First International Symposium on Strain Gauge Balances
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NASA/CP-1999-209101/PT2 First International Symposium on Strain Gauge Balances Edited by John S. Tripp and Ping Tcheng Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia Proceedings of a symposium sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C., and held at Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia October 22-25, 1996 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199 March 1999 Acknowledgments The following individuals assisted in preparation and execution of the symposium program: Thomas C. Moore, Alice T. Fen-is, Ris6 W. Ramsey, Tammy L. Seward, Jennifer D. McCardell, Cristina L. Rector, Warren C. Higgs, Pamela J. Vemiel, Mark W. Frye, Ray D. Rhew, Paul W. Roberts, Jerome T. Kegelman, and Robert A. Kilgore. The undersigned editors wish to dedicate these proceedings to their colleague, Frank L. Wright, Boeing Commercial Airplane Group, who passed away in October 1998. Ping Tcheng, General Chairman John S. Tripp, Technical Chairman The use of trademarks or names of manufacturers in this report is for accurate reporting and does not constitute an [ official endorsement, either expressed or implied, of such products or manufacturers by the National Aeronautics and [ Space Administration. [ Available from: NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI) National Technical Information Service (NTIS) 7121 Standard Drive 5285 Port Royal Road Hanover, MD 21076-1320 Springfield, VA 22161-2171 (301) 621-0390 (703) 605-6000 Executive Summary The concept of an international strain gauge balance symposium was advocated in a technology assessment entitled "'A White Paper on Internal Strain Gauge Balances." An internal document published by NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) staff members in March 1995, this white paper was based on an international survey of internal strain gauge balances conducted under contract in 1994-1995 (ref. I). The conclusions of the white paper were presented to a peer review panel on wind tunnel testing technology, composed of selected leaders from major commercial and government aeronautical facilities, held in July 1995 at LaRC. The panel strongly endorsed the proposed international strain gauge balance symposium, which was the first of its kind. Based on the 1995 peer review endorsement, the first International Symposium on Strain Gauge Balances was sponsored under the auspices of the LaRC during October 22-25, 1996. Held at the LaRC Reid Conference Center, Hampton, Virginia. the Symposium provided an open international forum for presentation, discussion, and exchange of technical information among wind tunnel test technique specialists and strain gauge balance designers. The Symposium also served to initiate organized professional activities among the participating and relevant international technical communities. The program included a panel discussion (summarized in the Appendix), technical paper sessions, tours of local facilities, and vendor exhibits. Over 130 delegates from 15 countries were in attendance, including Australia, Canada, China, Finland, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Israel, the Netherlands, Russia, South Africa, Sweden, United Kingdom, and the United States. The program opened with a panel discussion, followed by technical paper sessions, and guided tours of the National Transonic Facility (NTF) wind tunnel, a local commercial balance fabrication facility, and the LaRC balance calibration laboratory. Vendor exhibits were also available. The opening panel discussion addressed "Future Trends in Balance Development and Applications." The nine panel members included eminent balance users and designers representing eight organizations and five countries. Formal presentation of papers in technical sessions followed the panel discussion. Forty-six technical papers were presented in 11 technical sessions covering the following areas: calibration, automatic calibration, data reduction, facility reports, design, accuracy and uncertainty analysis, strain gauges, instrumentation, balance design, thermal effects, finite element analysis, applications, and special balances. A general overview of the past several years' activities of the AIAA/GTTC (Ground Testing Techniques Committee) Internal Balance Technology Working Group was presented. At the conclusion of the Symposium, a steering committee representing most of the nations and several US organizations attending the Symposium was established to initiate planning for a second international balance symposium, to be held in 1999 in the UK. A Summary Report of the First International Symposium on Strain Gauge Balances, by John S. and Ping Tcheng, NASA LaRC, was presented at the 81 st Fluid Dynamics Panel Symposium on Advanced Measurement Technology held in Seattle, Washington, USA, 22-25 September 1997. This paper is attached as an appendix to these symposium proceedings. Also attached are a group photograph taken during the symposium, an index of authors, and a roster of names and addresses of the registered delegates to the symposium. °o° !11 Contents Acknowledgmems ............................................................. ii Executive Summary ........................................................... in Author Index ................................................................ xi List of Attendees ............................................................ xiii PART 1" Session 1 CALIBRATION and DATA REDUCTION Chair: Ping Tcheng, NASA Langley Research Center, USA CA-1 CALIBRATION CALIBRATION OF MULTICOMPONENT STRAIN GAUGE BALANCES USING METHOD OF OPTIMUM PLANNING EXPERIMENT PLANNING ..................... 1 Vladimir Krivoruchenko and Ivan N. Panchenko, The Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI), RUSSIA CA-2 CALIBRATION THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MODERN MANUAL CALIBRATION AND MEASURING SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL BALANCES .............................. 7 Matthias Quade and Klaus Hufrtagel, Darmstadt University of Technology, GERMANY DR-1 DATA REDUCTION TRANSFORMATION OF AERODYNAMIC BALANCES FORMULAS TO THE RESOLVED RESPECTING TO LOADING FORM ................................ 19 Ivan N. Panchenko, Cenlral Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI), RUSSIA CA-3 CALIBRATION LIMITATIONS OF INTERNAL BALANCE CALIBRATION MATH MODELS FOR SIMULATING MULTICOMPONENT INTERACTIONS ......................... 29 Richard S. Crooks and Allen Zwan, MicroCraft Technology, USA Session 2 FACILITY REPORTS Chair: Lawrence E. Putnam, NASA Langley Research Center, USA FR-1 FACILITY REPORT DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF INTERNAL BALANCES FOR THE GERMAN/NETHERLANDS WIND TUNNEL (DNW) .............................. 41 Eberhard Graewe, Daimler Benz Aerospace, GERMANY; Bemd Ewald and D. Eckert, DNW, THE NETHERLANDS FR-2 FACILITY REPORT RECENT ADVANCES OF WIND TUNNEL TECHNIQUES IN CARDC ................. 53 HE Dexin and GU Xingruo, CARDC, CHINA FR-3 FACILITY REPORT THE AIAA/GTTC INTERNAL BALANCE TECHNOLOGY WORKING GROUP ........... 83 David M. Cahill, Sverdmp/AEDC, USA FR-4 FACILITY REPORT STRAIN GAUGE BALANCE DEVELOPMENT AT NLR ............................ 93 H. B. Vos, National Aerospace Laboratory, THE NETHERLANDS *Part 1 is presented under separate cover. V FR-5 FACILITY REPORT NASA LANGLEY FORCE AND STRAIN MEASUREMENT CAPABILITIES ............ 105 P.W. Roberts, NASA Langley Research Center, USA Session 3 SPECIAL BALANCES Chair: Eberhard Graewe, Daimler-Benz Aerospace, Germany SB-1 SPECIAL BALANCES THE HALF MODEL BALANCE FOR THE COLOGNE CRYOGENIC TUNNEL (KKK) ........................................................ 115 B. Ewald, University of Darmstadt; and G. Viehweger and R. Rebstock, DLR, GERMANY SB-2 SPECIAL BALANCES ON INTERNAL BENDING-BEAM STRAIN-GAUGE WIND-TUNNEL BALANCES ...... 127 Knut Fristedt, AB ROLLAB, SWEDEN SB-3 SPECIAL BALANCES HINGE MOMENT BALANCE FOR COMPLETE MODEL .......................... 177 Kaike, Guo, Beijing Institute of Aerodynamics, CHINA SB..4 SPECIAL BALANCES STRAIN-GAGE BALANCE FOR MAGNETIC SUSPENSION AND BALANCE SYSTEM ..................................................... (Not presented) Alexander Kuzin, G. Shapovalov, and N. Prohorov, Moscow Aviation Technological Institute, RUSSIA Session 4 ACCURACY AND UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS Chair: David Cahiil, Sverdrup/AEDC, USA AC-1 ACCURACY DEVELOPMENTS TO IMPROVE THE ACCURACY OF HALF-MODEL BALANCE MEASUREMENTS IN THE ARA 2.74 m X 2.44 m (9 ft X 8 ft) TRANSONIC WIND TUNNEL ........................................................ 193 Adrian J. Day and Nigel Corby, Aircraft Research Association, Ltd., ENGLAND AC-2 ACCURACY LOOKING FOR THE LAST DRAG COUNT: MODEL VIBRATIONS VS. DRAG ACCURACY ........................................................... 213 P. H. Fuijkschot, National Aerospace Laboratory, THE NETHERLANDS UN-1 UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS FOR FORCE TESTING IN PRODUCTION WIND TUNNELS ............................................................ 221 Mark E. Kammeyer, Naval Surface Warfare Center, USA UN-2 UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS EXPER/ENCES RELATIVE TO THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE BALANCE ENGINEER AND THE PROJECT ENGINEER WITH REGARD TO MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY ........................................................ 243 Frank L. Wright, Boeing Commercial Airplane Group, USA UN-3 UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS STRAIN GAUGE BALANCE UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS AT NASA LANGLEY - A TECHNICAL REVIEW ................................................. 279 John S. Tripp, NASA Langley Research Center, USA vi Session5 AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION Chair: Frank L. Wright, Boeing Commercial Airplane Group, USA AU-1 AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION