sc-253301
Material Safety Data Sheet
Hazard Alert Code Key: EXTREME HIGH MODERATE LOW
Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
PRODUCT NAME Potassium disulfite STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATURE
CONSIDERED A HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ACCORDING TO OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200.
NFPA
FLAMMABILITY0
HEALTH2 HAZARD INSTABILITY1
SUPPLIER Company: Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Address: 2145 Delaware Ave Santa Cruz, CA 95060
Telephone: 800.457.3801 or 831.457.3800 Emergency Tel: CHEMWATCH: From within the US and Canada: 877-715-9305 Emergency Tel: From outside the US and Canada: +800 2436 2255 (1-800-CHEMCALL) or call +613 9573 3112 PRODUCT USE ! Reducing agent. As antifermentative in breweries and wineries; bleaching straw; preservative for fruits and vegetables. Not advised for use in foods recognised as a source of Vitamin B-1 or consumed raw. As reducing agent, particularly in dyeing with indigo and vat dyes. Used as a bleach, for soap, straw; removing dyes from dyed fabric. Part of a redox catalyst system for synthetic rubber production. Oxygen scavenger in water treatment, reduction of metals in waste treatment. Brightening groundwood, kraft and other paper pulps; treatment of beet and cane sugar juices; depressant in mining flotations, bleaching textiles, vegetable oils, straw, hemp, vegetable tannins, animal glues. Pulp and paper bleaching. As reducing agent, particularly in dyeing with indigo and vat dyes. Used as a bleach, for soap, straw; removing dyes from dyed fabric. Part of a redox catalyst system for synthetic rubber production. Oxygen scavenger in water treatment, reduction of metals in waste treatment. SYNONYMS K2-S2-O5, "pyrosulfurous acid, dipotassium salt", "potassium metabisulphite", "pyrosulphurous acid, dipotassium salt", "potassium pyrosulphite", "potassium pyrosulfite", "dipotassium disulfite", "dipotassium metabisulfite", "disulfurous acid dipotassium salt"
Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
CHEMWATCH HAZARD RATINGS Min Max Flammability: 0 Min/Nil=0 Toxicity: 2 Low=1 Moderate=2 Body Contact: 2 High=3 Extreme=4
1 of 14 Reactivity: 1
Chronic: 2
CANADIAN WHMIS SYMBOLS
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW RISK Contact with acids liberates toxic gas. Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS
SWALLOWED ! The material has NOT been classified as "harmful by ingestion". This is because of the lack of corroborating animal or human evidence. The material may still be damaging to the health of the individual, following ingestion, especially where pre-existing organ (e.g. liver, kidney) damage is evident. Present definitions of harmful or toxic substances are generally based on doses producing mortality (death) rather than those producing morbidity (disease, ill-health). Gastrointestinal tract discomfort may produce nausea and vomiting. In an occupational setting however, unintentional ingestion is not thought to be cause for concern. EYE ! This material can cause eye irritation and damage in some persons. SKIN ! This material can cause inflammation of the skin oncontact in some persons. ! The material may accentuate any pre-existing dermatitis condition. ! Skin contact is not thought to have harmful health effects, however the material may still produce health damage following entry through wounds, lesions or abrasions. ! Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine the skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected.
INHALED ! The material can cause respiratory irritation in some persons. The body's response to such irritation can cause further lung damage. ! Inhalation of dusts, generated by the material during the course of normal handling, may be damaging to the health of the individual. ! Persons with impaired respiratory function, airway diseases and conditions such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis, may incur further disability if excessive concentrations of particulate are inhaled. ! Sulfur dioxide irritation probably results from the action of sulfurous acid as the highly soluble gas dissolves in mucous fluid. Short-term exposure causes bronchoconstriction measurable as an increase in flow-resistance. The magnitude is concentration-dependent.. Chief effects are upper respiratory tract irritation and severe acute exposure may cause oedema of the lungs and possible respiratory paralysis. These exposures have produced severe obstructive and restrictive defects up to 3 months post-exposure; these have failed to respond to bronchodilators. Such exposures have also, on rare occasions, been associated with moderately severe obstructive illness and persistent, productive cough. Systemic effects of acute poisoning are not known but regular exposure may deaden the sense of smell. Symptoms include throat irritation, coughing, tightness of chest, difficulty with breathing, tear formation (lachrymation), eye smarting and suffocating feeling. Substantial exposures produce direct respiratory tract irritation, cough, burning, lachrymation, conjunctival injection, difficulty in swallowing, and otopharyngeal erythema. Other symptoms may include vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, fever, headache, vertigo, agitation, tremor, convulsions, and peripheral neuritis. High dose acute exposure may produce immediate bronchospasm and pulmonary oedema with respiratory failure/ paralysis, inflammation of the conjunctivae and inflammation of the tongue. CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS ! Long-term exposure to respiratory irritants may result in disease of the airways involving difficult breathing and related systemic problems. There has been some concern that this material can cause cancer or mutations but there is not enough data to make an assessment. Limited evidence suggests that repeated or long-term occupational exposure may produce cumulative health effects involving organs or biochemical systems. There is some evidence that inhaling this product is more likely to cause a sensitization reaction in some persons compared to the general population. There is limited evidence that, skin contact with this product is more likely to cause a sensitization reaction in some persons compared to the general population.
