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Metals and Metal Products Tariff Schedules of the United States
251 SCHEDULE 6. - METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS TARIFF SCHEDULES OF THE UNITED STATES SCHEDULE 6. - METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS 252 Part 1 - Metal-Bearing Ores and Other Metal-Bearing Schedule 6 headnotes: Materials 1, This schedule does not cover — Part 2 Metals, Their Alloys, and Their Basic Shapes and Forms (II chemical elements (except thorium and uranium) and isotopes which are usefully radioactive (see A. Precious Metals part I3B of schedule 4); B. Iron or Steel (II) the alkali metals. I.e., cesium, lithium, potas C. Copper sium, rubidium, and sodium (see part 2A of sched D. Aluminum ule 4); or E. Nickel (lii) certain articles and parts thereof, of metal, F. Tin provided for in schedule 7 and elsewhere. G. Lead 2. For the purposes of the tariff schedules, unless the H. Zinc context requires otherwise — J. Beryllium, Columbium, Germanium, Hafnium, (a) the term "precious metal" embraces gold, silver, Indium, Magnesium, Molybdenum, Rhenium, platinum and other metals of the platinum group (iridium, Tantalum, Titanium, Tungsten, Uranium, osmium, palladium, rhodium, and ruthenium), and precious- and Zirconium metaI a Iloys; K, Other Base Metals (b) the term "base metal" embraces aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, boron, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, columbium, copper, gallium, germanium, Part 3 Metal Products hafnium, indium, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, mercury, A. Metallic Containers molybdenum, nickel, rhenium, the rare-earth metals (Including B. Wire Cordage; Wire Screen, Netting and scandium and yttrium), selenium, silicon, strontium, tantalum, Fencing; Bale Ties tellurium, thallium, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, urani C. Metal Leaf and FoU; Metallics um, vanadium, zinc, and zirconium, and base-metal alloys; D, Nails, Screws, Bolts, and Other Fasteners; (c) the term "meta I" embraces precious metals, base Locks, Builders' Hardware; Furniture, metals, and their alloys; and Luggage, and Saddlery Hardware (d) in determining which of two or more equally specific provisions for articles "of iron or steel", "of copper", E. -
The Periodic Table of Elements
The Periodic Table of Elements 1 2 6 Atomic Number = Number of Protons = Number of Electrons HYDROGENH HELIUMHe 1 Chemical Symbol NON-METALS 4 3 4 C 5 6 7 8 9 10 Li Be CARBON Chemical Name B C N O F Ne LITHIUM BERYLLIUM = Number of Protons + Number of Neutrons* BORON CARBON NITROGEN OXYGEN FLUORINE NEON 7 9 12 Atomic Weight 11 12 14 16 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 SODIUMNa MAGNESIUMMg ALUMINUMAl SILICONSi PHOSPHORUSP SULFURS CHLORINECl ARGONAr 23 24 METALS 27 28 31 32 35 40 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 POTASSIUMK CALCIUMCa SCANDIUMSc TITANIUMTi VANADIUMV CHROMIUMCr MANGANESEMn FeIRON COBALTCo NICKELNi CuCOPPER ZnZINC GALLIUMGa GERMANIUMGe ARSENICAs SELENIUMSe BROMINEBr KRYPTONKr 39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 RUBIDIUMRb STRONTIUMSr YTTRIUMY ZIRCONIUMZr NIOBIUMNb MOLYBDENUMMo TECHNETIUMTc RUTHENIUMRu RHODIUMRh PALLADIUMPd AgSILVER CADMIUMCd INDIUMIn SnTIN ANTIMONYSb TELLURIUMTe IODINEI XeXENON 85 88 89 91 93 96 98 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131 55 56 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 CESIUMCs BARIUMBa HAFNIUMHf TANTALUMTa TUNGSTENW RHENIUMRe OSMIUMOs IRIDIUMIr PLATINUMPt AuGOLD MERCURYHg THALLIUMTl PbLEAD BISMUTHBi POLONIUMPo ASTATINEAt RnRADON 133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 209 210 222 87 88 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 FRANCIUMFr RADIUMRa RUTHERFORDIUMRf DUBNIUMDb SEABORGIUMSg BOHRIUMBh HASSIUMHs MEITNERIUMMt DARMSTADTIUMDs ROENTGENIUMRg COPERNICIUMCn NIHONIUMNh -
6 W Elding Accessories Tungsten Electrodes Magnesium Aluminum
