Minnesota Legislative Report Card on Racial Equity

JERMAINE TONEY ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT

MINNESOTA LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY

2007

ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | A TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION—Racial Equity in Minnesota ...... 1 2007 RACIAL EQUITY LEGISLATION ...... 9

BILLS Education Equity ...... 12 Economic and Wealth Equity ...... 17 Civil Rights and Criminal Justice ...... 20 Health Equity ...... 25 American Indian Tribal Sovereignty ...... 28 Legislating Institutional Racism ...... 33

REPORTING ON THE GOVERNOR ...... 36

LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD Summary of the 2007 Report Card on Racial Equity ...... 40 House Report Card ...... 44 Senate Report Card ...... 52

REFERENCES ...... 56

ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT

The Organizing Apprenticeship Project works to advance racial, cultural, social and economic justice in Minnesota through organizer and leadership training, policy research and strategic convening work.

B | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY Racial Equity in Minnesota

A little over a year ago, the Organizing Apprenticeship Project and partners released the ﬁrst ever Minnesota Legislative Report Card on Racial Equity that looked at the state legislature’s and governor’s support for state policies that strengthen racial equity, opportunity and American Indian tribal sovereignty. Since that time, over 1,200 Minnesotans—legislative leaders, communities of color, American Indian communities, business leaders, youth, researchers and educators—have been briefed on last year’s report card. !ese individuals and groups have all struggled with taking public leadership on issues of race.

As a community, we are facing tough questions. What do Minnesota’s documented and stark racial disparities in such important indicators as health, economic status and education say about us, our values and our institutions? What do our state’s demographic changes mean for not just Minnesotans of color who will represent 22.5 percent of the population in 2030 but for all of us?1 What would it mean to hold ourselves accountable to promoting equity and opportunity as a core value, an imperative and a real possibility for Minnesota?

!is report documents the progress our state legislature and governor have made during the 2007 session toward closing disparities and increasing equity for all Minnesotans.

ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 1 RACIAL FAULT LINE IN MINNESOTA

!ere is a growing racial fault line running through our state—a fault line that is undermining our future. Minnesota leads the nation in key quality-of- life indicators. Taken as a whole, we are one of the healthiest, wealthiest and best educated. At the same time, there are growing disparities between whites and Minnesotans of color, racial disparities that in some cases are among the worst in the nation.

t "MUIPVHIQFSDFOUPGXIJUFTUVEFOUTHSBEVBUFGSPNIJHITDIPPM POMZUISFF fourths (71 percent) of Blacks, nearly two-thirds (66 percent) of American Indians and Latinos graduate.28IJMFQFSDFOUPG"TJBO1BDJGJD*TMBOEFST HSBEVBUF POMZQFSDFOUPG)NPOHBEVMUTJOUIF5XJO$JUJFTQPTTFTTBIJHI school diploma.3 t 8IJMFPOMZQFSDFOUPGXIJUFTMBDLIFBMUIJOTVSBODF -BUJOPTIBWFBO VOJOTVSBODFSBUFUIBUJTOFBSMZTJYUJNFTIJHIFS QFSDFOU #MBDLTUXPUJNFT IJHIFS QFSDFOU BOEQFSDFOUPG"NFSJDBO*OEJBOTBOEQFSDFOUPG Asian-Pacific Islanders are uninsured. t .PSFUIBOPOFUIJSEPG.JOOFTPUBT#MBDLDIJMESFOBSFSBJTFEJOQPWFSUZ percent of Latino and American Indian children, 13 percent of Asian-Pacific *TMBOEFSDIJMESFO ZFUPOMZQFSDFOUPGXIJUFDIJMESFOGBDFQPWFSUZ5 t "OE JOBEJTQBSJUZUIBUTFWFSFMZJNQBDUTUIFMJGFDIBODFTPGDPNNVOJUJFTPGDPMPS but is not even noted as a standard-of-living indicator for whites—Blacks are arrested at a rate 817 percent higher than whites, yet their reported overall drug use is at a rate 66 percent higher than whites (largely due to usage of marijuana). What is more, Blacks comprise roughly one-third (31.7 percent) of the prison QPQVMBUJPOZFUUIFZNBLFVQPOMZQFSDFOUPGUIFTUBUFTQPQVMBUJPO6

!ese disparities are not accidents of individual behavior. !ey are grounded in our history, in our public decisions and institutions. !e wealth and prosperity in Minnesota today grew from a strong progressive tradition that worked to create bridges to opportunity for many of us, no matter how poor our parents or grandparents once were. Our historic public investments in economic and workforce development, in our education system, in health care helped make us one of the most prosperous states in the country, and helped generations of white immigrants move from poverty to wealth. !ey did not, however, create the same bridge to opportunity for Minnesotans of color BOE"NFSJDBO*OEJBOTJOPVSTUBUF$PNNVOJUJFTPGDPMPSXFSFPGUFOFYDMVEFE CZQPMJDZ and practice, intentionally and unintentionally, from access to the good life.

2 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY ELEVEN COUNTIES HAVE GROWN BY MORE THAN 58 PERCENT IN PEOPLE OF COLOR, 2000–2006

Highest Change Highest Proportion Counties with the highest Counties with the highest percent change in people of proportion of people of color, color, 2000–2006.

Total population in 2006: 5,363,238

Total number of people of color: 747,625

Percent of people of color of the state population: 13.94%

t#MBDLT t-BUJOPT t"TJBO1BDJmD*TMBOEFST t"NFSJDBO*OEJBOT t.VMUJSBDJBM

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006.

ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 3 Today, as Minnesota becomes more racially diverse, our investment in institutions and policies that promote equity and opportunity for all has declined, eroding our values, our sense of the common good and our future prosperity.

RACE AND DISMANTLING THE INFRASTRUCTURE *OTFQBSBUFTUVEJFTPGUIF5XJO$JUJFTNFUSPQPMJUBOSFHJPOBOEUIF.JEXFTUBTBXIPMF the Brookings Institution points out that racial disparities and the failure to consider key long-term infrastructure needs like education, economic and workforce development and health care will ultimately undermine future economic growth.7 Racial equity and investments in the infrastructure are directly related. In other words, we have to make strategic race-conscious investments in the current infrastructure to have continued wealth “Without commitment and prosperity. to racial justice goals, Lately, we have all wrestled with the consequences of the decline in public investment in libraries, public schools, transit and bridges—all universally known to promote state spending will not PQQPSUVOJUZBOEFDPOPNJDHSPXUI)PXFWFS XIBUJTSBSFMZUBMLFEBCPVUPSMPPLFEBUJT only fail to strengthen the link between that public investment and changing demographics. Whether intended or not, the decline in public investment in equity and opportunity the institutions that is directly aligned with the rise in racial diversity in the state. !is is not unique to us. we all need for shared Nationally, economists and social scientists have documented a strong relationship between diversifying communities and shifts in public spending. Simply put, “as diversity prosperity. !ey will also rises, public spending falls—of all types, including education, health care, roads or welfare fail to anticipate unequal programs.”85BLJOHBMPPLBUTUBUFCVEHFUTFOBDUFEGSPNmTDBMZFBSUP here is how this trend is playing out in Minnesota: outcomes and actually t #FUXFFO TUVEFOUTPGDPMPSSFBDIFEQFSDFOUPGUIF,QPQVMBUJPO reinforce the racial BOECFUXFFO UIFZBSFQSPKFDUFEUPTVSQBTTPOFGPVSUIPGUIF, population. At the same time, per pupil spending increased from $3,205 to fault line.” #VUUIJTJODSFBTFIJEFTUIFGBDUUIBUUIFTUBUFTDPNNJUNFOUUPGVOEJOH education declined while requirements for public schools expanded. According UPUIF.JOOFTPUB%FQBSUNFOUPG'JOBODF CFUXFFOBOE TUBUF TQFOEJOHGPSFEVDBUJPOJODSFBTFECZQFSDFOU ZFUCFUXFFOBOE state spending is projected to increase by only 12 percent.10 Some of those requirements are testing, unfunded mandates like special education, increased standards and transportation.11 In other words, as the proportion of students of color increases, the state’s commitment to funding Minnesota’s schools is decreasing. t #FUXFFOBOE GVOEJOHGPSFDPOPNJDBOEXPSLGPSDFEFWFMPQNFOU JODSFBTFECZQFSDFOUCFUXFFOBOE JUXJMMJODSFBTFCZNFSFMZGJWF percent.12 t #FUXFFOBOE TQFOEJOHGPSIFBMUIDBSFJODSFBTFECZQFSDFOU CFUXFFOBOE JUJTQSPKFDUFEUPJODSFBTFCZPOMZQFSDFOU13 t 5IFSFJTPOFFYDFQUJPO1VCMJDTQFOEJOHGPSQVCMJDTBGFUZBOEDPSSFDUJPOTNBZ OPUHPEPXO#FUXFFOBOE TQFOEJOHJODSFBTFTJOQVCMJDTBGFUZ and corrections will actually outpace education by 15 percent and economic development by 22 percent. This is not an investment in a smart, sustainable and equitable common good. It hurts us all, particularly communities of color and American Indian communities.

4 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY Undermining public investment in education, workforce development and health care is a sign that our infrastructure is being dismantled, which means that our future prosperity is at stake. We are failing to defend and expand the good life for all of our DPNNVOJUJFT QBSUJDVMBSMZPVSHSPXJOHDPNNVOJUJFTPGDPMPS$MFBSMZ XJUIPVUFYQMJDJU attention and commitment to racial equity, state spending will not only fail to strengthen the institutions that we all need for shared prosperity. !ey will also fail to anticipate unequal outcomes and actually reinforce the racial fault line. Given Minnesota’s values, history, resources and reputation as a leader in work for building bridges to opportunity we are well positioned to lead and shape equitable institutions and policies. Yet to realize this vision, racial justice has to be at our core. We have to make racial equity a top state priority. Our leaders and institutions have to step up, act and be held accountable for investing in and strengthening the infrastructure, forwarding policies that promote equity and opportunity in our state. 2007 REPORT HIGHLIGHTS

STATE LEGISLATURE RECEIVED A ‘D’ !e state legislature received a D in the ﬁrst year of the 2007–2008 biennium. !irteen of the 21 bills that were considered for this report became law; this gives the state legislature an overall score of 62 percent. Economic equity and American Indian tribal sovereignty CJMMTIBEUIFHSFBUFTUTVQQPSU QFSDFOU SFTQFDUGVMMZ4JYUZTFWFOQFSDFOU PG IFBMUIFRVJUZCJMMTNBEFJUJOUPMBX'PSUZQFSDFOU PGFEVDBUJPOFRVJUZCJMMTQBTTFE )PXFWFS POMZQFSDFOU PGUIFDJWJMSJHIUTBOEDSJNJOBMKVTUJDFCJMMTQBTTFE

MARKED IMPROVEMENT FROM LAST YEAR’S REPORT Despite the state legislature’s overall poor grade, there has been marked improvement from last year’s report. More legislators led in sponsoring racial equity legislation. Last year there were ﬁve champions for racial equity, this year there are eight. Last year, there were 26 legislators on the honor roll that cut across party, geographic and racial lines; this year there are 65 legislators. !ere was also improvement in most issue areas. One hundred percent of American Indian tribal sovereignty bills we considered were passed into law, DPNQBSFEUPQFSDFOUJO)FBMUIFRVJUZCJMMQBTTSBUFTSPTFGSPNUP percent and criminal justice bill pass rates from 0 to 25 percent. !ese are clear signs of progress towards improving racial equity and opportunity.

CHAMPIONS FOR RACIAL EQUITY &JHIUDIBNQJPOTGPSSBDJBMFRVJUZCJMMT-FHJTMBUPSTXJUI"TXFSF)PVTF3FQ+PIO8BSE %#SBJOFSE 3FQ.JOEZ(SFJMJOH %3PTFWJMMF 3FQ$BSMPT.BSJBOJ %4U1BVM 3FQ ,BSFO$MBSL %.JOOFBQPMJT BOE3FQ/FWB8BMLFS %.JOOFBQPMJT 4FOBUPSTJODMVEFE +PIO.BSUZ %3PTFWJMMF .FF.PVB %4U1BVM 4BOEZ1BQQBT %4U1BVM

THE GOVERNOR RECEIVED A ‘D’ As the state’s highest elected oﬃcial, Gov. Tim Pawlenty must be held accountable for using his power over the purse strings and legislation to invest in institutions that play a role in promoting equity and opportunity. And if the state legislature has a poor grade, he must also get a poor grade. Despite signing many racial equity bills once they reached his

ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 5 desk, the governor has neglected to prepare Minnesota for an equitable multiracial future. Whether intended or not, the governor has reinforced the shrinkage of public funds and dismantling of core institutions in the face of unprecedented growth in communities of color. What’s more, the governor has threatened to veto or vetoed education and civil rights bills that would have strongly beneﬁted communities of color. If these bills were enacted the state legislature would have had a better grade.

HIGHER THE RACIAL COMPOSITION, STRONGER SUPPORT FOR RACIAL EQUITY Districts with the highest percent of constituents of color show strongest support for racial equity bills. People of color are the majority in nine legislative districts. Top leaders JOUIFTFEJTUSJDUTXFSF3FQSFTFOUBUJWFT,BSFO$MBSL %.JOOFBQPMJT BOE/FWB8BMLFS %.JOOFBQPMJT BOE4FOBUPST4BOEZ1BQQBT %4U1BVM BOE-JOEB)JHHJOT % Minneapolis).

