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INTRODUCTION Sirna and Rnai
J Korean Med Sci 2003; 18: 309-18 Copyright The Korean Academy ISSN 1011-8934 of Medical Sciences RNA interference (RNAi) is the sequence-specific gene silencing induced by dou- ble-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Being a highly specific and efficient knockdown tech- nique, RNAi not only provides a powerful tool for functional genomics but also holds Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics and School of Biological Science, Seoul National a promise for gene therapy. The key player in RNAi is small RNA (~22-nt) termed University, Seoul, Korea siRNA. Small RNAs are involved not only in RNAi but also in basic cellular pro- cesses, such as developmental control and heterochromatin formation. The inter- Received : 19 May 2003 esting biology as well as the remarkable technical value has been drawing wide- Accepted : 23 May 2003 spread attention to this exciting new field. V. Narry Kim, D.Phil. Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics and School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea Key Words : RNA Interference (RNAi); RNA, Small interfering (siRNA); MicroRNAs (miRNA); Small Tel : +82.2-887-8734, Fax : +82.2-875-0907 hairpin RNA (shRNA); mRNA degradation; Translation; Functional genomics; Gene therapy E-mail : [email protected] INTRODUCTION established yet, testing 3-4 candidates are usually sufficient to find effective molecules. Technical expertise accumulated The RNA interference (RNAi) pathway was originally re- in the field of antisense oligonucleotide and ribozyme is now cognized in Caenorhabditis elegans as a response to double- being quickly applied to RNAi, rapidly improving RNAi stranded RNA (dsRNA) leading to sequence-specific gene techniques. -
Annale D890ahlfors.Pdf (5.211Mb)
TURUN YLIOPISTON JULKAISUJA ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS TURKUENSIS SARJA - SER. D OSA - TOM. 890 MEDICA - ODONTOLOGICA INTERLEUKIN-4 INDUCED LEUKOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION by Helena Ahlfors TURUN YLIOPISTO UNIVERSITY OF TURKU Turku 2009 From Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Turku and National Graduate School of Informational and Structural Biology Supervised by Professor Riitta Lahesmaa, M.D., Ph.D. Turku Centre for Biotechnology University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University Turku, Finland Reviewed by Professor Risto Renkonen M.D., Ph.D. Transplantation laboratory Haartman Institute University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland and Docent Panu Kovanen, M.D., Ph.D. Haartman Institute Department of Pathology University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland Opponent Assistant Professor Mohamed Oukka, Ph.D. Seattle Children’s Research Institute Department of Immunology University of Washington Seattle, USA ISBN 978-951-29-4183-4 (PRINT) ISBN 978-951-29-4184-1 (PDF) ISSN 0355-9483 Painosalama Oy – Turku, Finland 2009 Think where mans glory most begins and ends, and say my glory was I had such friends. William Butler Yeats (1865 – 1939) ABSTRACT Helena Ahlfors Interleukin-4 induced leukocyte differentiation Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku National Graduate School of Informational and Structural Biology, 2009 Monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are important mediators of innate immune system, whereas T lymphocytes are the effector cells of adaptive immune responses. DCs play a crucial role in bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Naïve CD4+ Th progenitors (Thp) differentiate to functionally distinct effector T cell subsets including Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells, which while being responsible for specific immune functions have also been implicated in pathological responses, such as autoimmunity, asthma and allergy. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2008/0148432 A1 Abad (43) Pub
US 2008O148432A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2008/0148432 A1 Abad (43) Pub. Date: Jun. 19, 2008 (54) TRANSGENIC PLANTS WITH ENHANCED Publication Classification AGRONOMIC TRAITS (51) Int. Cl. AOIH 5/00 (2006.01) CI2N 5/82 (2006.01) (76) Inventor: Mark Scott Abad, Webster Grove, CI2N 5/04 (2006.01) MO (US) (52) U.S. Cl. ......... 800/279: 800/281; 435/419,435/468; 8OO/320.1 Correspondence Address: (57)57 ABSTRACT MONSANTO COMPANY This invention provides transgenic plant cells with recombi 800 N. LINDBERGHBLVD, ATTENTION: GAIL nant DNA for expression of proteins that are useful for P. WUELLNER, IP PARALEGAL (E2NA) imparting enhanced agronomic trait(s) to transgenic crop ST. LOUIS MO 631.67 9 plants. This invention also provides transgenic plants and 9 progeny seed comprising the transgenic plant cells where the plants are selected for having an enhanced trait selected from the group of traits consisting of enhanced water use effi (21) Appl. No.: 11/374,300 ciency, enhanced cold tolerance, increased yield, enhanced nitrogen use efficiency, enhanced seed protein and enhanced seed oil. Also disclosed are methods for manufacturing trans (22) Filed: Dec. 21, 2005 genic seed and plants with enhanced traits. Patent Application Publication Jun. 19, 2008 Sheet 1 of 3 US 2008/0148432 A1 Figure 1. 41905 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 127 O2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Improvement of Lentil (Lens Culinaris Medik.) Through Genetic Transformation