Long term exposure to high dust concentrations may cause changes in lung function i.e. pneumoconiosis; caused by particles less than 0.5 micron penetrating and remaining in the lung. Prime symptom is breathlessness; lung shadows show on X-ray. Repeated exposure of animals to airborne sulfur dioxide (SO2) can produce a thickening of the mucous layer in the trachea and an increase in goblet cells and mucous glands similar to pathological changes found in chronic human bronchitis. Chronic exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO2) particulate complexes, present in polluted air, have been associated with the aggravation of chronic cardiovascular diseases such as asthma, chronic pulmonary disease, and coronary artery disease (this may occur at levels of 6-10 ug/m3 for 24 hours), An association exists between persistent cough and sputum production, particularly in women and non-smokers. A 10-year follow study on workers exposed to a mean sulfur dioxide concentration of up to 33 ppm did not reveal an increased prevalence of chronic respiratory disease or decreased pulmonary function.
2 of 14 By contrast, studies of smelter workers, exposed to concentrations below 2 ppm, suggest that chronic respiratory disease may develop and that workers exposed at concentrations exceeding 1 ppm show accelerated loss of pulmonary function. Although SO2 is not a carcinogen, the apparent increases in mortalities amongst arsenic-exposed smelter workers was greater when exposures included both high arsenic concentrations and moderate to high SO2 exposures, suggesting that SO2 might act as a promoter. Intermittent exposure of rats to benz[a]pyrene along with inhalation of SO2 at 4-10 ppm, 1-6 hours per day, 5 days per week, produced substantial increases in respiratory tract squamous cell carcinomas compared to that associated with exposure to B[a]P or SO2 alone. Sulfites and bisulfites can cause narrowing of the airways, stomach upset, flushing, low blood pressure. tingling sensation, itchy wheal, swelling and shock, and asthmatics are especially prone. They induce allergic-like reactions which can occur on first contact with the material.
Section 3 - COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
NAME CAS RN % potassium metabisulfite 16731-55-8 >95
decomposes to produce sulfur dioxide 7446-09-5
Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
SWALLOWED ! Immediately give a glass of water. First aid is not generally required. If in doubt, contact a Poisons Information Center or a doctor. EYE ! If this product comes in contact with the eyes: Wash out immediately with fresh running water. Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids. If pain persists or recurs seek medical attention. Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel.
SKIN ! If skin contact occurs: Immediately remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available). Seek medical attention in event of irritation. INHALED ! If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area. Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested. Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where possible, prior to initiating first aid procedures. Apply artificial respiration if not breathing, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Transport to hospital, or doctor, without delay. NOTES TO PHYSICIAN ! Treat symptomatically. for poisons (where specific treatment regime is absent): ------BASIC TREATMENT ------Establish a patent airway with suction where necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilation as necessary. Administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask at 10 to 15 l/min. Monitor and treat, where necessary, for pulmonary edema . Monitor and treat, where necessary, for shock. Anticipate seizures . DO NOT use emetics. Where ingestion is suspected rinse mouth and give up to 200 ml water (5 ml/kg recommended) for dilution where patient is able to swallow, has a strong gag reflex and does not drool. ------ADVANCED TREATMENT ------Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in unconscious patient or where respiratory arrest has occurred. Positive-pressure ventilation using a bag-valve mask might be of use. Monitor and treat, where necessary, for arrhythmias. Start an IV D5W TKO. If signs of hypovolemia are present use lactated Ringers solution. Fluid overload might create complications. Drug therapy should be considered for pulmonary edema.
3 of 14 Hypotension with signs of hypovolemia requires the cautious administration of fluids. Fluid overload might create complications. Treat seizures with diazepam. Proparacaine hydrochloride should be used to assist eye irrigation. BRONSTEIN, A.C. and CURRANCE, P.L. EMERGENCY CARE FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS EXPOSURE: 2nd Ed. 1994. Depending on the degree of exposure, periodic medical examination is indicated. The symptoms of lung edema often do not manifest until a few hours have passed and they are aggravated by physical effort. Rest and medical observation is therefore essential. Immediate administration of an appropriate spray, by a doctor or a person authorized by him/her should be considered. (ICSC24419/24421.
Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
Vapour Pressure (mmHG): Negligible Upper Explosive Limit (%): Not applicable
Specific Gravity (water=1): 2.3 Lower Explosive Limit (%): Not applicable
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA ! There is no restriction on the type of extinguisher which may be used. Use extinguishing media suitable for surrounding area. FIRE FIGHTING ! Alert Emergency Responders and tell them location and nature of hazard. Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves for fire only. Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course. Use fire fighting procedures suitable for surrounding area. Do not approach containers suspected to be hot. Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location. If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire. Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated after use. GENERAL FIRE HAZARDS/HAZARDOUS COMBUSTIBLE PRODUCTS ! Non combustible. Not considered to be a significant fire risk, however containers may burn. Decomposition may produce toxic fumes of: sulfur oxides (SOx), metal oxides. May emit poisonous fumes. May emit corrosive fumes. FIRE INCOMPATIBILITY ! None known. PERSONAL PROTECTION Glasses: Chemical goggles. Gloves: Respirator: Type E-P Filter of sufficient capacity
Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
MINOR SPILLS ! Remove all ignition sources. Clean up all spills immediately. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Control personal contact by using protective equipment. Use dry clean up procedures and avoid generating dust. Place in a suitable, labelled container for waste disposal. MAJOR SPILLS ! Moderate hazard. CAUTION: Advise personnel in area. Alert Emergency Responders and tell them location and nature of hazard. Control personal contact by wearing protective clothing. Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water courses. Recover product wherever possible. IF DRY: Use dry clean up procedures and avoid generating dust. Collect residues and place in sealed plastic bags or other containers for disposal. IF WET: Vacuum/shovel up and place in labelled containers for disposal. ALWAYS: Wash area down with large amounts of water and prevent runoff into drains.