LOWER THE RACIAL COMPOSITION, STRONG SUPPORT FOR RACIAL EQUITY Districts with white majorities show support for racial equity bills. !irty legislators that BSFJOEJTUSJDUTXJUIXIJUFNBKPSJUJFTSFDFJWFEBHSBEFPG$PSIJHIFS5PQMFBEFSTXFSF 3FQSFTFOUBUJWFT4DPUU,SBO[ %#MBJOF BOE/PSB4MBXJL %.BQMFXPPE BOE4FOBUPST 4BUWFFS$IBVEIBSZ %'SJEMFZ 5POZ-PVSFZ %,FSSJDL BOE+PIO.BSUZ %3PTFWJMMF

HONOR ROLL—LEGISLATORS THAT RECEIVED A’S AND B’S. 4FOBUF4BUWFFS$IBVEIBSZ %'SJEMFZ -JOEB#FSHMJO %.JOOFBQPMJT 5POZ-PVSFZ %,FSSJDL 4UFWF%JMMF 3%BTTFM -JOEB)JHHJOT %.JOOFBQPMJT +PIO.BSUZ %3PTFWJMMF .FF.PVB %4U1BVM 4BOEZ1BQQBT %4U1BVM 1BUSJDJB5PSSFT3BZ %.JOOFBQPMJT )PVTF,BSFO$MBSL %.JOOFBQPMJT +JN%BWOJF %.JOOFBQPMJT "VHVTUJOFi8JMMJFw %PNJORVF[ %.JOOFBQPMJT .JOEZ(SFJMJOH %3PTFWJMMF 4IFMEPO+PIOTPO %4U1BVM 1IZMMJT,BIO %.JOOFBQPMJT 4DPUU,SBO[ %#MBJOF $BSMPT.BSJBOJ %4U1BVM 'SBOL.PF %#FNJEKJ &SJO.VSQIZ %4U1BVM /PSB4MBXJL %.BQMFXPPE -JOEB4MPDVN %3JDImFME /FWB8BMLFS %.JOOFBQPMJT +PIO8BSE %#SBJOFSE

HONORABLE MENTION—LEGISLATORS THAT RECEIVED C’S. Senate: Ellen Anderson %4U1BVM %PO#FU[PME %'SJEMFZ 4IBSPO&SJDLTPO3PQFT %8JOPOB .JDIBFM+VOHCBVFS 3&BTU#FUIFM 1BVM,PFSJOH 3'PSU3JQMFZ %BO-BSTPO %#MPPNJOHUPO "OO-ZODI %3PDIFTUFS +BNFT.FU[FO %4PVUI4U1BVM (FPGG.JDIFM 3&EJOB 5IPNBT/FVWJMMF 3/PSUImFME .BSZ0MTPO %#FMUSBNJ$PVOUZ +VMJBOOF0SUNBO 3$IBOIBTTFO :WPOOF 1SFUUOFS4PMPO %%VMVUI +VMJF3PTFO 3'BJSNPOU 4BOEZ3VNNFM %8IJUF#FBS-BLF -JOEB4DIFJE %#SPPLMZO1BSL %BO4LPHFO %)FXJUU %BO4QBSLT %"VTUJO +JN 7JDLFSNBO %5SBDZ )PVTF+JN"CFMFS 3"OPLB %BWJE#MZ %/PSUImFME 3PCJO#SPXO %"MCFSU-FB ,FOU&LFO %5XJO7BMMFZ 1BUUJ'SJU[ %'BSJCBVMU 3JDL)BOTFO %4PVUI 4U1BVM #VE)FJEHFSLFO 3'SFFQPSU #JMM)JMUZ %'JOMBZTPO 'SBOL)PSOTUFJO %.JOOFBQPMJT -BSSZ)PTDI %4U+PTFQI -BSSZ)PXFT 38BMLFS "M+VIOLF %8JMMNBS +PIO-FTDI %4U1BVM 5JN.BIPOFZ %4U1BVM 5FSSZ.PSSPX %4U1FUFS ,JN/PSUPO %3PDIFTUFS %FOOJT0[NFOU 33PTFNPVOU .JDIBFM1BZNBS %4U1BVM 5PN3VLBWJOB %7JSHJOJB #SJUB4BJMFS %1BSL3BQJET 4UFWF4JNPO %4U-PVJT1BSL 1BVM5IJTTFO %.JOOFBQPMJT ,FO5TDIVNQFS %-B$SFTDFOU

6 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY GOALS OF THE REPORT ɨF.JOOFTPUB-FHJTMBUJWF3FQPSU$BSEPO3BDJBM&RVJUZIBTBOVNCFSPGHPBMT'JSTU the report serves as an annual tool for holding the state legislature accountable for public policies that have clear positive outcomes for communities of color and American Indian communities. Second, the report spurs legislative action that addresses institutional racism and makes racial equity visible in the policy-making arena. !ird, the report provides a springboard for action in the larger community. We will work with legislative and community leaders in every sector to make clear the impact of their work on communities !is report spurs of color and to hold them accountable to equitable outcomes. legislative action that METHODOLOGY addresses institutional racism and makes racial To track the performance of the state legislature and governor on supporting racial equity, 21 bills were selected that, if passed, would advance racial equity and eliminate racial equity visible in the disparities in the state. Fourteen of these bills reached the governor’s desk. Eight of the policy-making arena. twenty-one bills died at the state legislature and were labeled missed opportunities. !ree methods were developed to select and analyze racial equity legislation: (1) Interviews were conducted with leaders and organizations that promote racial and economic equity to understand their experience and gain input on selecting legislation; (2) criteria for selecting legislation were developed, the legislation had to meet one or more of the following criteria: t'PDVTFTPOSFEVDJOHSBDJBMEJTQBSJUJFT t&YQBOETBDDFTTUPJOTUJUVUJPOTBOEQVCMJDCFOFGJUTGPSDPNNVOJUJFTPGDPMPS t"EWBODFTFOGSBODIJTFNFOUGPSDPNNVOJUJFTPGDPMPS t1SPUFDUTBHBJOTUEJTDSJNJOBUJPO SBDJBMWJPMFODFBOESBDJBMQSPGJMJOH t1SFTFSWFTBOETUSFOHUIFOT"NFSJDBO*OEJBOUSJCBMTPWFSFJHOUZ t*TBEFRVBUFMZGVOEFEBOE t*TFOGPSDFBCMFXJUINFDIBOJTNTJOQMBDFUPNPOJUPSSBDJBMKVTUJDFPVUDPNFT (3) !e potential impact on communities of color and American Indian communities was estimated by reviewing and analyzing quantitative and qualitative sources. Major data sources used were testimonies from interviews, ﬁscal notes on policies prepared by the Minnesota Department of Finance. Public policy analysts of governmental and nonproﬁt organizations of issue areas were also consulted.

ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 7 PRINCIPLES FOR RACIAL AND CULTURAL EQUITY

!e Organizing Apprenticeship Project has adopted these principles, which guide our work to reduce racial disparities in education, income, wealth, FNQMPZNFOU IFBMUIBOEDSJNJOBMKVTUJDF)FSFBSF the elements:

FOCUS ON RACIAL EQUITY OUTCOMES As the population of people of color continues to expand, Minnesota has to adopt a proactive racial equity agenda to match the growing concerns of Minnesotans of color. To uphold this agenda, public policy has to be formulated and enforced to ensure that racial inequities are eliminated.

UPHOLD EQUITY, ENFRANCHISEMENT AND ECONOMIC JUSTICE Minnesotans of color should have rights to civic engagement and access to institutions and public beneﬁts such as education, employment, housing, health care, and voting rights to have meaningful participation in society. Attributes of people of color such as culture, language, immigration status, income, and criminal history should not be grounds for discrimination.

INVEST IN OPPORTUNITY AND ADVANCEMENT Public, nonproﬁt and private institutions of Minnesota have to invest in improving education, expanding access to public services, strengthening workforce, spurring community development to build stronger social and economic returns for Minnesotans of color and Minnesota in general.

STRENGTHEN PROTECTIONS AGAINST DISCRIMINATION, RACIAL VIOLENCE, RACIAL PROFILING Long before and since “September 11th,” communities of color have been subject to hate crimes and public policies that widen racial disparities in the criminal justice system JFSBDJBMQSPmMJOH BOEUIF,FEVDBUJPOTZTUFN JF[FSPUPMFSBODF CVEHFUDVUT Minnesota has to build on and enforce policies to end discrimination based on race, ethnicity or immigration status.

RECOGNIZE AND HARVEST THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF RACIAL AND CULTURAL COMMUNITIES For too long, cultural communities have been denied access to their heritage culture, rendered statistically insigniﬁcant and absent in policy designs. !ese are expressions of structural and institutional racism, placing all students, particularly these communities at a further disadvantage in opportunities and outcomes. Minnesota must design policies that build upon the languages, values, cultural history and end racial and cultural inequities.

8 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY SUMMARY: RACIAL EQUITY LEGISLATION THAT REACHED THE GOVERNOR’S DESK IN 2007

EDUCATION EQUITY SF 686/Torres Ray (D-Minneapolis), Rooting Child Care in Cultural Context: &TUBCMJTIFTBHSBOUQSPHSBNUISPVHIUIF.JOOFTPUB%FQBSUNFOUPG)VNBO4FSWJDFTUP support tribal governments, nonproﬁts and libraries in culturally grounded training to boost activities in early reading, health and school readiness. ✔ Signed by the Governor (HF 1078, Sec. 62)

HF 981/Brown (D-Albert Lea), Boosting Funding for Special Education: Increases funding for special education-representing the largest increase in funding for education. ✔Signed by the Governor (Chapter 146, Article 3, Section 14 and 18)

ECONOMIC EQUITY

SF 809/Higgins (D-Minneapolis), Preventing Racial Predatory Mortgage Lending: Bans a mortgage lender or broker from originating a loan without accounting for the best interest of the borrower. ✔ Signed by the Governor

HF 643/Hansen (D-South St. Paul), Strengthening Labor Rights of Meatpacking Workers: Lays out principles for rights of packinghouse workers and authorizes the creation of an ombudsman to the meatpacking industry. ✔Signed by the Governor (HF 122)

HF 1078/Berglin (D-Minneapolis), Expanding Access to Child Care Assistance: Lowers the eligibility for co-payments and lowers the co-payment rate for low income families. ✔Signed by the Governor

SF1196/Michael Jungbauer (R-East Bethel), Manufactured Home Park Trust Fund: Authorizes the creation of a trust fund for manufactured homeowners who become dislocated. ✔Signed by Governor (Chapter 141)

ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 9 CIVIL RIGHTS AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE

HF 1380/Dominguez (D-Minneapolis), Expanding Opportunities for Those Arrested but Not Convicted: .BOEBUFTUIF$SJNJOBM+VTUJDF+VWFOJMF*OGPSNBUJPO1PMJDZ(SPVQUPFYBNJOFJTTVFT surrounding sealing arrest records for those who were arrested but not convicted. ✔ Signed by Governor (SF 1992, Art. 1, Sec 8 and Art. 2, Sec. 12-13)

SF 1297/Larson (D-Bloomington), Reducing Structural Barriers to Voting: Would have required those who renew or complete an application for a driver’s license or state identiﬁcation card in Minnesota to be automatically registered to vote. ✘ Vetoed by the Governor (Chapter 56, SF 1997)

HEALTH EQUITY

SF 15/Prettner Solon (D-Duluth), Health Insurance for All Children: Guarantees insurance access to 35,000 children. ✔ Signed by the Governor (HF 1078, Art 12, Sec 6 & 4)

HF 196/Greiling (D-Roseville), Improving Mental Health of Kids: Establishes mental health grants to allow counties, American Indian tribes, and mental health service providers to focus on prevention. ✔ Signed by the Governor (HF 196, Art. 8, Sec. 8)

AMERICAN INDIAN TRIBAL SOVEREIGNTY SF 1048/Lourey (D-Kerrick), Restructuring Membership on Indian Affairs Council: Allows elected chairpersons of the tribal governments to designate one other member to have voting power on the council. ✔ Signed by the Governor (Chapter 130)

HF 2008/Clark (D-Minneapolis), Promoting American Indian Cultural Contributions: Establishes the creation of a statewide task force to create a study on Indian education, and creates a state requirement that American Indian cultural and historical content become integral to state standards in public education. ✔ Signed by the Governor

10 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY SF 1925/Vickerman (D-Tracy), Building Infrastructure for Tribal Service Veterans: Provides funding for the creation of Tribal Veteran Service Officers (TVSO), a new section of the Minnesota Department of Veteran Affairs. ✔ Signed by the Governor (HF 2227, Omnibus Agricultural and Veterans Affairs Appropriations)

HF 1663/Moe (D-Bemidji), Protecting Wild Rice from Terminator Seeds: Specifies that all entities that desire to cultivate genetically engineered wild rice in Minnesota have to file an environmental impact statement. Mandates the Environmental Quality Board to study the negative affects of genetic alteration on wild rice and inform tribal governments of permission granted in other states to grow genetically engineered wild rice. ✔ Signed by the Governor (SF 2096)

ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 11 EDUCATION EQUITY

Minnesota’s student population is becoming increasingly diverse. Between 2001 and 2006, the number of students of color in Minnesota increased CZQFSDFOU 15 and now comprise nearly one-fourth PGUIF,QPQVMBUJPO16 !e strongest growth has occurred in school districts in greater Minnesota.17 As the school population changes, eliminating unequal treatment in school discipline and disparate outcomes in educational attainment have to become top educational policy priorities.18 !ese disparities are rooted in education systems and policies that limit the academic development and success of students of color. Solutions to these disparities are within reach. We must ﬁrst start to recognize and honor the assets of students of color and cultural communities in Minnesota. !en we must prioritize policies that allow all students to reach their full potential and that facilitate equitable outcomes.