Improvement of Lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.) through Genetic Transformation Von der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät Der Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover Zur Erlangung des Grades einer DOKTORIN DER NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN Dr. rer. nat. genehmigte Dissertation Von M.Sc. Rehana Hashem Geboren am 23.10.1971 in Dhaka, Bangladesh 2007 Referent: Prof. Dr. Hans - Jörg Jacobsen Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Edgar Maiß Prüfungsvorsitz: Prof. Dr. Bernhard Huchzemeyer Tag der Promotion: 23 February 2007 Dedicated to my beloved parents And My respected teachers ABSTRACT Work title: Improvement of Lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.) through genetic transformation. Hashem, Rehana The future agriculture will depend more on legume crops because they all have high energy and high protein production for human and animal nutrition as well as amino acid profiles complementary to those of other crops, mainly cereals. The unique symbiotic ability of legumes is to use atmospheric nitrogen for plant growth makes them preferable crops for sustainable agriculture. Lentil is the 2nd most important grain legume that gained worldwide economic importance as a source of protein (25.5 – 28.31 %). In addition, it is also suitable as a rotation crop to replenish soil nitrogen levels. It is a crop of cooler temperature and is widely grown in the temperate zones of the world. The production of lentil is usually considerably below the established yield potential as this crop is very sensitive to particular biotic and abiotic stresses. The most serious biotic attribute constrain in lentils are the foliar diseases such as Ascochyta blight, rust, Stemphylium blight and Botrytis grey mold. Yield stability and productivity and the value of lentil could be greatly increased by the introduction of stably inherited traits such as pest and disease resistance, herbicide resistance or improved protein quality. -
Wo 2009/134339 A2
(12) INTERNATIONALAPPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date 5 November 2009 (05.11.2009) WO 2009/134339 A2 (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every C12N 15/82 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, (21) International Application Number: CA, CH, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, PCT/US2009/002547 EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, (22) International Filing Date: HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, 24 April 2009 (24.04.2009) KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, (25) Filing Language: English NZ, OM, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, (26) Publication Language: English SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: 61/125,908 29 April 2008 (29.04.2008) US (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): MON¬ GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, SANTO TECHNOLOGY, LLC [US/US]; 800 North ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, Lindbergh Boulevard, St. -
Beyond Microrna Â
Cancer Letters xxx (2013) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Cancer Letters journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/canlet Mini-review Beyond microRNA – Novel RNAs derived from small non-coding RNA and their implication in cancer ⇑ Elena S. Martens-Uzunova , Michael Olvedy, Guido Jenster Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands article info abstract Article history: Over the recent years, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies targeting the microRNA transcrip- Available online xxxx tome revealed the existence of many different RNA fragments derived from small RNA species other than microRNA. Although initially discarded as RNA turnover artifacts, accumulating evidence suggests that Keywords: RNA fragments derived from small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) are not just random snoRNA-derived RNA (sdRNA) degradation products but rather stable entities, which may have functional activity in the normal and tRNA fragment (tRF) malignant cell. Next generation sequencing This review summarizes new findings describing the detection and alterations in expression of Cancer snoRNA-derived (sdRNA) and tRNA-derived (tRF) RNAs. We focus on the possible interactions of sdRNAs microRNA Non-coding RNA and tRFs with the canonical microRNA pathways in the cell and present current hypotheses on the func- tion of these RNAs. Ó 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Alongside with miRNA, other types of small regulatory ncRNAs like exogenous and endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs Within less than a decade since the sequencing of the human and endo-siRNAs) [6–8] and PiWi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) [9] genome it became clear that over ninety percent of our genes en- are also involved in gene regulation and genome defense and share code for RNA transcripts that never get translated to protein. -
