DOCSLIB.ORG

Collective Behavior of Asperities As a Model for Friction and Adhesion

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Collective Behavior of Asperities As a Model for Friction and Adhesion Collective behavior of asperities as a model for friction and adhesion Thesis by Srivatsan Hulikal In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 2015 (Defended 14th April 2015) ii 5/3/2015 Try Google Input Tools online – Google Input Tools ಸಂೕಹೕಕೃಲ ಂದಲ ಇಂ ನಂ ಂಂಂದಲ ಂ ೕದಂದದ ಮನಂ ಇಂೕ ಮತತ ಮಂಮ ­ c 2015 Srivatsan Hulikal All Rights Reserved data:text/html;charset=utf-8,%3Cspan%20style%3D%22color%3A%20rgb(0%2C%200%2C%200)%3B%20font-family%3A%20arial%2C%20sans-serif%3B%20fo… 1/1 iii To my parents and my sister for giving me an idyllic childhood iv Acknowledgments It gives me great pleasure to thank the many people who have made this thesis possible. First, I would like to thank my advisors Prof. Nadia Lapusta and Prof. Kaushik Bhattacharya. One is lucky to find one good advisor, I consider myself doubly fortu- nate to have been able to work with two wonderful people. I was given all the freedom in the world to pursue anything that interested me. It is nice when you can just say \why?", and there is someone who is willing, patient, and even happy to answer your questions. Kaushik has been that person for me the last few years. His ability to distill a problem to its essence is remarkable, and I hope I have developed some of it over the years. A PhD is not without its hard times, and on many occasions when I have been despondent, meeting Nadia has helped me look at the situation in a more positive light. I hope I can carry the attitude for the rest of my life. I should also thank Nadia for asking me to smile more. Nadia, I promise to try. I would like to thank Prof. Guruswami Ravichandran and Prof. Jose Andrade for serving on my committee and their suggestions with respect to this work. In spite of his busy schedule, Ravi has always found time to meet with me any time I asked. Thank you Ravi for your invaluable advice. My life at Caltech has also given some of the best friendships which I hope will last the rest of my life. Ninja, B, Teja, Maha, Batuk, and Gopi, your friendship is one of the most valuable things I take away from Caltech, thank you guys. I will forever cherish the time I have spent with Jeff, Aubrie, Ellie, Cindy, Theva, Mythili, Navaneet, and Swetha. Most of the C++ and parallel programming I know, I learnt in a few sessions with Jeff. I cannot thank him enough for his patience and helpful v nature. Mauri, Gal, Zubaer, thank you guys for being amazing friends and sharing your experience and advice with me, I miss walking periodically to your office and disturbing you. I would also like to thank all members of Kaushik's and Nadia's groups for being great colleagues. To Ashish, Subbu, Phanish, Naresh, Bharat, Piya, Mike Mello, Aaron, Gerry, Asghar, and many other friends who made my stay at Caltech enjoyable, thank you. I also want to thank Shalva, Shashi, Sanju, Sonu, Venkatesh, Prabha, Neha, Sahana, Raghunandan, Kiran, and Nishita for all their warmth and being my family in this country. I also thank Carolina, Leslie, Lynn, Cheryl, Chris, and Maria for all their help over the years. Looking back, I realize I had an idyllic childhood, one that could have been straight out of an RK Narayan book. I find it hard to even imagine how it could have been better. For this and their unwavering love and support, I am very grateful to my parents, Sampath Kumaran and Sumithra, and my sister, Srilatha. vi Contents Acknowledgments iv Abstract xi 1 Introduction1 1.1 Motivation and background.......................1 1.1.1 Motivation.............................1 1.1.2 Overview of historical studies of friction............2 1.1.3 Rate and state effects.......................5 1.2 Overview of the thesis.......................... 11 1.2.1 Point of view........................... 11 1.2.2 Outline of the thesis....................... 13 2 Collective behavior of independent viscoelastic asperities interacting through a mean field 15 2.1 Basic ingredients............................. 15 2.1.1 Single asperity.......................... 16 2.1.2 Rough surfaces.......................... 18 2.1.3 Local friction law......................... 18 2.2 Static friction............................... 20 2.2.1 Formulation............................ 20 2.2.2 Nondimensionalization...................... 22 2.2.3 Static friction evolution..................... 23 2.3 Kinetic friction.............................. 26 vii 2.3.1 Formulation............................ 26 2.3.2 Nondimensionalization...................... 27 2.3.3 From one to many........................ 28 2.3.4 The case of pure white noise................... 