Highly sensitive detection of Rydberg atoms with fluorescence loss spectrum in cold atoms
Xuerong Shi(师雪荣)1,2, Hao Zhang(张好)1,2, Mingyong Jing(景明勇)1,2, Linjie Zhang(张临杰)1,2, Liantuan Xiao(肖连团)1,2, Suotang Jia(贾锁堂)1,2 Citation:Chin. Phys. B . 2020, 29(1): 013201 . doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab593b Journal homepage: http://cpb.iphy.ac.cn; http://iopscience.iop.org/cpb
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Highly sensitive detection of Rydberg atoms with fluorescence loss spectrum in cold atoms∗
Xuerong Shi(师雪荣)1,2, Hao Zhang(张好)1,2,†, Mingyong Jing(景明勇)1,2, Linjie Zhang(张临杰)1,2, Liantuan Xiao(肖连团)1,2, and Suotang Jia(贾锁堂)1,2
1State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China 2Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
(Received 10 October 2019; revised manuscript received 12 November 2019; accepted manuscript online 20 November 2019)
Fluorescence loss spectrum for detecting cold Rydberg atoms with high sensitivity has been obtained based on lock-in detection of fluorescence of 6P3/2 state when cooling lasers of the magneto-optical trap are modulated. The experiment results show that the signal to noise ratio has been improved by 32.64 dB when the modulation depth (converted to laser frequency) and frequency are optimized to 4 MHz and 6 kHz, respectively. This technique enables us to perform a highly sensitive non-destructive detection of Rydberg atoms.
Keywords: fluorescence loss spectrum, Rydberg atoms, signal to noise ratio PACS: 32.10.Ee, 32.30.Dx, 32.50.+d DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab593b
1. Introduction cence loss spectrum is also used for recording Rydberg excita- In recent years, significant progress in the research field tion spectra in a magneto-optic trap spanning a series of prin- [30,31] of ultra-cold atoms has taken place, such as coupling ultra- cipal quantum numbers. However, in those techniques, cold atoms with ions systems.[1–3] Besides, ultra-cold atomic the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) shows large room to improve. ensembles also provide an ideal platform for investigating the In this study, we use a method to directly measure the fluores- behavior of interacting many-body quantum systems due to cence of the excited states of the cooled atoms in the magneto- their large degree of control and tunability.[4–6] Rydberg atoms optic trap, when the coupling laser is tuned at the resonance excited in cold atoms have attracted lots of interests of sci- with a certain Rydberg level we could observe a sudden drop entists, and much of the recent breakthrough in the field of of the magneto-optical trap (MOT) fluorescence signal, which quantum information has been made by taking advantage of can be utilized for the detection of the Rydberg atoms, and in strong interactions between Rydberg atoms,[7–9] quantum non- order to improve the detection sensitivity, a frequency mod- [10–13] [14–16] linear optics, quantum information processing, as ulation is applied on the cooling lasers. The precision laser well as Rydberg-dressed atoms based on laser cooling and spectroscopy measurements of Rydberg states are made ef- [17,18] trapping. fectively using pure optical detection with a vapor cell sam- The decay rates of Rydberg states are quite small accord- ple based on frequency modulation as described in Ref. [32]. ing to their long lifetimes which are proportional to n3,[19] High-resolution photoassociation spectroscopy by using the and multiple decay channels and non-radiative decay make modulation technique is also carried out in a cesium atomic the radiation of Rydberg states a much complicated process. magneto-optical trap.