4 of 14 If contamination of drains or waterways occurs, advise emergency services. PROTECTIVE ACTIONS FOR SPILL
From IERG (Canada/Australia) Isolation Distance - Downwind Protection Distance -
From US Emergency Response Guide 2000 Guide No guide found.
FOOTNOTES
1 PROTECTIVE ACTION ZONE is defined as the area in which people are at risk of harmful exposure. This zone assumes that random changes in wind direction confines the vapour plume to an area within 30 degrees on either side of the predominant wind direction, resulting in a crosswind protective action distance equal to the downwind protective action distance. 2 PROTECTIVE ACTIONS should be initiated to the extent possible, beginning with those closest to the spill and working away from the site in the downwind direction. Within the protective action zone a level of vapour concentration may exist resulting in nearly all unprotected persons becoming incapacitated and unable to take protective action and/or incurring serious or irreversible health effects. 3 INITIAL ISOLATION ZONE is determined as an area, including upwind of the incident, within which a high probability of localised wind reversal may expose nearly all persons without appropriate protection to life-threatening concentrations of the material. 4 SMALL SPILLS involve a leaking package of 200 litres (55 US gallons) or less, such as a drum (jerrican or box with inner containers). Larger packages leaking less than 200 litres and compressed gas leaking from a small cylinder are also considered "small spills". LARGE SPILLS involve many small leaking packages or a leaking package of greater than 200 litres, such as a cargo tank, portable tank or a "one-tonne" compressed gas cylinder. 5 Guide No guide found. is taken from the US DOT emergency response guide book. 6 IERG information is derived from CANUTEC - Transport Canada.
ACUTE EXPOSURE GUIDELINE LEVELS (AEGL) (in ppm) AEGL 1: The airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic nonsensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure. AEGL 2: The airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape. AEGL 3: The airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death.
Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE
PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING ! Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation. Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs. Use in a well-ventilated area. Prevent concentration in hollows and sumps. DO NOT enter confined spaces until atmosphere has been checked. DO NOT allow material to contact humans, exposed food or food utensils. Avoid contact with incompatible materials. When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke. Keep containers securely sealed when not in use. Avoid physical damage to containers. Always wash hands with soap and water after handling. Work clothes should be laundered separately. Launder contaminated clothing before re-use. Use good occupational work practice. Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.
5 of 14 Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards to ensure safe working conditions are maintained. RECOMMENDED STORAGE METHODS ! Glass container. Polyethylene or polypropylene container. Check all containers are clearly labelled and free from leaks. STORAGE REQUIREMENTS !
Store in original containers. Keep containers securely sealed. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Store away from incompatible materials and foodstuff containers. Protect containers against physical damage and check regularly for leaks. Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations. SAFE STORAGE WITH OTHER CLASSIFIED CHEMICALS
+ X + X X + X: Must not be stored together O: May be stored together with specific preventions +: May be stored together
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
EXPOSURE CONTROLS
TWA TWA STEL STEL Peak Peak TWA Source Material Notes ppm mg/m" ppm mg/m" ppm mg/m" F/CC potassium metabisulfite US - Oregon Permissible (Inert or Nuisance Dust: 10 (d) Exposure Limits (Z-3) Total dust) US OSHA Permissible potassium metabisulfite Exposure Levels (PELs) - (Inert or Nuisance Dust: (d) 5 Table Z3 Respirable fraction) US OSHA Permissible potassium metabisulfite Exposure Levels (PELs) - (Inert or Nuisance Dust: (d) 15 Table Z3 Total dust) potassium metabisulfite US - Hawaii Air Contaminant (Particulates not other wise 10 Limits regulated - Total dust) potassium metabisulfite US - Hawaii Air Contaminant (Particulates not other wise 5 Limits regulated - Respirable fraction) potassium metabisulfite US - Oregon Permissible (Inert or Nuisance Dust: 5 (d) Exposure Limits (Z-3) Respirable fraction) potassium metabisulfite See Appendix B US ACGIH Threshold Limit (Particles (Insoluble or 10 current TLV/BEI Values (TLV) Poorly Soluble) [NOS] Book Inhalable particles) potassium metabisulfite US - Tennessee Occupational (Particulates not otherwise Exposure Limits - Limits For 5 regulated Respirable Air Contaminants fraction) potassium metabisulfite US - Wyoming Toxic and (Particulates not otherwise Hazardous Substances Table 5 regulated (PNOR)(f)- Z1 Limits for Air Contaminants Respirable fraction)
