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UNIVERSITY of BELGRADE FACULTY of POLITICAL SCIENCE Regional Master's Program in Peace Studies MASTER's THESIS Revisiting T
UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Regional Master’s Program in Peace Studies MASTER’S THESIS Revisiting the Orange Revolution and Euromaidan: Pro-Democracy Civil Disobedience in Ukraine Academic supervisor: Student: Associate Professor Marko Simendić Olga Vasilevich 9/18 Belgrade, 2020 1 Content Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………3 1. Theoretical section……………………………………………………………………………..9 1.1 Civil disobedience…………………………………………………………………………9 1.2 Civil society……………………………………………………………………………... 19 1.3 Nonviolence……………………………………………………………………………... 24 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………… 31 2. Analytical section……………………………………………………………………………..33 2.1 The framework for disobedience………………………………………………….…….. 33 2.2 Orange Revolution………………………………………………………………………. 40 2.3 Euromaidan……………………………………………………………………………… 47 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………… 59 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………… 62 References……………………………………………………………………………………….67 2 INTRODUCTION The Orange Revolution and the Revolution of Dignity have precipitated the ongoing Ukraine crisis. According to the United Nations Rights Office, the latter has claimed the lives of 13,000 people, including those of unarmed civilian population, and entailed 30,000 wounded (Miller 2019). The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees adds to that 1.5 million internally displaced persons (IDPs), 100,000 refugees and asylum-seekers (UNHCR 2014). The armed conflict is of continued relevance to Russia, Europe, as well as the United States. During the first 10 months, -
The EU and Belarus – a Relationship with Reservations Dr
BELARUS AND THE EU: FROM ISOLATION TOWARDS COOPERATION EDITED BY DR. HANS-GEORG WIECK AND STEPHAN MALERIUS VILNIUS 2011 UDK 327(476+4) Be-131 BELARUS AND THE EU: FROM ISOLATION TOWARDS COOPERATION Authors: Dr. Hans-Georg Wieck, Dr. Vitali Silitski, Dr. Kai-Olaf Lang, Dr. Martin Koopmann, Andrei Yahorau, Dr. Svetlana Matskevich, Valeri Fadeev, Dr. Andrei Kazakevich, Dr. Mikhail Pastukhou, Leonid Kalitenya, Alexander Chubrik Editors: Dr. Hans-Georg Wieck, Stephan Malerius This is a joint publication of the Centre for European Studies and the Konrad- Adenauer-Stiftung. This publication has received funding from the European Parliament. Sole responsibility for facts or opinions expressed in this publication rests with the authors. The Centre for European Studies, the Konrad-Adenauer- Stiftung and the European Parliament assume no responsibility either for the information contained in the publication or its subsequent use. ISBN 978-609-95320-1-1 © 2011, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V., Sankt Augustin / Berlin © Front cover photo: Jan Brykczynski CONTENTS 5 | Consultancy PROJECT: BELARUS AND THE EU Dr. Hans-Georg Wieck 13 | BELARUS IN AN INTERnational CONTEXT Dr. Vitali Silitski 22 | THE EU and BELARUS – A Relationship WITH RESERvations Dr. Kai-Olaf Lang, Dr. Martin Koopmann 34 | CIVIL SOCIETY: AN analysis OF THE situation AND diRECTIONS FOR REFORM Andrei Yahorau 53 | Education IN BELARUS: REFORM AND COOPERation WITH THE EU Dr. Svetlana Matskevich 70 | State bodies, CONSTITUTIONAL REALITY AND FORMS OF RULE Valeri Fadeev 79 | JudiciaRY AND law -
Ukraine Local Elections, 25 October 2015
ELECTION OBSERVATION DELEGATION TO THE LOCAL ELECTIONS IN UKRAINE (25 October 2015) Report by Andrej PLENKOVIĆ, ChaIr of the Delegation Annexes: A - List of Participants B - EP Delegation press statement C - IEOM Preliminary Findings and Conclusions on 1st round and on 2nd round 1 IntroductIon On 10 September 2015, the Conference of Presidents authorised the sending of an Election Observation Delegation, composed of 7 members, to observe the local elections in Ukraine scheduled for 25 October 2015. The Election Observation Delegation was composed of Andrej Plenkovič (EPP, Croatia), Anna Maria Corazza Bildt (EPP, Sweden), Tonino Picula (S&D, Croatia), Clare Moody (S&D, United Kingdom), Jussi Halla-aho (ECR, Finland), Kaja Kallas (ALDE, Estonia) and Miloslav Ransdorf (GUE, Czech Republic). It conducted its activities in Ukraine between 23 and 26 October, and was integrated in the International Election Observation Mission (IEOM) organised by ODIHR, together with the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities. On election-day, members were deployed in Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odesa and Dnipropetrovsk. Programme of the DelegatIon In the framework of the International Election Observation Mission, the EP Delegation cooperated with the Delegation of the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities, headed by Ms Gudrun Mosler-Törnström (Austria), while the OSCE/ODIHR long-term Election Observation Mission headed by Tana de Zulueta (Italy). The cooperation with the OSCE/ODIHR and the Congress went as usual and a compromise on the joint statement was reached (see annex B). Due to the fact that only two parliamentary delegations were present to observe the local elections, and had rather different expectations as regards meetings to be organised, it was agreed between all parties to limit the joint programme to a briefing by the core team of the OSCE/ODIHR. -
