helpless back. That finishes France. How long can she trality should cease. Resulting disaster of German victory could hold out? The British and French have been holding the only be attributed to gross stupidity American people and their teaders. line. We are dilly-dallying today. Our factories are not on a 24-hour basis. We are not mobilizing. We even hear per­ Here is a telegram from Mr. and Mrs. Bert A. Bourne, sons gambling with the destiny of America by trying to play Stella M. Crokett, and Mr. and Mrs. B. H. Markwell, of politics and accuse us of not having armed. The one man in Oklahoma City: - America who has been pleading with America to get ready has We urge immediate orders for planes, immediate armaments to been Franklin D. Roosevelt. The one man who has seen this Allies, new Secretary of War and Labor, cut in Government ex­ thing all the time was Roosevelt. He said in his speech at pense. Chicago that we should quarantine the aggressors. The Na­ That is what some of the people are saying; and they are tion jumped all over him, and he backed away. not warmongers. Every time he sent a message to the Congress asking us Mr. President, I dare say the senders of most of these for an appropriation for an increased Navy all over this telegrams, like myself, have young sons. I have a son who country the "fifth columns" began to carp, "Warmonger! ' will soon be of military age. Do you think I am trying to He is leading us into war." Every time he asked for na­ lead America into war? I believe I have raised my voice tional-defense appropriations they said, "He is leading us in public utterances for peace as often as has any other into war." 1 man in the United States. I believe in it, and I hate war The President alone saw what was coming. He wants a 1 with every atom of my being. I believe the only chance good-neighbor policy, as I do, and as my colleagues do, but America has to evade total war is that Hitler be stopped in we can only have it when the other nations abide by the Europe. It is not a question of peace on one side or war same rules by which we abide. So the President called on the other; it is a question of which one will reduce the several leaders to the White House for a nonpartisan con­ chances of destruction of this country to a greater degree. ference and he said that we should revise our neutrality law I was 10 months in France in the World War. I did not so that the Allies can buy planes here and carry them across see active service. I guarded some of the prisoners the the ocean in their own ships. As soon as he said that, all other boys took; but I was so close to the war that I got over this country arose a hue and cry, "Roosevelt is going the spirit of it, and I talked to those who did see it, and I to get us into war. He is trying to get us into war." saw them as they came back. I have seen them since they On the floor of the Senate we heard the idea of there going came back. I have visited them in the hospitals. I have to be a war in Europe ridiculed. We even heard some in heard the hoarse whisper of a gassed lung. I have seen high places say that there was not going to be any war. I the wheel chairs go rolling up and down the hospital aisles. have inside information. There is not going to be any war. I have seen the courageous but broken-hearted Gold Star We heard others make fun of the possibility of war. mothers. I do not want to see any more of that sort cf We heard one person on the floor of the Senate refer to thing that can possibly be helped. If I did not speak and the little neutral countries, and he said that Denmark, act as I am doing to prevent that from coming to America Norway, and Sweden have maintained their neutrality down on the scale of total war, I would violate the oath I through the years, and they have kept out of war, and that took when I stood on that rostrum and held up my hand they are not going to get into this war. At the very moment, and said that I would guard America against its enemies, the very hour, when that sentence was being uttered on the 1940 CON_GRESSIONAL . RECORD-SENATE 7829 floor of the Senate, the "fifth columns" were leading the . history of civilization. Even as I stand here a new country, hordes of Germany into the capitals of ·Denmark and Italy, has entered into the world war on the side of Ger­ Norway. . many, fighting France and Great Britain. It is said now, "They are trying to get us into war." That From my own small and brief contact with the fighting is the battle cry of the "fifth column." Men are called in the last war I can visualize to some degree the terrific "warmongers." That is the battle cry of Nazi Germany. conflict which is now taking place along the Seine, the I say, defend yourself, America. The best way to defend Somme, and the Aisne Rivers in France, as well as along ourselves is to add our strength to the strength of the Allies. the regular Magioot Line. There millions of m-en are Let us pool our strength. If the countries which have been facing each other, and every second that passes means the overrun had joined shoulder to shoulder they could have end of the lives of a great many of those engaged. That crushed the juggernaut. They did not do it. They wanted is a tragedy in itself. Today we are wondering where this to wait and see what happened. Now we are waiting to see. tide of war will finally flow before it begins to ebb. We do Our friends who are holding the line are being struck down. not know who the victor or the vanquished will be. We do Every time a French soldier goes down in battle, there is not know to what extent the war will spread. We do not one less soldier left between us and Nazi Germany, and know how long it will last. But we do know that the America is one soldier closer to war than she has been in United States of America is pitifully, shamefully, tragically 20 years. Every time one of the eagles of the Royal Air unprepared to play its role even in the defense of our own Force falls out of the sky, one more defender of democracy shores. and liberty has fallen, and the menace is that much closer We have a good Navy on the sea and beneath the sea, but to America. we are poorly prepared with respect to our Navy in the air. They have called on us. They have begged us. Churchill We are even more tragically unprepared on land, where over the radio said it was heartbreaking to see men fighting our Army must defend our interests, and in our land againSt steel and iron with nothing but flesh and blood, and aviation. the War Minister, Anthony Eden, took the radio. and said, Now that we are face to face with the actual emergency­ "We need guns. We need ammunition. We need tanks. not last year, or 2 years, or 3 years, or 4 years, or 5 years We need planes." · ago, but now-when we are actually face to face with the Come on America! Allied the voices call emergency-the whole country, the whole Congress is de- For by your aid . manding that overnight this country be placed in a state No longer stayed of adequate defense. · The world will stand or fall Mr. President, I remember it was only 2 short years ago, Come on America! Your friends are standing guard. when, in the face of this gathering storm, 28 Senators in The gallant French Die in the trench this body, no doubt with the best of intentions, voted against And the British line 1::\olds hard. the naval expansion bill of 2 years ago. The newspapers Come on America! No longer halt nor wait; of the country wanted to know what country we were going The black beast's breath to fight; and why did we have to have such a Navy? So Of blight and death it always is with a democracy. A democracy must be Is now panting at our gate. brought face to face with a terrible ordeal, with a cataclysm, -(In part from Ella Wheeler Wileox<'s poem.) with a catastrophe, before the men and the women of the America, let us throw every machine in high gear, let us country, and the men and the women of the Congress, and send all the aid possible, not men, but let us send all the the men and the women of the administration can be machines to Europe we can send, and save America from galvanized into a course of action best calculated to serve total war. our needs and ultimate destiny. [Manifestations of applause in the galleries.] Mr. President, I could dwell at length on our lack of mili­ The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. CHANDLER in the chair). tary and naval preparedness, but I shall use the lack of mili­ The Chair admonishes the occupants of the galleries that tary and naval preparedness as a lesson, and speak about an­ demonstrations are not permitted. other kind of. preparedness and another enemy, if you please, Mr. TYDINGS obtained the floor. in the hope that I may arrest the attention of this body and Mr. ASHURST. Mr. President, will the Senator yield that of the country to prepare now, while there is yet time, to I may suggest the absence of a quorum? strengthen our financial flank to avoid the deluge, the catas­ Mr. TYDINGS. I yield. trophe of ruin, of poverty and misery, of pestilence and dis­ Mr. ASHURST. I suggest the absence of a quorum. ease, which are just as certain to come to our land, even if it The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll. stays out of war, as is the sun to rise in the East tomorrow The legislative clerk called the roll, and the following Sen- morning. That is why, in the fervent but perhaps vain hope ators answered to their names: that I may arrest the attention of the Nation to the terrible ordeal it must soon face, I am: at this tragic hour of world Adams Danaher La Follette Schwartz Andrews Davis Lee Schwellenbach misery and toil, tears and strife, blood and sacrifice, attempt­ Ashurst Donahey Lucas Sheppard ing in my own feeble way to be a human signpost pointing Austin Downey Lundeen Shipstead Bailey Ellender McKellar Slattery down the road to security, so that our 130,000,000 people Bankhead George McNary Slnathers may be safe from a misery which can be avoided if they and Barbour Gerry Maloney Smith the Congress have the will to avoid it. Barkley Gillette Mead Thomas, Idaho Bilbo Green Miller Thomas, Utah Yesterday I read some 10 newspapers; I have also heard Bone Guffey Minton Tobey during the last week numerous commentators on the air; I Brown Gurney MUrray Townsend have read the columns of perhaps seven or eight of our lead­ Bulow Harrison Neely Truman Burke Hatch Norris Tydings ing columnists. All have said, in commenting on the new Byrd Hayden Nye Vandenberg tax bill now being written in the House of Representatives, Byrnes Herring O'Mahoney VanNuys Capper Hill Overton Wagner that this billic:m dollars of new taxes was being raised to Caraway Holman Pepper Walsh finance national defense. What a tragedy, what a pity, what Chandler Holt Pittman Wheeler a shame that the American people are being deluded into Chavez Hughes Radcliffe White Clark, Idaho Johnson, Calif. Reed Wiley the mistaken thought that the billion dollars of new taxes will Clark, Mo. Johnson, Colo. Reynolds be used to finance our national defense. Connally King Russell Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. President, will the Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. Eighty-six Senators have -yield? answered to their names. A quorum is present. Mr. TYDINGS. I yield.- Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, I realize that I am rising Mr. CLARK of Missouri. In that connection, did the Sen­ ; here at this hour in one of the most tragic moments in the ator happen to see in any of the newspapers the statement I 7830 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 10 read in a newspaper that the new tax bill was to pay for pre­ Treasury, as do all other taxes, for all the expenses of the paredness as we go? That expression was used in a number of Government; and $1,000,000,000 a year of new taxes will not articles I have read in the newspapers. As a matter of fact, begin to pay for the cost of the Governme·nt as it has been anyone who takes the trouble to look at the figures at all run for the past 10 years, even if we do not spend a cent for knows that the amount to be raised by the proposed tax bill the Army or the Navy. will do little more than to pay the carrying charges on the Let me go further with my explanation. The average money appropriated in the last couple of weeks, and no more yearly expenditures of the Government since June, 1930; than that. have been $7,300,000,000. The average yearly income of the Mr. TYDINGS. I thank the Senator for his observation. Government from all sources during the same 10-year period However, he is withholding a part of the truth-not inten­ has been $4,600,000,000. So if we subtract what we actually tionally, of course, because his statement cannot give the took in-namely, $4,600,000,000 a year-from what we actually whole picture. I propose to show on this floor this after­ spent-namely, $7,300,000,000 a year-we have an average noon-and I challenge successful contradiction from any yearly deficit for each and every year of the past 10 years of quarter in or out of the Senate-that not a single red cent of $2,700,000,000. the $1,000,000,000 of new taxes is going to pay for the future On the chart in the recess in the wall I have enumerated defense of the country. Moreover, it will not even begin to all the amounts of money which Congress has spent for the pay for the defense of the country during the past 10 years. Army and for the Navy, including rivers and harbors and the I invite contradiction from any source whatever, because the Panama Canal. The accounts year by year are shown. What figures I shall use to support my statement are not my figures, does it all amount to? It amounts to this-that during the but are taken from the official report of the Secretary of the past 10 years the Army has cost the American taxpayer, for Treasury. every purpose, $5,940,000,000 in a 10-year period. The Navy Mr. KING. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? has cost $4,930,000,000 for all purposes in the 10-year period. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. DAVIS in the chair). Does I ask unanimous consent to have charts 2 and 3 printed in the Senator from Maryland yield to the Senator from Utah? the RECORD at this point. Mr. TYDINGS. I yield. There being no objection, the charts were ordered to be Mr. KING. It became apparent from my observations sev­ printed in the RECORD, as follows: eral months ago that we ought to increase the tax burden, heavy as it is, knowing that ordinarily we should have a CHART 2 deficit of $3,000,000,000 without increasing taxes; and more · War Department e~penditures, including rivers and harbors and Panama CanaL than 3 months ago I prepared a bill calling for one and a half Year: billion dollars of additional taxes, which I thought might go 1931------1932 ______$478,418,974 some little distance toward meeting the increased expendi­ 1933 ______477,449,816 tures which would be made for national preparation. How­ 449, 395,013 ever, I admit that one and a half billion dollars is wholly 1934------~------408,894,976 19361935------~------______489,155,454 inadequate. 618,919,108 Mr. TYDINGS. The Senator is correct. I propose with­ 1937------1938 ______628,348,231 1939 ______644,525,410 out further ado to go to the heart of the question and show 695,780,340 that the $1 ,000,000,000 of new taxes is a snare and a delusion 1940 (appropriation)------11,050,466,385 insofar as it attempts to pay even the civil costs of running 19412------1,723,961; 505 the Government without a single dollar going to the Army or Navy. 7,665,315,212 Look at the chart on the wall, which I exhibited the other day and which I ask to have inserted in the REcoRD at this CHART 3 Navy Department expenditures point. Year: Amount There being no objection, the chart was ordered to be 1931------~ ----'------$354,071,004 printed in the REcoRD, as follows: 19331932------~ ______357,617,834 1934 ______349,561,925 CHART I 1935 ______297,029,291 Deficits 436,447,860 Year: 1936------1937 ______529,031,666 1931------$462,000,000 1938 ______556,884,449 1932------2, 530,000,000 1939 ______596,278,301 1933------1,783, 000, 000 672,968,993 1934------2,895,000,000 1940 (appropriation)------1 780, 373, 011 1935______3, 210, 000,000 19412------1,302,014,038 1936------·------4,550,000,000 6,232,278,372 1937------~------3, 149, 000,000 1938------1,385,000,000 1 Expenditures not available. 1939______3,543,000,000 2 Up to May 29, 1940. 1941_1940------______,.. ______(?) 3,3,346 700,, 000000,000, 000 Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. President, Will the Senator yield? 30,553,000,000 Mr. TYDINGS. I yield. Mr. TYDINGS. This chart shows the deficit for each of Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Has the Senator any break-down the past 10 years. The deficits aggregate $30,553 ,000,000. of the table showing the War Department expenditures? It The average yearly deficit for each of the past 10 years, ending seems to me hardly fair to include in the expenditures for June 30, 1940, is $2,700,000,000. Keep that figure in mind­ the Army the expenditures which were made for rivers and $2, 700,000,000. How could $1,000,000,000 of new taxes pay for harbors and for the Panama Canal, a large part of which rep~ the increased cost of the Army and Navy from now on when resents expenses of the Canal itself, which are repaid out of we have had a deficit each year of $2,700,000,000 for the past tolls received. 10 years? Certainly, if we had had $1,000,000,000 of new taxes Mr. TYDINGS. I thank the Senator for his observation. each year from 1931 to date, we should still be $1,700,000,000 I have included all -incidental expenses for the simple reason, a year in the red for each year from 1931 down to date. as I shall show later, that I wanted to resolve the thing in Remember, too, that the billion dollars of new taxes will favor of economy in every way I could, so I have put into not be earmarked for national defense. It will go into the the Army expenditures all related costs. The picture is that 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE .7831 for the 10-year period the Army and Navy have cost the CHART4 American Government $10,870,000,000, or a yearly average Expenditures Total ordinary for the Army and the Navy together of $1,087,000,000. Year (civil and receipts and A moment ago I showed that the yearly average deficit of miscellaneous) 1 postal revenues the Government was $2,700,000,000. Let us assume that 1931 ______during the past 10 years we had not spent a penny for the 1932 ______$1, 800, 641, 110 $3, 846, 102, 015 1933 ______2, 639, 280, 132 2, 593, 897, 360 Army or the Navy. Let us subtract from the deficit the 1934 ______2, 000, 129, 912 2, 667, 328, 106 $1,087,000,000 a year which has been the cost of the Army 1935 ______4, 153, 843, 625 3, 702, 287, 216 1936 ______4, 797, 651, 840 4, 431, 262, 504 and Navy. If we subtract $1,087,000,000 a year from the 6, 254,317,517 4, 781,299,971 yearly deficit of $2,700,000,000, we still have a deficit of 1!1381937------______5, 915, 914, 252 6, 020, 041, 347 1939 ______4, 978, 321, 400 6, 970, 295, 278 approximately $1,600,000,000 a year, even if we had not 6, 395, 880, 099 6, 413, 778, 701 spent a cent on the Army or the Navy in any of the past 1940 ______------~------I 6, 500, 000, 000 6, 458, 795, 000 10 years. · 1941-up to May 29, 1940------6, 082,493,457 -·------Where is the $1,000,000,000 of new taxes? If we take 51, 518, 473, 344 ------$1,000,000,000 of new taxes from the remaining average t Not including expenditures for War Department, Navy Department, Indians, annual deficit of $1,600,000,000 a year, we still have re­ pensions, postal deficiencies, interest on public debt, etc. maining $600,000,000 of the deficit, even though we had not 2 Estimated. spent a cent for the Army or the Navy. Mr. TYDINGS. In this column [indicating] are the ex­ What is the picture? The picture is that even without penditures for civil and miscellaneous accounts. These spending a cent for the Army or the Navy the $1,000,000,000 expenditures do not include those for postal deficiencies, for of new taxes, plus the existing taxes, are $600,000,000 a year interest on the public debt, for pensions, for the Indians, for short of meeting the civil expenses of the Government; and the Army and Navy; they are merely the civil routine ordi­ we cannot get away from the fact. nary appropriations of the Government without including in In order to make the problem graphic, I have some them the appropriations for the Army and Navy, Indians, apples on the desk. So that no one may misunderstand, veterans, pensions, interest on the public debt, and postal each apple represents $100,000,000. There are 73 apples in deficiencies. the box; 73 times $100,000,000 is $7,300,000,000, which has What is the picture? We have not raised sufficient money been our average yearly expenditures for all purposes for in the past 10 years even to pay each year our expenses for the past 10 years. 