6 of 14 potassium metabisulfite US - Michigan Exposure Limits (Particulates not otherwise 5 for Air Contaminants regulated, Respirable dust) potassium metabisulfite Canada - Prince Edward See Appendix B (Particles (Insoluble or Island Occupational Exposure 10 current TLV/BEI Poorly Soluble) [NOS] Limits Book Inhalable particles) sulfur dioxide (Sulfur dioxide Canada - British Columbia Under review. See 2 5 Occupational Exposure Limits G5.48-13) Canada - Ontario sulfur dioxide (Sulfur 2 5.2 5 10.4 Occupational Exposure Limits dioxide) US - Minnesota Permissible sulfur dioxide (Sulfur 2 5 5 13 Exposure Limits (PELs) dioxide) TLV Basis: US ACGIH Threshold Limit sulfur dioxide (Sulfur pulmonary function; 0.25 Values (TLV) dioxide) lower respiratory tract irritation US NIOSH Recommended sulfur dioxide (Sulfur 2 5 5 13 Exposure Limits (RELs) dioxide) Canada - Alberta Occupational sulfur dioxide (Sulphur 2 5.2 5 13 Exposure Limits dioxide) US ATSDR Minimal Risk sulfur dioxide (SULFUR Levels for Hazardous 0.01 DIOXIDE) Substances (MRLs) US - Tennessee Occupational sulfur dioxide (Sulfur Exposure Limits - Limits For 2 5 5 10 dioxide) Air Contaminants US - Vermont Permissible Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A sulfur dioxide (Sulfur 5 13 Transitional Limits for Air dioxide) Contaminants US - Vermont Permissible Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A sulfur dioxide (Sulfur 2 5 5 10 Final Rule Limits for Air dioxide) Contaminants US - California Permissible sulfur dioxide (Sulfur Exposure Limits for Chemical 2 5 5 10 dioxide) Contaminants US - Idaho - Limits for Air sulfur dioxide (Sulfur 5 13 Contaminants dioxide) US OSHA Permissible sulfur dioxide (Sulfur Exposure Levels (PELs) - 5 13 dioxide) Table Z1 Canada - Saskatchewan Occupational Health and sulfur dioxide (Sulphur 2 5 Safety Regulations - dioxide) Contamination Limits US - Hawaii Air Contaminant sulfur dioxide (Sulfur 2 5 5 10 Limits dioxide) US - Alaska Limits for Air sulfur dioxide (Sulfur 2 5 5 10 Contaminants dioxide) Canada - Yukon Permissible sulfur dioxide (Sulphur Concentrations for Airborne 5 13 5 13 dioxide) Contaminant Substances Canada - Yukon Carcinogens sulfur dioxide (Arsenic C5 with a Permitted Exposure trioxide production - (SO)2) US - Washington Permissible sulfur dioxide (Sulfur exposure limits of air 2 5 dioxide) contaminants US - Michigan Exposure Limits sulfur dioxide (Sulfur 2 5 5 10 for Air Contaminants dioxide)
7 of 14 TLV Basis: Canada - Prince Edward sulfur dioxide (Sulfur pulmonary function; Island Occupational Exposure 0.25 dioxide) lower respiratory Limits tract irritation US - Wyoming Toxic and sulfur dioxide (Sulfur Hazardous Substances Table 5 13 dioxide) Z1 Limits for Air Contaminants Canada - Quebec Permissible sulfur dioxide (Sulfur Exposure Values for Airborne 2 5.2 5 13 dioxide) Contaminants (English) US - Oregon Permissible sulfur dioxide (Sulfur 5 13 Exposure Limits (Z-1) dioxide) Canada - Northwest Territories sulfur dioxide (Sulphur Occupational Exposure Limits 2 5 5 13 dioxide) (English) TLV Basis: Canada - Nova Scotia sulfur dioxide (Sulfur pulmonary function; 0.25 Occupational Exposure Limits dioxide) lower respiratory tract irritation
EMERGENCY EXPOSURE LIMITS Material sulfur dioxide Original IDLH Value (ppm)
MATERIAL DATA POTASSIUM METABISULFITE: SULFUR DIOXIDE: ! NOTE: Detector tubes for sulfur dioxide, measuring in excess of 0.1 ppm, are commercially available. Sulfur dioxide is termed a "mild" respiratory irritant. Odour threshold (detection) is 0.5 ppm with irritation reported above 2 ppm; at 8-12 ppm eyes and nose are strongly irritated. 150 ppm is only tolerable for about a minute because of extreme irritation. At 500 ppm there is a sense of suffocation. Human bronchoconstriction occurs with inhalation at 5 ppm or more and the recommended TLV-TWA, for sulfur dioxide, is thought to provide a reduction of significant risk of adverse respiratory effects such as coughing, increase in sputum production and bronchoconstriction. The reported effects of SO2 in humans exposed to levels below 2 ppm, together with the potentiation of SO2 toxicity by soot and other particulates, may require a review of exposure standards. A worker inhaling 4 ppm for 8 hours and doing light-work would absorb about 150 mg of SO2. By comparison, average dietary intake for a 70 kg man has been established at only 50 mg. Odour Safety Factor(OSF) OSF=1.8 (sulfur dioxide). PERSONAL PROTECTION
8 of 14 Consult your EHS staff for recommendations EYE ! Safety glasses with side shields. Chemical goggles. Contact lenses pose a special hazard; soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them. DO NOT wear contact lenses. HANDS/FEET ! NOTE: The material may produce skin sensitization in predisposed individuals. Care must be taken, when removing gloves and other protective equipment, to avoid all possible skin contact. Suitability and durability of glove type is dependent on usage. Important factors in the selection of gloves include: such as: frequency and duration of contact, chemical resistance of glove material, glove thickness and dexterity Select gloves tested to a relevant standard (e.g. Europe EN 374, US F739). When prolonged or frequently repeated contact may occur, a glove with a protection class of 5 or higher (breakthrough time greater than 240 minutes according to EN 374) is recommended. When only brief contact is expected, a glove with a protection class of 3 or higher (breakthrough time greater than 60 minutes according to EN 374) is recommended. Contaminated gloves should be replaced. Gloves must only be worn on clean hands. After using gloves, hands should be washed and dried thoroughly. Application of a non-perfumed moisturiser is recommended. Experience indicates that the following polymers are suitable as glove materials for protection against undissolved, dry solids, where abrasive particles are not present. polychloroprene nitrile rubber butyl rubber fluorocaoutchouc polyvinyl chloride Gloves should be examined for wear and/ or degradation constantly. OTHER ! Overalls. P.V.C. apron. Barrier cream.