EDUCATION EQUITY LEGISLATION

HF 796/ E. Murphy (D-St. Paul), SF 686/Torres Ray (D-Minneapolis) ROOTING CHILD CARE IN CULTURAL CONTEXT As Minnesota’s student population becomes more diverse, it is critical that educators understand the language and cultural issues when looking at a child’s assessment for school readiness. !e Family, Friend and Neighbor (FFN) system is the most popular form of child care in Minnesota, particularly for nonwhite racial and cultural communities. !ese communities have used the FFN to transfer languages, cultural USBEJUJPOTBOEWBMVFTUPUIFJSDIJMESFO)'BQQSPQSJBUFT POFUJNF GVOEJOH UPFTUBCMJTIBHSBOUQSPHSBNUISPVHIUIF.JOOFTPUB%FQBSUNFOUPG)VNBO Services to support tribal governments, nonproﬁts and libraries in culturally grounded training to boost activities in early reading, health and school readiness.20 !is bill beneﬁts children of color and American Indian children who constitute nearly one-third (31 percent) of the FFN care program.21 ✔ Signed by the Governor (HF 1078, Sec. 62)

12 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 13 EDUCATION EQUITY LEGISLATION

HF 981/Brown (D-Albert Lea), SF 1230/Rummel (D-White Bear Lake) BOOSTING FUNDING FOR SPECIAL EDUCATION Federal and state government underfunding of special education places a heavy financial burden on local school districts.22 !e underfunding of this program is troubling when considering the racial dynamics. Black, American Indian and limited-English-proficiency Latino students are over-identified and represented in special education.23 Students of “I feel it is extremely DPMPSBSFQFSDFOUPGUIF,FOSPMMNFOUZFUBDDPVOUGPSPWFSQFSDFOUPGUIFTQFDJBM FEVDBUJPOQPQVMBUJPO)'QSPQPTFTUPJODSFBTFGVOEJOHGPSTQFDJBMFEVDBUJPOUP important to have a CJMMJPOPWFSUIFoTFTTJPOTSFQSFTFOUJOHUIFMBSHFTUJODSFBTFJOGVOEJOHGPS pool of teachers of color education. Despite this positive step forward, policymakers and educators must work to ensure that referrals to special education are a last resort, especially in suburban and rural coming out of our higher districts, where the demographics are shifting rapidly.25 Turning a blind eye towards racial education system. !ey tracking into special education could further disadvantage students of color and American Indian students. would provide for a ✔ Signed by the Governor (Chapter 146, Article 3, Section 14 and 18) bright future for all of our

students across this great MISSED OPPORTUNITIES state.” SF 653/Pappas (D-St. Paul), HF 722/Mariani (D-St. Paul) 3&13&4&/5"5*7&,*M NORTON %30$)&45&3 i IN-STATE TUITION FOR UNDOCUMENTED STUDENTS In Minnesota, a child may attend public schools starting in kindergarten and graduate high school, but still be ineligible for in-state tuition if they are from an undocumented family. SF 653 grants in-state tuition for those who graduate from a Minnesota state high school or gain the equivalent or attend a high school for at least three years. In addition, students who are not United States citizens or permanent residents must provide the college or university with a statement that upon eligibility, they will ﬁle to become a permanent resident. !is provision passed in both chambers and made it to the omnibus CJMMJOUIF$POGFSFODF$PNNJUUFFPO)JHIFS&EVDBUJPO)PXFWFS JUXBTSFNPWFEEVF to a threat of veto by the governor. As a concession to students who were organizing POUIJTJTTVFGPSNBOZZFBST UIFHPWFSOPSBOEUIF$POGFSFODF$PNNJUUFFPO)JHIFS Education agreed to eliminate out-of-state tuition in seven schools. !is deal will allow roughly 1,200 undocumented students of color per year to attend more state colleges and universities at the in-state tuition rate.26 ✘ Died in House Committee on Higher Education and Workforce Development Policy and Finance Division

HF 1198/Mariani (D-Minneapolis), SF 907/Torres Ray (D-Minneapolis) REMOVING THE TIME LIMIT ON LIMITED ENGLISH PROFICIENCY STUDENTS !e Limited English Proﬁciency (LEP) population has constantly grown. Between 2000 and 2005, the LEP population increased by 53 percent.27 LEP students, predominately immigrants of color, now account for 7.5 percent of the public school population. )PXFWFS DVSSFOUGVOEJOHGPS-&1TUVEFOUTIBTBSCJUSBSJMZTFUBmWFZFBSFMJHJCJMJUZUJNF

14 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY limit, regardless of student needs. Research indicates that it takes at least seven years for -&1TUVEFOUTUPCFDPNFi&OHMJTIVTFSTw)'MJGUTUIFUJNFMJNJUCZMPXFSJOHUIF GPSNVMBGPS-&1GVOEJOHGSPNUPQFSQVQJMɨJTCJMMXPVMEIBWFJODSFBTFE eligibility by 10,151 LEP students per year.28 Both bills were included in earlier drafts of PNOJCVTCJMM)'CVUXFSFESPQQFE ✘ Died in E-12 Education Finance Conference Committee

HF 1698/Norton (D-Rochester), SF 1856/Lynch (D-Rochester) INCREASING TEACHER DIVERSITY IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS 4UVEFOUTPGDPMPSBDDPVOUGPSQFSDFOUPGUIF,QPQVMBUJPOZFUUFBDIFSTPGDPMPS make up only 3 percent of the teacher population.)'FTUBCMJTIFTBMPBOQSPHSBN to recruit students of color to become teachers in public schools. For teachers to be eligible, they must be a resident of Minnesota, a junior or senior in a state certiﬁed teacher preparatory program, and commit to teaching in a school district wherein students of DPMPSBSFBUMFBTUQFSDFOUPGQPQVMBUJPOPSJOBEJTUSJDUXJUIBOBQQSPWFEEFTFHSFHBUJPO integration plan. !e Minnesota Department of Education will house and disperse the loans for the program. !is bill would have encouraged thousands of teachers of color to teach to an increasingly diverse student population in Minnesota.30 ✘ Died in House K-12 Finance Division and Senate Finance Committee

SCHOOL-TO-PRISON PIPELINE FOR STUDENTS OF COLOR

Out-of-school suspensions per 100 students. (Minnesota Statewide Trends: Road blocks to educational achievement For every 100 students overall, there were 4.0 out-of-school suspensions.) force students of color into the juvenile justice pipeline. Low graduation rates, disparities in academic achievement, special education tracking, and discrimination in 20 school discipline have been recognized BTCVJMEFSTBOETVQQPSUFSTPGUIFiTDIPPM UPQSJTPOQJQFMJOFw5PSFDUJGZUIJT UIF 16.3 underlying structural challenges have to be 15 addressed. Policy prescriptions in areas of early education, equitable school funding, and equitable school procedures and practices can all ensure academic success of

10 students of color.

8.7

Source: Children's Defense Fund, “America’s Cradle 6.0 5 to Prison Pipeline,” Oct. 2007. The source of the information comes from U.S. Department of Education, 3.3 Ofﬁce of Civil Rights, 2004 Elementary and Secondary 2.5 Civil Rights Survey; Schott Foundation for Public

0 Education, “Public Education and Black Male Students: BLACK AMERICAN INDIAN LATINO ASIAN WHITE A State Report Card,” 2004.

ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 15 16 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY ECONOMIC & WEALTH EQUITY

!e face of Minnesota’s workforce is changing rapidly. Younger workers of color account for 17 percent of workers between the ages of 20 to 31 Further, the buying power of businesses and people of color are growing faster than whites in Minnesota—essential fuel for economic growth.32 )PXFWFS UISFBUFOJOHUIJTFDPOPNJDHSPXUIBSFUIFDPMPSMJOFTJOKPCT income and wealth that grow from systemic barriers. Workers of color DPNQSJTFQFSDFOUPGUIFQPQVMBUJPOZFUBSFDPODFOUSBUFEJOMPX wage jobs.33-BUJOPTBSFUXPUJNFT QFSDFOU "NFSJDBO*OEJBOTBSF OFBSMZUISFFUJNFT QFSDFOU BOE#MBDLTBSFUISFFUJNFT QFSDFOU more likely than whites to live in poverty. We have to break the glass ceilings in opportunities. And through policy decisions, we can build an economic system that promotes our progressive tradition and vision.

ECONOMIC & WEALTH EQUITY LEGISLATION

HF 1004/Davnie (D-Minneapolis), SF 809/Higgins (D-Minneapolis) PREVENTING RACIAL PREDATORY MORTGAGE LENDING Subprime lending practices has led to a dramatic rise in single-family-home foreclosures, disproportionately in communities of color.35 In 2005 alone, there were 1,680 foreclosures JO)FOOFQJO$PVOUZ QFSDFOUPGUIFNXFSFJO/PSUI.JOOFBQPMJT BOFJHICPSIPPE where people of color are disproportionately represented.36 But predatory lending is not KVTUBOVSCBODPODFSO*OTVCVSCBOBOESVSBMDPVOUJFTTPVUIPGUIF5XJO$JUJFT BCPVU percent of all loans taken out were subprime loans.37)'CBOTiMJBSMPBOT wJUCBST a mortgage lender or broker from originating a loan without requiring documentation that takes into account the borrower’s income, assets, insurance, taxes and interest rates.38 *OBEEJUJPO )'CBOTiUFBTFSMPBOTwBOPUIFSOBNFGPSiOFHBUJWFBNPSUJ[BUJPOw wherein the loan amount to pay back increases rather than decreases with time, except for loans with a short life span. !is bill protects thousands of families of color against foreclosure driven by predatory mortgage lending practices.*OGBDU )'IBT the strongest provisions of any in the nation. But while this policy will cut down new mortgage scams, there are still hundreds of families, disproportionately families of color, already locked into bad deals that could ﬁnancially devastate them. !erefore, further legislation is needed to remedy situations wherein people are unfairly impacted. ✔ Signed by the Governor

ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 17 ECONOMIC & WEALTH EQUITY LEGISLATION

HF 643/Hansen (D-South St. Paul), SF 879/Metzen (D-South St. Paul) STRENGTHENING LABOR RIGHTS OF MEATPACKING WORKERS )FBEMJOFTIBWFUSBDLFEUIFNFBUQBDLJOHJOEVTUSZTHSPXJOHSFMJBODFPOJNNJHSBOU workers of color and its decline in labor standards.)'MBZTPVUQSJODJQMFTGPS rights of packinghouse workers. Some of the principles include the right to working and restroom facilities that are adequate and provisions to ensure that there is suﬃcient time for eating or restroom breaks. !is proposal also authorizes the creation of an ombudsman “Predatory mortgage UPUIFNFBUQBDLJOHJOEVTUSZ)PVTFEBUUIF.JOOFTPUB%FQBSUNFOUPG-BCPSBOE Industry, his or her duties will include inspecting and reviewing procedures and ensuring lending is a statewide workers’ rights are meaningfully protected. According to the Minnesota Department of crisis. !is nation-leading 'JOBODF CFUXFFO':BOEUIJTCJMMXJMMDPTUPOMZ !is proposal will especially beneﬁt immigrant workers of color who represent over one-third of the bill strikes a balance laborers in the meatpacking industry in Minnesota. Despite this legislative progress, the between protecting meatpacking industry has been subject to numerous immigration raids by federal agencies. As a consequence, the immigration raids have helped to “criminalize” and unfairly Minnesotans while penalize undocumented immigrants simply for working hard in Minnesota companies. ensuring continued Minnesota must put a moratorium on all immigration raids. access to credit, and a ✔ Signed by the Governor (HF 122)

robust lending market for HF 1078/Berglin (D-Minneapolis) both borrowers and the EXPANDING ACCESS TO CHILD CARE ASSISTANCE Families of color are more likely to face financial barriers to child care.)' lending industry.” QSPWJEFTNJMMJPOGPSUIFCJFOOJVNUPIFMQGBNJMJFTXJUIDIJMEDBSFDP payments.ɨJTCJMMMPXFSTUIFFMJHJCJMJUZGPSDPQBZNFOUTGSPNUPQFSDFOUPGHSPTT — REPRESENTATIVE JIM DAVNIE family income. !is bill also lowers the co-payment rate from $10 to $5 for those families %.*//&"10-*4 ii that earn between 75 and 100 percent of the official poverty line.)'SFTUPSFTTPNF of the 2003 funding cuts for co-payments. In 2003, the state government cut funding for child care by 50 percent. As a result, roughly 12,000 families lost assistance, and by 2005, waiting lists grew to 8,000 families. Low income families of color—for whom state- based child care have been a lifeline—were hit the hardest. While this bill gets funding back to 2003 levels, it does not boost the reimbursement percent for child care providers. !ese providers were also negatively affected by 2003 budget cuts. Many providers have raised their rates and thus increased financial barriers for child care, particularly for low- income parents of color. ✔ Signed by the Governor

18 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY HF1205/Scott Kranz (D-Blaine), SF1196/Michael Jungbauer (R-East Bethel) MANUFACTURED HOME PARK TRUST FUND Municipalities have failed to act when manufactured home parks with large proportions of families of color were closed. Previously, if the land underneath them was sold for redevelopment, homeowners were guaranteed no compensation for their homes. In a recent wave of home park closings for development, park residents of color (10 percent PGBMMNBOVGBDUVSFEIPNFQBSLT XFSFUIFNBKPSJUZ QFSDFOU PGUIFSFTJEFOUTEJTQMBDFE due to park closings.)'BVUIPSJ[FTUIFDSFBUJPOPGBUSVTUGVOEGPSNBOVGBDUVSFE IPNFPXOFSTXIPCFDPNFEJTMPDBUFEɨJTHSPVQRVBMJmFTGPS BOE compensation for a single-wide or a double-wide home, respectively. !e fund will be NBOBHFECZUIF.JOOFTPUB)PVTJOH'JOBODF"HFODZ BOEUIFGVOEXJMMHFOFSBUFSFWFOVFT by requiring park owners to pay for relocation costs in addition to annual payments made by homeowners. Eﬀorts to increase relocation amounts and to provide homeowners with adequate notice of the trust fund are still needed. ✔ Signed by Governor (Chapter 141)

WORKERS OF COLOR ARE CONCENTRATED IN LOW-WAGE JOBS

TOTAL CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Median hourly wages: $16.13

PERSONAL APPEARANCE $12.35 WORKERS

PACKAGING AND FILLING $12.10 MACHINE OPERATORS AND TENDERS

BUTCHERS, POULTRY AND $11.97 FISH PROCESSING WORKERS

TAXI DRIVERS $10.56 AND CHAUFFEURS

HAND PACKERS AND PACKAGERS $9.77

PARKING LOT ATTENDANTS $9.32

ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONICS, AND $12.89 ELECTROMECHANICAL ASSEMBLERS

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

Source: Minnesota Department of Human Rights and Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development, “Census 2000 Equal Employment Opportunity Data Packet, State of Minnesota,” 2000; Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Occupational Employment Statistics,” May 2006.

ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 19 CIVIL RIGHTS & CRIMINAL JUSTICE

!e rise in “criminalizing” and unfairly punishing people or color is directly aligned with the demographic changes. As diversity rises, disparate outcomes in arrest and incarceration must become central to eliminating inequities in our justice systems. Minnesota’s prison population is one of the nation’s fastest growing not only because of the “criminalization” of youth, sentencing youth as adults. But also because of the “war on drugs,” with Minnesota having one of the toughest drug sentencing guidelines in the country.50 As a SFTVMU "NFSJDBO*OEJBOTBOEQFPQMFPGDPMPSNBLFVQQFSDFOUPG UIFQSJTPOQPQVMBUJPOBMUIPVHIUIFZBDDPVOUGPSPOMZQFSDFOUPGUIF population.51 If present trends continue, by 2030 people of color will represent 51 percent of the arrests yet account for less than one-fourth of the population.52 !ese disparities are rooted in the criminal justice systems. Solutions exist for reclaiming our children and adults from arrest and incarceration. Our future prosperity depends on protecting the bridges to educational and employment opportunities, particularly for our growing communities of color.

CIVIL RIGHTS & CRIMINAL JUSTICE LEGISLATION

SF 279/Moua (D-St. Paul), HF 1380/Dominguez (D-Minneapolis) EXPANDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR THOSE ARRESTED BUT NOT CONVICTED Black job seekers receive return calls from employers at less than half the rate of white applicants.53 In fact, white applicants with a felony conviction have a better chance in UIFKPCNBSLFUUIBO#MBDLKPCTFFLFSTXJUIPVUBDSJNJOBMSFDPSE)'NBOEBUFT UIF$SJNJOBM+VTUJDF+VWFOJMF*OGPSNBUJPO1PMJDZ(SPVQUPFYBNJOFJTTVFTTVSSPVOEJOH sealing arrest records for those who were arrested but not convicted, as well as looking at how criminal convictions create staggering eﬀects on families and communities. !is committee is charged with unveiling policy recommendations to legislative leaders by +BOVBSZɨJTQSPWJTJPOBMTPBVUIPSJ[FTUIFDIBOHFJONFNCFSTIJQPGUIFMFHJTMBUJWF DPMMBUFSBMTBODUJPOTDPNNJUUFF BMMPXJOHUIF4FOUFODJOH(VJEFMJOFT$PNNJTTJPOUP QSPWJEFDSJUJDBMBTTJTUBODFɨJTQSPWJTJPOQBTTFEBTQBSUPG)'PNOJCVTQVCMJDTBGFUZ mOBODFCJMM*OUIFDPVOUJFTPG)FOOFQJOBOE3BNTFZBMPOF UIJTCJMMXJMMCFOFmU people that were arrested but not convicted.55 ✔ Signed by Governor (SF 1992, Art. 1, Sec 8 and Art. 2, Sec. 12-13)

20 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 21 CIVIL RIGHTS & CRIMINAL JUSTICE LEGISLATION

SF 1297/Larson (D-Bloomington), HF 1546/Simon (D-St. Louis Park) REDUCING STRUCTURAL BARRIERS TO VOTING !e U.S. Government Accountability Office has continued to report that populations of color and American Indians are far more likely to be subject to unlawful barriers to vote, such as proving citizenship or state identification.564'SFRVJSFTUIPTFXIPSFOFXPS complete an application for a driver’s license or state identification card in Minnesota to “For Minnesotans with a be automatically registered to vote. !at is, unless an applicant declines to be registered criminal record, it is next on the application or is not eligible to vote. !e bill also specifies that the county auditor has to notify the voter through mail that he or she was registered to vote. Finally, the bill to impossible to find a allows the secretary of state to update the voter registration database to capture changes in job or rent an apartment; address. In essence, this bill would have dramatically reduced race-based barriers to vote in Minnesota for thousands of voters of color.57)PXFWFS JUXBTWFUPFECZUIFHPWFSOPS XIP the criminal record itself claimed that “this approach is a solution in search of a nonexistent problem.”58 !e state often becomes an obstacle government must act to uphold the integrity of the voting system by eliminating racial to rehabilitation. !e and cultural discrimination at the polls. ✘ Vetoed by the Governor (Chapter 56, SF 1997) Legislature is preventing so many people from MISSED OPPORTUNITIES engaging in the very positive behavior we are HF 1496/Johnson (D-St. Paul), SF 1551/Moua (D-St. Paul) trying to encourage!” RECLAIMING OUR CHILDREN FROM DETENTION While youth of color and American Indian youth comprise only 17 percent of 10 to ZFBSPMETJO.JOOFTPUB UIFZBDDPVOUGPSQFSDFOUPGKVWFOJMFBSSFTUTBOEQFSDFOU — SENATOR JULIANNE ORTMAN of cases that result in juvenile confinement.)'QSPQPTFTUIBUJOmTDBMZFBS 3$)"/)"44&/ iii UIF%FQBSUNFOUPG$PNNVOJUZ$PSSFDUJPOTJO3BNTFZ$PVOUZXJMMBEWBODF to start a 12-month pilot project that will assess unequal contact and explore detention BMUFSOBUJWFT#VUUIJTQJMPUQSPKFDUIBTGBSSFBDIJOHJNQBDUTCFZPOE3BNTFZ$PVOUZJU can lead to not only innovation in criminal justice policy but also close racial disparities and limit unnecessary spending for the entire state. National research and best practices demonstrate that such policies dramatically reduce racial disparities, juvenile crime and detention budgets.60#FUXFFOBOEJO*MMJOPJT $PPL$PVOUZTBWFSBHFEBJMZ QPQVMBUJPOJOEFUFOUJPOXFOUGSPNUP BEFDSFBTFPGQFSDFOU8IBUJTNPSF CFUXFFOBOE JOUIFTBNFDPVOUZ UIFBSSFTUSBUFGPSZPVUIEFDSFBTFECZ percent. ✘ Died in Senate Finance Division and House Public Safety Finance Division

22 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY HF 1438/Mariani (D-St. Paul), SF 984/Moua (D-St. Paul) Removing Parts of Minnesota’s PROTECTING MINNESOTANS FROM FAKE SECURITY Black Middle-Class !e REAL ID Act requires that by 2008 state IDs and state driver’s licenses have to meet new requirements of proof of citizenship or lawful status to be accepted by federal Since 1991, Liberians had been given permission, called Temporary Protected 61 facilities and agencies. It also requires that states collect and share biometric information Status, to live and work in the United XJUIGFEFSBMBHFODJFT)'BMMPXTUIFTUBUFOPUUPDPNQMZXJUIUIF3&"-*%"DUUP States while civil war raged in their maintain the well-being and security of Minnesotans and prevent the state from taking on homeland. Last fall, though, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security unnecessary expenses. To satisfy these principles, the bill mandates that the commissioner said they must leave by Oct. 1, 2007 of the Minnesota Department of Public Safety refrain from implementing or planning because Liberia has stabilized under a to enact the provisions of the REAL ID Act. !is bill would have not only benefited democratically elected government. 100,000 immigrants of color by not profiling based on immigration status.62 It would Just 18 days before Liberians nationwide have also benefited tens of thousands of low-income people of color and American tribal were to lose their permission to live and 63 work in the United States, Pres. Bush members who often lack access to birth certificates or state ID cards. Minnesota joins directed the Secretary of Homeland 31 other states that have proposed at least 60 anti-REAL ID measures. Such legislation Security to defer deportation of the has actually passed in Arizona, Idaho, Maine and Utah. !e Minnesota Department of Liberians under temporary status until Mar. Finance estimates that noncompliance would have no negative cost.65 31, 2009. This delay means another 18 months of living on a precarious limb.

✘ Died in House Committee on Rules and Legislative Administration; Passed in Senate As an [18 month] deadline approaches for thousands of Liberians to leave the SF 294/Ortman (R-Chanhassen), HF 1548/Lesch (D-St. Paul) United States, pockets of the Twin Cities LEGISLATIVE GUIDE FOR COURTS TO SEAL RECORDS [metropolitan area] face potentially substantial losses of everything from rent A limited number of county-based courts have sealed records—eliminating a major DIFDLT IVOESFETPGIPNFTUPOVSTJOH barrier to employment for people of color—however, without the guidance of the state home workers. Counting the Liberians’ legislature.66*OGBDU 3BNTFZ$PVOUZKVEHFTIBWFHSBOUFEOFBSMZQFSDFOUPGSFRVFTUT TQPVTFTBOE64CPSODIJMESFO DJUZ PGmDJBMTFTUJNBUF UP QFPQMFJO UPTFBMSFDPSET5PQSPWJEFHVJEBODF 4'TFUTDSJUFSJBGPSDPVSUTUPTFBMSFDPSET Minnesota could be pulling up stakes. including increasing a petitioner’s ability to secure employment, housing and community We anticipate a spike of houses for sale, engagement. According to one of the bill’s authors, Senator Ortman, it is critical to Joel Spoonheim, Brooklyn Park economic “give judges more statutory authority to seal records of people they believe have been and redevelopment director, told city rehabilitated.”67 !is bill would have allowed nearly 13,300 ex-oﬀenders of color get a PGmDJBMTJOBSFDFOUNFNP0VSGFBSJTUIBU UIJTNBZSFTVMUJOBTJHOJmDBOUJODSFBTF fresh start to secure employment and housing opportunities.68 Overall, this bill would in rental property or vacant homes as IBWFQSPWJEFEBMFHJTMBUJWFTPMVUJPOGPSUIF/PW4DIVM[WT.JOOFTPUBEFDJTJPO the ownership market may not be able to which rendered Minnesota’s expungement remedy meaningless. absorb this abrupt inﬂux. ✘ Received hearings yet died in Senate Finance Committee; At least 300 students in the Osseo Area Schools’ English language learners Died in House Public Safety and Civil Justice Committee classes were born in Liberia. We may lose hundreds of students, said Lorilee Andreini, Osseo’s English language learners coordinator.

Sources: Extracted from Brady Averill and Sharon Schmickle, “Bill Would Help Liberians Stay in U.S.,” Star Tribune, Last Updated on Apr. 27, 2007; Sharon Schmickle, “Liberians Here, But for How Long?” Star Tribune, Last Updated on Apr. 27, 2007; Sharon Schmickle, “Minnesota Liberians Rally in Effort to Stay in U.S.” Star Tribune, Last Updated Apr. 27, 2007; Sharon Schmickle, “Liberians Give Thanks for 18-month Reprieve,” Star Tribune, Sept. 15, 2007; www.startribune.com/liberia.

ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 23 24 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY HEALTH EQUITY

!e faces of health care are changing rapidly throughout the state. Yet only 22 percent of health care institutions met standards for having interpreters or bilingual staff available, and only 7 percent made sure that staff was trained to deliver services in culturally and linguistically appropriate manner. Meanwhile, racial disparities in health insurance access and care are deep and persistent. American Indians have a diabetes death rate UIBUJTUJNFTIJHIFSUIBOXIJUFT #MBDLTUJNFTIJHIFS -BUJOPT 1.7 times higher and the fastest increase is among Asian-Pacific Islanders. Black and American Indian males experience the highest cancer and mortality rates in Minnesota.70 Solutions to race-based health disparities have to address the enduring systemic inequities in economic and environmental opportunities. Our future livelihood depends on policies that strengthen institutions to promote equity and build a health care system that works for all.

HEALTH EQUITY LEGISLATION

HF 1/Thissen (D-St. Paul), SF 15/Prettner Solon (D-Duluth) HEALTH INSURANCE FOR ALL CHILDREN $IJMESFOPGDPMPSBSFQFSDFOUPGUIFKVWFOJMFQPQVMBUJPOZFUUIFZDPNQSJTFPOFUIJSE of Minnesota’s children that are uninsured.71)'QSPQPTFTUPHVBSBOUFFJOTVSBODF access to all children through removing barriers to coverage and restructuring current HPWFSONFOUQSPHSBNT1BSUPGUIJTWJTJPOXBTSPMMFEJOUPUIF)PVTF)FBMUIBOE)VNBO 4FSWJDF ))4 PNOJCVTCJMM)'ɨFCJMMQSPWJEFTSPVHIMZNJMMJPOJO BOENJMMJPOJOUPDPWFSLJET72 And it speciﬁes that children in families with up to 300 percent of the poverty line can participate in the children’s health security program. Other positive features of the bill were the creation of a simpliﬁed four-page application for children to enroll in public health care programs and a reduction in .JOOFTPUB$BSFQSFNJVNTGPSBMMFOSPMMFFT JODMVEJOHDIJMESFO"MUIPVHIUIFHPWFSOPS TJHOFEUIF))4PNOJCVTCJMM UIFIFBMUIDBSFQSPWJTJPOTJOJUGFMMGBSTIPSUFSUIBOUIFHPBMT PGUIF$IJMESFOT)FBMUI4FDVSJUZ"DU*OGBDU POMZ PG VOJOTVSFELJET disproportionately kids of color—were covered by this bill.73 ✔ Signed by the Governor (HF 1078, Art 12, Sec 6 & 4)

ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 25 HEALTH EQUITY LEGISLATION