5 of those 10 years. Even those limited governmental ex..: Our receipts have been $4,600,000,000 a year, and our penditures, apart from the Army, apart from the Navy, apart expenses have been $7,300,000,000 a year. Let us take from from pensions, apart from interest on the public debt, and what we have spent what we have actually collected­ so forth, have been more than the total revenues of the namely, our revenues--which have been $4,600,000,000 a Government. We cannot get away from that. year. Inasmuch as each apple represents $100,000,000, I In 1932 we spent $2,600,000,000 and took in $2,500,000,000; shall take 46 apples from the box representing our average in 1934 we spent $4,153,000,000 and only took in $3,702,- yearly governmental income. The 46 apples I have taken 000,000. Keep in mind, Mr. President, that these expendi­ from the box represent the $4,600,000,000 a year which has tures are not all the expenditures of our Government. They been the average yearly income of the Government. The 73 do not include Army expenditures, Navy expenditures, ex­ apples I had in the box represent $7,300,000,000 of annual penditures for pensions, for the Indians, for interest on the expenditures. If we subtract 46 from 73, we have 27 apples public debt, for postal deficiencies. They are merely the left in the box, representing the average yearly deficit of other expenditures of the Government. $2,700,000,000 from June 1930 to date. So it will be seen in 1935, 1936, and 1940, in fact, for 5 Now we propose to raise $1,000,000,000 of new taxes. That of the 10 years, we did not even have sufficient money to pay is represented by 10 apples, so let us take out 10 apples. the naked, higher-up expenses of our Government, without There are still 17 apples in the box, representing $1,700,- raising a cent for the Indians, the Army, or for the Navy or for pensions or for the interest on the public debt or for 000,000 in deficits, even with the new taxes, and without allowing for any new or extraordinary appropriation for postal deficiencies and the like. That is the real, true finan­ cial picture of the United states of America today. national defense. Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. President, will the Sen­ Now let us assume that for each of the 10 years which ator yield? have passed we had not spent a cent on the Army and Mr. TYDINGS. I will yield in a moment. The "picture is Navy, when, as a matter of fact, we have spent about that for 10 years, apart from all the welfare, apart from all $1,087,000,000 a year on them. So let us take out 11 more defense, apart from all humanitarian, pension, and Indian apples. We have taken that much out of the deficit as if appropriations, we have not had sufficient Government we had never spent a cent of it, and what have we ieft? money to pay the ordinary routine expenditures of the We have 6 apples, $600,000,000, that are even yet unpro­ Government. vided for, without spending a single cent for the Army Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Do they include relief? and Navy, but merely for meeting the routine expenditures Mr. TYDINGS. Yes; relief would be included. of the Government, and not a sou marquee for national Mr. KING. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? defense. Mr. TYDINGS. I yield. . I can explain that very briefly by referring the Senate Mr. KING. The Senator might mention, to show the to the table of expenditures which hangs on the wall. In progress which we have made in expenditures, that before this column [indicating] are the revenues of the Govern­ entering the World War the entire expenses of the Govern­ ment for each of the 10 years which have just passed. In ment for the Army, the Navy, and all extraordinary ex­ 1931 they were small, $3,846,000,000; in 1940 they were penses, including pensions and what not, were less than a large, $6,458,000,000. Those figures represent the total reve­ billion dollars. nues of the Government of the United States for the re­ Mr. TYDINGS. The Senator is correct. Now, let me go spective years. back to my original theme. I ask to have chart 4 inserted in the RECORD at this point Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, will the Sena.tor yield? in my remarks. Mr. TYDINGS. I yield. There being no objection, the chart was ordered to be Mr. WILEY. I think it would be very illuminating if the printed in the RECORD, as follows: Senator would place the tables in the argument he is making. 7832 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JuNE 10 Mr. TYDINGS. I ·put them in the other day, and I am hav­ 1950 we will have a larger national income-an $80,000,000,000 ing them put in again today. I placed all these figures in the national income or a $100,000,000,000 national income-with RECORD when I spoke on this subject last Monday. I may say which to pay this debt? I am waiting if any Senator desires that I also spoke on it on Monday before that; I am talking to rise. [A pause.] Silence I assume to mean assent. on it on this Monday; I intend to talk on it next Monday, the Then, shall we go home and leave this financial :flank un­ Monday after that, and every following Monday so long as prepared and exposed t~ a possible and probable foe, or shall Congress is in session until the truth goes home to the Ameri­ we stay here and write new taxes? Certainly there is not can people, for if we had all talked about national defense an ounce of truth in the Unintentional representations to the during the last 3 or 4 years on each Monday we would not be so people of this country that the new tax bill will pay $1 of the scared and jittery today. cost of the new national defense. It will not even pay the The coming depression, regardless of who the victor or the expenses of the routine expenditures of the Government--not vanquished may be, will be as devastating to this country as by $600,000,000 a year. That is the truth. war itself in its final analysis. It will put our people in a state Oh, today, as I look back over the 10 years, I recall the of panic; it will show we are unprepared; it will probably $6,600 per family unit that Congress authorized for slum clear­ bring on inflation and, perhaps, a capital levy; certainly we ance. It will be remembered that on this :floor I took the will have crushing and more disastrous taxation than we have unpopular side of that issue; I said we could not provide ever had. Yet we are sitting here talking about adjourning homes at the rate of $6,600 a family for families in the lowest­ and going back to the country, when we are simply allowing income brackets without breaking up the Treasury of this another state of unpreparedness to deluge this people and country. Day after day I stood here and fought for that view­ plunge them into a misery and despair which could be avoided point; but with a vision that seemed to be obscured and with if we had the courage to face this issue and straighten out the a purpose that seemed unrelenting; there were those who finances of the Government and prepare for a time which is drove through this expensive and costly and uncalled for certain to come. program, when any one of those families would have been Now, Mr. President, let me go back. I showed that we had delighted to have moved into a house which certainly would a yearly average deficit for each of the 10 years that have have cost no more than the cost of the average family home passed of $2,700,000,000 a year. Then I eliminated all ex­ in this country, which I showed was only at least two-thirds penditures each year for the Army and Navy, which amounted of what the Government was spending in New York and some to a billion dollars a year, and that still left us an average of the other cities for slum clearance. deficit of $1,600,000,000 a year even if we never counted one single penny of expense for the Army and Navy for each year And I remember the $4,800,000,000 pump-priming bill. On during that 10-year period. that I again had the unpopular side, and said that in the midst Who in Christendom will challenge my assertion, then, that of a great depression we could not afford to use the money for the new tax bill will not pay for one single, solitary cent of any purpose other than purely governmental matters. Where defense, either of future defense or of past defense, for, even has that money gone today? It has been added to the deficits with the billion dollars of new taxes, we would have insufficient for which at least two or three generations will be paying, money for each of the 10 years that have passed to pay the with all the interest which is added. All the expenses for ordinary routine expenses of the Government without a single the Army and Navy during the last 10 years are now a part of dollar going to the Army or the Navy? the national debt and will be paid for by future generations. When this matter was first mentioned by me several weeks We have set up a type of government far beyond the ability ago on a Monday morning, later on in the afternoon my of the American people to keep, unless we want to keep it good friend the Senator from Mississippi [Mr. HARRISON], only for a limited period and then go into ruin. the genial chairman of the Finance Committee, came into the The high days of 1920 to 1929 are gone. They are in the Chamber and said he had conferred with officials of the Gov­ limbo of dead yesterday. The high and easy finance of ernment, and a bill would come along to raise six or seven 1930 to 1940 is gone, too. It is in the limbo of dead yesterday, hundred million dollars, which would be equal to only about never to return. This country cannot exist and will not exist one-third of the remaining average yearly deficit after taking with a financial bulwark as weak as that I have described, not out the expenditures for the Army and Navy during each of by idle statements, not simply by generalities, but by the the past 10 years. Later on the House of Representatives, in figures themselves taken from the report of the Secretary of the face of the willingness of the people of the country to pay the Treasury of the United States. in this great emergency, and with some degree of foresight No; these new taxes will not pay our old deficit. We shall as to what was coming after the war, raised the taxes in that not raise enough money by $600,000,000 a year to pay the bill to a tentative $1,000,000,000. So some think, having O.one average cost of government for any one of the past 10 years, our work, why not go home and leave the financial :flank of even if we do not spend a cent on the Army and the Navy. our country more badly exposed than its military :flank is now That is the picture of the country; and what about the pitiably exposed? It is not pleasant to levy new taxes. We new depression? Some men think, as they thought about have made a gesture. So let us let the country go right on the last World War, that it will be over in 60 or 90 or 100 down the road to hell.and damnation, where it is now headed days, or this year. Who knows? Shall we take chances on in the unprepared financial condition which some have cod­ its rapid termination? Who knows that it will not last for dled and helped and aided and abetted ever since June 30, 5 years? And whether it does or not, whenever the curfew 1930. comes to the cannon, and the soldiers return from the fields Our frontier, Mr. President, is not the Rhine or the battle­ of battle, they will not go back to jobs of productivity. That fields of Europe or the bosoms of the Atlantic and the Pacific; peacetime economy in hundreds of places has been torn up our frontier at this moment is in the Treasury of the United by the roots in dozens of nations. They will go back to idle­ States of America, and it is poorly manned; it is poorly ness for a while, at least. And what of the thousands, the equipped; it has not sufficient men in the form of dollars; and tens of thousands, yes, the millions who are now working 24 even with