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The Belarusian CRISIS And the Influence of Russia By Pavlo Troian, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine PHOTOS BY THE ASSOCIATED PRESS he large-scale protests after the August 2020 presidential election in Belarus are proof that many Belarusians are T not ready to accept the victory of incumbent President Alexander Lukashenko that was announced by the Central Election Commission. According to the official results, he won more than 80% of the votes. The situation was further aggra- vated by the unprecedented level of police violence against protesters who took to the streets to express their disagreement with the official election results. The Belarusian authorities relied on Russian support and accused the West of organizing protests with the aim of overthrowing the government. However, Lukashenko made similar accusations against Russia before the election protests. Why did the situation turn upside down? Let us consider the reasons. Lukashenko has ruled the country for 26 years and is the longest-reigning leader of a European country (not counting monarchs). He was first elected in 1994, and reelected in 2001, 2006, 2010 and 2015. In 2004, he initiated a referendum that removed from the constitution a limit to the maximum number of terms the same person can hold the presidency. During his tenure, Lukashenko has repeatedly been accused of restricting civil rights and freedoms and usurping power. There were accusa- tions of organizing political assassinations — several opponents of A woman in a former Belarusian national flag reacts as opposition supporters gather during a rally to protest the official presidential election results. per Concordiam 55 Lukashenko disappeared without a trace in the late 1990s and army, parliament, council of ministers and other suprana- early 2000s. -
The Belarus Free Theatre: Performing Resistance and Democracy
#10 THE BELARUS FREE THEATRE: PERFORMING RESISTANCE AND DEMOCRACY Kathleen Elphick Independent Scholar [email protected] Recommended citation || ELPHICK, Kathleen (2014): “The Belarus Free Theatre: Performing Resistance and Democracy” [online article], 452ºF. Electronic journal of theory of literature and comparative literature, 10, 111-127, [Consulted on: dd/mm/aa], <http://www.452f.com/pdf/ numero10/10_452f-mono-kathleen-elphick-orgnl.pdf> Illustration || Cristina Keller 111 Article || Received on: 31/07/2013 | International Advisory Board’s suitability: 15/11/2013 | Published: 01/2014 License || Creative Commons Attribution Published -Non commercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. 452ºF Abstract || This article examines the struggle between the dictatorship of the Lukashenko government and the Belarus Free Theatre over performance space in Minsk. As a performance of power, the state restricts the ability of the Free Theatre to perform in Minsk, forcing them to stage their theatre underground. The Belarus Free Theatre counters this censorship by enacting a form of ‘performative resistance’ that redefines modes of political participation and facilitates the creation of democratic spaces through the event of their performances. Keywords || Public Space | Dictatorship | Theatre | Performative Resistance. 112 Since 1994, the government of Alexander Lukashenko has restricted rights such as free speech and assembly in public places in Belarus. - Kathleen Elphick Various individuals have been jailed, or ‘disappeared,’ for voicing -
Ukraine's Elections Will Be Free and Fair
Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 08/17/'J,017 1:39:30 PM Real Clear World Ukraine's Elections Will Be Free and Fair By Mikhail Okhendovskyy Select Language v October 24, 2012 With Ukraine's Oct. 28 .parliamentary elections just a few days away, the cquntry is l'l'l_aki_ng final preparations to ensure that they are credible and transparent. The stakes are high. U~raJni_a_n au,th:orities have made it clear that European integration is a top priority and therefore, the intematior:ia:I cClmm_u:nity Will be watcning closely. We welcome the scrutiny, As a m_ember of th.e independent Central Beciion Commission · (CEC), it is my job to ensure that the el!lciions are deemed free and fai.r. My prediction, as I told U.S. government representatives and non-govemment_al organizations during a recent trip tci the American capital, is that, notwithstanding SClt-n.e reserva_tiO:n:s concerning a few technical details, this fall's elections will not just meet but exceed intematicnal electoral. !>~n:d_a_rds fO:r fai_rneS:s and transpalericy. This is:i~ large part du~ t9 ne~ legi_sla_tion that iYas designed With assistance fr:om the Venice Commission and the Organization for SecµriJ:y a_nd Co-operation in Europ_e (OSCE}. The new law was .supported by international and dome,stic expe~. and the people of Ukraine. It was adopted by more than 80 percent of Ukraine's parliament members, incl_ud)ng representatives from every faction - both the ruling coalition and the opposition. T_he new electiClr1 law ta-introduces a mixed electoral system under which half the country's 450 represent¢ive_s are elecled in single-member districts and half through proportional representation in a s_ingle nation)Nide constituency. -
Hate Speech in the Media Landscape of Crimea