[33,34] Therefore, the fluorescence of a high lying Rydberg state is In this paper, we demonstrate a highly sensitive fluores- too weak to be observed directly in this case. There are sev- eral methods to detect Rydberg atoms, such as ions detection, cence loss spectroscopy based on ultra-cold cesium atoms in a in which the state selective field ionization (SFI) techniques magneto-optical trap by adding a frequency modulation to the are generally used to detect specific Rydberg states, however, cooling lasers. The modulation frequencies and depth have the Rydberg atoms are ionized in this case and this detec- been optimized that lead to the improvement of SNR at least tion method is destructive.[20–24] Electromagnetically induced 30 dB compared to the unmodulated spectrum. The modu- transparency (EIT) has been successfully applied to provide lated fluorescence loss detection technique provides a simpler, a non-destructive method for Rydberg states detection.[25–28] versatile, and non-destructive method for the detection of Ry- Besides absorption spectroscopy and imaging,[29] the fluores- dberg atoms. ∗Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2017YFA0304203 and 2016YFF0200104), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61505099, 61827824, 91536110, and 61975104), and the Fund for Shanxi ‘1331 Project’ Key Subjects Construction, Bairen Project of Shanxi Province, China. †Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] © 2020 Chinese Physical Society and IOP Publishing Ltd http://iopscience.iop.org/cpb http://cpb.iphy.ac.cn 013201-1 Chin. Phys. B Vol. 29, No. 1 (2020) 013201
0 2. Experimental setup of atoms on state 6S1/2(F = 3) decaying from 6P3/2(F = 4) level, another repumping laser is necessary which is provided Cold cesium atoms are prepared in a magneto-optical by an external-cavity diode laser (New Focus, model 6305), trap with the temperature about 200 µK. A cuboid shaped and the frequency is locked to the transition of 6S1/2(F = 3) → quartz vacuum chamber with a background pressure of about 0 6P3/2(F = 4) by using a polarized absorption spectrum. In our 1.5×10−10 Torr is connected with a cesium reservoir via a experiments, the first excitation laser which drives the atoms metal valve. The quadrupole magnetic field for MOT is gen- from ground state 6S1/2 to excited state 6P3/2 is performed erated by a pair of anti-Helmholtz coils together with mag- by the cooling lasers, and another 510 nm laser provided by netic fields compensations, and the magnetic field gradient of a frequency-doubled laser (TA-SHG pro, Toptica) couples the the quadrupole field along the symmetry axis of the coils is transition from the excited state to 47D5/2 Rydberg state. The about 10 G/cm. The cooling beams are provided by a com- frequency of the upper transition laser is scanned around cer- mercial diode laser (DL pro, Toptica) of which the linewidth tain Rydberg state to record the fluorescence spectrum, and the is smaller than 1 MHz and the frequency is stabilized to tran- diameter is about 0.4 mm, which is a little bit larger than the 0 sition 6S1/2(F = 4) → 6P3/2(crossover of F = 3 and 5) using size of the atoms cloud (0.3 mm in diameter). In this case, a saturated absorption spectroscopy, and then shifted with an all the atoms can be illuminated by both excitation lasers. By acoustic optical modulator (AOM) to be red detuned from the using the absorption method, the number of the trapped atoms 0 7 6S1/2(F = 4) → 6P3/2(F = 5) atomic transition, and the de- is measured to be about 4×10 , yielding a peak density of 11 −3 tunning is about twice of the natural linewidth of state 6P3/2. 3.5×10 cm . The fluorescence loss spectra are investigated The power of the cooling beams is about 1.3 mW each and based on the three-level systems, and the related energy level the diameter is about 5 mm. To prevent the accumulation diagrams and experimental setup are shown in Fig.1.
oscilloscope (a) (b) PD lock in generator fluorescence λ/4 λ/2 PBS DL Pro
AOM λ/2 PBS λ/2 λ/2 852 nm PBS
λ/2 λ/2 (c)
λ/4 |3>=|47D5/2> ∆Ryd λ/2 PBS
AOM 510 nm λ/2 510 nm PD |2>=|6P > PBS PID 3/2 Γ Vsin(ωt+θ) λ/2 852 nm