the new tax bill, we will not have sufficient men in hours a day in the munition plants? Those plants will be the form of dollars with which to pay the ordinary routine closed down, and that Will swell the ranks of the unem­ expenses of the Government, without a sou marquee going for ployed. And what about the tens of thousands in this any expenditures of the Army and Navy in the past 10 years country who likewise are engaged in the manufacture of or in the future. Shall we go home and leave this unpre­ munitions? They, too, will join the army of unemployed. paredness as it js? What man will rise on this :floor and say Then, too, world trade will be disrupted; and certainly if that we will be in better shape in any one of the next 10 years dictatorship shall survive and be triumphant, we shall be on to pay our way than we are at this good hour? With what we a world barter system. That will be the competition-not all know is ahead, who will dare rise and say that in 1941, 1942, international trade agreements, but the barter system, goods or 1943, or 1944, or 1945, or 1946, or 1947, or 1948, or 1949, or for goods-in which we are not competent or equipped or 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1833 designed as a democracy to play a fitting competing role; Mr. TYDINGS. I yield to the Senator from Idaho. and therefore the distress will go to the farmer. It will go Mr. CLARK of Idaho. I have been intensely interested in to the laboring man. It will go to th.e banking house. It the brilliant analysis of the Senator from Maryland. I was will go to the clerks. It will go to those who are now em­ wondering what his view was as to how high the deficit would ployed in munition factories, not only abroad, but right here go, and what would happen to our whole financial structure, in the United States of America as well. if we should be dragged into this war as we are being dragged Then, added to that, will be the millions over in Europe in. who have not been raising food or materials for clothing or Mr. TYDINGS. So long as there is a possibility--even producing shelter; emaciated, their young without milk, though the Senator and I might look on it with tremendous without the means of sustaining life. Famine is likely to reluctance, or even with opposition-of this country being break out, and almost certain to come; and its twin sister dragged into war in the immediate future, no matter how will likewise walk by its side-pestilence and disease-if you much he or any other Senator might oppose it, the very please. And what shall we do? In the face of this spread­ thought that it is possible, if not probable, should galvanize ing famine and disease and suffering we shall try to find every representative of the people in this body and in the some millions of dollars more to render charitable aid to other end of the Capitol now, while we have time, before those stricken people, victor and vanquished, to save them that happens, to put the financial affairs of the Republic in from an international catastrophe, while even here in our A No. 1 shape; and certainly if we escape the war, the con­ own home, out in front of the Capitol Plaza, will assemble sequences of its aftermath equally demand that we do the thousands of persons looking to the Government for some job now, before that catastrophe overwhelms 130,000,000 sort of aid to tide them through those dark years; and what people. shall we do it with? Mr. HUGHES. Mr. President-- By that time our national debt will be probably closer to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from $60,000,000,000 than it now is to $50,000,000,000; and even Maryland yield to the Senator from Delaware? today, in one of the best years that we still have, we shall Mr. TYDINGS. In a moment, I will yield. not raise sufficient money even to pay the ordinary costs of What is the use of our feverishly appropriating to provide Government without a dollar going to the Army and Navy; guns and ammunition and planes and all of that to fight a for the new billion-dollar tax bill will not pay the routine possible foe only, while we do not provide dollars and sound costs of the Government, without a cent going to the Army finance and financial guns and financial planes, if you please, and Navy for any one of the 10 years that have passed. Then in the Treasury Department to meet an enemy that we know how can it pay for the routine expenses of the future when is going to come? This other thing is only possible. The we superimpose upon them the extraordinary and very high financial ·attack is certain; and it will fall on the Govern­ expenditures for the Army and for the Navy which are com­ ment of the United States as the center of the line to bear ing each day, week, and month? the full force of that terrific impact, because it will have be­ Mr. ADAMS. Mr. President--- hind it the discontent, the misery, the hunger, the sickness, Mr. TYDINGS. I yield to the Senator from Coiorado. the poverty, the disillusionment not only of the peoples of Mr. ADAMS. I am really appealing to the Senator for a all foreign countries but of our own people as well, who will little more encouragement than he is giving. be plunged into it almost overnight. I am among those who, for some 7 or 8 years, have followed I could not say, I do not even know, to what extent that the preachings of the distinguished Senator from Maryland. condition would grow and grow before we would be in that What disturbs me is that he now says that Congress-of realm which I hope to avoid; but this I do know: There has course these deficits are due to the acts of Congress--has been no criterion in the past 10 years of expenditure which is appropriated and spent the money while failing to make pro­ a guide for the next 10 years of expenditure. Whereas we vision for its expenditures, in spite of the eloquence and spent an average of $7,300,000,000 a year during each year of the accuracy and the acumen of the Senator from Maryland. The encouragement I want from him is that he feels that the past. 10 years, we may be called on to spend ten or fifteen Congress from now on will pay some attention to his mis­ billion dollars a year for each year of the next 5 or perhaps 10. sionary preachings, because if it will not pay attention and Shall we wait? Shall we see the farmer with his crops all continues to do as it has done, perhaps Congress had better harvested and no one to buy them? Shall we see lines of go home. Whether we ought to stay here or go home de­ men waiting on the street corners looking for work, and no pends a little on what Congress will do. smoke coming from the factory chimneys? Shall we see star­ Mr. TYDINGS. I thank the Senator from Colorado for vation and disease spreading over Europe, as they are bound to what he says. Let me ·say that I think I bear the reputation spread, and would have spread afte1· the last war if it had not of riot indulging in idle compliments with my colleagues on been for the humanism, the charity, and the .kindliness of the the floor of the Senate; and with no idea of returning the people of the United States? Famine did take many millions very generous reference which the Senator from Colorado of lives in Russia after the last war. Cholera and typhoid has made to me, I do not think there is a man in this body­ took thousands of lives in Poland after the last war, and every not one-who, throughout this 10-year period, has tried country that was in the war suffered to a degree which cannot more earnestly than has the Senator from Colorado to see be described by one who stands on the soil of the United that the Government's dollar was efficiently spent and to States and tries to imagine the actual happenings 3,000 miles prevent waste. He has realized all the time what was com­ away. All these things are certain to come, and here we are ing. He has fought without ever once lowering his arm, and trying to get guns and planes, which we cannot get for a sometimes against terrific odds. If his people know his real year; trying to get an army and aviators, which we cannot worth as his colleagues know it, he will never have opposition get for a year; and we are thinking of going home, after having in either party whenever he desires to be a candidate for made these appropriations, knowing this foe-the coming public office. depression-is over in Europe only awaiting the hour to Mr. HOLMAN. Mr. President-- strike, even if we stay out of the war. We are contemplating The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from going home and leaving our finances in a more pitiful and Maryland yield to the Senator from Oregon? tragic state of defense and a more unpardonable state of Mr. TYDINGS. I do. defense than even our Army and our air forces are in today. Mr. HOLMAN. I merely want to make the observation We are contemplating going home, and if we vote to go that no government has ever survived bankruptcy. home, every man who votes to go home should not be sent Mr. TYDINGS. That is correct. back here by his constituents, because, in my judgment, with­ Mr. CLARK of Idaho. Mr. President-- out reflecting on anyone, such a vote would show a gross lack The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from of responsibility in one of the most tragic moments in the Maryland yield to the Senator from Idaho? history of this world. ,7834 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 10 Mr. LUNDEEN. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? as now indicated, will we be as able to pay for what we are Mr. TYDINGS. I yield. now spending. Mr. LUNDEEN. I greatly appreciate the statement of the Mr. President, I should like for a moment to call attention distinguished Senator on that point, and may I refer to the to a chart which it may be difficult for Senators to see where fact that for many years each year before we adjourned I have it hangs on the wall. This chart was issued by the Secretary asked that the Congress remain in session during the critical of the Treasury, Mr. Morgenthau. It represents the flow of days through which we are passing? I am as one with the Federal, State, and local governmen'.; funds. It is very small, able Senator in asking that the Senate stay here and the but I can illustrate it with a few remarks. House stay here and endeavor to solve the problems which are The year Mr. Morgenthau takes is 1938, and if we look at before us. the figures of the deficit for that year we find that in that Mr. TYDINGS. I am glad to hear the Senator say that. year there was the smallest deficit between 1933 and 1941. So I repeat, our frontier today is not on the Rhine, not on the Mr. Morgenthau took a pretty good year. Seine, or on the English Channel, or on the bosom of the What are the facts? The Federal Government that year Atlantic or of the Pacific Oceans; our first line of defense is spent $7,691,000,000. The State governments that year spent the Treasury of the United States, and it is riddled with holes $4,358,000,000. The city governments spent that year $6,150,- and undefended in a thousand places, from the right flank to 000,000. Tlie three together spent $18,000,000,000. the left flank; make no mistake about it. The enemy will What was our national income during that year? Accord­ tear through it unless we have the foresight and the energy ing to the Treasury Department again, our national income and the courage to have the American people save themselves then was as follows: Families had an income of $47,679,- from catastrophe by bearing burdensome taxes, by taking on 000,000. Single persons had an income of $11,579,000,000. a spirit of sacrifice, by having that degree of patriotism which Single and married persons together had an income of $59,- is the only thing which will support a democracy. Patriotism 258,000,000. The corporations of the country had an income is not needed in a dictatorship, because there people are only of $7,000,000,000. automatons; but patriotism is the soul, the mainspring, the If we add the incomes of single persons and married per­ resource, the support of democracy; it is the only thing which sons and corporations together, ·we find that there was an in­ can hold democracy up when it is attacked. come of $66,000,000,000, of which governments spent eighteen Mr. ASHURST. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? billion. Nearly 30 percent of our total national income was Mr. TYDINGS. I yield. spent to finance State, city, county, and national govern­ Mr. ASHURST. It seems appropriate-at least it does to ments. That is our problem. We must obtain this addi­ me-to make clear my attitude about adjournment. I agree tional government income to wipe out deficits from what with the able Senator. I stated on the floor of th~ Senate on is left, for the figures Senators see on the charts before them May 22: are the figures furnished me by the Committee on Joint Taxa­ I have already announced myself as a candidate for reelection to tion. So if we have $18,000,000,000 of standard expense, as the Senate. I am opposed by two or three able candidates. I wish it understood that I am not disposed to go home in order to we have, ~nd if we have an income of only apout $65,000,- look after my political fortunes when one of the most acute crises 000,000 a year, as we have now, the average yearly national in history is upon the human race. I am not just now paying deficit of $2,700,000,000 a year must come out of that income, much attention to whether or not I return to the Senate, much as I desire to do so. Whether or not I am returned is of such small in addition to present taxes if we want to pay for our peace­ importance to the Senate and to the country compared to the time expenditures. And what do we have then? present posture of world affairs that I am willing to remain here in Mr. WALSH. Nearly $1 in every $3. Washington if it will be of any assistance to the country. Mr. TYDINGS. Yes; nearly $1 in every $3 is a good way The President may safely be trusted. He has with such almost telepathic ability horoscoped the situation as to our foreign affairs to put it. that we may well trust him. Trusting the President, however, does Every farmer who is going down his corn rows this after­ not excuse us from performing our constitutional functions. noon is paying a 1-cent tax on every gallon of gasoline that Mr. President, how would the Senator, who is an able drives his tractor. If he drives to town today he pays 6 cents lawyer and a brave soldier, like to be commanded on the a gallon, in most places, for every gallon of gasoline he uses battle line by a Senator who in this crisis would vote to go to take his crops to market or what not. He pays taxes on home? Would he like to be commanded by such a Senator, his tobacco. He pays a tax on his income, if he is lucky or such an officer, one who would run away from responsi­ enough to have sufficient income to be in the taxable class. bility, instead of facing it? He pays many kinds of taxes, county taxes, real-estate taxes, Mr. TYDINGS. The Senator is correct in his implication, other taxes. Yet it is said our country is so rich, it has so and I hope the opposition to the Senator's reelection will much, that we need not worry; that we can keep on reach­ withdraw. I know he will do his share of the work, and I ing into the dark so long as there is money there and put it hope that his people will send him back to the Senate. in the other hand and spend it, without regard to where we Mr. ASHURST. Let me say, further, that while I hope to are going. return to the Senate, I could not vot€ for myself if I ran away I am a poor prophet, and certainly no expert, but so surely from my duties at this time. as I am standing on the Senate floor, unless we face about Mr. TYDINGS. I can appreciate that, and I know the and take the hard road and go in the opposite direction, our Senator is true to his word. Government will be lucky to survive in the years that are Mr. President, for a long time we have had the mistaken ahead. Our indifference will create a misery and a poverty notion that we have been living on our fat, that at some and a degree of unnecessary and unavoidable confusion and place there was a great reservoir of resources, and that we fear and worry which none of us can even safely measure. were just nibbling into those in order to carry us over a few Mr. GEORGE. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? years. We quit nibbling on our fat long ago. We are living Mr. TYDINGS. I yield. on our lean, and we are biting into that lean now with Gar­ Mr. GEORGE. I am very much interested in what the gantuan bites, and it will not take many years such as those Senator has had to say. It is obvious that we can meet which are ahead before there will not be any lean at all to eat the situation in part by raising additional revenue. It is unless we recognize now, before we live on the future, what obvious also that we can meet it in part by cutting down on · the future is likely to be. the expenditures of government. Congress should remain in session until it has completely Mr. TYDINGS. That is correct. · overhauled the functions of the Government, without creating Mr. GEORGE. I may suggest that, when we have raised unnecessary misery or hunger or want. It will be enough to the revenue by imposing taxes which the people are able to borrow for the emergency for military and naval purposes. pay, when we add all forms of taxes together, and when we . We cannot borrow for the ordinary routine expenditures of reduce the expenditures of the Government so far as we can, Government now. I make this statement, and I believe it we shall not have solved the problem, and the problem can- :will be fair prophecy, that not 1 year during the next 10, 1 not be solved until the Government is willing to abandon 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE .7835 . unsound, uneconomic experimentation, which will drain any would have saved hundreds of millions of dollars of un­ treasury, and will destroy any people, it matters not what necessary expenditures if we had only prepared agai.rist the their taxable capacity may be, nor what the resources of coming days. the country may be. All three of tho.se things must be con­ Does anyone doubt the authenticity of the figures I have sidered. The one hope, if there be a hope, is the abandon­ presented? Does anyone doubt the deductions I have made ment of unsound fiscal policies, and unsound economic from these official figures? Does anyone question that the policies and programs that will ultimately destroy any coun­ future is likely to be extremely dark? Does anyone ques­ try, no matter how high the taxes are put, or how deeply tion that none of us knows Whether the war will end in a one may be willing to dig in order to stop unnecessary ex­ month, or in a year, or even in 5 years? None of us knows penditures, so far as the governmental machinery is where the war will spread. Does anyone question that at concerned. least, insofar as we can imagine, there will never be as Mr. TYDINGS. I thank the Senator for what he has had prosperous a time for us to pay our debt as we go, as now? to say, and of course what he says is unanswerable. For­ Certainly if we do not have the will to do it now, in heaven's tunately for us we have had such a rich country and, in name how are we going to stave off the deluge which is comparison with other countries, we have had so much of gathering momentum from the four corners of the earth, wealth and creative ability and natural resources, that some­ even while I speak? times we have entertained the opinion that we could do There will be death from famine and there .will be pesti­ almost anything without fate overtaking us. We can do lence. There will be the loss of our. world trade. Think many things and have done many things which other coun­ what it means to cotton alone. Cotton is the chief export tries could not do, and to proceed without a realization of crop of 16 of the 48 States-one-third of all the States of what we are doing might have to some extent been excusable the Union. Normally we sell over one-half of it outside the in the last 10 years, but to proceed further without a realiza­ United States, but now that market is closed, and will be tion of what we are doing is absolutely inexcusable. closed to a large extent after the war is over. What will There is no doubt in the world that we must raise more the cotton farmer do? All the cotton raisers who constitute taxes than the $1,000,000,000 which is it now proposed to customers for the products of industry, whether they be raise. purchasers of coffee, tractors, automobiles, or clay pipes, I read in the press that the Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. will be absent from the buying market. It will be harder LA FoLLETTE] is working on a bill to tax war profits, and I to raise taxes in the years to come. The people of our hope I can vote for his bill, because war profits ought to Nation will be unemployed in greater numbers than they be taxed. I do not know what the bill will provide, of have ever been unemployed before in the history of the course, and cannot give hostages to fortune, but I am sym­ Republic. By comparison, 1932 will look like a summer's pathetic with his idea. Whatever the form is, whatever is picnic, in all probability, unless a miracle happens and the right thing to do, we cannot go away from here and some order comes to the world almost overnight. \Ve talk of going home and leaving undone all this that raise only $1,000,000,000, because $1,000,000,000 will not take we ought to do for the people of our Republic. We are care of our ordinary routine year-to-year expenses, with­ going home, knowing these truths, and no one denies them. out a cent going for the Army and Navy at all. There will If we do go home financially unprepared, when the deluge still be a deficit of $600,000,000 a year. We simply cannot comes the foundations of the Republic will wobble, even if