Scientific Rationale and Requirements for a Global Seismic Network on Mars
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MSS/1: Single‐Station and Single‐Event Marsquake Inversion
RESEARCH ARTICLE MSS/1: Single‐Station and Single‐Event 10.1029/2020EA001118 Marsquake Inversion Special Section: Mélanie Drilleau1,2 , Éric Beucler3 , Philippe Lognonné1 , Mark P. Panning4 , InSight at Mars 5 4 6,7 8 Brigitte Knapmeyer‐Endrun , W. Bruce Banerdt , Caroline Beghein , Savas Ceylan , Martin van Driel8 , Rakshit Joshi9 , Taichi Kawamura1, Amir Khan8,10 , Key Points: Sabrina Menina1 , Attilio Rivoldini11 , Henri Samuel1 , Simon Stähler8 , Haotian Xu6 , • In the framework on the InSight 3 8 8 1 12 mission, a synthetic seismogram Mickaël Bonnin , John Clinton , Domenico Giardini , Balthasar Kenda , Vedran Lekic , 3 2 13 4 using a 3‐D crust and a 1‐D velocity Antoine Mocquet , Naomi Murdoch , Martin Schimmel , Suzanne E. Smrekar , model below is proposed Éléonore Stutzmann1 , Benoit Tauzin14,15 , and Saikiran Tharimena4 • This signal is used to present inversion methods, relying on 1Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS F‐7500511, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France, different parameterizations, to 2ISAE‐SUPAERO, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France, 3Laboratoire de Planétologie et de Géodynamique, Université constrain the 1‐D structure of Mars 4 • The results demonstrate the de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, feasibility of the strategy to retrieve CA, USA, 5Bensberg Observatory, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, 6Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space 7 8 VS in the crust, and a fairly good Sciences, -
March 21–25, 2016
FORTY-SEVENTH LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONFERENCE PROGRAM OF TECHNICAL SESSIONS MARCH 21–25, 2016 The Woodlands Waterway Marriott Hotel and Convention Center The Woodlands, Texas INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT Universities Space Research Association Lunar and Planetary Institute National Aeronautics and Space Administration CONFERENCE CO-CHAIRS Stephen Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary Institute Eileen Stansbery, NASA Johnson Space Center PROGRAM COMMITTEE CHAIRS David Draper, NASA Johnson Space Center Walter Kiefer, Lunar and Planetary Institute PROGRAM COMMITTEE P. Doug Archer, NASA Johnson Space Center Nicolas LeCorvec, Lunar and Planetary Institute Katherine Bermingham, University of Maryland Yo Matsubara, Smithsonian Institute Janice Bishop, SETI and NASA Ames Research Center Francis McCubbin, NASA Johnson Space Center Jeremy Boyce, University of California, Los Angeles Andrew Needham, Carnegie Institution of Washington Lisa Danielson, NASA Johnson Space Center Lan-Anh Nguyen, NASA Johnson Space Center Deepak Dhingra, University of Idaho Paul Niles, NASA Johnson Space Center Stephen Elardo, Carnegie Institution of Washington Dorothy Oehler, NASA Johnson Space Center Marc Fries, NASA Johnson Space Center D. Alex Patthoff, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Cyrena Goodrich, Lunar and Planetary Institute Elizabeth Rampe, Aerodyne Industries, Jacobs JETS at John Gruener, NASA Johnson Space Center NASA Johnson Space Center Justin Hagerty, U.S. Geological Survey Carol Raymond, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Lindsay Hays, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Paul Schenk, -
Bibliographyof Space Books Andarticlesfrom Non
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19800016707N 2020-03-11T18:02:45+00:00Zi_sB--rM-._lO&-{/£ 3 1176 00167 6031 HHR-51 NASA-TM-81068 ]9800016707 BibliographyOf Space Books And ArticlesFrom Non-AerospaceJournals 1957-1977 _'C>_.Ft_iEFERENC_ I0_,'-i p,,.,,gvi ,:,.2, , t ,£}J L,_:,._._ •..... , , .2 ,IFER History Office ...;_.o.v,. ._,.,- NASA Headquarters Washington, DC 20546 1979 i HHR-51 BIBLIOGRAPHYOF SPACEBOOKS AND ARTICLES FROM NON-AEROSPACE JOURNALS 1957-1977 John J. Looney History Office NASA Headquarters Washlngton 9 DC 20546 . 1979 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Stock Number 033-000-0078t-1 Kc6o<2_o00 CONTENTS Introduction.................................................... v I. Space Activity A. General ..................................................... i B. Peaceful Uses ............................................... 9 C. Military Uses ............................................... Ii 2. Spaceflight: Earliest Times to Creation of NASA ................ 19 3. Organlzation_ Admlnlstration 9 and Management of NASA ............ 30 4. Aeronautics..................................................... 36 5. BoostersandRockets............................................ 38 6. Technology of Spaceflight....................................... 45 7. Manned Spaceflight.............................................. 77 8. Space Science A. Disciplines Other than Space Medicine ....................... 96 B. Space Medicine ..............................................119 C. -