29 2.3.5 Monte Carlo method....................... 30 2.3.6 Test of Monte Carlo method................... 30 2.3.7 Velocity jump test........................ 31 2.3.8 Velocity strengthening vs. velocity weakening......... 35 2.3.9 Distribution of forces on asperities............... 36 2.3.10 Characteristic slip distance.................... 36 2.3.11 Parametric study......................... 37 2.3.12 Comparison with rate and state formulations.......... 38 2.3.13 State variable........................... 39 2.3.14 Moment as a state variable.................... 40 2.4 Nonlinear contact model......................... 41 2.5 Multiple timescales............................ 42 2.6 Concluding remarks............................ 42 3 Static and sliding contact of rough surfaces: effect of surface rough- ness, material properties, and long-range elastic interactions 45 3.1 Introduction................................ 45 3.2 Model................................... 46 3.2.1 Nondimensionalization...................... 49 3.2.2 Algorithm............................. 50 3.2.3 Computational Memory and Complexity considerations.... 52 3.2.4 Rough surface generation..................... 52 3.3 Validation using Hertzian contact.................... 54 3.4 Static contact............................... 55 3.4.1 Evolution of contact and force distribution........... 56 3.4.2 Dilatation, area, and friction evolution............. 57 viii 3.4.3 Dependence on normal pressure and system size........ 60 3.4.4 Dependence on surface roughness................ 61 3.4.5 Dependence on viscoelastic properties.............. 63 3.5 Sliding contact.............................. 63 3.5.1 Evolution of contacts....................... 64 3.5.2 Velocity jump test........................ 66 3.5.3 Dependence on velocity and viscoelasticity........... 69 3.5.4 Magnitude of the direct effect.................. 72 3.5.5 Normal stress jump and pulse tests............... 72 3.5.6 Dependence of characteristic slip on roughness and viscoelasticity 74 3.5.7 Convergence with increasing spatial frequency......... 76 3.6 Conclusion................................. 77 4 Static and sliding contact of viscoplastic rough surfaces 79 4.1 Elastic-viscoplastic model........................ 79 4.2 Static Contact............................... 81 4.3 Sliding contact.............................. 82 4.4 Dependence on temperature....................... 83 4.5 Concluding remarks............................ 84 5 Inclusion of adhesive interactions 86 5.1 Previous studies.............................. 87 5.2 A single degree-of-freedom (DOF) system................ 88 5.2.1 Nondimensional surface energyγ ¯ < 1.............. 90 5.2.2 Nondimensional surface energyγ ¯ > 1.............. 91 5.3 Ensemble of independent adhesive elements............... 96 5.3.1 Loading.............................. 97 5.3.2 Unloading............................. 97 5.3.3 Energy dissipation........................ 98 5.3.4 Force evolution.......................... 98 5.3.5 Depth-dependence of adhesive strength............. 100 ix 5.3.6 Dependence of adhesive strength on roughness......... 100 5.3.7 Depth-dependent energy dissipation............... 101 5.3.8 Dependence of energy dissipation on surface roughness and sur- face energy............................ 102 5.4 Extension to three dimensions...................... 103 5.4.1 Formulation............................ 103 5.4.2 Numerical implementation.................... 105 5.4.3 Nondimensionalization...................... 107 5.4.4 Indentation of an elastic spherical surface............ 107 5.4.5 Effect of adhesion on rough surface friction........... 109 5.4.6 Viscoelastic adhesive contact................... 109 5.5 Concluding remarks............................ 110 6 A force threshold model for adhesion and mode I interfacial cracks111 6.1 Introduction................................ 111 6.2 Formulation................................ 111 6.3 Algorithm................................. 113 6.4 Indentation of a spherical surface.................... 116 6.5 Dependence on discretization size.................... 117 6.6 Scaling of critical force with discretization size............. 118 6.7 Is 0:75 the magic number?........................ 119 6.8 The case with no elastic interactions.................. 122 6.9 Concluding remarks............................ 123 7 Conclusion 125 7.1 Summary................................. 125 7.2 Future work................................ 126 7.2.1 Effects of shear forces at the contacts.............. 126 7.2.2 Effects of temperature...................... 127 7.2.3 Sliding stability.......................... 127 x Appendices 129 A Rough surface generation 130 A.1 Gaussian autocorrelation......................... 133 A.2 Exponential autocorrelation....................... 135 Bibliography 137 xi Abstract Understanding friction and adhesion in static and sliding contact of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Professor Duncan Dowson