|1>=|6S1/2>
Fig. 1. Experiment setup and levels diagram. (a) Lasers setup, where the 852 nm laser (upper left) is coupled into three PM fibers respectively as the cooling beams. The 510 nm coupling beam (left lower) is split into two parts, one of which is used for power stabilization via PID, and the other one is coupled into a PM fiber for Rydberg excitation. (b) Zoom in of the trapping area, including cooling and excitation lasers, MOT coils, and photodiode for fluorescence collection. (c) Cascade three levels of Rydberg excitation. Cesium atoms are excited from 6S1/2 ground state to 6P3/2 excited state with 852 nm cooling lasers and then from the excited state to 47D5/2 Rydberg state by 510 nm coupling laser. The detuning of the first excitation laser is periodically varied due to the modulation of the 852 nm cooling lasers. As mentioned above, the frequency of the 510 nm cou- detector (PDA36A-EC, Thorlabs). The frequency of the cool- pling laser is scanned and at the same time the oscilloscope ing lasers is modulated by feeding a weak oscillation through is used to record the fluorescence loss spectrum of Rydberg the frequency MOD interface of the cooling laser AOM. The atoms excitation. The scanning speed of the 510 nm laser is varying ranges of depth (converted to laser frequency) and fre- slow and carefully chosen to be 0.8 MHz/s with which the quencies of modulation are 0.2–5.7 MHz and 1–11 kHz in signal intensity is almost twice larger than that of fast scan steps of about 0.4 MHz and 1 kHz, respectively. The fluores- (e.g., 3.2 MHz/s) and the signal is symmetry for both scan di- cence signal is then sent into and demodulated with a lock-in rections. The fluorescence is collected by an achromatic lens amplifier (SR830, Standford Research Systems), of which the whose focal length is 50 mm and detected with a photoelectric time constant is 300 ms and the sensitivity is 200 mV.[35] 013201-2 Chin. Phys. B Vol. 29, No. 1 (2020) 013201
3. Results and discussion this system. The decay and decoherence of the system can be The direct fluorescence loss spectra are shown in Fig.2. attributed to the finite lifetime of the atomic levels, interaction The blue and black dots represent the signal with and without and collisions between atoms, which lead to a Liouville term modulation, respectively. The red line is the theoretical cal- in the equation. Then the time evolution of the density matrix culation. All the data are normalized with respect to the peak becomes of the modulated signal. Obviously, the signal increases a lot i 1 ρ˙ = − [H,ρ] − {Γ ,ρ}, (1) and the noise narrows down when the cooling lasers are mod- h¯ 2 ulated which leads to a significantly enhancement of SNR of where Γ has hn|Γ |mi = γnδnm. Then we have the following the fluorescence loss spectrum. optical Bloch equation:
Ω 1.0 ρ˜˙ = i 852 (ρ − ρ ), 11 2 21 12 0.8 Ω852 Ω510 ρ˜˙22 = −γ2ρ22 − i (ρ21 − ρ12) − i (ρ23 − ρ32), 0.6 2 2 Ω ρ˜˙ = −γ ρ + i 510 (ρ − ρ ), 0.4 33 2 33 2 23 32 ∗ 0.2 unmodulated ρ˜˙ = ρ˜˙12 = (−γ12 + i(∆510 − ∆852))ρ˜12 modulated 21 Fluorescence signal Fluorescence calculation Ω510 Ω852 0 − i ρ˜ + i ρ˜ , 2 13 2 32 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 ˙ ∗ ˙ ρ˜31 = ρ˜13 = (−γ13 − i∆852)ρ˜13 Frequency/MHz Ω Ω + i 852 (ρ˜ − ρ˜ ) − i 510 ρ˜ , Fig. 2. Direct fluorescence loss spectra with (blue dots) and without (black 2 33 11 2 12 dots) modulation. Red line is the result of theoretical calculation. ˙ ∗ ˙ ρ˜32 = ρ˜23 = (−γ23 − i∆510)ρ˜23 In order to study the fluorescence variation of excited Ω510 Ω852 + i (ρ˜33 − ρ˜22) − i ρ˜21. (2) states, we consider a three-level system composed of states 2 2