HF 196/Greiling (D-Roseville), SF 148/Marty (D-Roseville) IMPROVING MENTAL HEALTH OF KIDS "DDPSEJOHUPUIF64%FQBSUNFOUPG)FBMUIBOE)VNBO4FSWJDFT UIFNFOUBMIFBMUIPG families of color and American Indian families has been profoundly stressed by racism in our education, housing and employment systems. !ousands of immigrant families of color have the additional burden of having experienced torture and war in their homeland. Numerous students of color have undetected mental health disorders that IJOEFSUIFJSFDPOPNJDBOEBDBEFNJDQSPHSFTTɨF.JOOFTPUB%FQBSUNFOUPG)VNBO “Health care is one of the Services has reported that, “more often than not, no screening occurs.”75)'HSBOUT NJMMJPOGPSmTDBMZFBSGPSLJETNFOUBMIFBMUIHSBOUTUPBMMPXDPVOUJFT biggest problems facing American Indian tribes, and mental health service providers to focus on prevention and the state and its families. delivering service. !e bill also charges the commissioner of the Minnesota Department All parties need to give of Education to create a grant program wherein applicants can use a screening tool, the $PMVNCJB5FFO4DSFFOQSPHSBNɨFTFHSBOUTXJMMCFQSJNBSJMZUBSHFUFEUPCFVTFECZ their best wisdom and family service agencies and public schools. effort in order to find a ✔ Signed by the Governor (HF 196, Art. 8, Sec. 8) solution that works. We can make a real difference MISSED OPPORTUNITIES in the health of our state.” SF 102/Marty (D-Roseville), HF 479/Walker (D-Minneapolis) HEALTH CARE ACCESS FOR EVERYONE — REPRESENTATIVE JIM ABELER 1FPQMFPGDPMPSBSFQFSDFOUPGUIFQPQVMBUJPOZFUOFBSMZPOFUIJSE QFSDFOU PGUIF 3"/0," iv uninsured population.764'BVUIPSJ[FTUIF-FHJTMBUJWF$PNNJTTJPOPO)FBMUI$BSF Access to create a universal health care infrastructure. !e commission is to prepare and EFMJWFSBMFHJTMBUJWFQBDLBHFPOUIJTUPQJDUPUIFTUBUFMFHJTMBUVSFCZ+BOVBSZ4' 102 also establishes bottom lines for the system: that all are covered regardless of income level; that there is an emphasis on early intervention and prevention; and that it provides comprehensive benefits and slashes costs through prevention and government efficiency. ɨJTCJMMOFWFSSFDFJWFEBIFBSJOHJOUIF4FOBUFBOETUBMMFEJOUIF)PVTFQSJNBSJMZCFDBVTF it was received too late to be heard.77 Although the bill did not pass, the idea of this committee is important. In the future, such a committee has to design a system with principles that focus on structural justice and builds a health care system that works for all. ✘ Died in Senate Committee on Rules and Administration; Died in House Health Care and Human Services Finance Division

26 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY PUBLIC HEALTH CARE IS LIFELINE FOR COMMUNITIES OF COLOR

"DDPSEJOHUPUIF.JOOFTPUB%FQBSUNFOUPG)FBMUI iNPSF#MBDLT "NFSJDBO*OEJBOTBOE-BUJOPTUIBOXIJUFTBSFDPWFSFEUISPVHIQVCMJD health insurance programs. These groups are less likely than whites to be covered by group insurance, generally through their own or a GBNJMZNFNCFSTFNQMPZFSw

WHITES Public: 23.8%

BLACKS 45.2%

ASIAN-PACIFIC 25% ISLANDERS

AMERICAN 37.9% INDIANS

LATINOS 28.8%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Public Uninsured Group Individual

Source: Minnesota Department of Health, Center for Health Statistics, “Populations of Color in Minnesota: Health Status Report,” Spring 2007.

ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 27 AMERICAN INDIAN TRIBAL SOVEREIGNTY

Tribal sovereignty is rooted in an internationally recognized concept that sovereignty is the power of the people to govern themselves.78 American Indian tribes retained much of their sovereignty following treaty making with the U.S. government. In essence, Indian tribal sovereign rights not ceded to the U.S. government were retained by the Indian tribes. !is government-to-government relationship was substantiated in MBXCZOVNFSPVTNBKPS644VQSFNF$PVSUDBTFTJOUIFTBOE 1830s. From this sovereign authority, American Indian tribes in Minnesota work to promote social, cultural and economic well-being for their membership.

Minnesota obtained statehood in 1857. But this statehood did not impede or impair tribal sovereignty. !ose sovereign rights held by "NFSJDBO*OEJBOUSJCFTSFNBJOFE'VSUIFS MBUFS644VQSFNF$PVSU decisions re-aﬃrmed Indian rights to hunt, ﬁsh and gather in original treaty areas.80 !ere is, indeed, a tribal-state relationship in Minnesota, which is based on legal and historical documentation. We must acknowledge and respect the political relationship that tribes have with the U.S. government. Moreover, we must respect the government-to- government relationship that tribes have with the state government. By understanding the fundamentals of tribal sovereignty a stronger relationship between Indians and non-Indians can evolve as an outcome.

28 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 29 AMERICAN INDIAN TRIBAL SOVEREIGNTY LEGISLATION

HF 1051/Hilty (D-Finlayson), SF 1048/Lourey (D-Kerrick) RESTRUCTURING MEMBERSHIP ON INDIAN AFFAIRS COUNCIL $VSSFOUQPMJDZMJNJUTUIFUSJCBMTUBUFHPWFSONFOUSFMBUJPOTIJQCFDBVTFPOMZWPUJOH NFNCFSTPOUIF.JOOFTPUB*OEJBO"ĊBJST$PVODJMIBWFCFFOUIFFMFDUFEUSJCBMMFBEFST81 5PBEESFTTUIJT 4'QFSNJUTFMFDUFEDIBJSQFSTPOTPGUIFUSJCBMHPWFSONFOUTUP designate one other member to have voting power on the council. !is amendment “Wild rice is not ensures that the government level of communication is equal among all participating governments. Tribal commissioners or directors would meet on a quarterly basis with only historically and state commissioners or directors to develop the issues they would discuss among the economically important elected tribal and state leadership at an annual leadership summit. !is maintains each government’s individual identity throughout the process and recognizes the stature of the for all Minnesotans, it’s elected tribal leadership and each leader’s responsibilities as a head of government. sacred to the Ojibwe ✔ Signed by the Governor (Chapter 130)

people. We need to study HF 2008/Clark (D-Minneapolis), SF 1791/Pappas (D-St. Paul) the declining wild rice PROMOTING AMERICAN INDIAN CULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS population and protect !e state of Minnesota “does not require schools to teach Indian culture [to all students], and very few schools teach native languages.”82 Experts claim that in Minnesota this against any genetic deﬁciency contributes to the dismal high school graduation rate of 65 percent for 83 damage to native American Indian students. )'SFRVJSFTUIBUBMM.JOOFTPUBTUVEFOUTCFFEVDBUFE about the history and contributions of Minnesota’s American Indian communities as part wild rice.” of their graduation requirement. !e bill also calls for all teachers to take coursework that would prepare them to teach about Minnesota’s American Indian communities as part of 3&13&4&/5"5*7&'3"/,.0& UIFMJDFOTJOHBOEDPOUJOVJOHFEVDBUJPOSFRVJSFNFOUT,FZQSPWJTJPOTXFSFQBTTFEJOBO %#&.*%+* v education omnibus bill, including the creation of a statewide task force to create a study on Indian education. In early 2007, a similar bill was passed by the state legislature of South Dakota, the Indian Education Act. It requires Indian history and culture to be part of the state academic standards. ✔ Signed by the Governor (HF 2245, Article 2, Section 3)

HF2227/Juhnke (D-Willmar), SF 1925/Vickerman (D-Tracy) BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURE FOR TRIBAL SERVICE VETERANS In Minnesota, two in five American Indian males serve in the military. Yet the veteran affairs system has neglected to build an infrastructure that meets their priorities.85)' QSPWJEFTNJMMJPOJOUIFCJFOOJVNUPGVOEUIF5SJCBM7FUFSBO4FSWJDF Officers (TVSO), a new section of the Minnesota Department of Veteran Affairs. !ese TVSOs will be trained and primarily located on tribal reservations in Northern Minnesota. While the funding amount met the requested level, it has to become a sustainable source to increase equal access and outcomes in veteran affairs.86 In regards to program design, research says that programs have to consider that over two-fifths of American Indian veterans find that powwows are a vital source of community recognition, healing and reintegration into society.87 ✔ Signed by the Governor (HF 2227 Omnibus Agricultural and Veterans Affairs Appropriations)

30 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY HF 1663/Moe (D-Bemidji), SF 2103/Chaudhary (D-Columbia Heights) PROTECTING WILD RICE FROM TERMINATOR SEEDS *OBOUSFBUZCFUXFFOUIF0KJCXFBOEUIF64HPWFSONFOU SPVHIMZNJMMJPO acres of Wisconsin and Minnesota were ceded to the U.S. but “the privilege of hunting, fishing, and gathering the wild rice upon the lands, the rivers and the lakes included in the territory ceded” was retained by tribes.88ɨF.JMMF-BDT4VQSFNF$PVSU case reinforced the rights of the Ojibwe to such land-uses beyond the reservations. )PXFWFS iUFSNJOBUPSwTFFETPSHFOFUJDBMMZBMUFSFEPSHBOJTNTDSFBUFECZJOTUJUVUJPOT and corporations—could harm not only the wild lake rice but also the economic and cultural livelihood of American Indians.5PDPOUBJOUIFUISFBU 4'TQFDJmFTUIBUBMM entities that desire to cultivate genetically engineered wild rice in Minnesota have to file an environmental impact statement. !e bill also mandates the Environmental Quality Board to study the negative affects of genetic alteration on wild rice and to inform tribal governments of permission granted in other states to grow genetically engineered wild rice. Minnesota has become the nation’s first state to enact such legislation. !e language GSPN)'4'XBTJOUFHSBUFEXJUI)'4'BOEVMUJNBUFMZQMBDFE into the omnibus environmental and natural resources finance bill. ✔ Signed by the Governor (SF 2096)

Native Power: Strengthening and Expanding American Indian Businesses

Minnesota is unique in having a business program, the Indian Loan Program that is exclusively for Native American entrepreneurs. In place since 1981, the fund was established with money from a state mineral tax and is administered through Department of Employment and Economic Development. Each reservation has access to a portion of this fund to lend to entrepreneurs. As of 2003, numerous loans were in process and 114 loans had been made amounting to $3.4 million. This program is part of Minnesota’s overall supportive environment for small businesses, including Native businesses.

American Indians are one of the top employers in the state. American Indians as a whole BSFUIFUIMBSHFTUFNQMPZFSJO.JOOFTPUB FNQMPZJOHPWFSQFSDFOUOPO*OEJBOTBOE paying well over $100 million in state and federal taxes. Three of the top 25 businesses of color in Minnesota are owned by American Indians, according to the Twin Cities Business Journal Annual Book of Lists.

The Minnesota American Indian Chamber of Commerce has 160 member businesses, and over 70 percent are American Indian owned and operated. [They] employ more than QFPQMF5IFTFBSFFNQMPZFSTUIBUJOEJSFDUMZBGGFDUUIFFDPOPNJDXFMMCFJOHPG*OEJ BOTBOEBTJHOJmDBOUQPSUJPOPGUIFOPO*OEJBOQPQVMBUJPO$VSSFOUNFNCFSTIJQTIPXTPWFS QFSDFOUBSFMPDBUFEJOSVSBMBSFBT PVUTJEFUIFTFWFODPVOUZNFUSPBSFB BOEQFSDFOU BSFXJUIJOUIFTFWFODPVOUZNFUSPBSFB

Source: Extracted from Minnesota American Indian Chamber of Commerce, www.maicc. org; Northwest Areas Foundation, “Native Entrepreneurship: Challenges and Opportunities for Rural Communities,” 2004.

ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 31

LEGISLATING Defining Racial Justice, Levels of Racism

INSTITUTIONAL RACISM RACIAL JUSTICE works to eliminate racial disparities resulting from interpersonal, institutional and Whereas racism in the 20th century was blatant, structural racism. Equitable outcomes for all are central to racial justice efforts. racism in the 21st century is “baked” into the INTERPERSONAL RACISM is the institutions and public policies that shape our public expressions of racial prejudice, hate, bias and bigotry between public life. !e most profound level of racism is individuals. Hate crimes are an example of interpersonal racism. unintentionally embedded in public policies and INSTITUTIONAL RACISM is when racial disparities are created institutional practices. Yet, when most people and/or exacerbated by key societal institutions such as hospitals, public think of racism, they think of overt, intentional acts schools and private corporations. between people. Disparate outcomes are the measure of institutional racism—regardless of whether there is racist intent by the We can overcome the challenges of legislating institutional racism. institution or the individuals acting on Taking full advantage of the opportunities to eradicate racism requires CFIBMGPGUIFJOTUJUVUJPO3BDJBMQSPmMJOH predatory lending, and disparities Minnesotans to acknowledge and face racial inequities. !at translates in health treatment are examples of institutional racism. into all institutions and policymakers taking a hard look at the racial STRUCTURAL RACISM is the impact of public policies, including legislation that has been touted as normalization and legitimization of an beneﬁting all. It also means that we start to proactively design policies array of dynamics—historical, cultural, institutional, and interpersonal—that that focus on structural and institutional equity. Failure to do so will routinely gives an advantage to whites while producing cumulative and chronic neglect the chances to remove the race-based barriers to opportunities adverse outcomes for people of color. that ultimately threaten the long-term health of our state. Structural racism is the interaction of disparate outcomes across institutions. Separate and unequal schools, for During the 2007 session, numerous policies were introduced at both instance, are a product of the interplay the state and local government level that would exacerbate race-based of numerous factors such as historic employment discrimination, housing disparities. While none of the state level legislation became law, they segregation, and racialized poverty. Structural racism is the most profound signal that state legislators unconsciously failed to reveal the racial and pervasive form of racism that is impact of their proposals. As a consequence, legislating institutional deeply embedded in all aspects of society. racism was used to undermine the proactive policy initiatives that Source: Applied Research Center, would beneﬁt all Minnesotans. 2005

ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 33 INSTITUTIONAL RACISM LEGISLATION