    1 Professor Duncan Dowson A distinguished engineer and engineering scientist and a leader in the field of tribology. Duncan Dowson was born at Kirbymoorside and raised in his beloved North Yorkshire Moors. After gaining his High School Certificate in 1947 at Lady Lumley’s Grammar School in Pickering, he studied in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Leeds, gaining his first degree in 1950. His postgraduate study, also at Leeds, and under the supervision of the then Head of Department, Professor (later Sir) Derman Guy Christopherson, led to the award of his doctorate in 1952 for a thesis entitled “Cavitation in lubricating films supporting small loads”. The study of the phenomenon of cavitation remained a lifelong interest. After a two year period with the Sir W.G. Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft Company, Duncan returned to the University of Leeds as a Lecturer in 1954. He remained for the rest of his working life in Leeds, being appointed Senior Lecturer in 1963, Reader in 1965 and Professor of Engineering Fluid Mechanics and Tribology in 1966. He was a member of the working party established by Lord Bowden, Minister of State for Education and Science, to examine Lubrication, Education and Research in 1964. The Jost Committee (as the working party became known after its chairman) promoted the adoption of the word ‘Tribology’ defined as the ‘science and technology of interacting surfaces in relative motion under practices related thereto’. Tribology, which is mainly concerned with the lubrication, friction and wear of moving parts in machinery, has blossomed to be an important element of industrial and higher education interest.
    [Show full text]
  • Albert Kingsbury – His Life and Times
    Albert Kingsbury – His Life and Times Jim McHugh, Consultant, Tucson, Arizona This article is a tribute to a great American inventor, teacher Falls, OH. In the year of his 1880 graduation the United States and entrepreneur. His invention of the tilting pad thrust bear- consisted of only 39 states. The land expanse from “sea to shin- ing more than 100 years ago eventually revolutionized thrust ing sea” was interrupted by territories, such as Idaho, Montana, bearing designs, permitting a more than ten fold increase in the Dakotas, and New Mexico. The entry of Arizona, the last acceptable unit thrust loads on rotating machinery while si- territory, into the Union was still 32 years distant. multaneously drastically lowering frictional losses. This ar- At the time of Kingsbury’s birth the United States popula- ticle briefly traces how the unique qualities of Albert tion was less than 40 million; most people lived on farms or in Kingsbury brought about this fundamental innovation despite small villages. By the time of his high school graduation in 1880 the obstacles he faced. the total population of the United States had increased 25% to 50 million people. New York City ranked No.1 in popula- The tilting pad thrust bearing was first conceived and tested tion with 1.2 million. Only 20 cities had populations more than by Albert Kingsbury (Figure 1) more than 100 years ago and 100,000, compared with 195 cities in 1990. In 1880 the city of eventually revolutionized thrust bearing design. It allowed a Springfield, IL ranked 100th with nearly 20,000 people.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Southampton Research Repository Eprints Soton
    University of Southampton Research Repository ePrints Soton Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination http://eprints.soton.ac.uk UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS School of Engineering Sciences Abrasion-corrosion of Cast CoCrMo in Simulated Hip Joint Environments by Dan Sun Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2009 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, SCIENCE & MATHEMATICS SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES Doctor of Philosophy By Dan Sun Metal-on-metal (MoM) hip joint replacements have been increasingly used for younger and more active patients in recent years due to their improved wear performance compared to conventional metal-on-polymer bearings. MoM bearings operate at body temperature within a corrosive joint environment and therefore are inevitably being subjected to wear and corrosion as well as the combined action of tribo-corrosion. Issues such as metal sensitivity/metallosis associated with high levels of metal ion release triggered by the wear and corrosion products remain critical concerns.