|1i, |2i, and |3i, corresponding to the ground 6S1/2, excited Theoretically, the absolute fluorescence radiance, BF, in the [36] 6P3/2, and Rydberg 47D5/2 states, respectively, which is illus- absence of self-absorption is obtained through the relation trated in Fig. 1(c). The atoms are excited to the Rydberg states B = n h A l/ , through two-photon excitation 6S1/2–6P3/2–47D5/2. The sys- F 0ρ22 ν12 21 4π (3) tem Hamiltonian is written in the form 3 where n0 is the total population (number of atoms per cm ), 0 Ω 0 852 hν12 is the energy difference between the ground and excited H = −2 , Ω852 ∆510 Ω852 states, A (in s−1) represents the Einstein spontaneous emis- 0 Ω −2(∆ + ∆ ) 21 852 510 852 sion probability, and l (in cm) denotes the depth of the (homo- in which Ω852 and Ω510 represent the Rabi frequencies of the geneous) fluorescing volume as seen in the direction of obser- 852 nm first excitation and 510 nm coupling lasers, respec- vation. The ρ22 is the probability density distribution on the tively, ∆510 and ∆852 denote the detunings associated with the excited state and it is determined by the frequency detuning as 510 nm laser and 852 nm laser, respectively. The Von Neu- well as the Rabi frequency of the cooling laser beams and the mann equation is applied to investigate the time evolution of 510 nm laser beam, and the steady state solution is
4(∆ + ∆ )2Ω 2 = 852 510 852 , (4) ρ22 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4γ2 (∆852 + ∆510) + (−4∆852(∆852 + ∆510) + Ω510) + 2(4(∆852 + ∆510) + Ω510)Ω852 + Ω852
where γ2 is the decay rate of the excited state and the decay frequency, and k represents a coefficient of the modulation am- rate of Rydberg state γ3 is ignored throughout the calculation plitude impact on the laser intensity. Besides, the relationship between ρ22 and ρ33 can be writ- as it is far smaller than ∆852. When we add the frequency ten as modulation to the cooling lasers, in the expression of ρ22, the 2 2 ∆852 can be substituted with (−3/2γ2 +Acos(2πtδ)) and Ω852 ρ33 Ω510 + Ω852 = 2 . (5) 2 1/2 ρ22 4(∆852 + ∆510) can be substituted with (Ω852(0) − Akcos(2πtδ)) , where A represents the modulation depth, δ represents the modulation Thus, in this paper, we mainly use ρ22 to investigate the vari- 013201-3 Chin. Phys. B Vol. 29, No. 1 (2020) 013201 ation of the fluorescence loss spectrum. Since the cooling and by about 33 dB with respect to the mean value of 19.84 dB of repumping lasers are applied continuously on the atoms, the the original fluorescence loss signals. atomic populations on the ground and excited states are in dy- namical equilibrium. Then the rapid decrease of the atomic 60 0.24 (a) population on the excited state is mainly due to the excita- tion to Rydberg state rather than decay. Since the cooling 50 0.23 lasers also serve as the first excitation laser, the number of 40 2 kHz 0.22 cooled atoms in the MOT can be evaluated by observing the 4 kHz fluorescence of the atom cloud, in this way we measure the SNR/dB 6 kHz 30 8 kHz 0.21 dependency of fluorescence of the excited state on the detun- 10 kHz simulation ing of the cooling laser beams without both modulation and 20 0.20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rydberg excitation as shown in inset of Fig.3, which was Rydbergunits excitation/arb. Modulation depth/MHz also illustrated in Refs. [37,38]. The fluorescence signal peaks 60 around the position when the cooling lasers are red-detuned by (b) 7.5 MHz. Then modulation with the frequency of 6 kHz and depth of 0.2–5.7 MHz is applied on the cooling lasers. The 50 fluorescence signal of the excited state decreases as expected, as shown in Fig.3. 40 SNR/dB 0.07 30
0.06 20 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0.05 Modulation frequency/kHz Fig. 4. (a) The SNR versus modulation depth with different modulation 12 0.04 frequencies of 2 kHz, 4 kHz, 6 kHz, 8 kHz, and 10 kHz. (b) When 10 the modulation depth is fixed at 4 MHz, we measure the SNR versus 0.03 8 different modulation frequencies. The error bars represent the standard 6 deviation uncertainty from fitting data. 4 -20 -10 0