escape that fact. So if we wanted to put the entire cost they do not crack and break. for the past 10 years on future generations we would have Mr. President. I have been highly pleased with the military at least to raise $1,600,000,000, or raise $1,000,000,000 and defense measures of the Chief Executive. I am very glad that cut down our expenses $600,000,000, before we would pay he came before the Congress several weeks ago and called at­ for all the other expenses of Government outside of the tention to our pitiful state of defense, particularly on land, and Army and the Navy during any one of the past 10 years. followed up his statement with the recommendation that at Mr. President, I do not want to be repetitious, and I thank the earliest possible moment Congress appropriate money to the Senate for its attention, which I deeply appreciate, but repair the defect. I say now, without the slightest rancor I wish to conclude by again drawing attention to the years or bitterness, that my one regret is that the President has that are to come. I have no. better vision than anyone else. not called to the attention of the Congress what I have at­ It may be that I am a pessimist. It may be, as one of my tempted to place before the Senate today and has not asked colleagues told me the other day, that I am a defeatist. the Congress, either for a reduction of expenses or for in­ It may be that I have not sized the situation up correctly. creased taxation, or both, sufficient at least to pay for the If so, I am sorry, and I certainly fervidly hope that the civil functions of the Government outside of the Army and situation is 100 times better than I think it is or will be, Navy, which the billion dollars of new taxes will not pay for; and I hope that all I have said could as well have been as every man knows. left unsaid insofar as the future security of our country is I am sorry that such leadership--and I say this regret­ concerned. But, somehow or other, I believe it is wise today fully-has been withheld from this body. We have been to have the kind of information before the Senate which asked to let the National Guard go here and there. We has been presented here. I believe we were in error not to have been asked to do several things which are not. usual bring out during the past 4 or 5 years, particularly the last in democracies. I wish we had sterner and firmer leadership 1 or 2 years, more of the truth about what was happening in this more unpopular field, but no less necessary, field of na­ in many countries abroad, particularly in reference to their tional defense; namely, a reinforced Treasury. I hope that military preparations. before we go home the President will send to Congress a Some of the officials of our own Government have written message calling attention to the very things I have tried here month after month and week after week for 5 years, in­ to point out-vainly, perhaps-and that he will ask us to forming the State Department, informing the War Depart­ stay in session until we shall have made the preparations ment, informing the Navy Department, of the tremendous necessary to put our financial house in good order. military preparations which were being made, and yet the No one knows better than he that following this war the country knew little about them. We did not debate the aftermath all over the world will be little less in horror question very much on the floor of the Senate, for one than the war itself. It will be a greater strain, and wider reason or another, and today, while Italy strikes at the back in scope, and we cannot wholly escape. Even if we stay door of France and across the Mediterranean, and France out of war, we cannot escape the forces which are gathering stands there fighting, outnumbered in the air, outnumbered on the horizon to tear down the peaceful economy of every in tanks, outnumbered in men, her soldiers dying, dying, nation on the face of the globe. The farmer will be af­ dying, with each passing second, we at last realize, at long fected. The miner will be affected. The lumberman will last, that the world yet is not quite completely idealistic, b(> affected. The factory worker will be affected. The busi­ and that we would have been ever so much smarter and nessman will be affected. The whole Nation will be affected; LXXXVI----493 7836 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 10 and we shall not have the antitoxin to meet the distress, must have a greater reduction of expenses than the Senator even though we now have time to prepare it. has indicated, if we wish to pay for our peace-time expendi­ I conclude by saying that in my opinion if Congress goes tures, even without giving a cent to the Army or NavY. home and leaves the country in the terrible condition in Mr. TOWNSEND. Mr. President, I rise to raise my small, which it will be if no financial reinforcement comes, it will be though by no means lone, voice to protest against the sug­ unfaithful to the American people, and will show a political gestion that at an early date the Congress pack up and go unwisdom which will be rebuked at the polls wherever can­ home. Perhaps those of us so protesting will be like grains didates who favored going home stand for reelection. of sand which when cemented together are able to divert Mr. KING. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? reckless floodwaters. Mr. TYDINGS. I shall be glad to yield to the senator We have been elected to take a particular part in framing for a question. and passing ·legislation necessary to the guidance of those Mr. KING. As a rule, there is reluctance upon the part whose duty it is to pilot the ship of state. No one will deny of the people to impose additional taxes; but it is manifest that we are now running in very troubled waters. No one that there must be a great increase in the revenues to be will deny that, in a comparable situation-if any comparable obtained for the· coming year. As stated by the Senator situation could be found-were the crew of a ship to desert from Maryland, our expenditures have greatly exceeded our the ship and leave all to the captain, with good wishes, the revenues. We have borrowed, and are still borrowing, bil­ crew would be guilty of the most unpardonable, most repre­ lions of dollars in order to meet current expenses. This hensible, most villainous, most despicable action. Yet it is policy cannot be continued indefinitely without serious con­ suggested that we who are charged with the responsibility sequences to the Government. of legislating should quickly, without deliberation, impose new It has been suggested that an additional $600,000,000 be taxes, raise the debt-limit, and, like the crew, desert the ship obtained by increased taxes, for the purpose of meeting some and scurry to our homes, leaving the Executive to carry on. of the expenses incident to national defense. That amount, What is the emergency which calls for such neglect of our of course, is wholly insufficient. When the suggestion was duties? Is there any emergency which requires the passage of made, I expressed my dissatisfaction with the same, and an important tax statute and the increase of our national stated that there should be an increase in revenues of at debt in a few days without deliberation? least $1,500,000,000 for the coming year. Even with that From the point of view of revenue, there is not, and cannot amount, as I stated, there would be an enormous deficit. be, any such emergency. What differenc;e would it make if May I ask the Senator, does he believe we shall be able to we should stay here 2 months, 3 months, or even 5 months, raise sufficient revenue to meet the legitimate demands of working out an intelligently planned tax statute? our Government in the present domestic and world The only difference I can see is that by staying we should condition? do a more complete job, with full knowledge of what we were The deficit for this year will be between three and four doing. If we do not stay, the result will be a hastily drawn, billions of dollars, and with the expenditures for military ill-thought-out statute, handed to us in final form, on which preparation, it is obvious that the deficit for the coming most Members of this body will vote with a very incomplete year will be perhaps six or seven billion dollars. understanding of its meaning or consequences. Do we not Mr. TYDINGS. Easily. owe to the people who will be required to pay the additional Mr. KING. As the Senator knows, the Government is taxes at least the duty of giving them the best statute we can? now owing approximately $45,000,000,000, and in addition The whole Nation is apprised of the fact that we must have there are contingent liabilities which will greatly augment an immediate defense program. We have started in that this stupendous sum. In addition to the indebtedness of direction. The whole Nation is apprised of the fact that the the Federal Government, the States and their political sub­ program requires additional taxes. The whole Nation is divisions are owing, as I recall, approximately $20,000,000,000. now, and will be, behind the tax program. Can we, then, do Private indebtedness has reached the colossal sum of more less than give the people our very best effort in ·the direction than $60,000,000,000; and corporate indebtedness amounts of the very best statute we can devise? to between forty and fifty billion dollars. I have seen figures· Not less to be considered is the question of increasing the which indicate that the obligations of the Federal and State national debt. We have seen it increased in the past 8 years Governments and the political subdivisions of the States, more than in the 144~ preceding years. Is any Member of together with private and corporate indebtedness, exceed this body prepared to say uneq~vocally that we absolutely $200,000,000,000. must further increase the debt and raise the debt limit? Is In view of this enormous indebtedness, it is obvious that anyone prepared to say, Mr. President, that it is humanly an i.ricrease in tax burdens will bear rather oppressively impossible, through taxation on the one hand and the re­ upon the American people. However, as indicated by the duction of nondefense expenditures on the other, to achieve Senator, it is certain that revenues must be obtained, .and the result we desire without increasing the national debt? that to accomplish that result new tax bills must speedily Certainly none of us can know whether or not it is possible be enacted. If opposition is made to a proposed increase of without thinking about it, discussing it, and at least trying. taxes to raise but one and one-half billion dollars, as I have Yet we shall be asked to pass on this important question with­ suggested, may I inquire of the Senator, how are we to raise out deliberation, so that we may run to our homes. from four to five billion dollars to meet the exigencies of the In the face of the existing situation, do we owe to the situation? people who