Interference Interfering RNA-Mediated RNA Inhibition Of
Inhibition of HIV-1 Infection by Small Interfering RNA-Mediated RNA Interference John Capodici, Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman This information is current as J Immunol 2002; 169:5196-5201; ; of September 29, 2021. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.9.5196 http://www.jimmunol.org/content/169/9/5196 Downloaded from References This article cites 27 articles, 9 of which you can access for free at: http://www.jimmunol.org/content/169/9/5196.full#ref-list-1 Why The JI? Submit online. http://www.jimmunol.org/ • Rapid Reviews! 30 days* from submission to initial decision • No Triage! Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists • Fast Publication! 4 weeks from acceptance to publication *average by guest on September 29, 2021 Subscription Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription Permissions Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html Email Alerts Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts The Journal of Immunology is published twice each month by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 2002 by The American Association of Immunologists All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. The Journal of Immunology Inhibition of HIV-1 Infection by Small Interfering RNA-Mediated RNA Interference1 John Capodici,* Katalin Kariko´,† and Drew Weissman2* RNA interference (RNAi) is an ancient antiviral response that processes dsRNA and associates it into a nuclease complex that identifies RNA with sequence homology and specifically cleaves it. -
Dan Graur Department of Biology & Biochemistry University Of
Down with ncRNA! Long live fRNA and jRNA! Dan Graur Department of Biology & Biochemistry University of Houston Science & Research Building 2 3455 Cullen Blvd. Suite #342 Houston, TX 77204-5001 Voice: 713-743-7236 Fax: 713-743-2636 Email: [email protected] 1 Abstract Noncoding RNA (ncRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) are scientifically invalid terms because they define molecular entities according to properties they do not possess and functions they do not perform. Here, I suggest retiring these two terms. Instead, I suggest using an evolutionary classification of genomic function, in which every RNA molecule is classified as either “functional” or “junk” according to its selected effect function. Dealing with RNA molecules whose functional status is unknown require us to phrase Popperian nomenclatures that spell out the conditions for their own refutation. Thus, in the absence of falsifying evidence, RNA molecules of unknown function must be considered junk RNA (jRNA). 2 Negative descriptions in biology are generally considered invalid. That is, biological entities cannot be solely defined by what they do not possess or do not do. Hence, for instance, the taxon Pisces (fishes) has been deemed scientifically invalid even before its monophyletic status was refuted, because the definition of Pisces involved a single negative character state—the lack of limbs with digits. The same principles should apply to the taxonomy of molecular entities. In the scientific literature, the modifiers “non-coding,” “noncoding,” and “nc” are widely used as prefixes for “DNA” and “RNA.” As of September 1, 2017, these terms appear more than 45,000 times in Google Scholar. -
Exportin-5 Mediates the Nuclear Export of Pre-Micrornas and Short Hairpin Rnas
Downloaded from genesdev.cshlp.org on October 5, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press RESEARCH COMMUNICATION Exportin-5 mediates the miRNA biogenesis is the nuclear excision of the upper part of this RNA hairpin to give the ∼65-nt pre-miRNA nuclear export of intermediate (Lee et al. 2002; Zeng and Cullen 2003). pre-microRNAs and short This processing step is performed by human RNAse III, also called ‘Drosha’ (Lee et al. 2003). The pre-miRNA hairpin RNAs intermediate, which in the case of human miR-30 con- sists of a 63-nt hairpin bearing a 2-nt 3Ј overhang, is then 2 3 3 Rui Yi, Yi Qin, Ian G. Macara, and exported to the cytoplasm by a currently unknown Bryan R. Cullen1,2,4 mechanism. Once there, the pre-miRNA is processed by a second RNAse III family member called ‘Dicer’ to give 1 2 Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of the mature ∼22-nt miRNA (Grishok et al. 2001; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Hutvágner et al. 2001; Ketting et al. 2001). The miRNA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA; is then incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing 3 Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, complex (RISC), where it functions to guide RISC to ap- Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA propriate mRNA targets (Hammond et al. 2000; Martinez et al. 2002; Mourelatos et al. 2002; Schwarz et al. 2002). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are initially expressed as long In addition to miRNAs, cells can also generate similar ∼ transcripts that are processed in the nucleus to yield 65- ∼22-nt noncoding RNAs called small interfering RNAs nucleotide (nt) RNA hairpin intermediates, termed pre- (siRNA), by Dicer processing of long double-stranded miRNAs, that are exported to the cytoplasm for addi- RNAs (dsRNAs; Zamore et al. -