Magnitude Scales for Marsquakes
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. XX, No. XX, pp. –, – 2018, doi: 10.1785/0120180037 Ⓔ Magnitude Scales for Marsquakes by Maren Böse,* Domenico Giardini, Simon Stähler, Savas Ceylan, John Francis Clinton, Martin van Driel, Amir Khan, Fabian Euchner, Philippe Lognonné, and William Bruce Banerdt Abstract In anticipation of the upcoming 2018 InSight (Interior exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) Discovery mission to Mars, we calibrate magnitude scales for marsquakes that incorporate state-of-the-art knowledge on Mars interior structure and the expected ambient and instrumental noise. We re- gress magnitude determinations of 2600 randomly distributed marsquakes, simulated with a spectral element method for 13 published 1D structural models of Mars’ interior. The continuous seismic data from InSight will be returned at 2 samples per second. To account for this limited bandwidth as well as for the expected noise conditions on Mars, we define and calibrate six magnitude scales: (1) local Mars mag- MMa nitude L at a period of 3 s for marsquakes at distances of up to 10°; (2) P-wave mMa mMa magnitude b ; (3) S-wave magnitude bS each defined at a period of 3 s and cali- MMa brated for distances from 5° to 100°; (4) surface-wave magnitude s defined at a MMa MMa period of 20 s, as well as (5) moment magnitudes FB ; and (6) F computed from the low-frequency (10–100 s) plateau of the displacement spectrum for either body waves or body and surface waves, respectively; we calibrate scales (4)–(6) for dis- tances from 5° to 180°. -
Pre-Mission Insights on the Interior of Mars Suzanne E
Pre-mission InSights on the Interior of Mars Suzanne E. Smrekar, Philippe Lognonné, Tilman Spohn, W. Bruce Banerdt, Doris Breuer, Ulrich Christensen, Véronique Dehant, Mélanie Drilleau, William Folkner, Nobuaki Fuji, et al. To cite this version: Suzanne E. Smrekar, Philippe Lognonné, Tilman Spohn, W. Bruce Banerdt, Doris Breuer, et al.. Pre-mission InSights on the Interior of Mars. Space Science Reviews, Springer Verlag, 2019, 215 (1), pp.1-72. 10.1007/s11214-018-0563-9. hal-01990798 HAL Id: hal-01990798 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01990798 Submitted on 23 Jan 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Open Archive Toulouse Archive Ouverte (OATAO ) OATAO is an open access repository that collects the wor of some Toulouse researchers and ma es it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author's version published in: https://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/21690 Official URL : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-018-0563-9 To cite this version : Smrekar, Suzanne E. and Lognonné, Philippe and Spohn, Tilman ,... [et al.]. Pre-mission InSights on the Interior of Mars. (2019) Space Science Reviews, 215 (1). -
Massachusetts Inst. of Thch.) 666 P HC A9NATIF A0L AEOA, CSCD 03F Unclas
lo2 to the " NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Contract NAS9-12334 -APOLLOPASSIVE SEISMICEXPERIMENT PARTICIPATION 'I NASA-CR-151882) LUNAR SEISMOLOGY: THE 1479-17782 INTERNAL STRUCTURE ORHE LOt Ph. Thesis (Massachusetts Inst. of Thch.) 666 p HC A9NATIF A0L AEOA, CSCD 03f Unclas 1 Januarya-19-12 -o 3.0 September .1978 G3/91' 1351 0 M. Nafi Toksbz- Principal Investigator Department of Earth and Planetar SciencesO Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 LUNAR SEISMOLOGY: THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE MOON by -Neal Rodney Goins Submitted to the Department of-Earth -and Planetary Sciences on May 24,.1978, in parti&l .flfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.. ABSTRACT, A primary goal of-the Apollo missions was the exploration and scientific study of the moon. The nature of the lunar interior is of particular interest for comparison with the earth and in studying comparative planetology. The principal experiment designed to study the lunar interior was the passive seismic experiment (PSE) included as part of the science package on missions 12, 14, 15, and 16. Thus seis mologists were provided with a uniqueopportunity ta study the seismicity and seismic characteristics of a second planetary 'bdy and ascertain if analysis methods developed on earth could illuminate the structure of the lunar interior. The lunar seismic data differ from terrestrial data in three major respects. First, the seismic sources are much smaller than on earth, so that no significant information has -been yet obtained for the 4v/ry deep lunar interior. Second, a strong, high Q scattering layer exists on the surface of the moon, resulting in very emergent seismic arrivals, long ringing-codas that obscure secondary (later arriving)-phases., and 'the-destruction of coherent dispersed surface wave trains. -