Sylvania Tungsten Vendor Code: SYL Tungsten Electrodes Magnesium Magnesium alloys are in 3 groups. They are: (1) aluminum-zinc-magnesium, (2) aluminum-magnesium and (3) manganese-magnesium. Since magnesium will absorb a number of harmful ingredients and oxidize rapidly when subjected to welding heat, TIG welding in an inert gas atmosphere is distinctly advantageous. The welding of magnesium is similar, in many respects, to the welding of aluminum. Magnesium was one of the first metals to be welded commercially by the inert-gas nonconsumable process (TIG). Accessories Welding Aluminum The use of TIG welding for aluminum has many advantages for both manual and automatic processes. Filler metal can be either wire or rod and should be compatible with the base alloy. Filler metal must be Ground Dia. Length Electrodes dry, free of oxides, grease or other foreign matter. If filler metal becomes damp, heat for 2 hours at Part No. (inches) (inches) 250˚ F before using. Although AC high-frequency stabilized current is recommended, DC reverse polarity 0407G .040 7 has been successfully used for thicknesses up to 3/32". 1167G 1/16 7 Stainless Steel Pure 3327G 3/32 7 In TIG welding of stainless steel, welding rods having the AWS-ASTM prefixes of E or ER can be used as 187G 1/8 7 filler rods. However, only bare uncoated rods should be used. Stainless steel can be welded using AC high frequency stabilized current, however, for DC straight polarity current recommendations must be increased 5327G 5/32 7 6 25%. Light gauge metal less than 1/16" thick should always be welded with DC straight polarity using 0407GL .040 7 argon gas. -
Aluminum Electrolytic Vs. Polymer – Two Technologies – Various Opportunities
Aluminum Electrolytic vs. Polymer – Two Technologies – Various Opportunities By Pierre Lohrber BU Manager Capacitors Wurth Electronics @APEC 2017 2017 WE eiCap @ APEC PSMA 1 Agenda Electrical Parameter Technology Comparison Application 2017 WE eiCap @ APEC PSMA 2 ESR – How to Calculate? ESR – Equivalent Series Resistance ESR causes heat generation within the capacitor when AC ripple is applied to the capacitor Maximum ESR is normally specified @ 120Hz or 100kHz, @20°C ESR can be calculated like below: ͕ͨ͢ 1 1 ͍̿͌ Ɣ Ɣ ͕ͨ͢ ∗ ͒ ͒ Ɣ Ɣ 2 ∗ ∗ ͚ ∗ ̽ 2 ∗ ∗ ͚ ∗ ̽ ! ∗ ̽ 2017 WE eiCap @ APEC PSMA 3 ESR – Temperature Characteristics Electrolytic Polymer Ta Polymer Al Ceramics 2017 WE eiCap @ APEC PSMA 4 Electrolytic Conductivity Aluminum Electrolytic – Caused by the liquid electrolyte the conductance response is deeply affected – Rated up to 0.04 S/cm Aluminum Polymer – Solid Polymer pushes the conductance response to much higher limits – Rated up to 4 S/cm 2017 WE eiCap @ APEC PSMA 5 Electrical Values – Who’s Best in Class? Aluminum Electrolytic ESR approx. 85m Ω Tantalum Polymer Ripple Current rating approx. ESR approx. 200m Ω 630mA Ripple Current rating approx. 1,900mA Aluminum Polymer ESR approx. 11m Ω Ripple Current rating approx. 5,500mA 2017 WE eiCap @ APEC PSMA 6 Ripple Current >> Temperature Rise Ripple current is the AC component of an applied source (SMPS) Ripple current causes heat inside the capacitor due to the dielectric losses Caused by the changing field strength and the current flow through the capacitor 2017 WE eiCap @ APEC PSMA 7 Impedance Z ͦ 1 ͔ Ɣ ͍̿͌ ͦ + (͒ −͒ )ͦ Ɣ ͍̿͌ ͦ + 2 ∗ ∗ ͚ ∗ ͍̿͆ − 2 ∗ ∗ ͚ ∗ ̽ 2017 WE eiCap @ APEC PSMA 8 Impedance Z Impedance over frequency added with ESR ratio 2017 WE eiCap @ APEC PSMA 9 Impedance @ High Frequencies Aluminum Polymer Capacitors have excellent high frequency characteristics ESR value is ultra low compared to Electrolytic’s and Tantalum’s within 100KHz~1MHz E.g. -
Section XV BASE METALS and ARTICLES of BASE METAL Notes
Section XV BASE METALS AND ARTICLES OF BASE METAL Notes. 1.