Health Considerations Regarding Horizontal Transfer of Microbial Transgenes Present in Genetically Modified Crops
Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology • 2005:4 (2005) 326–352 • DOI: 10.1155/JBB.2005.326 RESEARCH ARTICLE Health Considerations Regarding Horizontal Transfer of Microbial Transgenes Present in Genetically Modified Crops Gijs A. Kleter, Ad A. C. M. Peijnenburg, and Henk J. M. Aarts RIKILT, Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Center, PO Box 230, 6700AE Wageningen, The Netherlands Received 18 October 2004; revised 30 May 2005; accepted 1 June 2005 The potential effects of horizontal gene transfer on human health are an important item in the safety assessment of genetically mod- ified organisms. Horizontal gene transfer from genetically modified crops to gut microflora most likely occurs with transgenes of microbial origin. The characteristics of microbial transgenes other than antibiotic-resistance genes in market-approved genetically modified crops are reviewed. These characteristics include the microbial source, natural function, function in genetically modified crops, natural prevalence, geographical distribution, similarity to other microbial genes, known horizontal transfer activity, selective conditions and environments for horizontally transferred genes, and potential contribution to pathogenicity and virulence in hu- mans and animals. The assessment of this set of data for each of the microbial genes reviewed does not give rise to health concerns. We recommend including the above-mentioned items into the premarket safety assessment of genetically modified crops carrying transgenes other than those reviewed in the present study. INTRODUCTION the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Devel- The cultivation of genetically modified (GM) crops opment (OECD) and International Life Sciences Institute has rapidly increased since their large-scale commercial (ILSI) have initiated this harmonisation. -
RNA Drugs and RNA Targets for Small Molecules: Principles, Progress, and Challenges
1521-0081/72/4/862–898$35.00 https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.120.019554 PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS Pharmacol Rev 72:862–898, October 2020 Copyright © 2020 by The Author(s) This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC Attribution 4.0 International license. ASSOCIATE EDITOR: RHIAN M. TOUYZ RNA Drugs and RNA Targets for Small Molecules: Principles, Progress, and Challenges Ai-Ming Yu, Young Hee Choi, and Mei-Juan Tu Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California (A.-M.Y., Y.H.C., M.-J.T.) and College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, Gyonggi-do, Republic of Korea (Y.H.C.) Abstract. ....................................................................................863 Significance Statement ......................................................................863 I. Introduction. ..............................................................................863 II. Classification and General Features of RNA-Based Therapeutics .............................864 III. RNAs as Therapeutic Drugs .................................................................865 A. The Rise and Promise of RNA Therapeutics ..............................................865 B. Types of RNA Drugs and Mechanisms of Action ..........................................866 1. Antisense Oligonucleotides ...........................................................866 Downloaded from 2. Small Interfering RNAs . ............................................................868 -
Title Organization and Regulation of Genes Involved in Nitrile Metabolism in Rhodococcus Rhodochrous J1( Dissertation 全
Organization and Regulation of Genes Involved in Nitrile Title Metabolism in Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1( Dissertation_全 文 ) Author(s) Komeda, Hidenobu Citation 京都大学 Issue Date 1996-05-23 URL https://doi.org/10.11501/3112279 Right Type Thesis or Dissertation Textversion author Kyoto University Organization and Regulation of Genes Involved in Nitrile Metabolism in Rhodococcus rhodochrous 1 l Hidenobu Komeda 1996 CONTENTS I~ J RO DUCTIO'\ CII APTER I Anal)sis of H igh Molecular-:\-1as ... "-ilrile H)dratase (H-'-lHase) Gen e Cluster Scctton I Re~ulatol) genes for the exprc,ston ol catal~tically active 11-!\Hase SectiOn 2 lno;crtion 'cqucnce IS/ /64 in the H-'\Ha... e gene cluster 15 CHAPTER II Analysis of Low Molecular-Mass Mtrile H) dratase (L-NHase) Gene C lust er Secuon I CX·currenc~ of amidase<> in Rhodococc u.\ rhodochrow J I ..,,... _ Sc<.:lion 2 Amtdase coupled with L-N H a~e: Sequenctng and cxprc,ston of the gene and purification and charactcntAtion or the gene product 26 Section 1 Rcgulatol) genes required for the amtdc dependent induction of L-1\iHasc Section4 Cobalt tram.porter linked 10 L NH a:.e 60 CIIAPTER Ill Genetic Ana l)sis of Nitrilase Secuon I Sequencing and o'erexpression of the nitrilasc gene (mt\) and identification of an essential cysteine residue 73 SectiOn 2 Transcripllonal regulation of meA CON CLUSION 97 RFI< ERENCES 101 ACKNOWLF.I)G EME NTS 107 PUBLIC ATIONS 10~ 1!\TRODUCTIO" ABBRE\'IATIOt'l.~ bp Base pair(s) N1tnlc compounds containing a cyano function.al group such as cyanoglycosidcs.