HF 1982/Emmer (R-Delano) CRIMINALIZING AND PUNISHING WOMEN OF COLOR IN POVERTY )'NBOEBUFTUIBUBMM.JOOFTPUB'BNJMZ*OWFTUNFOU1SPHSBN .'*1 BQQMJDBOUT including re-applicants, have to pass a drug test for illegal substances to be eligible for benefits. !ose who test positive will automatically be sanctioned, leading to a reduction in benefits. !e tab for the drug test has to be picked up by the applicant—even if she or he tests negative—either at the beginning or as an offset on future benefits. Advocates and scholars have long pointed out that the “war on drugs” inevitably attacks the livelihood of low-income women of color. In this vein, this bill would have not only “criminalized” and disenfranchised people of color and American Indians who comprise 61 percent (17,322) of the MFIP program for being poor. It would have also unfairly cost burdened those who can least afford fines for living in poverty. ✘ Died in House Committee on Health and Human Services

SF 1059/Ingebrigtsen (R-Alexandria), HF 241/Erickson (R-Princeton) PROMOTING LINGUISTIC ISOLATION 4'EFTJHOBUFT&OHMJTIBTUIFTUBUFTPċDJBMMBOHVBHFɨJTCJMMBVUIPSJ[FT&OHMJTI to be used by state and local governments in their scope of work and when completing reports and documents. English-only rules do not apply when state employees have to provide expert testimony, when public health or safety services need to be delivered in another language, when it would impede advertising for commercial trade, or when it would compromise the instruction of limited-English students and foreign language courses. If the use of non-English languages goes beyond the exceptions listed, the cost to translate and create documents has to be marked as a budget item. !is bill would have linguistically isolated the other 10 commonly used languages spoken by 76,526 of Minnesota’s cultural communities. !ese communities speak numerous languages, not just “English only.” If enacted into law, then Minnesota would have joined 26 other states that have placed English-oﬃcial amendments or statutes on their state’s constitution. ✘ Died in Senate Committee on State and Local Government Operations and House Committee on Governmental Operations, Reform, Technology and Elections

SF 2095/Stumpf (R-Thief River Falls) CAPPING THE EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR STUDENTS $VSSFOUMZ UIFSFBSFDIBSUFSTDIPPMTUIBUFEVDBUF TUVEFOUTNPSFUIBOIBMGBSF students of color and American Indian students. Actually, students of color continue to be the fastest growing population in charter schools.%FTQJUFUIJT 4'SFRVJSFTUIF commissioner of the Minnesota Department of Education to cap the number of charter schools at 150. Enacting this legislation would have damaged Minnesota’s reputation as the state that gave birth to the charter school movement and arrested the educational opportunities particularly for students of color. Instead of focusing on quantity, Minnesota has to demand quality education for all students, regardless of where a student goes to school. ✘ Died in E-12 Conference Committee (Omnibus K-12 Education Bill HF 2245)

34 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY From Blatant to Subtle Forms of Institutional Racism in Minnesota, 1854–2007

1854 *O #JMM/PiBCJMMUPQSPWJEFGPSUIFHPPEDPOEVDUPG/FHSPBOE.VMBUUPQFSTPOTwXBT introduced. Modeled on the 1807 Ohio law, it requires all Blacks intending to reside in the territory to permanently post a personal bond of $300–$500 as a guarantee of good behavior, virtually barring people of meager resources from settlement. The bill failed, however by a 10–6 vote.

1857 5IFOFXTUBUFDPOTUJUVUJPO<>iSFRVJSFT<*OEJBOT>UPIBWFBEPQUFEUIFMBOHVBHFBTXFMMBTUIFIBCJUT BOEDVTUPNTPGDJWJMJ[BUJPO"TUIFSFJTOPTQFDJmDMBOHVBHFPGDJWJMJ[BUJPO JUJTPVSQVSQPTFUPCSJOHUIF %BLPUBMBOHVBHFVOEFSUIBUDBUFHPSZw*OPUIFSXPSET BSUJDMF TFDUJPO POMZSFRVJSFEUIBUDJUJ[FOT TQFBLiUIFMBOHVBHFyPGDJWJMJ[BUJPO wPGXIJDIXIJUF&OHMJTITQFBLJOH"NFSJDBODJWJMJ[BUJPOXBTPOMZ POF"OZDVMUVSFXIPTFMBOHVBHFXBTXSJUUFO BOEBTTVDISFRVJSFTMJUFSBDZ RVBMJmFEBTBiDJWJMJBOw

1859 In 1859, legislators introduced a bill to prevent the migration of free Blacks and Mulattoes into the state and require the registration of those already in residence. As a result, white settlers intent on farming, and having resources to do so, were well received. The state’s population surged from 172,023 in 1860 to 250,099 in 1865, an increase of 45 percent.

1870 By 1870, the perception that Blacks made up the most felonious DSJNJOBMDMBTTJOUIFDJUZJOUFOTJmFE*OBDPVOUZJOXIJDIUIFZXFSF .9 percent of the total population, they constituted more than 13 percent of those charged with theft, nearly seventeen times their number in the population as a whole. Sociologist Joel Best has observed that 10 percent of all arrests resulted in jail sentences or felony trials, but for Blacks the rate was 60 percent. Moreover, Blacks generally received harsher sentences than did whites charged with similar offenses.

2007 0O/PW $"3& BOBOUJMFWZHSPVQXIPTFUBDUJDTIFMQFEUPEFGFBU UIF3PCCJOTEBMFTEJTUSJDUMFWZSFRVFTUBOUJSFGFSFOEVNQIPOFDBMMT directed at residents and leading up to a vote included the message that district QSPCMFNTBSFCSPVHIUJOXJUIOPOSFTJEFOUTUVEFOUTi5IJTJNQMJFTUIBULJETGSPN /PSUI.JOOFBQPMJTBSFUIFPOFTJOHBOHmHIUTBOEJOWPMWFEJOCPNCUISFBUT w Robin Smothers, a mother of three said. Robbinsdale lost its bid to renew a DVSSFOUMFWZUIBUPGmDJBMTTBJEXPVMEIBWFBMMPXFENPSFUFBDIFSTUPCFIJSFEUP reduce class sizes. The referendum was defeated 53 percent to 47 percent.

Extracted from William D. Green, "1FDVMJBS*NCBMBODF5IF'BMMBOE3JTFPG3BDJBM&RVBMJUZJO&BSMZ.JOOFTPUB, St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2007; Paul Levy, “Anti-levy Groups Sue State Over Ban on Distortions,” Star Tribune, Nov. 8, 2007.

ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 35 REPORTING ON THE GOVERNOR In April 2007, the Organizing Apprenticeship Project released a Mid-Term Progress Report that examined the racial impact of central elements of the governor’s ﬁscal year 2008- CVEHFUQSPQPTBMTJOBSFBTPGFEVDBUJPOBOEIFBMUIɨFSFQPSUGPVOEUIBU XIFUIFS intended or not, 8 out of 10 high-priority proposals had elements that would neglect or BDUVBMMZSFJOGPSDFUIFSBDJBMEJTQBSJUJFTJOUIFTFBSFBTBOEPVUPGQSPQPTBMTUIBUXPVME improve racial disparities were inadequately funded. Since then, the governor has worked with legislative leaders to enact the state budget GPSmTDBMZFBSo'PMMPXJOHJTBCSJFGPWFSWJFXPGUIFHPWFSOPSTQFSGPSNBODFPO major issues aﬀecting racial equity and opportunity in the state. Overall, the governor has signed most of the racial equity legislation that reached his desk. But this masks the fact that governor’s budget and taxation decisions have neglected to prepare Minnesota for an equitable multiracial future. Our future prosperity depends on investing in institutions and policies that preserve and expand our high standard of living for all communities, particularly our growing communities of color.

BUDGET AND TAXATION: AS DIVERSITY RISES, STATE GOVERNMENT AND PURSE STRINGS SHRINK !e governor has used his power to reinforce the decline of public investment in equity and opportunity in the face of explosive growth in racial diversity. !e 2007 governor’s State of t4UBUFBOEMPDBMHPWFSONFOUTIBWFCFDPNFBTNBMMFSQBSUPGUIFTUBUFTFDPOPNZ the State address was based on An indicator of this is that taxes measured as a share of income are now lower for Paying for Better Performance: BMMJODPNFHSPVQTUIBOUIFZXFSFJO%VSJOHUIFT DFOUTPGFBDI Investing in the Future. Better dollar of our personal income was paid to the state, school districts and local governments.100 Today it is around 16 cents. By 2011, it will stand at 15.6 cents. Government: state government That’s a loss of a staggering $3 billion in revenue. According to the Minnesota must ensure that taxpayers Budget Project, we are under-investing in the infrastructure that historically receive value and start paying has produced a high standard of living and helped to maintain our progressive reputation.101 The governor has helped to hold back the state. The lack of for better performance. adequate resources to strengthen institutions to promote equity and opportunity Better Education: Nation- NBLFTJUDIBMMFOHJOHUPBEWBODFSBDJBMFRVJUZ$FOUSBMUPUIFTUBUFTGVUVSF leading student performance prosperity is meeting the expectations of the changing racial demographics and isn’t good enough any more. investing our resources in expanding opportunities for all to thrive. Better Health: “Healthy t :FU BTEJWFSTJUZSJTFT QVCMJDTQFOEJOHJTGBMMJOHGPSFEVDBUJPO IFBMUIDBSF and workforce development, while it is rapidly rising for public safety and Connections” will focus on corrections. Minnesota is far from unique with this trend. But for Minnesota, improving access, quality and this marks a dramatic shift away from investing in vital institutions and policies lowering cost. (education and economic development) that helped us produce nation-leading economic growth and top the charts in standard-of-living indicators towards (075*.1"8-&/5: 45"5&0'5)& security and corrections. As the proportion of families of color increases, the STATE ADDRESS, JAN.17, 2007 commitment to improving Minnesota’s schools, workforce, health care seems UPCFEFDSFBTJOH$POUJOVJOHUPVTFTFDVSJUZBOEJNQSJTPONFOUXJMMJOFWJUBCMZ devastate us all, particularly the lives of communities of color and American Indian communities.102 Simply put, it will reinforce glaring racial disparities in profiling, arrest and incarceration.103 We have to make smart race-conscious investments in the infrastructure, ensuring that bridges to success are available especially for our growing communities of color, who are critical to the state’s future prospects.

36 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY t )FBEMJOFTPOUIFGJOBMCVEHFUQPJOUFEPVUUIBUCVEHFUDPNNJUUFFEFCBUFTXFSF shadowed by the 2003 budget cuts to state services. Ironically, these were policy decisions that hit communities of color—for whom state services are a lifeline— the hardest. Yet, budget proposals and public messages were silent on racial impact on communities of color in the wake of these stark disparate outcomes. What is perhaps more damaging is that the governor and legislative leaders were so focused on getting state services back to 2003 levels that they were unable to envision new policy ideas and public funds that would address emerging racial equity priorities. While these repairs will disproportionately benefit communities of color (i.e. special education, child care), our future prosperity requires that we ensure that all Minnesotans have an equal opportunity to learn, earn a living, and live in a safe and healthy community. We think better government calls for making smart and strategic budget and taxation initiatives that are aware of racial impacts and build opportunities for future wealth and prosperity.

EDUCATION EQUITY: GRIDLOCK ON DREAM ACT For three consecutive years, the Dream Act has died under a threat of Gov. Pawlenty veto. !is bill would have granted in-state tuition rates to high school graduates that are undocumented. During the 2007 session, the governor threatened to veto the higher education budget bill if the Dream Act appeared. !e disastrous outcome is three years of denied access to higher education for hundreds of undocumented students, primarily )NPOHBOE-BUJOP#FUUFSFEVDBUJPOEFNBOETUIBUXFFMJNJOBUFSBDFCBTFECBSSJFSTUP higher education, to create a pathway for our future competitive edge and economic well- being.

ECONOMIC EQUITY: MIXED MESSAGES WITH LABOR POLICIES AND PRACTICES Gov. Pawlenty has signed the meatpacking industry bill of rights. !is legislation will curb inequalities in workplace standards by establishing rights for workers in an industry where workers of color make up over one-third of the workers. Despite new legislation, the HPWFSOPSIBTQVCMJDMZTVQQPSUFEUIF*NNJHSBUJPOBOE$VTUPNTBOE&OGPSDFNFOUSBJET on the meatpacking industry throughout Southern Minnesota. !ese raids reinforce the “criminalization” of workers, and the idea that undocumented workers deserve to be penalized. Such practices have a far-reaching impact on the state’s economic growth and workforce stability. Signing legislation that would establish principles for the meatpacking industry while, at the same time, supporting raids that “criminalize” honest labor sends a mixed message. Better government requires clarity about upholding workplace standards, which has to include a moratorium on immigrant raids in Minnesota.

CIVIL RIGHTS: STRUCTURAL BARRIERS TO VOTING COULD REMAIN !e government holds the responsibility to uphold the integrity of the voting system, JODMVEJOHBOFOEUPSBDFCBTFEEJTDSJNJOBUJPOBUUIFWPUJOHQPMMT4'XPVMEIBWF allowed those who registered for a state ID to be automatically registered to vote. As an impact, this bill would have allowed thousands of people of color to vote without facing unequal treatment.105 !e bill gained widespread support at the state legislature, passing JOCPUIUIF)PVTFBOE4FOBUFBT4')PXFWFS JUXBTWFUPFECZUIFHPWFSOPS XIP claimed that “this approach is a solution in search of a non-existent problem.”106 Vetoing this legislation is symbolic of the governor unconsciously failing to look at the racial

ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 37 impact of policies, which end up neglecting racial disparities in voting. Better government would ensure that the integrity of the voting system is actually upheld. All told, the governor received a D. !is grade mirrors the poor performance of the state legislature. !e governor deserves credit for signing many of the proactive racial equity measures that reached his desk. But as the state’s highest elected leader, he could do more with his power over the state’s purse strings and legislation to lead the way UPXBSETQSFQBSJOHGPSBOFRVJUBCMFNVMUJSBDJBMGVUVSF$MFBSMZ XJUIPVUFYQMJDJUBUUFOUJPO and commitment to racial equity, state spending will fail to build the institutions we all need for shared prosperity. State budgets will also fail to anticipate disparate outcomes and actually exacerbate the racial fault line. Our state’s top leadership has to understand that racial equity is an indicator of future success and prosperity for all Minnesotans. Yet, reducing racial disparities has not been made a priority. And it shows—especially when we see a decline in investment in institutions that promote opportunity in the face of unprecedented growth in racial diversity. Unfortunately, whether intended or not, the governor has done little to prepare the state for an equitable multiracial future.