    [Show full text]
  • Combating 21St Century Challenges in Manufacturing: Reducing Friction, Vibration and Wear
    COMBATING 21ST CENTURY CHALLENGES IN MANUFACTURING: REDUCING FRICTION, VIBRATION AND WEAR 4 November The AMRC with Boeing, Rotherham, South Yorkshire Tribology Group www.imeche.org/events/S6169 Seminar COMBATING 21ST CENTURY CHALLENGES IN MANUFACTURING 4 November 2014, The Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre with Boeing, Rotherham, South Yorkshire BENEFITS OF ATTENDANCE: • Discover the latest developments for COMBATING 21ST CENTURY integrating condition monitoring into CHALLENGES IN MANUFACTURING standard products with Siemens ADDRESSES THE DIFFERENT • Explore the application of tribological APPLICATIONS AVAILABLE FOR testing and analysis with Cummins MANUFACTURERS THAT AVOID Turbo Technologies MACHINE DOWNTIME, POOR • Gain insight into how lubricants improve PRODUCT DESIGN AND INCORRECT energy efficiency with a presentation MATERIAL SELECTION. from Shell • Hear BAE Systems compare the Manufacturing contributes £6.7 trillion to the global latest innovations versus conventional economy, 11% of the UK’s GVA (gross added value,) 54% of techniques, alongside the Advanced UK exports and directly employs 2.6 million people. This is an exceptionally valuable industry and it is therefore Manufacturing Research Centre essential that potential improvements are explored and • Develop diagnostic manufacturing additional costs and delays are avoided. capabilities with insight from the Across multiple industries, manufacturing is united University of Sheffield in improving productivity, asset management and maintenance, responding to energy efficiency pressures. This seminar will provide you with the opportunity to learn from large scale manufacturers and will provide you with further opportunities to evaluate conventional techniques compared to new innovations, all in order to improve ROI. Build your understanding of: The ability to manufacture and maintain complex shapes with precision and control is essential for manufacturers.
    [Show full text]
  • Tribology and Dowson
    lubricants Editorial Tribology and Dowson Nicholas John Morris 1 , Patricia M. Johns-Rahnejat 2,* and Homer Rahnejat 2 1 Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK; [email protected] 2 The School of Engineering, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire PR1 2HE, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 3 June 2020; Accepted: 4 June 2020; Published: 9 June 2020 1. Introduction It is with great sadness that we note the passing of Professor Duncan Dowson on 6th January 2020. Duncan was an esteemed member of the Editorial Board of this journal. He will be remembered as one of the founding fathers of tribology and as a true gentleman. He was the last living member of the Jost Committee, set up by the UK Government (1964–1966) to investigate the state of lubrication education and research, and to establish the requirements of industry in this regard [1]. This committee coined the term “tribology”. Duncan contributed to many areas of tribological research and established many of them, including elastohydrodynamic theory and biotribology. His research interests have provided both academic and practising industrial tribologists with many analytical tools and methods, including the Dowson and Higginson extrapolated oil film thickness formula for the prediction of minimum film thickness in lubricated line contacts, and the Hamrock and Dowson oil film thickness formula for lubricated point contacts. He also provided a formula for film thickness for hip joint prostheses, which emanated from his innovative research on the design of pioneering total hip arthroplasty in the 1960s.