Fluorescence signal/arb. units signal/arb. Fluorescence 0.02 Fluorescence signal/arb. units signal/arb. Fluorescence Detuning/MHz We choose the D state of Rydberg atoms for detection in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 the experiment for its larger transition dipole moment com- Modulation depth/MHz pared to that of S state. However, the D state exhibits DC Fig. 3. The dependency of the excited state fluorescence on the depth of modulation of the cooling lasers. Inset: the dependency of fluores- stark splitting due to the stray electric field which is not well cence of cooling atoms on detuning of the cooling lasers. The error bars compensated in the experiment, shown as a small bump in the represent the fluorescence jitter. left wing of signal in the fluorescence loss spectrum in Fig.2. Thus, we can simulate the dependence of Rydberg excita- Fluctuations of atoms number due to power instability of cool- tion on the modulation parameters of the 852 nm laser consid- ing lasers and collisions between atoms and environment par- ering the population decrease in the cooling process caused by ticles contribute to the errors of the experiment. the modulation on the cooling lasers, and the optimal modu- lation parameters can be obtained from the theoretical simula- 4. Conclusion tion as shown by the red solid line in Fig.4. In the experiment, We obtained a highly sensitive fluorescence loss spectrum we systematically investigate the effects of the modulation on in the MOT of cesium atoms by optimizing the modulation the fluorescence loss spectrum by varying the depth and fre- depth and frequencies of the cooling lasers, which leads to a quencies of the modulation. SNR data are extracted from each significant improvement of the signal to noise ratio of the spec- measurement as shown in Fig.4. The dependencies of SNR trum, and the best result is 32.64 dB. This technique provides on the modulation depth for each frequency are almost arch shapes of which the peaks are around 2.5–4.5 MHz, which a robust and sensitive way for detections of Rydberg atoms agrees with the theoretical calculation, while it remains nearly non-destructively. the same value when the modulation frequencies are varied since the detunings and density of the first excitation are only References affected by the depth of modulation rather than the frequen- [1] Grier A T, Cetina M, Oruceviˇ c´ F and Vuletic´ V 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 223201 cies. In the best result of measurements, the SNR of the mod- [2] Schmid S, Harter¨ A and Denschlag J H 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 ulated fluorescence loss spectrum is 52.48 dB, which improves 133202 013201-4 Chin. Phys. B Vol. 29, No. 1 (2020) 013201
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013201-5 Chinese Physics B
Volume 29 Number 1 January 2020
TOPICAL REVIEW — Strong-field atomic and molecular physics 013205 Bohmian trajectory perspective on strong field atomic processes Xuan-Yang Lai and Xiao-Jun Liu 013302 Review on non-dipole effects in ionization and harmonic generation of atoms and molecules Mu-Xue Wang, Si-Ge Chen, Hao Liang and Liang-You Peng
TOPICAL REVIEW — Fundamental research under high magnetic fields 017401 Specific heat in superconductors Hai-Hu Wen
TOPICAL REVIEW — Advanced calculation & characterization of energy storage materials & devices at multiple scale 018201 Neutron-based characterization techniques for lithium-ion battery research Enyue Zhao, Zhi-Gang Zhang, Xiyang Li, Lunhua He, Xiqian Yu, Hong Li and Fangwei Wang
SPECIAL TOPIC — Advanced calculation & characterization of energy storage mate- rials & devices at multiple scale 016101 Photon-in/photon-out endstation for studies of energy materials at beamline 02B02 of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Guoxi Ren, Nian Zhang, Xuefei Feng, Hui Zhang, Pengfei Yu, Shun Zheng, Deng Zhou, Zongwang Tian and Xiaosong Liu
SPECIAL TOPIC — Topological semimetals