The Moon and Eclipses
Lecture 10 The Moon and Eclipses Jiong Qiu, MSU Physics Department Guiding Questions 1. Why does the Moon keep the same face to us? 2. Is the Moon completely covered with craters? What is the difference between highlands and maria? 3. Does the Moon’s interior have a similar structure to the interior of the Earth? 4. Why does the Moon go through phases? At a given phase, when does the Moon rise or set with respect to the Sun? 5. What is the difference between a lunar eclipse and a solar eclipse? During what phases do they occur? 6. How often do lunar eclipses happen? When one is taking place, where do you have to be to see it? 7. How often do solar eclipses happen? Why are they visible only from certain special locations on Earth? 10.1 Introduction The moon looks 14% bigger at perigee than at apogee. The Moon wobbles. 59% of its surface can be seen from the Earth. The Moon can not hold the atmosphere The Moon does NOT have an atmosphere and the Moon does NOT have liquid water. Q: what factors determine the presence of an atmosphere? The Moon probably formed from debris cast into space when a huge planetesimal struck the proto-Earth. 10.2 Exploration of the Moon Unmanned exploration: 1950, Lunas 1-3 -- 1960s, Ranger -- 1966-67, Lunar Orbiters -- 1966-68, Surveyors (first soft landing) -- 1966-76, Lunas 9-24 (soft landing) -- 1989-93, Galileo -- 1994, Clementine -- 1998, Lunar Prospector Achievement: high-resolution lunar surface images; surface composition; evidence of ice patches around the south pole. -
Mars Insight Launch Press Kit
Introduction National Aeronautics and Space Administration Mars InSight Launch Press Kit MAY 2018 www.nasa.gov 1 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents Introduction 4 Media Services 8 Quick Facts: Launch Facts 12 Quick Facts: Mars at a Glance 16 Mission: Overview 18 Mission: Spacecraft 30 Mission: Science 40 Mission: Landing Site 53 Program & Project Management 55 Appendix: Mars Cube One Tech Demo 56 Appendix: Gallery 60 Appendix: Science Objectives, Quantified 62 Appendix: Historical Mars Missions 63 Appendix: NASA’s Discovery Program 65 3 Introduction Mars InSight Launch Press Kit Introduction NASA’s next mission to Mars -- InSight -- will launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California as early as May 5, 2018. It is expected to land on the Red Planet on Nov. 26, 2018. InSight is a mission to Mars, but it is more than a Mars mission. It will help scientists understand the formation and early evolution of all rocky planets, including Earth. A technology demonstration called Mars Cube One (MarCO) will share the launch with InSight and fly separately to Mars. Six Ways InSight Is Different NASA has a long and successful track record at Mars. Since 1965, it has flown by, orbited, landed and roved across the surface of the Red Planet. None of that has been easy. Only about 40 percent of the missions ever sent to Mars by any space agency have been successful. The planet’s thin atmosphere makes landing a challenge; its extreme temperature swings make it difficult to operate on the surface. But if a spacecraft survives the trip, there’s a bounty of science to be collected. -
WILLIAM MAURICE EWING May 12, 1906-May 4, 1974
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WILLIAM MAURICE Ew ING 1906—1974 A Biographical Memoir by ED W A R D C . B ULLARD Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1980 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WASHINGTON D.C. WILLIAM MAURICE EWING May 12, 1906-May 4, 1974 BY EDWARD C. BULLARD* CHILDHOOD, 1906-1922 ILLIAM MAURICE EWING was born on May 12, 1906 in W Lockney, a town of about 1,200 inhabitants in the Texas panhandle. He rarely used the name William and was always known as Maurice. His paternal great-grandparents moved from Kentucky to Livingston County, Missouri, at some date before 1850. Their son John Andrew Ewing, Maurice's grandfather, fought for the Confederacy in the Civil War; while in the army he met two brothers whose family had also come from Kentucky to Missouri before 1850 and were living in De Kalb County. Shortly after the war he married their sister Martha Ann Robinson. Their son Floyd Ford Ewing, Maurice's father, was born in Clarkdale, Mis- souri, in 1879. In 1889 the family followed the pattern of the times and moved west to Lockney, Texas. Floyd Ewing was a gentle, handsome man with a liking for literature and music, whom fate had cast in the unsuitable roles of cowhand, dryland farmer, and dealer in hardware and farm implements. Since he kept his farm through the *This memoir is a corrected and slightly amplified version of one published by the Royal Society in their Biographical Memoirs (21:269-311, 1975). -