have sent us here and to the country at large Mr. TYDINGS. There is no answer to the Senator's any duty which is greater than our duty to stick to our posts? question. As I have said, the ·day of postponing provision Political conventions there will be. Campaigns must be made. for financing expenditures is done. We have only two Do not these weigh light in the scale as against our duties as choices. Either we can continue as we have been doing, Senators? If we are ready to shirk our duties for the purpose for 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 10 years in the future, and then go of reelection, are we worthy to pe reelected and sent back over the precipice, or we can meet the issue now. Of here, again to shirk our duties? course, if we want to go on for only 10 years more and Mr. President, I appeal to every Member of this body, to then go smash, and leave the country in a degree of ruin every man or woman worthy of the name of United States which is unnecessary, we can continue as we are doing; but Senator; I beseech Senators not to consider lightly the matter if we wish to prevent that result, we shall have to turn of an early adjournment. Let us give the matter proper con­ around the other way. We shall have to do what my able sideration, and not be stampeded into running away from our friend from Virginia [Mr. BYRD] has advocated. We must duties. Let us stay at the job until the existing emergency have more taxes, we must have a reduction of expenses, in shall have passed or reached such a crystallized form that order to make both ends meet. I should say that we must we may reasonably expect not to be further needed until the have more taxes than the Senator has indicated, and we next regular session of Congress. 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE ,7837 MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE That the Senate recede from its amendment numbered 6. That the House recede from its disagreement to the amend­ A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. ments of the Senate numbered 1, 2, 3, 4. 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, Chaffee, one of its reading clerks, announced that the House 14, 15, 16, and 17, and agree to the same. had passed without amendment the following bills of the DAVID I. WALSH, Senate: Mn.LARD E. TYDINGS, FREDERICK HALE, S. 1560. An act for the relief ,()f Amos B. Cole; and Managers on the part of the Senate. S. 2013. An act to amend the Code of the District of CARL VINSON, Columbia to provide for the organization and regulation of P. H. DREWRY, cooperative associations, and for other purposes. MELVIN J. MAAS, The message also announced that the House had agreed Managers on the part of the House. to the amendment of the Senate to the amendment of the The report was agreed to. House to the bill (S. 3683) to remove the time limit for co­ operation between the Bureau of Reclamation and the Farm NUMBER OF WARRANT AND COMMISSIONED WARRANT OFFICERS. Security Administration in the development of farm units on MARINE CORPs-cONFERENCE REPORT public lands under Federal reclamation projects. Mr. WALSH submitted the following report: The message further announced that the House had The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two agreed to the amendments of the Senate to the bill at bat­ which every citizen has of the vicious iniquity of the "fifth tle with the century which has given rise to totalitarian column" which has penetrated into the very vitals of our own dictatorship. Tha_t is what he meant. safety and security, and which has endang.ered the vitals of Mr. President, if there is a citizen in America who does the nations to the south of us, and already, like a vicious not catch the whole ·terrible import of those words, I hope serpent, is coiled to strike at our very heart when it deems it tonight on his knees in prayer for guidance he may learn most. desirable to do so. the danger that threatens us upon 43,000 miles of frontier. In the remarks of Mussolini today, delivered not secretly Mr. President, our great leader in the Senate today ~put boastfully to the wide world, there seems to me to be a stated that he hoped our time would not be occupied by s-entiment which should leave no doubt in anybody's mind remarks that diverted us from making progress upon the that Nazi Germany of today has declared war upon the United bills we are now considering. Mr. President, I say that if States of America, and that that war has been joined by we dtd what we ought to do we could pass these bills in a Mussdii_ni and the Italian people. For, in plain American few minutes, and the rest of our time would be taken with 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7851 every Senator in his seat, his eyes glued to the Vice Presi­ walked, it may be that in his heart tonight he will be sad as dent's dais, his heart throbbing with the excitement of the he walks through those hallowed lanes. For all that Jeffer­ occasion, saying, in unequivocal words, to the President of son wrought, all that he dreamed of, all that he helped in this country, "We loose the shackles that restrain you. We sympathetic spiritual confederacy to realize in the beautiful tear down the restrictions that limit the reach of your capital of the French, is today upon the verge of the grave, strong and brave hands. Democracy lives again. Pulsing, ready for the dissolution which comes to all mortal forms. vibrating democracy, fighting for its life, is a potent force in I know his heart will be heavy tonight because he has not the world at a moment when it is having its heart struck heard anything from the United States Senate in the past at by one assassin as the confederate of another." 2 or 3 weeks to hearten him very much. He has not had Yet another day has passed. The tanks have rolled omi­ statesmen with national reputation rise up here and say, nously 1 mile, 5 miles, 10 miles closer to the citadels of lib­ "Mr. President, in the name of God and a free people, raise erty. On the southern flank the assassin's knife is already your right arm to its maximum strt'ngth and smite down, drawn, poised to strike into the back of a nation crushed in all legitimate ways short of war, those who threaten our between converging forces. Yet when they tell this democ­ faith, our philosophy, and our integrity." cracy that they seek the riches of the rich nations; when They have been, on the contrary, a little vexed with some they say that a new philosophy proposes to overturn and of us because we . have dared to give some opportunity for dethrone the old, which we epitomize as the oldest single form the American people to express themselves. They have of government in all the world today, the Senate sits here, thought we were a little bit up5tarts, that we were stirring and even our leader says that we twaddle when we try to them out of a comfortable complacency. They did not want arouse the American people against the terrible hour in the to feel the spur of the Americ&n people upon them saying, shadow of which they live. "In the name of God, go on now, and actively." I suppose it will be tomorrow; it may be even the next day, Honest, sincere, misguided men. Unless I misjudge the before Paris is conquered; before the valiant French Army is significance of what is going on, a few days from now they destroyed; before that great nation goes down to dissolution will wish every one of these precious moments could be re­ and defeat, and perhaps disappears forever from the pages called. Now, we might be able to strike more courage a~d of a glorious history. I think perhaps at least the Senate give greater strength to the courageous arms over there. will pause when France dies; when Lafayette's name becomes At least tonight when he speaks, when the American peo-ple ignominious, in view of the fact-that the great liberties we hear his voice, I wish the President could have in it the enjoy were gained by the intervention of the French people. vibrance and the confidence thn.t would come from the con­ Perhaps at least we shall pause long enough to recall that sciousness that the United States Senate, regardless of party, when the surrender occurred at Yorktown, some say there regardless of philosophy upon domestic matters, upon this were more French troops than American troops there. At one cause-the decent philosophy of a decent world and the least I hope every Senator will be in his seat that day, in sacred integrity of their own country-stood united, one indi­ figure, at least, to view the funeral of the dead, glorious visib-le people; and the sooner we come to be that, Mr. Presi­ French people. dent, the more shall we assure the liberties of our country for And they say here in the newspaper that England will be posterity yet unborn. [Manifestations of applause in the next. How ruthlessly and relentlessly it has moved inevitably galleries. J forward-this conquest, this crushing conquest by the dicta­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair will state to the torships. The British may hold out a while longer. Their occupants of the galleries that demonstrations in the galleries fleet will go down fighting against whatever forces their are not permitted. adversaries, in their devil's ingenuity, may discover; but it HAROLD. W. KINDERMAN will not take perhaps so very long, because they will be iso­ The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. O'MAHONEY in the chair) lated from the rest of Europe. When they fall, perhaps we laid before the Senate the amendment of the House to the shall have another brief ceremony. Anglo-Saxon liberties, bill

EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED NOMINATIONS The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate mes­ Executive nominations received by the Senate June 10 . sages from the President of the United States submitting sun­ (legislative day of May 28), 1940 dry nominations, which were referred to the appropriate DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN SERVICE ' committees. John Campbell White, of New York, now a Foreign Serv­