Skin cleansing cream. Eye wash unit. RESPIRATOR ! Respirators may be necessary when engineering and administrative controls do not adequately prevent exposures. The decision to use respiratory protection should be based on professional judgment that takes into account toxicity information, exposure measurement data, and frequency and likelihood of the worker's exposure - ensure users are not subject to high thermal loads which may result in heat stress or distress due to personal protective equipment (powered, positive flow, full face apparatus may be an option). Published occupational exposure limits, where they exist, will assist in determining the adequacy of the selected respiratory . These may be government mandated or vendor recommended. Certified respirators will be useful for protecting workers from inhalation of particulates when properly selected and fit tested as part of a complete respiratory protection program. Use approved positive flow mask if significant quantities of dust becomes airborne. Try to avoid creating dust conditions. RESPIRATOR ! Protection Factor Half-Face Respirator Full-Face Respirator Powered Air Respirator 10 x PEL E P1 - E PAPR-P1 Air-line* - - 50 x PEL Air-line** E P2 E PAPR-P2 100 x PEL - E P3 - Air-line* - 100+ x PEL - Air-line** E PAPR-P3 * - Negative pressure demand ** - Continuous flow Explanation of Respirator Codes: Class 1 low to medium absorption capacity filters. Class 2 medium absorption capacity filters. Class 3 high absorption capacity filters. PAPR Powered Air Purifying Respirator (positive pressure) cartridge. Type A for use against certain organic gases and vapors. Type AX for use against low boiling point organic compounds (less than 65ºC). Type B for use against certain inorganic gases and other acid gases and vapors. Type E for use against sulfur dioxide and other acid gases and vapors.
9 of 14 Type K for use against ammonia and organic ammonia derivatives Class P1 intended for use against mechanically generated particulates of sizes most commonly encountered in industry, e.g. asbestos, silica. Class P2 intended for use against both mechanically and thermally generated particulates, e.g. metal fume. Class P3 intended for use against all particulates containing highly toxic materials, e.g. beryllium. The local concentration of material, quantity and conditions of use determine the type of personal protective equipment required. Use appropriate NIOSH-certified respirator based on informed professional judgement. In conditions where no reasonable estimate of exposure can be made, assume the exposure is in a concentration IDLH and use NIOSH-certified full face pressure demand SCBA with a minimum service life of 30 minutes, or a combination full facepiece pressure demand SAR with auxiliary self-contained air supply. Respirators provided only for escape from IDLH atmospheres shall be NIOSH-certified for escape from the atmosphere in which they will be used. ENGINEERING CONTROLS ! Local exhaust ventilation usually required. If risk of overexposure exists, wear an approved respirator. Correct fit is essential to obtain adequate protection an approved self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) may be required in some situations. Provide adequate ventilation in warehouse or closed storage area. Air contaminants generated in the workplace possess varying "escape" velocities which, in turn, determine the "capture velocities" of fresh circulating air required to effectively remove the contaminant. Type of Contaminant: Air Speed: solvent, vapors, degreasing etc., evaporating from tank (in still air). 0.25-0.5 m/s (50-100 f/min.) aerosols, fumes from pouring operations, intermittent container filling, low speed conveyer transfers, welding, spray drift, plating acid 0.5-1 m/s (100-200 f/min.) fumes, pickling (released at low velocity into zone of active generation) direct spray, spray painting in shallow booths, drum filling, conveyer loading, crusher dusts, gas discharge (active generation into zone of 1-2.5 m/s (200-500 f/min.) rapid air motion) grinding, abrasive blasting, tumbling, high speed wheel generated dusts (released at high initial velocity into zone of very high rapid air 2.5-10 m/s (500-2000 f/min.) motion). Within each range the appropriate value depends on: Lower end of the range Upper end of the range 1: Room air currents minimal or favorable to capture 1: Disturbing room air currents 2: Contaminants of low toxicity or of nuisance value only. 2: Contaminants of high toxicity 3: Intermittent, low production. 3: High production, heavy use 4: Large hood or large air mass in motion 4: Small hood-local control only Simple theory shows that air velocity falls rapidly with distance away from the opening of a simple extraction pipe. Velocity generally decreases with the square of distance from the extraction point (in simple cases). Therefore the air speed at the extraction point should be adjusted, accordingly, after reference to distance from the contaminating source. The air velocity at the extraction fan, for example, should be a minimum of 1-2 m/s (200-400 f/min) for extraction of solvents generated in a tank 2 meters distant from the extraction point. Other mechanical considerations, producing performance deficits within the extraction apparatus, make it essential that theoretical air velocities are multiplied by factors of 10 or more when extraction systems are installed or used.
Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Solid. Contact with acids liberates toxic gas. State Divided solid Molecular Weight 222.32 Melting Range (°F) Decomposes @302 Viscosity Not Applicable Boiling Range (°F) Not applicable. Solubility in water (g/L) Reacts Flash Point (°F) Not applicable pH (1% solution) Not applicable.
Decomposition Temp (°F) 302- 374 pH (as supplied) Not applicable Autoignition Temp (°F) Not applicable Vapour Pressure (mmHG) Negligible Upper Explosive Limit (%) Not applicable Specific Gravity (water=1) 2.3 Lower Explosive Limit (%) Not applicable Relative Vapor Density (air=1) Not applicable Volatile Component (%vol) Negligible Evaporation Rate Not applicable
APPEARANCE Transparent, colourless crystals with a sulfur dioxide odour; soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol.