AS DIVERSITY RISES, THE INFRASTRUCTURE DISMANTLES IN MINNESOTA

25%

20% People of Color Percent of the total population

Size of Government Revenue as percent from 15% personal income

10%

5% 1995 2000 2005 2015* 2030

Source: Minnesota State Demographic Center, “Minnesota Population Projections by Race and Hispanic Origin, 2000-2030," Jan. 2005; Council on Crime and Justice, “Justice, Where Art Thou? A Framework for the Future,” Oct. 2007; Minnesota Department of Finance, "Price of Government: State and Local Government Revenues are Forecast Through 2011," Jan. 2007. The size of government (or “price of government”) reﬂects state and local government revenue as a percent of personal income. The * denotes that the ﬁgure is for year 2011.

38 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD

ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 39 SUMMARY OF THE 2007 REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY

ɨF.JOOFTPUB-FHJTMBUJWF3FQPSU$BSEPO3BDJBM&RVJUZUSBDLFE the progress of 21 bills that were important to communities of color and American Indian communities. Fourteen of these bills made it to the governor’s desk and 13 made it into law. Overall, the bills set out to increase access, close race-based disparities, strengthen tribal sovereignty and strengthen enforcement against racial discrimination. Following is a summary of key ﬁndings.

REPORT CARD HIGHLIGHTS Four racial equity and tribal sovereignty bills gained bipartisan support. In-state Tuition for Undocumented Students. !is bill passed in the Senate and UIF)PVTFBQQSPWFE)' UIF%3&"."DU UPCFJODMVEFEJOUIFIJHIFSFEVDBUJPO omnibus bill. Preventing Racial Predatory Mortgage Lending. )PVTF'JMFQBTTFECZUIF )PVTFPOBWPUFPGZFBTBOEOJOFOBZTɨFDPNQBOJPOCJMM 4FOBUF'JMFXBT passed by the Senate. !is legislation is considered to be the toughest antipredatory mortgage lending policy in the country. Health Care Insurance for Children.)'QBTTFEJOUIF)PVTFBOEIBESPVHIMZ co-authors between both chambers. Protecting Wild Rice from Terminator Seeds.)'QBTTFEJOUIF)PVTFBOE Senate, the bill was signed by the governor. Minnesota is the ﬁrst state in the nation to enact such legislation.

RACIAL COMPOSITION OF LEGISLATIVE DISTRICTS An analysis of the data shows that the higher the percentage of constituents of color, the higher the percent of support for racial equity legislation. !ere are notable exceptions to this rule. Districts where whites are the majority. Whites are the majority in 65 Senate districts BOE)PVTFEJTUSJDUT5FOMFHJTMBUPSTGSPNUIFTFEJTUSJDUTNBEFUIFIPOPSSPMM SFDFJWFE BO"PS# 4FOBUPST4BUWFFS$IBVEIBSZ %'SJEMFZ 5POZ-PVSFZ %,FSSJDL 4UFWF %JMMF 3%BTTFM +PIO.BSUZ %3PTFWJMMF .JOEZ(SFJMJOH %3PTFWJMMF 4DPUU,SBO[ %#MBJOF BOE)PVTF3FQSFTFOUBUJWFT-JOEB4MPDVN %3JDImFME +PIO8BSE % #SBJOFSE /PSB4MBXJL %.BQMFXPPE &SJO.VSQIZ %4U1BVM -FHJTMBUPSTGSPN EJTUSJDUTSFDFJWFEBHSBEFPG$*UJTXPSUIOPUJOHUIBUPGUIFTFMFHJTMBUJWFEJTUSJDUTBSF represented by the Republican Party.

40 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY Districts where people of color are the majority. People of color are the majority in FJHIUMFHJTMBUJWFEJTUSJDUTTJYJOUIF)PVTFBOEUXPJOUIF4FOBUFɨFSFDPSEJTNJYFEJO terms of these districts boosting higher grades in support for racial equity legislation. In GBDU mWFEJTUSJDUTSFDFJWFEBHSBEFPG"PS#BOEUISFFEJTUSJDUTSFDFJWFEBHSBEFPG$PS% Districts are rapidly growing more racially diverse. !e following legislative districts have experienced the highest percentage of change in communities of color BOE"NFSJDBO*OEJBODPNNVOJUJFTCFUXFFOBOE# 8SJHIU$PVOUZ QFSDFOU " 4DPUU$PVOUZ QFSDFOU # 3FE-BLF$PVOUZ QFSDFOU # 4IFSCVSOF$PVOUZ QFSDFOU # $IJTBHP$PVOUZQFSDFOU " "OPLB$PVOUZ QFSDFOU # 8BTIJOHUPO$PVOUZ QFSDFOU " $BSWFS$PVOUZ QFSDFOU " *TBOUJ$PVOUZ QFSDFOU BOE" 1FOOJOHUPO$PVOUZ QFSDFOU 107 Greater Minnesota and suburban districts are growing rapidly more diverse.

TOWARDS AN EQUITABLE MULTIRACIAL MINNESOTA We are a multiracial state. !e face of Minnesota is changing rapidly but a racial fault line remains. Whether or not public policy explicitly focuses on race, the impact on communities of color has to be considered to ensure equitable outcomes. "e 2007 Minnesota Legislative Report Card on Racial Equity serves as a tool for Minnesota’s communities of color and their allies to determine whether policymakers are representing the concerns of our state, especially the concerns of people of color. It also serves as a tool to help communities and policymakers proactively draft legislation that will eliminate UIFSBDJBMGBVMUMJOFBOEGPTUFSGVUVSFXFBMUIBOEQSPTQFSJUZ$MFBSMZ XJUIPVUFYQMJDJU attention and commitment to racial equity, state spending will not only fail to strengthen the institutions we all need for shared prosperity. !ey will also fail to anticipate unequal outcomes and actually reinforce the racial fault line. We believe that Minnesota can stand up to its reputation as the state that works for inclusion and equity. Institutions and public policies that perpetuate disparities based on race can be challenged and transformed to produce equitable outcomes. Race-conscious policies that strengthen institutions that promote equity in Minnesota can be advanced. Simply put, our changing demographics and future viability require it.

ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 41 Grade: D

!e state legislature received a D in the ﬁrst year of the 2007–2008 biennium. !irteen of the 21 bills that were considered for this report became law; this gives the state legislature an overall score of 62 percent. Economic equity and American Indian tribal sovereignty bills had the greatest support, 100 QFSDFOU SFTQFDUGVMMZ4JYUZTFWFOQFSDFOU PGIFBMUIFRVJUZCJMMTNBEFJUJOUPMBX 'PSUZQFSDFOU PGFEVDBUJPOFRVJUZCJMMT QBTTFE)PXFWFS POMZQFSDFOU PGUIF civil rights and criminal justice bills passed. GRADING METHODOLOGY

STATE LEGISLATURE !e state legislature as a whole was given a grade based on the number of racial equity bills enacted into law out of the total number of bills considered for this report. !e HSBEJOHTZTUFNGPSUIFTUBUFMFHJTMBUVSFJODMVEFToQFSDFOUFRVBMTBO" FRVBMT B# FRVBMTB$BOEoFRVBMTB%#FMPXQFSDFOUFRVBUFTUPBO'"QMVTPS minus symbol on a grade indicates that the state legislature scored at the high or low end of a given range.

LEGISLATORS !e first five senators and first 10 house representatives—7 percent of each chamber—that TJHOFEPOUPBCJMMXFSFHJWFOQPJOUTCBTFEPOMFBEFSTIJQBTBVUIPSPSDPBVUIPS$IJFG authors of proactive racial equity policies were awarded 20 points and co-authors were awarded 10 points. $POWFSTFMZ DIJFGBVUIPSTPGCJMMTUIBUXPVMEBEWFSTFMZJNQBDUDPNNVOJUJFTPGDPMPS and American Indian communities were penalized by 20 points and their co-authors were penalized by 10 points. !e leadership points were then converted into a letter grade curve. Legislators that TDPSFEoQPJOUTXFSFBXBSEFEBO" oB# oB$ oB% CFMPXBO' !e letter grade reflects their leadership in either advancing or hindering racial equity and opportunity in the state. ɨFSFBSFUISFFSFBTPOTGPSUIJTHSBEJOHTZTUFN $PNCJOJOHOVNFSPVTQSPWJTJPOT into an omnibus bill is a widespread practice at the Minnesota State Legislature. Legislators then vote on the package of provisions. !is process limits our ability to judge whether a legislator voted specifically for racial equity bills that were considered for this report; (2) sometimes legislators who initiated strong racial equity bills voted against their own provision (when combined into an omnibus bill) because it was laid next to an antiracial equity provision; and (3) leadership and accountability matters for confronting and eliminating racial disparities. !e above concerns pointed to the need for encouraging legislators to lead and to be held accountable for shaping equitable policies. !ere is one major limitation of using this methodology. We have chosen to focus this report on proactive authorship of policies. We believe this is a bar in which the state legislature must meet. At the same time, we recognize that some legislative leaders focused their leadership on defeating legislation that would adversely impact communities of color. !is work is valuable, but it is not reflected in this report.

THE GOVERNOR !e governor received a grade based on his performance as the state’s highest elected official. !is position calls for using his power over the purse strings and legislation to invest in institutions that play a role in promoting equity and opportunity. In addition, this job description calls for ensuring that the state legislature does a good job on creating a brighter future for all Minnesotans. Simply put, if the state legislature does a good job, the governor does a good job. So the governor’s grade reflects the performance of the state legislature as a whole and fulfilling his responsibilities over purse strings and supporting equitable legislation.

ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 43 HOUSE EDUCATION EQUITY CIVIL RIGHTS & CRIMINAL JUSTICE ECONOMIC & WEALTH EQUITY HEALTH EQUITY AMERICAN INDIAN INSTITUTIONAL RACISM DISTRICT DEMOGRAPHICS (%)

LEADER AMERICAN MULTI- 2007 HOUSE DISTRICT GRADE SF 653 SF 907 SF 1856 SF 686 SF 1230 SF 984 SF 1551 SF 1297 SF 294 SF 279 SF 809 SF 879 SF 754 SF 1196 SF 15 SF 148 SF 102 SF 1048 SF 1791 SF 1925 SF 2103 SF 1059 SF 2095 API BLACK LATINO POC POINTS INDIAN RACIAL HF 722 HF 1198 HF 1698 HF 796 HF 981 HF 1438 HF 1496 HF 1546 HF 1548 HF 1380 HF 1004 HF 643 HF 920 HF 1205 HF 1 HF 196 HF 479 HF 1051 HF 2008 HF 2227 HF 1663 HF 1982 HF 241 Jim Abeler R-48B, Anoka C 30 0.8 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.3 6.1 Bruce Anderson R-19A, Buffalo Township 0 0.4 0.2 0.5 1.4 0.8 3.2 Sarah Anderson R-43A, Plymouth 0 0.4 4.2 2.8 1.7 1.3 10.3 Tom Anzelc D-03A, Balsam Township 0 1.6 0.2 0.3 0.5 1 3.6 Joe Atkins D-39B, Inver Grove Heights D 10 0.5 1.7 1.9 4.2 2 9.7 Michael Beard R-35A, Shakopee 0 1.5 1.7 1 2.9 1 8.1 John Benson D-43B, Minnetonka 0 0.4 2.3 2.7 1.3 1.2 7.6 John Berns R-33B, Wayzata 0 0.2 0.8 0.6 1.2 0.7 3.4 Karla Bigham D-57A, Cottage Grove 0 0.6 0.7 2 3.7 1.8 8.4 David Bly D-25B, Northﬁ eld C 20 0.6 1.4 0.5 3.3 1.1 6.5 Laura Brod R-25A, New Prague 0 0.4 0.3 0.2 3.4 0.8 4.9 Robin Brown D-27A, Albert Lea C 30 + 0.1 0.3 0.3 6 0.8 7.2 Kathy Brynaert D-23B, Mankato D 10 0.3 2.3 2 1.7 1.2 7.4 Mark Buesgens R-35B, Jordon F -10 0.4 3.1 0.8 1.9 1.1 7.1 Julie Bunn D-56A, Lake Elmo 0 0.7 2.5 2.8 2 1.9 9.5 Lyndon Carlson D-45B, Crystal 0 0.6 2.5 4.8 2.1 2 11.9 Karen Clark D-61A, Minneapolis A 80 + 6.9 5.7 24.5 19.8 8.1 62.7 Tony Cornish R-24B, Good Thunder 0 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.5 0.7 3.1 Jim Davnie D-62A, Minneapolis B 40 + 2.7 3.7 8.8 7.9 4.3 26.6 Matt Dean R-52B, Dellwood 0 0.1 1.1 0.3 1 0.6 3 Chris DeLaForest R-49A, Andover F -10 0.5 0.9 0.4 1.2 1.3 4.2 Randy Demmer R-29A, Hayﬁ eld 0 0.1 2.3 0.6 1.9 0.8 5.8 Bob Dettmer R-52A, Forest Lake 0 0.5 0.6 1.5 1.2 1.2 4.9 David Dill D-06A, Crane Lake 0 3 0.2 0.2 0.4 1.1 4.9 Denise Dittrich D-47A, Champlin 0 0.6 1.6 2.4 1.1 1 6.8 Augustine “Willie” D-58B, Minneapolis B 40 + 1.4 15.2 49.9 4.8 5.1 75.8 Dominguez Al Doty D-12B, Royalton 0 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.5 1.9 Rob Eastlund R-17A, Isanti 0 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.8 1 3 Kent Eken D-02A, Twin Valley C 30 9.9 0.5 0.1 1.2 3.3 14.8 Tom Emmer R-19B, Delano F -20 – 0.2 0.1 0.4 1 0.8 2.4 Ron Erhardt R-41A, Edina 0 0.4 1.7 0.9 1.3 1.3 5.6 Sondra Erickson R-16A, Princeton F -30 – 2.5 0.3 0.2 1.1 1 5 Tim Faust D-08B, Mora D 10 1.7 0.3 0.8 1.5 0.9 5.1 Brad Finstad R-21B, Comfrey F -10 0.4 0.4 0.3 3.4 0.6 4.9 Patti Fritz D-26B, Faribault C 30 0.4 1.2 1.4 5.9 1.4 9.6 Paul Gardner D-53A, Shoreview D 10 0.5 2.2 0.6 1.4 1.3 6.2 Pat Garofalo R-36B, Farmington 0 0.2 0.7 0.6 1.6 0.9 3.9 Steve Gottwalt R-15A, St. Cloud 0 0.6 2.6 1 1.5 1.6 7.1 Mindy Greiling D-54A, Roseville A 80 + 0.6 5.3 2.2 2.1 1.5 11.7 Bob Gunther R-24A, Fairmont D 10 0.5 0.6 0.3 5 0.6 6.5

