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Report of the Workshop on Age Reading of Red Mullet and Striped Red Mul- Let, 2–6 July 2012, Boulogne-Sur-Mer, France

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Report of the Workshop on Age Reading of Red Mullet and Striped Red Mul- Let, 2–6 July 2012, Boulogne-Sur-Mer, France ICES WKACM2 REPORT 2012 ICES ADVISORY COMMITTEE ICES CM 2012 / ACOM: 60 REF. WGNEW, PGMED, PGCCDBS Report of the second Workshop on Age Reading of Red Mullet and Striped Red Mullet 2 - 6 July 2012 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer H. C. Andersens Boulevard 44–46 DK–1553 Copenhagen V Denmark Telephone (+45) 33 38 67 00 Telefax (+45) 33 93 42 15 www.ices.dk [email protected] Recommended format for purposes of citation: ICES. 2012. Report of the workshop on age reading of red mullet and striped red mul- let, 2–6 July 2012, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France. ICES CM 2012/ACOM:60. 52 pp. For permission to reproduce material from this publication, please apply to the Gen- eral Secretary. The document is a report of an Expert Group under the auspices of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea and does not necessarily represent the views of the Council. © 2012 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ICES WKACM2 REPORT 2012 | i Contents Summary .................................................................................................................................. 1 1 Review on the biology .................................................................................................. 2 1.1 Mullus barbatus in the Mediterranean Sea ......................................................... 2 1.2 Mullus surmulutus in the Northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea ........................................................................................................................... 2 2 Age Validation Studies (ToRb) ................................................................................... 3 2.1 Mullus barbatus in the Mediterranean Sea ......................................................... 3 2.2 Mullus surmulutus in the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea ........................................................................................................................... 4 3 Results of reading (ToRa) ............................................................................................. 6 3.1 First reading........................................................................................................... 7 3.2 Age reading quality ............................................................................................ 11 3.3 Second reading .................................................................................................... 12 4 Sources of bias (ToRb) ................................................................................................ 16 4.1 Mullus surmuletus ............................................................................................. 16 4.2 Mullus barbatus .................................................................................................. 16 4.3 Position of the first growth ring ........................................................................ 16 4.4 Choice of the Calcified Piece ............................................................................. 17 5 Guidelines for age interpretation (ToRc) ................................................................ 19 6 Reference collection of otoliths (ToRd) ................................................................... 22 6.1 M. surmuletus ..................................................................................................... 22 6.2 M. barbatus .......................................................................................................... 24 7 Recommended validation methods for Mullus spp. ageing from otolith interpretation ................................................................................................... 29 7.1 Direct methods .................................................................................................... 29 7.2 Indirect methods ................................................................................................. 29 8 References ..................................................................................................................... 30 Annex 1: List of participants............................................................................................... 34 Annex 2: Agenda ................................................................................................................... 35 Annex 3: WKACM3 terms of reference for the next meeting ....................................... 36 Annex 4: Recommandations ............................................................................................... 37 ii | ICES WKACM2 REPORT 2012 Annex 5: Exchange results of Mullus species .................................................................. 38 Annex 6: Workshop results of Mullus species ................................................................ 45 ICES WKACM2 REPORT 2012 | 1 Summary The Planning Group on Commercial Catch, Discards and Biological Sampling (PGCCDBS) and the Planning Group of Mediterranean (PGMED) meetings in 2011 (ICES, 2011a) recommended an otoliths and scales exchange for Mullus species from Atlantic and Mediterranean sea. Workshop on Age reading red mullet (Mullus barba- tus) and striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus) (WKACM2, chair : K. Mahé, France) has been held in Boulogne sur Mer (France) from 2 to 6 July 2012. Five countries took part in this exchange (Spain, Greece, Cyprus, Italy, France, for a total of 8 partici- pants) during 2011, and 3 countries (Spain, Italy, France: 6 participants) have been involved in the workshop. Results of this exchange showed important problems between readers (Mahé et al., 2012). The aim of this workshop was to review the results of the exchange 2011 and compare them with those of the previous workshop, to review validation methods on these species, to clarify the interpretation of annual rings, to continue a reference col- lection of well defined otoliths and to improve the recommendations. This report presented a review of age validation studies and state-of-the-art on age- ing the two Mullus species. After the presentation of readings results (mean agree- ment percentage from 50.5% to 74.8%; mean CV from 29.7% to 61.7%) and the precision of age estimation, the participants identified the sources of bias in the in- terpretation of the Mullus age. In both species, the position of the first growth ring on the otolith was identified as most important problem especially for Mediterranean area. Regarding the age from scales and otoliths, the choice of calcified piece influ- enced the results. The participants agreed in indicating the otoliths as the best calci- fied structure to ageing Mullus species. After discussion, second reading was made with the new scheme. The precision increased specially for M. barbatus in the Medi- terranean sea (mean agreement percentage from 58.7% to 76.5%; mean CV from 37.3% to 16.7%). Moreover, there were some advances on the guideline of age reading during this workshop but it could be necessary to continue to clarify this guideline especially in the Mediterranean sea for both species. In consequence, the participants of WKACM2 recommended study on validation methods for Mullus spp. ageing from otolith interpretation and also they indicated the proposals. Moreover, in 2014, new otoliths exchange will be organize. In 2015, the new workshop (WKCAM3; Palma de Mallorca; co–chairs : F. Ordines, Spain ; K. Mahé, France) will focus on the analysis of exchange results, validation studies and formalized guideline of ageing for Mullus surmuletus and M. barbatus. 2 | ICES WKACM2 REPORT 2012 1 Review on the biology 1.1 Mullus barbatus in the Mediterranean Sea Red mullet, Mullus barbatus, is distributed in the eastern Atlantic, along the European and African coasts from the North Sea and England to Senegal and also in the Medi- terranean and Black Seas (Fisher et al., 1987). This species has a gregarious behaviour. In the Mediterranean Sea, red mullet is frequently found on muddy bottoms at depths ranging from 5 to 250 m. In summer, juveniles are concentred very close to the shore; in autumn, they move towards deeper bottoms (Voliani, 1999). According to Voliani (1999), the maximum total length (TL) of red mullet in the Mediterranean Sea is 28–29 cm for females and 23 cm for males. Red mullet reproduction takes place near the coast, from May to June–July (Gharbi and Ktari, 1981; Cherif et al., 2007). The length at first maturity is around 11–12 cm TL, both for females and males. Eggs, lar- vae and post larvae up to 30–35 mm of M. barbatus are pelagic and live in surface wa- ters. According to Sabatés and Palomera (1987), larvae are found in strictly surface waters (0–1.5 m depth). Larvae are found in the Mediterranean Sea mainly between June and July (Sabatés and Palomera, 1987). Juveniles up to 4–5 cm TL are pelagic. Beyond this size, juveniles become demersal. Recruitment occurs in coastal bottoms in summer–early autumn period (Levi et al., 2003). The maximum estimated age in the exploited standing stock is 10 years old for females and 7 for males. 1.2 Mullus surmulutus in the Northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea The striped red mullet is found along the European coasts from South Norway (Wheeler, 1978) and North Scotland (Gordon, 1981) including Faeroes (Blacker, 1977), south to the northern part of western Africa and in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. It is infrequent off Norway, around Ireland, the north coasts of England and the West of Scotland (Pethon, 1979;
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