- This Section does not cover : (a) Prepared paints, inks or other products with a basis of metallic flakes or powder (headings 32.07 to 32.10, 32.12, 32.13 or 32.15); (b) Ferro-cerium or other pyrophoric alloys (heading 36.06); (c) Headgear or parts thereof of heading 65.06 or 65.07; (d) Umbrella frames or other articles of heading 66.03; (e) Goods of Chapter 71 (for example, precious metal alloys, base metal clad with precious metal, imitation jewellery); (f) Articles of Section XVI (machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical goods); (g) Assembled railway or tramway track (heading 86.08) or other articles of Section XVII (vehicles, ships and boats, aircraft); (h) Instruments or apparatus of Section XVIII, including clock or watch springs; (ij) Lead shot prepared for ammunition (heading 93.06) or other articles of Section XIX (arms and ammunition); (k) Articles of Chapter 94 (for example, furniture, mattress supports, lamps and lighting fittings, illuminated signs, prefabricated buildings); (l) Articles of Chapter 95 (for example, toys, games, sports requisites); (m) Hand sieves, buttons, pens, pencil-holders, pen nibs or other articles of Chapter 96 (miscellaneous manufactured articles); or (n) Articles of Chapter 97 (for example, works of art). 2.- Throughout the Nomenclature, the expression “parts of general use” means : (a) Articles of heading 73.07, 73.12, 73.15, 73.17 or 73.18 and similar articles of other base metal; (b) Springs and leaves for springs, of base metal, other than clock or watch springs (heading 91.14); and (c) Articles of headings 83.01, 83.02, 83.08, 83.10 and frames and mirrors, of base metal, of heading 83.06. -
Separation of Niobium and Tantalum - a Literature Survey Ernest L
Ames Laboratory ISC Technical Reports Ames Laboratory 8-15-1956 Separation of niobium and tantalum - a literature survey Ernest L. Koerner Iowa State College Morton Smutz Iowa State College Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ameslab_iscreports Part of the Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Koerner, Ernest L. and Smutz, Morton, "Separation of niobium and tantalum - a literature survey" (1956). Ames Laboratory ISC Technical Reports. 145. http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ameslab_iscreports/145 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Ames Laboratory at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Ames Laboratory ISC Technical Reports by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Separation of niobium and tantalum - a literature survey Abstract During recent years increased interest has been shown in the metal niobium. Because niobium has a high melting point (4376° F) and a low neutron cross-section, the Atomic Energy Commission has encouraged research on new methods of winning the metal from its ores with the ultimate hope of finding a process which would yield niobium metal at a reasonable price. The two areas of endeavor in which·the principal difficulties in finding such an economic process occur are the separation of tantalum from the niobium and the conversion of purified niobium salts to the metal. This report, then, was written to consolidate the more important information available in the literature on one of these troublesome areas, that of the separation of niobium and tantalum. -
Effect of Oxygen on the Corrosion of Niobium and Tantalum by Liquid Lithium
ORNL-TM-4069 DECEIVED BY TIC MAR 2 01973 THE EFFECT OF OXYGEN ON THE CORROSION OF NIOBIUM AND TANTALUM BY LIQUID LITHIUM R. L. Klueh MASTER SiSTiHBUTWfl c-f THIS &3CmMT 13 U&UMITED r. I . • -I ' / •''Hi'; 1 . V/', •• I • • H I •-' , C •!", >i ; ' o ': 'J -1 ; .•..'.' •-•'I' < . • . .J ,• ! OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY '-I. ' ' t- /operated'by "unjon 'carbide, coloration • forjhe'u.s. atowic1 ENERGY'CQMMISSION 1 • - " <•:-.*- '' .1 iS> '•'• . ' , 1 <• \ .1 I . 'v: • = 1 r i. H. ORNL-TM-4069 Contract No. W-7405-eng-26 METALS AND CERAMICS DIVISION THE EFFECT OF OXYGEN ON THE CORROSION OF NIOBIUM AND TANTALUM BY LIQUID LITHIUM R. L. Klueh NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. Neither the United States noi' the United States Atomic Energy Commission, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility fir the accuracy, com- pleteness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. MARCH 1973 OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 operated by • i UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION for the U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION MASTER • • • 11X CONTENTS Page Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Experimental 5 Results ...... 7 The Effect of Oxygen in Lithium 7 The Effect of Oxygen in the Refractory Metal 9 Discussion ........ 16 Acknowledgments 21 THE EFFECT OF OXYGEN ON THE CORROSION OF NIOBIUM AND TANTALUM BY LIQUID LITHIUM R. L. -