017304 Electronic structure of correlated topological insulator candidate YbB6 studied by pho- toemission and quantum oscillation T Zhang, G Li, S C Sun, N Qin, L Kang, S H Yao, H M Weng, S K Mo, L Li, Z K Liu, L X Yang and Y L Chen
SPECIAL TOPIC — Optical field manipulation 014208 Dynamic shaping of vectorial optical fields based on two-dimensional blazed holographic grating Xinyi Wang, Yuan Gao, Zhaozhong Chen, Jianping Ding and Hui-Tian Wang
SPECIAL TOPIC — High-throughput screening and design of optoelectronic materials 018502 High-throughput fabrication and semi-automated characterization of oxide thin film tran- sistors Yanbing Han, Sage Bauers, Qun Zhang and Andriy Zakutayev
(Continued on the Bookbinding Inside Back Cover) RAPID COMMUNICATION 013206 Attosecond pulse trains driven by IR pulses spectrally broadened via supercontinuum generation in solid thin plates Yu-Jiao Jiang, Yue-Ying Liang, Yi-Tan Gao, Kun Zhao, Si-Yuan Xu, Ji Wang, Xin-Kui He, Hao Teng, Jiang-Feng Zhu, Yun-Lin Chen and Zhi-Yi Wei 014704 Supersonic boundary layer transition induced by self-sustaining dual jets Qiang Liu, Zhenbing Luo, Xiong Deng, Zhiyong Liu, Lin Wang and Yan Zhou
018104 Epitaxial growth and air-stability of monolayer Cu2Te K Qian, L Gao, H Li, S Zhang, J H Yan, C Liu, J O Wang, T Qian, H Ding, Y Y Zhang, X Lin, S X Du and H-J Gao 018501 Visualization of tunnel magnetoresistance effect in single manganite nanowires Yang Yu, Wenjie Hu, Qiang Li, Qian Shi, Yinyan Zhu, Hanxuan Lin, Tian Miao, Yu Bai, Yanmei Wang, Wenting Yang, Wenbin Wang, Hangwen Guo, Lifeng Yin and Jian Shen 018702 Quantum intelligence on protein folding pathways Wen-Wen Mao, Li-Hua Lv, Yong-Yun Ji and You-Quan Li
GENERAL 010301 Coherence measures based on sandwiched R´enyi relative entropy Jianwei Xu 010302 A new way to construct topological invariants of non-Hermitian systems with the non- Hermitian skin effect J S Liu, Y Z Han and C S Liu 010303 Landau-like quantized levels of neutral atom induced by a dark-soliton shaped electric field Yueming Wang and Zhen Jin 010304 Fault tolerant controlled quantum dialogue against collective noise Li-Wei Chang, Yu-Qing Zhang, Xiao-Xiong Tian, Yu-Hua Qian and Shi-Hui Zheng 010305 Heralded entanglement purification protocol using high-fidelity parity-check gate based on nitrogen-vacancy center in optical cavity Lu-Cong Lu, Guan-Yu Wang, Bao-Cang Ren, Mei Zhang and Fu-Guo Deng 010306 Collapses-revivals phenomena induced by weak magnetic flux in diamond chain Na-Na Chang, Wen-Quan Jing, Yu Zhang, Ai-Xia Zhang, Ju-Kui Xue and Su-Peng Kou 010307 Cyclotron dynamics of neutral atoms in optical lattices with additional magnetic field and harmonic trap potential Ai-Xia Zhang, Ying Zhang, Yan-Fang Jiang, Zi-Fa Yu, Li-Xia Cai and Ju-Kui Xue 010308 Quantum adiabatic algorithms using unitary interpolation Shuo Zhang, Qian-Heng Duan, Tan Li, Xiang-Qun Fu, He-Liang Huang, Xiang Wang and Wan-Su Bao 010401 Analyzing floor-stair merging flow based on experiments and simulation Yu Zhu, Tao Chen, Ning Ding and Wei-Cheng Fan 010501 Fluctuation theorem for entropy production at strong coupling Y Y Xu, J Liu and M Feng 010701 Microfluidic temperature sensor based on temperature-dependent dielectric property of liquid Qi Liu, Yu-Feng Yu, Wen-Sheng Zhao and Hui Li 010702 A new technology for controlling in-situ oxygen fugacity in diamond anvil cells and mea- suring electrical conductivity of anhydrous olivine at high pressures and temperatures Wen-Shu Shen, Lei Wu, Tian-Ji Ou, Dong-Hui Yue, Ting-Ting Ji, Yong-Hao Han, Wen-Liang Xu and Chun-Xiao Gao 010703 Low temperature photoluminescence study of GaAs defect states Jia-Yao Huang, Lin Shang, Shu-Fang Ma, Bin Han, Guo-Dong Wei, Qing-Ming Liu, Xiao-Dong Hao, Heng-Sheng Shan and Bing-She Xu
010704 Atmospheric N2O gas detection based on an inter-band cascade laser around 3.939 µm Chun-Yan Sun, Yuan Cao, Jia-Jin Chen, Jing-Jing Wang, Gang Cheng, Gui-Shi Wang and Xiao-Ming Gao