HATE SPEECH IN THE MEDIA LANDSCAPE OF CRIMEA AN INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL REPORT ON THE SPREAD OF HATE SPEECH ON THE TERRITORY OF THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA (MARCH 2014 — JULY 2017) Kyiv — 2018 UDC 32.019.5:323.266:327(477.75+47 0) Authors: Oleksandr Burmahyn Tetiana Pechonchyk Iryna Sevoda Olha Skrypnyk Review: Viacheslav Lykhachev Translation: Anastasiia Morenets Proofreading: Steve Doyle Hate Speech in the Media Landscape of Crimea: An Information and Analytical Report on the Spread of Hate Speech on the Territory of the Crimean Peninsula (March 2014 – July 2017) / under the general editorship of I. Sedova and T. Pechonchyk. – Kyiv, 2018. — 40 p. ISBN 978-966-8977-81-7 This publication presents the outcome of documenting and classifying facts on the use of hate speech on the territory of the occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea and city of Sevastopol from April 2014 to July 2017. This publication uses material from mass media that have been disseminated in the territory of Crimea since the occupation of the peninsula by the Russian Federation, as well as information from open sources, including information resources from the authorities of Ukraine, Russian Federation and Crimean de-facto authorities, Crimean Human Rights Group and Human Rights Information Centre. This publication is intended for the representatives of state authorities, educational and research institutions, diplomatic missions, international, non-governmental and human rights organizations Crimean Human Rights Group (CHRG) — is an organization of Crimean human rights defenders and journalists aimed at promoting the observance and protection of human rights in Crimea by documenting the violations of human rights and international humanitarian law on the territory of the Crimean peninsula as well as attracting wide attention to these issues and searching for methods and elaborating instruments to defend human rights in Crimea. -
The Role of Popular Music Forms in the Construction of Cultural Identities in Post-Soviet Belarus: Discourses and Practices of Young Belarusians
The Role of Popular Music Forms in the Construction of Cultural Identities in Post-Soviet Belarus: Discourses and Practices of Young Belarusians Approved dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Dr. phil.) at the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, School of Linguistics and Cultural Studies, Institute of Music by Anastasia Wakengut, M.A. born on 15 November 1981 in Jezkazgan Primary supervisor: Prof. Dr. Susanne Binas-Preisendörfer Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg Co-supervisor: Prof. Dr. Michael Huber University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna Date of disputation: 25 January 2019 Acknowledgements The process which resulted in this thesis involved a lot of people, who contributed to it in various ways. First of all, I would like to thank all my interviewees as well as the focus group respondents who shared their experiences and their stories, and who thus became the protagonists of this work. I would like to express my gratitude to my academic advisor Prof. Dr. Susanne Binas- Preisendörfer, who always emphasized the relevance of this study and was very encouraging from inception to completion of the thesis. Also, I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Michael Huber for his expert advice in the statistical part of the dissertation. The opportunity to conduct this study was provided by the post-graduate studies programme “The Construction of Identities of Young Adults in a Post-Socialist Society in Transformation: The Case of Belarus” (Helene-Lange-Kolleg). I would like to thank all its members for the constructive co-work, and especially the programme coordinator, Prof. -
DORMAN-THESIS-2018.Pdf
Copyright by Volha Dorman 2018 The Thesis Committee for Volha Dorman Certifies that this is the approved version of the following Thesis: Belarusian government’s persecution of the first Polish foreign satellite channel Belsat TV APPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: Lorinc Redei, Supervisor Vladislav Beronja Belarusian government’s persecution of the first Polish foreign satellite channel Belsat TV by Volha Dorman Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts The University of Texas at Austin December 2018 Abstract Belarusian government’s persecution of the first Polish foreign satellite channel Belsat TV Volha Dorman, M. A. The University of Texas at Austin, 2018 Supervisor: Lorinc Redei Belsat TV is one of the most successful projects of the Polish government, created with a goal of providing Belarusians with an alternative source of news that is broadcast in the Belarusian language. An enormous contribution of the journalists of Belsat TV in creating political transparency in Belarus by live streaming the events where the erosion of human rights could be found on full display made it a target of the Belarusian government’s persecution. During the ten years of the channel’s broadcasting to Belarus, the country’s authorities applied various methods of persecutions to hinder its works. The research of this Master’s thesis centers around the fluctuation in the Belarusian government’s repression of Belsat TV over the past decade. Comprehension of the reasons that cause these fluctuations can help policymakers of the countries that aspire to build stronger ties with Belarus to make more precise predictions about Lukashenko’s government’s response to a variety of their rapprochement tactics. -