Tungsten Minerals and Deposits
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Bulletin 652 4"^ TUNGSTEN MINERALS AND DEPOSITS BY FRANK L. HESS WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1917 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 25 CENTS PER COPY CONTENTS. Page. Introduction.............................................................. , 7 Inquiries concerning tungsten......................................... 7 Survey publications on tungsten........................................ 7 Scope of this report.................................................... 9 Technical terms...................................................... 9 Tungsten................................................................. H Characteristics and properties........................................... n Uses................................................................. 15 Forms in which tungsten is found...................................... 18 Tungsten minerals........................................................ 19 Chemical and physical features......................................... 19 The wolframites...................................................... 21 Composition...................................................... 21 Ferberite......................................................... 22 Physical features.............................................. 22 Minerals of similar appearance................................. -
Smelter and Refiner List
Smelter and Refiner List This list includes the facilities which, to the extent known, processed Tin, Tantalum, Tungsten, Gold, and Cobalt in Intel products as of March 3, 2020. Intel conducts no direct transactions and has no contractual relationship with these smelter and refiner facilities nor their sources of ore. Metal Smelter or Refinery Facility Name† Country† Tantalum Asaka Riken Co., Ltd.* JAPAN Tantalum Changsha South Tantalum Niobium Co., Ltd.* CHINA Tantalum D Block Metals, LLC* UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Tantalum Exotech Inc.* UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Tantalum F&X Electro-Materials Ltd.* CHINA Tantalum FIR Metals & Resource Ltd.* CHINA Tantalum Global Advanced Metals Aizu* JAPAN Tantalum Global Advanced Metals Boyertown* UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Tantalum Guangdong Zhiyuan New Material Co., Ltd.* CHINA Tantalum H.C. Starck Co., Ltd.* THAILAND Tantalum H.C. Starck Tantalum and Niobium GmbH* GERMANY Tantalum H.C. Starck Hermsdorf GmbH* GERMANY Tantalum H.C. Starck Inc.* UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Tantalum H.C. Starck Ltd.* JAPAN Tantalum H.C. Starck Smelting GmbH & Co. KG* GERMANY Tantalum Hengyang King Xing Lifeng New Materials Co., Ltd.* CHINA Tantalum Jiangxi Dinghai Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd.* CHINA Tantalum JiuJiang JinXin Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd.* CHINA Tantalum Jiujiang Tanbre Co., Ltd.* CHINA Tantalum Jiujiang Zhongao Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd.* CHINA Tantalum KEMET Blue Metals* MEXICO Tantalum LSM Brasil S.A.* BRAZIL Tantalum Metallurgical Products India Pvt., Ltd.* INDIA Tantalum Mineracao Taboca S.A.* BRAZIL Tantalum -
A Study of the Surface Reactions of Hydrocarbons on Tungsten by Field Electron Emission Microscopy Nelson Craig Gardner Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1966 A study of the surface reactions of hydrocarbons on tungsten by field electron emission microscopy Nelson Craig Gardner Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Physical Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Gardner, Nelson Craig, "A study of the surface reactions of hydrocarbons on tungsten by field electron emission microscopy " (1966). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 5365. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/5365 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfihned exactly as received ® 7-5587 GARDNER, Nelson Craig, 1937- A STUDY OF THE SURFACE REACTIONS OF HYDRO CARBONS ON TUNGSTEN BY FIELD ELECTRON EMIS SION MICROSCOPY. Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ph.D„ 1966 Chemistry, physical University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan A STUDY OF THE SURFACE REACTIONS OF HYDROCARBONS ON TUNGSTEN BY FIELD ELECTRON EMISSION MICROSCOPY by Nelson Craig Gardner A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subject: -