Section 10 - CHEMICAL STABILITY
CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INSTABILITY
10 of 14 ! Presence of incompatible materials. Product is considered stable. Hazardous polymerization will not occur. STORAGE INCOMPATIBILITY ! Contact with acids produces toxic fumes Inorganic reducing agents react with oxidizing agents to generate heat and products that may be flammable, combustible, or otherwise reactive. Their reactions with oxidizing agents may be violent. Incidents involving interaction of active oxidants and reducing agents, either by design or accident, are usually very energetic and examples of so-called redox reactions. Segregate from alcohol, water. Metabisulfites: decompose with heat are slowly oxidised on exposure to air and water hydrates are bisulfites; conversely when dehydrated they become metabisulfites - a maximum strength of about 40% bisulfite solution is attainable with certain counter-ions may produce corrosive acids when mixed with water dependent on the counter-ion react with acids to produce sulfur dioxide (SO2) Sulfur dioxide: reacts with water or steam forming sulfurous acid; reaction may be violent reacts with acrolein, alcohols, aluminium powder, alkali metals, amines, bromine, pentafluoride, caustics, caesium, acetylene carbide, chlorates, chlorine trifluoride, chromium powder, copper or its alloy powders, diethylzinc, fluorine, lead dioxide, lithium acetylene carbide, metal powders, monolithium acetylide-ammonia, nitryl chloride, potassium acetylene carbide, potassium acetylide, potassium chlorate, rubidium carbide, silver azide, sodium, sodium acetylide, stannous oxide; reaction may be violent decomposes above 60 deg. C releasing oxides of sulfur Incompatible with alkalis, alkylene oxides, ammonia, aliphatic amines, alkanolamines, amides, organic anhydrides, caesium monoxide, epichlorohydrin, ferrous oxide, halogens, interhalogens, isocyanates, lithium nitrate, manganese, metal acetylides, metal oxides, perbromyl fluoride, red phosphorus, potassium azide, rubidium acetylide, sodium hydride, sulfuric acid attacks some plastics, coatings and rubber attacks metals, especially chemically active metals, in the presence of moisture. NOTE: May develop pressure in containers; open carefully. Vent periodically. Metals and their oxides or salts may react violently with chlorine trifluoride. Chlorine trifluoride is a hypergolic oxidizer. It ignites on contact (without external source of heat or ignition) with recognized fuels - contact with these materials, following an ambient or slightly elevated temperature, is often violent and may produce ignition. The state of subdivision may affect the results. For incompatible materials - refer to Section 7 - Handling and Storage.
Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
POTASSIUM METABISULFITE TOXICITY AND IRRITATION ! unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. ! Asthma-like symptoms may continue for months or even years after exposure to the material ceases. This may be due to a non-allergenic condition known as reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) which can occur following exposure to high levels of highly irritating compound. Key criteria for the diagnosis of RADS include the absence of preceding respiratory disease, in a non-atopic individual, with abrupt onset of persistent asthma-like symptoms within minutes to hours of a documented exposure to the irritant. A reversible airflow pattern, on spirometry, with the presence of moderate to severe bronchial hyperreactivity on methacholine challenge testing and the lack of minimal lymphocytic inflammation, without eosinophilia, have also been included in the criteria for diagnosis of RADS. RADS (or asthma) following an irritating inhalation is an infrequent disorder with rates related to the concentration of and duration of exposure to the irritating substance. Industrial bronchitis, on the other hand, is a disorder that occurs as result of exposure due to high concentrations of irritating substance (often particulate in nature) and is completely reversible after exposure ceases. The disorder is characterised by dyspnea, cough and mucus production. No significant acute toxicological data identified in literature search. The substance is classified by IARC as Group 3: NOT classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. Evidence of carcinogenicity may be inadequate or limited in animal testing. CARCINOGEN International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Reviewed by the IARC Sulfites Group 3 Monographs Sulfur International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Reviewed by the IARC Group 3 dioxide Monographs Sulfur Carcinogen ND A4 dioxide Category
Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
11 of 14 Refer to data for ingredients, which follows: SULFUR DIOXIDE: POTASSIUM METABISULFITE: ! DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways. ! Sulfur dioxide is oxidised rapidly by both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions and is removed from the atmosphere by precipitation and by dry deposition on surfaces, mainly as sulfuric acid. Because of its high vapor pressure (3,000 mm Hg at 20°C), sulfur dioxide is typically present in a gaseous phase Some of the sulfur dioxide emitted into the air moves unchanged to various surfaces including soil, water, grass, and vegetation in general. In the atmosphere, sulfur dioxide can be transformed into sulfuric acid or sulfates by a variety of processes. Sulfur dioxide may be oxidised to sulfur trioxide (SO3) and sulfate in air photochemically or catalytically. The oxidations generally involve homogeneous-phase reactions (oxidation in the gas phase) and heterogeneous