Musicologica 22.Indd
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS PALACKIANAE OLOMUCENSIS FACULTAS PHILOSOPHICA PHILOSOPHICA – AESTHETICA 46 – 2015 MUSICOLOGICA OLOMUCENSIA 22 Universitas Palackiana Olomucensis 2015 Musicologica Olomucensia Editor-in-chief: Lenka Křupková Editorial Board: Michael Beckerman – New York University, NY; Mikuláš Bek – Masaryk University, Brno; Roman Dykast – Academy of Performing Arts, Prague; Jarmila Gabrielová – Charles University, Prague; Lubomír Chalupka – Komenský University, Bratislava; Magdalena Dziadek – Jagiellonian University in Kraków; Jan Vičar – Palacký University, Olomouc Executive editor of Volume 22 (December 2015): Jan Blüml „Zpracování a vydání publikace bylo umožněno díky fi nanční podpoře udělené roku 2015 Ministerstvem školství, mládeže a tělovýchovy ČR v rámci Institucionálního rozvojového plánu, programu V. Excelence ve vzdělávání, Filozofi cké fakultě Univerzity Palackého v Olomouci: Podpora časopisů vydávaných na FF UP.“ „Processing and publication of this issue was made possible through the fi nancial sup- port granted in 2015 by Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the Institutional development plan, program V. Excellence in Education, to Faculty of Arts, Palacký University in Olomouc: Support of the journals published on FF UP.“ The scholarly journal Musicologica Olomucensia has been published twice a year (in June and December) since 2010 and follows up on the Palacký University proceedings Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis – Musicologica Olomucensia (founded in 1993) and Kritické edice -
The Struggle for Survival of Independent Newspapers and the Role of New Media During the 2006 Belarus Presidential Elections
The Struggle for Survival of Independent Newspapers and the Role of New Media during the 2006 Belarus Presidential Elections. Andrei Khrapavitski A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication. Chapel Hill 2007 Approved by Advisor: Professor Lucila Vargas Reader: Professor Cathy Packer Reader: Profe ssor Margaret Henderson ABSTRACT ANDREI KHRAPAVITSKI: The Struggle for Survival of Independent Newspapers and the Role of New Media during the 2006 Belarus Presidential Elections. (Under the direction of Lucila Vargas) The 2006 Presidential race was a watershed for the Belarusian independent press because the government embarked on cleansing the independent print journalism that had emerged in 1991, when the country became independent from the Soviet Union. The election was also marked by the transiti on of some independent newspapers from print to online and the vibrant development of citizen journalism in the Belarusian cyberspace. Based on a case study approach, this Master’s thesis explores the demise of the traditional press and the emergence of ne w alternative sources of information that tried to substitute for the silenced traditional media in Belarus during the period of the 2006 Presidential Election campaign, from October 2005 to March 25, 2006 . ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I. INTRODUCTION ................................ ................................ ............................... -
Belarus Page 1 of 28
Country Report on Human Rights Practices in Belarus Page 1 of 28 Belarus Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2007 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor March 11, 2008 Under its constitution, the Republic of Belarus, with a population of 9.7 million, has a directly elected president and a bicameral National Assembly. Since his election in 1994 as president, Alexander Lukashenko has systematically undermined the country's democratic institutions and concentrated power in the executive branch through authoritarian means, flawed referenda, manipulated elections, and arbitrary decrees that undermine the rule of law. Presidential elections in March 2006 that declared Lukashenko president for a third consecutive term again failed to meet international standards for democratic elections. The government continued to ignore recommendations by major international organizations to improve election processes and human rights. Civilian authorities generally maintained effective control of the security forces; however, members of the security forces committed numerous human rights abuses. The government's human rights record remained very poor and worsened in some areas as government authorities continued to commit frequent serious abuses. The government failed to account for past disappearances of opposition political figures and journalists. Prison conditions were extremely poor, and there were numerous reports of abuse of prisoners and detainees. Arbitrary arrests, detentions, and imprisonment of citizens for political reasons, criticizing officials, or for participating in demonstrations were common. Court trials occasionally were conducted behind closed doors without the benefit of independent observers. The judiciary branch lacked independence and trial outcomes were usually predetermined. The government further restricted civil liberties, including freedoms of press, speech, assembly, association, and religion.