    [Show full text]
  • Tribological Capabilities of Carbon Based Nano Additives in Liquid and Semi-Liquid Lubricants
    Tribological Capabilities of Carbon Based Nano Additives in Liquid and Semi-liquid Lubricants by Jankhan Patel A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science in Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Ontario Tech University Oshawa, Ontario, Canada April, 2019 c Jankhan Patel, 2019 THESIS EXAMINATION INFORMATION Submitted by: Jankhan Patel Master of Applied Science in Mechanical Engineering Tribological Capabilities of Carbon Based Nano Additives in Liquid and Semi-liquid Lubricants An oral defense of this thesis took place on April 16, 2019 in front of the following examining committee: Examining Committee: Chair of Examining Committee Dr. Martin Agelin-Chaab Research Supervisor Dr. Amirkianoosh Kiani Examining Committee Member Dr. Jaho Seo External Examiner Dr. Shaghayegh Bagheri The above committee determined that the thesis is acceptable in form and content and that a satisfactory knowledge of the field covered by the thesis was demon- strated by the candidate during an oral examination. A signed copy of the Cer- tificate of Approval is available from the School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies i Abstract The growing population, the environmental challenges and limitations of nonre- newable resources have enforced researchers to improve the energy efficiency and reduce energy wastage in all industrial sectors including manufacturing and auto- motive. The significant losses in the automotive and manufacturing industries are associated with frictional energy between the mating surfaces. In addition, high frictional forces accumulate material removal rate which directly affects the ser- vice life, efficiency, and maintenance cost of the components. This results into loss of functionality and efficiency depletion of the systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Drivetrain Noise and Vibration Refinement for Automotive Applications
    Impact case study (REF3b) Institution: Loughborough University Unit of Assessment: B12 Aeronautical, Mechanical, Chemical and Manufacturing Engineering Title of case study: Drivetrain noise and vibration refinement for automotive applications 1. Summary of the impact (indicative maximum 100 words) Reducing vehicle noise and vibration is a key quality objective in the automotive industry. Historically, the approach has been costly palliation late in the manufacturing process; now a new approach applied earlier in the vehicle development cycle has been devised by Loughborough University and Ford and implemented at Ford that has led to savings of $7 per vehicle with respect to clutch in-cycle vibration (whoop). Ford has reported savings of $10M over 5 years, whilst reductions in transmission rattle have led to 5% fuel efficiency gains [5.1]. Ford has made an investment of £240M in its engine and transmission work at Bridgend, which includes aspects of work reported here and has created 600 new jobs [5.2]. 2. Underpinning research (indicative maximum 500 words) Fuel efficiency and reduced emissions are key drivers for vehicle development, whilst customer- driven demand is for improved efficiency and enhanced performance. These conflicting requirements lead to higher levels of noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) [3.1, 3.2]. In the 1990s, the industry was unprepared to deal with this in a fundamental, scientific and cost effective manner. Ford, the UK’s leading volume manufacturer (19% of the UK market) had the vision to develop a fundamental and generic approach to powertrain refinement, dealing with specific concerns such as clutch take-up judder [3.4], in-cycle vibration (whoop) [3.3], driveline shuffle and elasto-acoustic response (clonk) [3.5, G3.1] and transmission rattle [3.1,3.6].
    [Show full text]
  • Engineering at the Interface Revisited I C Gebeshuber1,2 1Institut Fuer Allgemeine Physik, Vienna University of Technology, Wien, Austria
    JMES 50TH ANNIVERSARY ISSUE PAPER 65 Engineering at the interface revisited I C Gebeshuber1,2 1Institut fuer Allgemeine Physik, Vienna University of Technology, Wien, Austria. email: [email protected]; [email protected] 2Austrian Center of Competence for Tribology AC2T Research GmbH., Neustadt, Austria The manuscript was received on 15 April 2008 and was accepted after revision for publication on 22 August 2008. DOI: 10.1243/09544062JMES1138 Abstract: Three publications from Part C which strongly influenced the development of the field of lubrication in human joints are revisited and their impact on the field is outlined. Furthermore, the impact of the Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science on the field of lubrication and wear in living and artificial human joints is analysed. ‘Analysis of “boosted lubrication” in human joints’ by Duncan Dowson, Anthony Unsworth, and Verna Wright appeared in 1970, ‘The lubrication of porous elastic solids with reference to the functioning of human joints’ by Gordon R. Higginson and Roger Norman was published in 1974, and ‘Engineering at the interface’ by Duncan Dowson addressed the audience in 1992. Keywords: lubrication, biotribology, human joints, key publications 1 SYNOPSIS OF THE THREE ARTICLES with ‘boosted lubrication’ between 1968 and 2007. In short, the squeeze-film action leads to concentration 1.1 ‘Analysis of “boosted lubrication” in human of hyaluronic acid-protein complex in the lubricant joints’ by D. Dowson, A. Unsworth, and V. as a result of diffusion of water and low molecular Wright. Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, Part C: J. weight substances through the porous cartilage and Mechanical Engineering Science, 1970, 12, the restricted gap between the approaching cartilage 364–369 surfaces.