Thermal Analysis of Tantalum Carbide-Hafnium Carbide Solid Solutions from Room Temperature to 1400 ◦C
coatings Article Thermal Analysis of Tantalum Carbide-Hafnium Carbide Solid Solutions from Room Temperature to 1400 ◦C Cheng Zhang, Archana Loganathan, Benjamin Boesl and Arvind Agarwal * Plasma Forming Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, 33139 FL, USA; czhan009@fiu.edu (C.Z.); aloga006@fiu.edu (A.L.); bboesl@fiu.edu (B.B.) * Correspondence: agarwala@fiu.edu; Tel.: +1-305-348-1701 Received: 5 June 2017; Accepted: 25 July 2017; Published: 28 July 2017 Abstract: The thermogravimetric analysis on TaC, HfC, and their solid solutions has been carried out in air up to 1400 ◦C. Three solid solution compositions have been chosen: 80TaC-20 vol % HfC (T80H20), 50TaC-50 vol % HfC (T50H50), and 20TaC-80 vol % HfC (T20H80), in addition to pure TaC and HfC. Solid solutions exhibit better oxidation resistance than the pure carbides. The onset of oxidation is delayed in solid solutions from 750 ◦C for pure TaC, to 940 ◦C for the T50H50 sample. Moreover, T50H50 samples display the highest resistance to oxidation with the retention of the initial carbides. The oxide scale formed on the T50H50 sample displays mechanical integrity to prevent the oxidation of the underlying carbide solid solution. The improved oxidation resistance of the solid solution is attributed to the reaction between Ta2O5 and HfC, which stabilizes the volume changes induced by the formation of Ta2O5 and diminishes the generation of gaseous products. Also, the formation of solid solutions disturbs the atomic arrangement inside the lattice, which delays the reaction between Ta and O. Both of these mechanisms lead to the improved oxidation resistances of TaC-HfC solid solutions. -
Ceramic Capacitors Replace Tantalum Capacitors in Ldos Jeff Falin
Application Report SLVA214A–August 2005–Revised October 2006 Ceramic Capacitors Replace Tantalum Capacitors in LDOs Jeff Falin............................................................................................................. PMP Portable Power ABSTRACT With the proper considerations, ceramic output capacitors can be used with low dropout linear regulators (LDO) and DC/DC switching converters that require tantalum output capacitors. Many internally compensated linear regulators and switching converters require some equivalent series resistance (ESR) in the output capacitor, COUT. The control loop for these tantalum COUT-only converters relies on the zero that is created by the product of the output capacitance, COUT, and the ESR for stability. Converter data sheets typically provide a minimum (and possibly maximum ESR) value for a given output capacitance or the required frequency of the zero. For example, the data sheet for the TPS769xx family of linear regulators provides a curve of ESR versus output current for different output voltages(Figure 1). 10 W RegionofInstability 1 VO=3.3V CO=4.7 F VI =4.3V RegionofStability TA =25 C 0.1 ESR − EquivalentSeriesResistance − RegionofInstability 0.01 0 100 200 300 400 500 IO − OutputCurrent −m A Figure 1. Typical Region of Stability ESR Versus Output Current For various reasons including lower cost, smaller size, and/or reliability, some system engineers prefer to use ceramic capacitors instead of tantalum capacitors in their applications. A low-ESR ceramic output capacitor with a discrete series resistor can be used to replace a tantalum output capacitor. The schematic in Figure 2 shows such an implementation, using a 0.060-Ω series resistor and 4.7-µF ceramic output capacitor. This series combination of parts meets the TPS76933 ESR requirements shown in Figure 1; therefore, the linear regulator will be stable over the load range.