gas-solid reactions (oxidation on the surface of particles). Gas-phase reactions include direct photochemical oxidation of sulfur dioxide and oxidation by reacting with other gases and substances, including O, O2, O3 NO, NO2NO3 N2O5 OH, hydrocarbons, or some heavy metal ions. In the direct oxidation pathway, sulfur dioxide gas molecules (at different electronically excited states due to solar irradiation) react with each other, forming SO3, which may be further oxidised by other gases or water drops to form sulfate. Reaction pathways with other gases all result in similar end products: SO3, or sulfate. Rate constants for sulfur dioxide oxidation by these gases vary from 2x 10-24 to 4x10-3 cm3 per molecule per second, with the reaction with N2O5 being the fastest. Heterogeneous gas-solid reactions include oxidation of sulfur dioxide on the surfaces of activated carbons, metal oxides, and other particles. Sulfur dioxide may be photochemically or catalytically oxidized to SO3 and sulfate in air. The oxidations generally involve homogeneous-phase reactions (oxidation in gas or liquid phase) and heterogeneous gas-solid reactions (oxidation on the surface of particles). The atmospheric residence time of sulfur dioxide is about 10 days. Photochemical oxidation involves the reaction of sulfur dioxide with reactive molecules and free radical species, and with products of O3 and alkene gases. Photochemical oxidation is thought to be initiated by absorption of solar irradiation energy. Sulfur dioxide can be oxidized by OH radicals in the gas phase relatively quickly, making it a major mechanism for sulfur dioxide conversion. The conversion rates have been characterized to be >l% per hour. In the atmosphere, aqueous-phase oxidation of sulfur dioxide can occur in cloud, fog, rain, deliquescent aerosol particles, and in surface liquid films on these particles. Once dissolved in these droplets, sulfur dioxide may be oxidised to sulfate via a variety of mechanisms, thus forming "acid rain". Such a removal mechanism is commonly termed "wet deposition". Sulfur dioxide can also be removed from air by uptake of plant leaves. It is reported that direct surface uptake of sulfur dioxide is the most significant dry removal process for atmospheric sulfur. Sulfur dioxide is very soluble in water, and oceans are generally considered to be a sink for sulfur dioxide. It is also possible that oceans can be a source of sulfur dioxide if the equilibrium pressure of sulfur dioxide in surface water exceeds the partial pressure of sulfur dioxide in the air immediately above it. Any potential releases of sulfur dioxide from water would be expected to partition to the atmosphere. Dissolved sulfur dioxide in the surface layer of the ocean may be slowly oxidised to the sulfate anion (SO4 2-) by the combined presence of dissolved O2 and trace amounts of transition metal salts as catalysts. At ocean depths, dispersed sulfate may be reduced to sulfur dioxide, sulfur, and hydrogen sulfide by the action of bacteria. Sulfur dioxide absorbed by freshwater lakes is less rapidly oxidized than seawater because of the much lower salt content of freshwater. Soil can absorb sulfur dioxide, with uptake being dependent on the pH and moisture content of the soil. Acid rain is the leading cause in an increase in heavy metal mobility in soil. When soil is basic pH, heavy metals will form insoluble oxides or hydroxides of sulfate, and when soil is acidic, soluble sulfates will form. Sulfur dioxide can be reduced to H2S in heat- and alkali-treated sewage sludge by the sulfate-reducing bacteria, Desulfovbrio desulfuricans or Desulfotomaculum orientis. POTASSIUM METABISULFITE: SULFUR DIOXIDE: Toxicity Fish: LC50(96)>12.5mg/L Toxicity invertebrate: LC50(48)802-2241ppm Ecotoxicity Ingredient Persistence: Water/Soil Persistence: Air Bioaccumulation Mobility sulfur dioxide LOW LOW HIGH
Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
US EPA Waste Number & Descriptions A. General Product Information Reactivity characteristic: use EPA hazardous waste number D003 (waste code R). Disposal Instructions All waste must be handled in accordance with local, state and federal regulations. # Puncture containers to prevent re-use and bury at an authorized landfill. Legislation addressing waste disposal requirements may differ by country, state and/ or territory. Each user must refer to laws operating in their area. In some areas, certain wastes must be tracked. A Hierarchy of Controls seems to be common - the user should investigate: Reduction Reuse Recycling Disposal (if all else fails) This material may be recycled if unused, or if it has not been contaminated so as to make it unsuitable for its intended use. Shelf life considerations should also be applied in making decisions of this type. Note that properties of a material may change in use, and recycling or reuse may not always be appropriate. DO NOT allow wash water from cleaning equipment to enter drains. Collect all wash water for treatment before disposal. For small quantities: Neutralize an aqueous solution of the material. Filter solids for disposal to approved land fill.
12 of 14 Flush solution to sewer (subject to local regulation) Heat and fumes evolved during reaction may be controlledby rate of addition. Recycle wherever possible or consult manufacturer for recycling options. Consult Waste Management Authority for disposal. Bury residue in an authorized landfill. Recycle containers where possible, or dispose of in an authorized landfill.
Section 14 - TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION
! Air transport may be forbidden if this material is flammable, corrosive or toxic gases may be released under normal conditions of transport.