William Reuschlein to be postmaster at Plain, Wis., in place KANSAS of William Reuschlein. Incumbent's commission expired Arden S. Morris, Elmdale. April 24, 1940. William T. Flowers, Havensville. Harry P. Walker to be postmaster at Plainfield, Wis., in Christie C. Doughty, Leon. place of H. P. Walker. Incumbent's commission expired Jan­ Loraine Champlin, Long Island. uary 18, 1939. Walter E. Moore, Manhattan. Alfred E. Von Wald to be postmaster at Sauk City, Wis .. in Barton W. Wherritt; Montezuma. place of A. E. Von Wald. Incumbent's commission expires Ralph W. New, Norcatur. June 16, 1940. George D. Brooks, Oil Hill. Henry J. Voltz to be postmaster at Schofield, Wis., in place Harry F. Sloan, Selden. of H. J. Voltz. Incumbent's commission expired August 26, 1939. NEBRASKA John M. Kippenhan to be postmaster at Slinger, Wis., in Gotthilf I. Pfeiffer, Arlington. place of J. M. Kippenhan. Incumbent's commission expired Lyman G. Gake, Beaver Crossing. April 28, 1940. Margaret H. Andersen, Belgrade. Ralph E. Lyon to be postmaster. at Strum, Wis., in place Eli V. Balthazor, Campbell. of R. E. Lyon. Incumbent's commission expired June 1, Gustav A. Koza, Clarkson. 1940. Henry C. Paquin, Dakota City. John W. O'Callaghan to be postmaster at Suring, Wis., in Harry H. Row, Davenport. place of J. W. O'Callaghan. Incumbent's commission ex­ James A. Sears, Decatur. pires June 18, 1940. Frank J. Srb, Dodge. Harry W. Stimson to be postmaster at Trempealeau, Wis., FloydS. Worthing, Elm Creek. in pJ.ace of H. W. Stimson. Incumbent's commission expired Edna M. Miner, Ericson. August 26, 1939. Emma G. Grabenstein, Eustis. Eva K. Sheen to be postmaster at Union Grove, Wis., in Frank Ainsworth, Exeter. place of E. K. Sheen. Incumbent's commission expires June Patrick J. Mullin, Friend. 16, 1940. Roy W. Bruce, Genoa. Thomas A. Wiora to be postmaster at Wild Rose, Wis., in Irene L. Barrett, Greeley. place of T. A. Wiora. Incumbent's commission expires June Renald A. Tobey, Gresham. 19, 1940. Mary Dolores Jensen, Hampton. Julius G. Behm to be t:ostmaster at Woodville, Wis., ln George B. McDowell, Hardy. place of J. G. Behm. Incumbent's commission expired June Peter P. Braun, Henderson. 1, 1940. Isaac D. Brownfield, Hershey. WYOMING Bertha E. Busch, Howells. James B. ·Harston to be postmaster at Cowley, Wyo., in Frederick F. Thomas, Linwood. place of J. B. Harston. Incumbent's commission expires Arthur H. Barstler, Nebrasl{a City. July 1, 1940. Orval C. Myers, Nelson. Francis R. Peck to be postmaster at Glenrock, Wyo., in Frank H. Kroger, Newcastle. place of F. R. Peck. Incumbent's commission expired June Kitty Hennessy, Platte Center. 1, 1940. George H. Woolman, Republican City. Mark N. Hanna to be postmaster at Lingle, Wyo., in place Inez Gail Lidgard, Stockville. of M. N. Hanna. Incumbent's commission expires June 25, Leonard L. Rook, Stratton. 1940. George L. Everett, Union. Bertha I. Frolander to be postmaster at Sundance, Wyo., Elmer L. Bunger, Upland. in place of B. I. Frolander. Incumbe.nt's commission ex­ Harry E. Christensen, Valparaiso. pired June 1, 194.0. J. Marie D. Rutledge, Wilsonville. Russell N. Linkswiler, Winnebago. CONFffiMATIONS NEW YORK Executive nominations confirmed by the Senate June 10 Philip J. Dwyer, Chittenango. (legislative day of May 28), 1940 Jack Batt, Woodmere. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NORTH DAKOTA Charles E. Jackson to be Deputy Commissioner in the Mable G. Howell, Sheldon. Bureau of Fisheries. OHIO SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Leo V. Walsh, Barberton. Edward C. Eicher to be a member of the Securities and Mary Costigan, Berlin Heights. Exchange Commission. John L. Keener, Brookville. POSTMASTERS Alice B. Romie, Fort Loramie. John D. Reed, Green Springs. ALASKA Henry Beuchat, Louisville. Augustus H. Kingsbury, Jr., Haines. Sylvie E. Sovacool, Peninsula. CONNECTICUT Paul M. Hawn, Pleasant Hill. John J. Lee, Beacon Falls. Charles Calvin Myers, Risingsun. John J. Mahony, Derby Frank Thompson, Senecaville. Clinton A. Theis, Madison. PENNSYLVANIA Edna M. Jenkins, Middlefield. George Ed Reed, Vanderbilt. Charles J. Fields, Norfolk. Charles T. Kelly, Oakville. SOUTH CAROLINA Charles W. Camp, Plantsville. Russell P. Barnett, Campobello. George E. Barton, Salisbury. Frank B. Bynum, Darlington. IDAHO Mamie C. Spears, Lamar. Emory Olson, Deary. James H. Fox, Lexington. Sara H. Hut!, Driggs. John W. Wilbanks, Union. George F. Walker, Hailey. VIRGINIA Ralph Waldo Cope, Harrison. Richard F. Hicks, Schuyler. 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7861

WASHINGTON The Journal of the proceedings of Friday, June 7, 1940, was Truman W. Chamberlain, Quincy. read and apPToved. Edward V. Pressentin, ,Rockport. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT James F. Biislawn, Sprague. Sundry messages in writing from the President of the WYOMING United States were communicated to the House by Mr. Latta, Grace E. Lyon, Burns. one of his secretaries, who also informed the House that on Edmund P. Landers. Casper. the following dates the President approved and signed joint resolutions and biUs of the House of the following titles: On June 6, 1940; HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES H. J. Res. 400. Joint resolution authorizing the President of the United States of America to proclaim October 11, 1940, MoNDAY, JuNE 10, 1940 General Pulaski's Memorial Day for the observance and com­ The House met at 12 o'clock noon. memoration of the death of Brig. Gen. Casimir Pulaski; Rev. M. E. Dodd, D. D., LL. D., president of Dodd College H. R. 3955. An act to amend section 335 (d) of the Agricul­ and pastor of the Flrst Baptist Church of Shreveport, La., tural Adjustment Act .of 1938; o1Iered the following prayer: H. R. 4229. An act authorizing the conveyance to the Com­ monwealth of Virg'inia a portion of the naval reservation 0 God,. our Heavenly Father, from whom cometh every good and perfect gift, we would acknowledge Thee in all our known as Quantico in Prince William County, Va.; H. R. 4349. An act for the relief of the estate of Lewis ways and thereby claim Thy promise to direct {)Ur paths. We Marion Garrard Hale; present ourselves before Thy face with a deep sense of un­ worthiness. We would humbly confess our sins and the ini­ H. R. 5459. An act for the relief of George F. Lewis, admin­ istrator of the estate of Margaret R. Lewis; quities of our fathers. We deplore our personal wrongdoings H. R. 5880. An act to incorporate the NaVY Club of the and our national evils. Look upon us with mercy, we beseech United States of America; Thee, and graciously pardon all our transgressions. H. R. 6481. An act to authorize the conveyance . of the And now as a new day dawns with its impending respon­ United States Fish Hatchery property at Put in Bay, Ohio, sibilities, its inspirative duties, and its overwhelming tasks, to the State of Ohio; give us, we pray Thee, 0 God, of that wisdom which cometh down from above for our problems and decisions, give us H. R. 6552. An act for the relief of Mrs. Gottlieb Metzger; Thine own divine and omnipotent strength for our tasks, and H . R. 6964. An act for the relief of Mr. and Mrs. Nathan give us divine guidance for our perplexities. Kaplan; In a world welter of chaos and confusion, amidst the H. R. 7018. An act to .amend section 289 of the Criminal swirling tides of iniquity which threaten to engulf the whole Code; human race--deafened by wars and rumors of wars-with H. R. 7020. An act to amend section 2 of the act of March hell vomiting forth its sulfurous fumes of death and destruc­ 4. 1931 (46 Stat. 1528), in regard to service of process on the tion, help Thy people, 0 God, to possess their souls in pa- United States in foreclosure actions; . tience, to. love mercy, do justly, and to walk humbly before H. R. 7078. An act to authorize the acquisition by the United their God. States of lands in Manchester and Jackson townships of the Amidst all the :fiery darts of hatreds which fly about our county of Ocean and State of New Jersey for use in connec­ beads in all directions, grant us the grace of iove and good tiOn with the Naval Air Station~ Lakehurst, N.J.; will, keep us in the spirit of Him who had the high courage H. R. 7084. An act to amend the act entitled "An act to and the deep devotion to die for the redemption of humanity, regulate proceedings in adoption in the District of Columbia,'' help us to love our enemies and to do good to those who would approved August 25, 1937; despitefully use us. H. R. 7615. An act authorizing the Bradenton Co., its suc­ Blind our eyes, we beseech Thee, to the glaring headlines cessors and assigns, to construct, maintain, and operate :a toll and stop our ears to the blaring blasts of raucous radios that bridge across Sarasota Pass, and across Longboat Pass, county would 1ead us in the way which may seem right unto man but of Manatee,. State of Florida; which Thou knowest are the ways of death. H. R. 7733. An act to provide increased pensions for veterans Help us, 0 God, to act with sanity in an insane world, of the Regular Establishment with service-connected disabil­ and while condemning the injustices which run rampant ity incurred in or aggravated by service prior to April21, 1898; across the earth, to be careful that we · ourselves are just, H. R. 8373. An act to amend section 79 of the Judicial Code, ; to be calm amid swirling storms, to seek peace and pursue it. as amended; ; Free us from all national self-seeking, self-interest, and H. R. 8403. An act to convey certain lands to the State of · hypocrisy. Deliver us, we pray Th~, from the wild hysteria Wyoming; which dethrones reason and causes men to act unwisely if H. R. 8423. An act to amend an act entitled "An act to in­ not wickedly, deliver from the taunting fears produced by crease the efficiency of the Coast Guard,'' approved January our inferiority complex and from the arrogant bombast 12, 1938; · which comes from a superiority complex, while clamorous H. R. 8537. An act to provide for the enlargement of the · calls come for physical courage, give us great moral and Coast Guard depot at Seattle, Wash., and for the establish­ intellectual courage. May we be so consciously true and right ment of a Coast Guard servicing base at or near Chattanooga, and just that we have not the fear of man before our face but Tenn.; only that fear of God which is the beginning of all wisdom. Help us, 0 God, to demonstrate the virtue, value, and H. R. 8983. An act authorizing the Secretary of the Navy to . vitality of that great American spirit and way of life, "with accept on behalf of the United States a gift of the yacht F'ree­ malice toward none and charity for all." to such a degree dom from Sterling Morton; and to prove its workability so effectively among ourselves .H. R. 9013. An act to transfer Hardeman County, Tex., from that all the world may become a brotherhood of nations as the Fort Worth division to the Wichita Falls division of the we are a sisterhood of States. northern judicial district of Texas; Draw the circumference of our vision so far from our feet H. R. 9115. An act to authorize the Commissioners of the that we forget the swirling eddies of the moment and see District of Columbia to provide for the parking of automobiles all the newborn tomorrows in which our children and grand- in the Municipal Center; · 1 children must live in the same world with the children and H. R. 9210. An act to amend an act entitled "An act to es­ grandchildren of other people. With faith in the right as tablish a Board of Indeterminate Sentence and Parole fa!" the 1 God gives us to see the right, help us to go forth to the duties District of Columbia and to determine its functions, and for : of this day and all .the days. And this is our prayer through other purposes," approved July 15, 1932, and for other pur­ Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. poses;