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS 013101 Study of highly excited vibrational dynamics of HCP integrable system with dynamic potential methods Aixing Wang, Lifeng Sun, Chao Fang and Yibao Liu 013102 Benchmarking PBE+D3 and SCAN+rVV10 methods using potential energy surfaces generated with MP2+ΔCCSD(T) calculation Jie Chen, Weiyu Xie, Kaihang Li, Shengbai Zhang and Yi-Yang Sun 013201 Highly sensitive detection of Rydberg atoms with fluorescence loss spectrum in cold atoms Xuerong Shi, Hao Zhang, Mingyong Jing, Linjie Zhang, Liantuan Xiao and Suotang Jia 013202 Quantum interference of a time-dependent wave packet of atom irradiated by an ultra- short laser pulse Wen-Min Yan, Ji-Gen Chen, Jun Wang, Fu-Ming Guo and Yu-Jun Yang 013203 Relative phase effect of nonsequential double ionization in Ar by two-color elliptically polarized laser field Jia-He Chen, Tong-Tong Xu, Tao Han, Yue Sun, Qing-Yun Xu and Xue-Shen Liu 013204 Tunable multistability and nonuniform phases in a dimerized two-dimensional Rydberg lattice Han-Xiao Zhang, Chu-Hui Fan, Cui-Li Cui and Jin-Hui Wu 013301 Spectral attenuation of a 400-nm laser pulse propagating through a plasma filament induced by an intense femtosecond laser pulse Quan-Jun Wang, Rao Chen, Jia-Chen Zhao, Chun-Lin Sun, Xiao-Zhen Wang, Jing-Jie Ding, Zuo-Ye Liu and Bi-Tao Hu 013401 Electron capture in collisions of Li3+ ions with ground and excited states of Li atoms M X Ma, B H Kou, L Liu, Y Wu and J G Wang ELECTROMAGNETISM, OPTICS, ACOUSTICS, HEAT TRANSFER, CLASSICAL MECHANICS, AND FLUID DYNAMICS 014201 Broadband visible light absorber based on ultrathin semiconductor nanostructures Lin-Jin Huang, Jia-Qi Li, Man-Yi Lu, Yan-Quan Chen, Hong-Ji Zhu and Hai-Ying Liu 014202 Noise-like rectangular pulses in a mode-locked double-clad Er:Yb laser with a record pulse energy Tianyi Wu, Zhiyuan Dou, Bin Zhang and Jing Hou 014203 Propagation characteristics of parallel dark solitons in silicon-on-insulator waveguide Zhen Liu, Weiguo Jia, Yang Wang, Hongyu Wang, Neimule Men-Ke and Jun-Ping Zhang 014204 Soliton evolution and control in a two-mode fiber with two-photon absorption Qianying Li 014205 Acquisition performance analysis for intersatellite optical communications with vibration influence Jing Ma, Gaoyuan Lu, Siyuan Yu, Liying Tan, Yulong Fu and Fajun Li 014206 Unitary transformation of general nonoverlapping-image multimode interference couplers with any input and output ports Ze-Zheng Li, Wei-Hua Han and Zhi-Yong Li 014207 A novel particle tracking velocimetry method for complex granular flow field Bi-De Wang, Jian Song, Ran Li, Ren Han, Gang Zheng and Hui Yang 014209 Linear optical approach to supersymmetric dynamics Yong-Tao Zhan, Xiao-Ye Xu, Qin-Qin Wang, Wei-Wei Pan, Munsif Jan, Fu-Ming Chang, Kai Sun, Jin-Shi Xu, Yong-Jian Han, Chuan-Feng Li and Guang-Can Guo 014210 Displacement damage in optocouplers induced by high energy neutrons at back-n in China Spallation Neutron Source Rui Xu, Zu-Jun Wang, Yuan-Yuan Xue, Hao Ning, Min-Bo Liu, Xiao-Qiang Guo, Zhi-Bin Yao, Jiang- Kun Sheng, Wu-Ying Ma and Guan-Tao Dong 014211 Dielectric or plasmonic Mie object at air–liquid interface: The transferred and the trav- eling momenta of photon M R C Mahdy, Hamim Mahmud Rivy, Ziaur Rahman Jony, Nabila Binte Alam, Nabila Masud, Go- lam Dastegir Al Quaderi, Ibraheem Muhammad Moosa, Chowdhury Mofizur Rahman and M Sohel Rahman
014212 Orientation-dependent depolarization of supercontinuum in BaF2 crystal Zi-Xi Li, Cheng Gong, Tian-Jiao Shao, Lin-Qiang Hua, Xue-Bin Bian and Xiao-Jun Liu 014301 Noise properties of multi-combination information in x-ray grating-based phase-contrast imaging Wali Faiz, Ji Li, Kun Gao, Zhao Wu, Yao-Hu Lei, Jian-Heng Huang and Pei-Ping Zhu 014302 Micro-crack detection of nonlinear Lamb wave propagation in three-dimensional plates with mixed-frequency excitation Wei-Guang Zhu, Yi-Feng Li, Li-Qiang Guan, Xi-Li Wan, Hui-Yang Yu and Xiao-Zhou Liu 014303 Sound propagation in inhomogeneous waveguides with sound-speed profiles using the multimodal admittance method Qi Li, Juan Liu and Wei Guo 014304 Theoretical estimation of sonochemical yield in bubble cluster in acoustic field Zhuang-Zhi Shen 014701 Evaporation of saline colloidal droplet and deposition pattern Hong-Hui Sun, Wei-Bin Li, Wen-Jie Ji, Guo-Liang Dai, Yong Huan, Yu-Ren Wang and Ding Lan 014702 Mechanism from particle compaction to fluidization of liquid–solid two-phase flow Yue Zhang, Jinchun Song, Lianxi Ma, Liancun Zheng and Minghe Liu 014703 Acoustic characteristics of pulse detonation engine sound propagating in enclosed space Yang Kang, Ning Li, Chun-Sheng Weng and Xiao-Long Huang
CONDENSED MATTER: STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL, AND THERMAL PROP- ERTIES 016601 Beryllium carbide as diffusion barrier against Cu: First-principles study Hua-Liang Cao, Xin-Lu Cheng and Hong Zhang 016801 Sodium decorated net-Y nanosheet for hydrogen storage and adsorption mechanism: A first-principles study Yunlei Wang, Yuhong Chen and Yunhui Wang
016802 First-principles study of high performance lithium/sodium storage of Ti3C2T 2 nanosheets as electrode materials Li-Na Bai, Ling-Ying Kong, Jing Wen, Ning Ma, Hong Gao and Xi-Tian Zhang
CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAG- NETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES
017101 Giant topological Hall effect of ferromagnetic kagome metal Fe3Sn2 Qi Wang, Qiangwei Yin and Hechang Lei 017301 Improvement of radiative recombination rate in deep ultraviolet laser diodes with step- like quantum barrier and aluminum-content graded electron blocking layer Yi-Fu Wang, Mussaab I Niass, Fang Wang and Yu-Huai Liu 017302 Tetraalkyl-substituted zinc phthalocyanines used as anode buffer layers for organic light- emitting diodes Qian Chen, Songhe Yang, Lei Dong, Siyuan Cai, Jiaju Xu and Zongxiang Xu 017303 Tunneling magnetoresistance in ferromagnet/organic-ferromagnet/metal junctions Yan-Qi Li, Hong-Jun Kan, Yuan-Yuan Miao, Lei Yang, Shuai Qiu, Guang-Ping Zhang, Jun-Feng Ren, Chuan-Kui Wang and Gui-Chao Hu 017402 Surface Majorana flat bands in 푗 = 3/2 superconductors with singlet-quintet mixing Jia-Bin Yu and Chao-Xing Liu 017801 Non-parabolic effect for femtosecond laser-induced ultrafast electro-absorption in solids Li-Bo Liu, Hong-Xiang Deng, Xiao-Tao Zu, Xiao-Dong Yuan and Wan-Guo Zheng 017802 Thickness-dependent excitonic properties of atomically thin 2H-MoTe2 Jin-Huan Li, Dan Bing, Zhang-Ting Wu, Guo-Qing Wu, Jing Bai, Ru-Xia Du and Zheng-Qing Qi
INTERDISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 018101 Growth characteristics of type IIa large single crystal diamond with Ti/Cu as nitrogen getter in FeNi–C system Ming-Ming Guo, Shang-Sheng Li, Mei-Hua Hu, Tai-Chao Su, Jun-Zuo Wang, Guang-Jin Gao, Yue You and Yuan Nie 018102 Room temperature non-balanced electric bridge ethanol gas sensor based on a single ZnO microwire Yun-Zheng Li, Qiu-Ju Feng, Bo Shi, Chong Gao, De-Yu Wang and Hong-Wei Liang 018103 Influences of grain size and microstructure on optical properties of microcrystalline dia- mond films Jia-Le Wang, Cheng-Ke Chen, Xiao Li, Mei-Yan Jiang and Xiao-Jun Hu 018105 Optical and electrical properties of InGaZnON thin films Jian Ke Yao, Fan Ye and Ping Fan 018503 Infrared light-emitting diodes based on colloidal PbSe/PbS core/shell nanocrystals Byung-Ryool Hyun, Mikita Marus, Huaying Zhong, Depeng Li, Haochen Liu, Yue Xie, Weon-kyu Koh, Bing Xu, Yanjun Liu and Xiao Wei Sun 018701 Phase transition of DNA compaction in confined space: Effects of macromolecular crowd- ing are dominant Erkun Chen, Yangtao Fan, Guangju Zhao, Zongliang Mao, Haiping Zhou and Yanhui Liu 018901 Major impact of queue-rule choice on the performance of dynamic networks with limited buffer size Xiang Ling, Xiao-Kun Wang, Jun-Jie Chen, Dong Liu, Kong-Jin Zhu and Ning Guo