NOT REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS: DOT, IATA, IMDG
Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION
REGULATIONS potassium metabisulfite (CAS: 16731-55-8,4429-42-9) is found on the following regulatory lists; "Canada Domestic Substances List (DSL)","Canada Ingredient Disclosure List (SOR/88-64)","Canada Toxicological Index Service - Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System - WHMIS (English)","Canada Toxicological Index Service - Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System - WHMIS (French)","OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals","US Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Cosmetic ingredients found safe as used","US DOE Temporary Emergency Exposure Limits (TEELs)","US FDA Direct Food Substances Generally Recognized as Safe","US Food Additive Database","US Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) - Inventory" Regulations for ingredients sulfur dioxide (CAS: 7446-09-5) is found on the following regulatory lists; "Canada - Alberta Ambient Air Quality Objectives","Canada - Alberta Occupational Exposure Limits","Canada - British Columbia Occupational Exposure Limits","Canada - Northwest Territories Occupational Exposure Limits (English)","Canada - Nova Scotia Occupational Exposure Limits","Canada - Ontario Occupational Exposure Limits","Canada - Prince Edward Island Occupational Exposure Limits","Canada - Prince Edward Island Occupational Exposure Limits - Carcinogens","Canada - Quebec Permissible Exposure Values for Airborne Contaminants (English)","Canada - Saskatchewan Occupational Health and Safety Regulations - Contamination Limits","Canada - Yukon Carcinogens with a Permitted Exposure","Canada - Yukon Permissible Concentrations for Airborne Contaminant Substances","Canada Domestic Substances List (DSL)","Canada Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) 1999 - Schedule 1 Toxic Substances List","Canada Environmental Quality Guidelines (EQGs) Air","Canada Ingredient Disclosure List (SOR/88-64)","Canada National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI)","Canada Toxicological Index Service - Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System - WHMIS (English)","Canada Toxicological Index Service - Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System - WHMIS (French)","International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Reviewed by the IARC Monographs","International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume List","OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals","US - Alaska Limits for Air Contaminants","US - California Occupational Safety and Health Regulations (CAL/OSHA) - Hazardous Substances List","US - California OEHHA/ARB - Acute Reference Exposure Levels and Target Organs (RELs)","US - California Permissible Exposure Limits for Chemical Contaminants","US - Hawaii Air Contaminant Limits","US - Idaho - Limits for Air Contaminants","US - Massachusetts Oil & Hazardous Material List","US - Michigan Exposure Limits for Air Contaminants","US - Minnesota Hazardous Substance List","US - Minnesota Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)","US - New Jersey Right to Know Hazardous Substances","US - Oregon Hazardous Materials","US - Oregon Permissible Exposure Limits (Z-1)","US - Pennsylvania - Hazardous Substance List","US - Rhode Island Hazardous Substance List","US - Tennessee Occupational Exposure Limits - Limits For Air Contaminants","US - Vermont Permissible Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A Final Rule Limits for Air Contaminants","US - Vermont Permissible Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A Transitional Limits for Air Contaminants","US - Washington Permissible exposure limits of air contaminants","US - Wyoming List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics and Reactives","US - Wyoming Toxic and Hazardous Substances Table Z1 Limits for Air Contaminants","US ACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLV)","US ACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLV) - Carcinogens","US ATSDR Minimal Risk Levels for Hazardous Substances (MRLs)","US Department of Homeland Security Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards - Chemicals of Interest","US DOE Temporary Emergency Exposure Limits (TEELs)","US EPA Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) - Interim","US EPA High Production Volume Chemicals Additional List","US FDA Direct Food Substances Generally Recognized as Safe","US Food Additive Database","US List of Lists - Consolidated List of Chemicals Subject to the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) and Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act","US NFPA 45 Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals - Flammability Characteristics of Common Compressed and Liquefied Gases","US NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs)","US OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics and Reactives","US OSHA Permissible Exposure Levels (PELs) - Table Z1","US SARA Section 302 Extremely Hazardous Substances","US Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) - Inventory","USA: Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards - List Appendix A - 6CFR 27"
Section 16 - OTHER INFORMATION
LIMITED EVIDENCE ! Inhalation may produce health damage*.
! Cumulative effects may result following exposure*. ! Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect*.
13 of 14 ! Possible respiratory and skin sensitizer*. * (limited evidence). Ingredients with multiple CAS Nos Ingredient Name CAS potassium metabisulfite 16731-55-8, 4429-42-9 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH GUIDELINES ! Established occupational exposure limits frequently do not take into consideration reproductive end points that are clearly below the thresholds for other toxic effects. Occupational reproductive guidelines (ORGs) have been suggested as an additional standard. These have been established after a literature search for reproductive no-observed-adverse effect-level (NOAEL) and the lowest-observed-adverse- effect-level (LOAEL). In addition the US EPA's procedures for risk assessment for hazard identification and dose-response assessment as applied by NIOSH were used in the creation of such limits. Uncertainty factors (UFs) have also been incorporated. Ingredient ORG UF Endpoint CR Adeq TLV sulfur dioxide 2.3 mg/m3 100 D NA - ! These exposure guidelines have been derived from a screening level of risk assessment and should not be construed as unequivocally safe limits. ORGS represent an 8-hour time-weighted average unless specified otherwise. CR = Cancer Risk/10000; UF = Uncertainty factor: TLV believed to be adequate to protect reproductive health: LOD: Limit of detection Toxic endpoints have also been identified as: D = Developmental; R = Reproductive; TC = Transplacental carcinogen Jankovic J., Drake F.: A Screening Method for Occupational Reproductive Health Risk: American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 57: 641-649 (1996).
Reasonable care has been taken in the preparation of this information, but the author makes no warranty of merchantability or any other warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to this information. The author makes no representations and assumes no liability for any direct, incidental or consequential damages resulting from its use. For additional technical information please call our toxicology department on +800 CHEMCALL. ! Classification of the mixture and its individual components has drawn on official and authoritative sources as well as independent review by the Chemwatch Classification committee using available literature references.
A list of reference resources used to assist the committee may be found at: www.chemwatch.net/references. ! The (M)SDS is a Hazard Communication tool and should be used to assist in the Risk Assessment. Many factors determine whether the reported Hazards are Risks in the workplace or other settings. Risks may be determined by reference to Exposures Scenarios. Scale of use, frequency of use and current or available engineering controls must be considered.
This document is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, review or criticism, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission from CHEMWATCH. TEL (+61 3) 9572 4700.
Issue Date: Mar-3-2008 Print Date:Aug-12-2010
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