    [Show full text]
  • Encyclopedia of Tribology
    Encyclopedia of Tribology Q. Jane Wang and Yip-Wah Chung (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Tribology With 3650 Figures and 493 Tables Editors Q. Jane Wang Yip-Wah Chung Department of Mechanical Engineering and Center for Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Center Surface Engineering and Tribology for Surface Engineering and Tribology Northwestern University Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA Evanston, IL, USA ISBN 978-0-387-92896-8 ISBN 978-0-387-92897-5 (eBook) ISBN 978-0-387-92898-2 (print and electronic bundle) DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-92897-5 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013939053 © Springer ScienceþBusiness Media New York 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Joint Simulators
    This is a repository copy of Physical Joint Simulators. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/101433/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Dowson, D and Unsworth, A (2016) Physical Joint Simulators. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, 230 (5). pp. 345-346. ISSN 0954-4119 https://doi.org/10.1177/0954411916642073 Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Physical Joint Simulators Duncan Dowson, University of Leeds, UK Anthony Unsworth, Durham University, UK Physical Joint Simulators have been part of the preclinical assessment of artificial joints for at least 40 years, although it is fair to say that their complexity has changed remarkably over time. Initially, these tended to be simple pendulum machines, whereas nowadays, full three-dimensional force and motion simulators help to evaluate hips, knees, ankles, fingers, shoulders and spines.
    [Show full text]
  • New PDF Document
    Find My Rep | Login | Contact Search: keyword, title, 0 Search Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 2016 Impact Factor: 1.015 2016 Ranking: 91/130 in Engineering, Mechanical Source: 2016 Journal Citation Reports® (Clarivate Analytics, 2017) Published in Association with Institution of Mechanical Engineers Editor J W Chew University of Surrey, UK Editor Emeritus Emeritus Professor Duncan Dowson University of Leeds, UK Share Associate Editors S Abrate Southern Illinois University, USA T Berruti Politecnico di Torino, Italy D Croccolo University of Bologna, Italy V Crupi University of Messina, Italy L Cui Curtin University, Australia J Dai King's College London, UK L Dala Northumbria University, UK R G Dominy Durham University, UK G Epasto University of Messina, Italy I C Gebeshuber Vienna University of Technology, Austria G Genta Politecnico di Torino, Italy S Heimbs Airbus, Germany M Ichchou École Centrale de Lyon, France S Leigh University of Warwick, UK P Liatsis The Petroleum Institute, UAE X Luo University of Strathclyde, UK G McShane University of Cambridge, UK M Paggi IMT Insitute For Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy F Romeo Sapienza University of Rome, Italy S de Rosa Universita Degli Studi Di Napoli, Italy D Symons University of Cambridge, UK J Szwedowicz Siemens, Switzerland D T Pham Cardiff University, UK S Theodossiades Loughborough University, UK G Wei University of Salford, UK Z Xu Tianjin University, China S Zucca Politecnico di Torino, Italy Other Titles
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to the 43Rd Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology 2016 Special Issue ‘Tribology (The Jost Report – 50 Years On)’
    This is a repository copy of Introduction to the 43rd Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology 2016 special issue ‘Tribology (The Jost Report – 50 years on)’. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/122356/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Morina, A orcid.org/0000-0001-8868-2664, Neville, A orcid.org/0000-0002-6479-1871 and Liskiewicz, T orcid.org/0000-0002-0866-814X (2017) Introduction to the 43rd Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology 2016 special issue ‘Tribology (The Jost Report – 50 years on)’. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 231 (9). pp. 1103-1105. ISSN 1350-6501 https://doi.org/10.1177/1350650117725236 © 2017, IMechE. This is an author produced version of an article published in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request.
    [Show full text]