Apollo 17 Press
7A-/ a NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Washington. D . C . 20546 202-755-8370 FOR RELEASE: Sunday t RELEASE NO: 72-220K November 26. 1972 B PROJECT: APOLLO 17 (To be launched no P earlier than Dec . 6) R E contents 1-5 6-13 U APOLLC 17 MISSION OBJECTIVES .............14 LAUNCH OPERATIONS .................. 15-17 COUNTDOWN ....................... 18-21 Launch Windows .................. 20 3 Ground Elapsed Time Update ............ 20-21 LAUNCH AND MISSION PROFILE .............. 22-32 Launch Events .................. 24-26 Mission Events .................. 26-28 EVA Mission Events ................ 29-32 APOLLO 17 LANDING SITE ................ 33-36 LUNAR SURFACE SCIENCE ................ 37-55 S-IVB Lunar Impact ................ 37 ALSEP ...................... 37 K SNAP-27 ..................... 38-39 Heat Flow Experiment ............... 40 Lunar Ejecta and Meteorites ........... 41 Lunar Seismic Profiling ............. 41-42 I Lunar Atmospheric Composition Experiment ..... 43 Lunar Surface Gravimeter ............. 43-44 Traverse Gravimeter ............... 44-45 Surface Electrical Properties 45 I-) .......... T Lunar Neutron Probe ............... 46 1 Soil Mechanics .................. 46-47 Lunar Geology Investigation ........... 48-51 Lunar Geology Hand Tools ............. 52-54 Long Term Surface Exposure Experiment ...... 54-55 -more- November 14. 1972 i2 LUNAR ORBITAL SCIENCE ............... .5 6.61 Lunar Sounder ................. .5 6.57 Infrared Scanning Radiometer ......... .5 7.58 Far-Ultraviolet Spectrometer ..........5 -
Spacecraft Insight's Mission Is to Find Clues on How Mars First Formed
Spacecraft InSight's mission is to find clues on how Mars first formed By Washington Post, adapted by Newsela staff on 05.07.18 Word Count 759 Level 840L An illustration of the InSight lander on Mars. Photo by: NASA/JPL-Cal Tech What do you call an earthquake that happens on Mars? Scientists call it a marsquake. This is not a nerdy joke. It's an important part of the mission for NASA's newest spacecraft, InSight. The spacecraft launched early on the morning of Saturday, May 5. It carries tools to take the temperature and measure shakes deep beneath Mars' surface. Even the slightest shake could carry clues about how the planet formed. Scientists will also learn what goes on today beneath the planet's surface. Earth and Mars formed from the same ingredients. That was more than 4.5 billion years ago. InSight aims to help scientists understand why the two planets now look so different. This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com. 1 Suzanne Smrekar is a NASA scientist working on the project. She said one reason Earth looks different from Mars is plate tectonics. Plate tectonics means that the outer layer of the Earth is made from separate pieces, or plates. They move very slowly over time. As they move, they reshape the continents, creating volcanoes and causing earthquakes. InSight Will Study Quakes On Mars Plate tectonics also means that Earth's outer layer is made up of different material now than it was billions of years ago. Mars is different too. -
Marsquake Challenge
MARSQUAKE CHALLENGE Did you know Mars has earthquakes? Or rather… Marsquakes? Scientists theorize that these quakes DESIGN CHALLENGE are similar to what we experience here on Earth, however, it is unclear exactly what goes on beneath Build a model habitat the surface of Mars to cause them. Volcanic activity, that can survive a meteor impacts, and planetary shifting are believed simulated Marsquake. to be the source, yet there is still much to learn. In order to search for an answer, scientists are using data collected from the InSight lander to reveal information about the inner-workings of the Red Planet. InSight will not only help us determine the source of the quakes, but how often CRITERIA and severe they are as well. This information may be helpful to know since NASA is planning to send humans to live on Mars. If the planet experiences You can use any household materials to build, besides extreme quakes, it must be taken into consideration. Habitats must be built and tape. tested against conditions like quakes in order to safely achieve long-term human survival on Mars. To survive, your habitat must remain standing, without your help, during a “mild” HOW IT WORKS Marsquake*. In this activity, learners will attempt to design model habitats that can withstand a quake on Mars. To begin, build a If any element of your habitat collapses or falls off, it did not Marsquake table to simulate the planet’s shaking surface. survive. Then, build a habitat and test it to determine whether it can survive the quakes on Mars.