+ = Authored; = Co-authored; – = Penalized Author; = Penalized Co-author; = Not Applicable

44 | 2007 LEGISLATIVETIVE REPOREPORTRT CACARDRD ON RARACIALCIAL EEQUITYQUITY ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 45 HOUSE EDUCATION EQUITY CIVIL RIGHTS & CRIMINAL JUSTICE ECONOMIC & WEALTH EQUITY HEALTH EQUITY AMERICAN INDIAN INSTITUTIONAL RACISM DISTRICT DEMOGRAPHICS (%)

✔+ = Authored; ✔= Co-authored; ✘– = Penalized Author; ✘= Penalized Co-author; ● = Not Applicable

44 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY ORGANIZINGORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIPAPPRENTICESHIP PROJECTPROJECT | 45 HOUSE EDUCATION EQUITY CIVIL RIGHTS & CRIMINAL JUSTICE ECONOMIC & WEALTH EQUITY HEALTH EQUITY AMERICAN INDIAN INSTITUTIONAL RACISM DISTRICT DEMOGRAPHICS (%)

LEADER AMERICAN MULTI- 2007 HOUSE DISTRICT GRADE SF 653 SF 907 SF 1856 SF 686 SF 1230 SF 984 SF 1551 SF 1297 SF 294 SF 279 SF 809 SF 879 SF 754 SF 1196 SF 15 SF 148 SF 102 SF 1048 SF 1791 SF 1925 SF 2103 SF 1059 SF 2095 API BLACK LATINO POC POINTS INDIAN RACIAL HF 722 HF 1198 HF 1698 HF 796 HF 981 HF 1438 HF 1496 HF 1546 HF 1548 HF 1380 HF 1004 HF 643 HF 920 HF 1205 HF 1 HF 196 HF 479 HF 1051 HF 2008 HF 2227 HF 1663 HF 1982 HF 241 Tom Hackbarth R-48A, Cedar F -10 0.6 0.4 0.3 1 1.1 3.3 Rod Hamilton R-22B, Mountain Lake D 10 0.4 3 0.9 7.1 1.2 11.8 Rick Hansen D-39A, South St. Paul C 30 + 0.3 2.5 1.8 7 2.1 12.6 Alice Hausman D-66B, St. Paul D 10 1.2 6.6 7.3 3.8 2.7 21 Larry Haws D-15B, St. Cloud D 10 0.8 2.6 2.2 1.2 1.8 8.6 Bud Heidgerken R-13A, Freeport C 20 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.3 0.3 1.9 Debra Hilstrom D-46B, Brooklyn Center D 10 0.4 10 12.4 3.1 3.2 28.6 Bill Hilty D-08A, Finlayson C 30 + 5.4 0.4 0.9 1 1.8 9.5 Mary Liz Holberg R-36A, Lakeville 0 0.5 1.9 1 1.2 1.7 6.4 Joe Hoppe R-34B, Chaska 0 0.2 2.1 0.9 3.9 1.1 7.9 Frank Hornstein D-60B, Minneapolis C 30 0.5 2.8 2.1 1.7 2.4 9.3 Melissa Hortman D-47B, Brooklyn Park 0 0.4 5.7 4.4 1.5 2.8 14.6 Larry Hosch D-14B, St. Joseph C 20 0.1 0.7 0.3 1.1 0.5 2.7 Larry Howes R-04B, Walker C 30 1.7 0.3 0.1 0.5 1 3.5 Thomas Huntley D-07A, Duluth D 10 1 1.5 1.5 0.9 1.5 6.5 Mike Jaros D-07B, Duluth 0 3.8 1.1 2 1.4 2.1 10.1 Sheldon Johnson D-67B, St. Paul B 40 + 1.3 13.2 13.6 7.8 4.8 39.3 Al Juhnke D-13B, Willmar C 30 + 0.2 0.3 0.8 8.8 1.3 10.5 Phyllis Kahn D-59B, Minneapolis B 40 0.9 10.2 12.8 4.1 4.7 32.2 Jeremy Kalin D-17B, Lindstrom 0 1 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.9 3.8 Margaret Anderson D-60A, Minneapolis 0 1.3 2.5 9.3 4.1 3.1 19.7 Kelliher Kate Knuth D-50B, New Brighton D 10 0.5 3.9 2.5 1.9 2.1 10.2 Lyle Koenen D-20B, Clara City 0 1.2 0.2 0.2 3.5 0.8 5.6 Paul Kohls R-34A, Victoria 0 0.2 0.9 0.3 2.5 0.8 4.4 Scott Kranz D-51A, Blaine B 40 + 1 2.4 1 1.7 2 7.5 Carolyn Laine D-50A, Columbia Heights 0 1.1 3.3 4.1 2.7 3.1 14.4 Morrie Lanning R-09A, Moorhead 0 1.3 1 0.6 4 2.1 8.8 Ann Lenczewski D-40B, Bloomington D 10 0.7 3.8 3.3 2 1.7 11.3 John Lesch D-66A, St. Paul C 30 + 1.3 22.8 14.6 9.3 5.5 51.6 Tina Liebling D-30A, Rochester D 10 0.6 5.4 4.1 4.2 2.5 16.5 Bernard Lieder D-01B, Crookston D 10 1 0.6 0.4 4.5 1.1 7.3 Leon Lillie D-55A, North St. Paul 0 0.6 3.6 2.3 2.7 2.5 11.1 Diane Loefﬂ er D-59A, Minneapolis 0 1.9 3.2 7.8 7 3.7 23.1 Shelley Madore D-37A, Apple Valley 0 0.3 3 2.2 2.2 1.8 9.1 Doug Magnus R-22A, Slayton 0 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.6 3.1 Tim Mahoney D-67A, St. Paul C 20 1.1 18.2 8.7 9.2 3.5 39.7 Carlos Mariani D-65B, St. Paul A 80 + + + 2 6.8 9.2 18.5 5.2 39.3 Paul Marquart D-09B, Dilworth 0 2.1 0.2 0.2 1.6 1 5.1 Sandra Masin D-38A, Eagan 0 0.8 4.7 4.3 2.3 3.2 15.2

+ = Authored; = Co-authored; – = Penalized Author; = Penalized Co-author; = Not Applicable

46 | 2007 LEGISLATIVETIVE REPOREPORTRT CACARDRD ON RARACIALCIAL EEQUITYQUITY ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 47 HOUSE EDUCATION EQUITY CIVIL RIGHTS & CRIMINAL JUSTICE ECONOMIC & WEALTH EQUITY HEALTH EQUITY AMERICAN INDIAN INSTITUTIONAL RACISM DISTRICT DEMOGRAPHICS (%)

LEADER AMERICAN MULTI- 2007 HOUSE DISTRICT GRADE SF 653 SF 907 SF 1856 SF 686 SF 1230 SF 984 SF 1551 SF 1297 SF 294 SF 279 SF 809 SF 879 SF 754 SF 1196 SF 15 SF 148 SF 102 SF 1048 SF 1791 SF 1925 SF 2103 SF 1059 SF 2095 API BLACK LATINO POC POINTS INDIAN RACIAL HF 722 HF 1198 HF 1698 HF 796 HF 981 HF 1438 HF 1496 HF 1546 HF 1548 HF 1380 HF 1004 HF 643 HF 920 HF 1205 HF 1 HF 196 HF 479 HF 1051 HF 2008 HF 2227 HF 1663 HF 1982 HF 241 Tom Hackbarth R-48A, Cedar F -10 0.6 0.4 0.3 1 1.1 3.3 Rod Hamilton R-22B, Mountain Lake D 10 0.4 3 0.9 7.1 1.2 11.8 Rick Hansen D-39A, South St. Paul C 30 + 0.3 2.5 1.8 7 2.1 12.6 Alice Hausman D-66B, St. Paul D 10 1.2 6.6 7.3 3.8 2.7 21 Larry Haws D-15B, St. Cloud D 10 0.8 2.6 2.2 1.2 1.8 8.6 Bud Heidgerken R-13A, Freeport C 20 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.3 0.3 1.9 Debra Hilstrom D-46B, Brooklyn Center D 10 0.4 10 12.4 3.1 3.2 28.6 Bill Hilty D-08A, Finlayson C 30 + 5.4 0.4 0.9 1 1.8 9.5 Mary Liz Holberg R-36A, Lakeville 0 0.5 1.9 1 1.2 1.7 6.4 Joe Hoppe R-34B, Chaska 0 0.2 2.1 0.9 3.9 1.1 7.9 Frank Hornstein D-60B, Minneapolis C 30 0.5 2.8 2.1 1.7 2.4 9.3 Melissa Hortman D-47B, Brooklyn Park 0 0.4 5.7 4.4 1.5 2.8 14.6 Larry Hosch D-14B, St. Joseph C 20 0.1 0.7 0.3 1.1 0.5 2.7 Larry Howes R-04B, Walker C 30 1.7 0.3 0.1 0.5 1 3.5 Thomas Huntley D-07A, Duluth D 10 1 1.5 1.5 0.9 1.5 6.5 Mike Jaros D-07B, Duluth 0 3.8 1.1 2 1.4 2.1 10.1 Sheldon Johnson D-67B, St. Paul B 40 + 1.3 13.2 13.6 7.8 4.8 39.3 Al Juhnke D-13B, Willmar C 30 + 0.2 0.3 0.8 8.8 1.3 10.5 Phyllis Kahn D-59B, Minneapolis B 40 0.9 10.2 12.8 4.1 4.7 32.2 Jeremy Kalin D-17B, Lindstrom 0 1 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.9 3.8 Margaret Anderson D-60A, Minneapolis 0 1.3 2.5 9.3 4.1 3.1 19.7 Kelliher Kate Knuth D-50B, New Brighton D 10 0.5 3.9 2.5 1.9 2.1 10.2 Lyle Koenen D-20B, Clara City 0 1.2 0.2 0.2 3.5 0.8 5.6 Paul Kohls R-34A, Victoria 0 0.2 0.9 0.3 2.5 0.8 4.4 Scott Kranz D-51A, Blaine B 40 + 1 2.4 1 1.7 2 7.5 Carolyn Laine D-50A, Columbia Heights 0 1.1 3.3 4.1 2.7 3.1 14.4 Morrie Lanning R-09A, Moorhead 0 1.3 1 0.6 4 2.1 8.8 Ann Lenczewski D-40B, Bloomington D 10 0.7 3.8 3.3 2 1.7 11.3 John Lesch D-66A, St. Paul C 30 + 1.3 22.8 14.6 9.3 5.5 51.6 Tina Liebling D-30A, Rochester D 10 0.6 5.4 4.1 4.2 2.5 16.5 Bernard Lieder D-01B, Crookston D 10 1 0.6 0.4 4.5 1.1 7.3 Leon Lillie D-55A, North St. Paul 0 0.6 3.6 2.3 2.7 2.5 11.1 Diane Loefﬂ er D-59A, Minneapolis 0 1.9 3.2 7.8 7 3.7 23.1 Shelley Madore D-37A, Apple Valley 0 0.3 3 2.2 2.2 1.8 9.1 Doug Magnus R-22A, Slayton 0 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.6 3.1 Tim Mahoney D-67A, St. Paul C 20 1.1 18.2 8.7 9.2 3.5 39.7 Carlos Mariani D-65B, St. Paul A 80 + + + 2 6.8 9.2 18.5 5.2 39.3 Paul Marquart D-09B, Dilworth 0 2.1 0.2 0.2 1.6 1 5.1 Sandra Masin D-38A, Eagan 0 0.8 4.7 4.3 2.3 3.2 15.2

✔+ = Authored; ✔= Co-authored; ✘– = Penalized Author; ✘= Penalized Co-author; ● = Not Applicable

46 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY ORGANIZINGORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIPAPPRENTICESHIP PROJECTPROJECT | 47 HOUSE EDUCATION EQUITY CIVIL RIGHTS & CRIMINAL JUSTICE ECONOMIC & WEALTH EQUITY HEALTH EQUITY AMERICAN INDIAN INSTITUTIONAL RACISM DISTRICT DEMOGRAPHICS (%)

LEADER AMERICAN MULTI- 2007 HOUSE DISTRICT GRADE SF 653 SF 907 SF 1856 SF 686 SF 1230 SF 984 SF 1551 SF 1297 SF 294 SF 279 SF 809 SF 879 SF 754 SF 1196 SF 15 SF 148 SF 102 SF 1048 SF 1791 SF 1925 SF 2103 SF 1059 SF 2095 API BLACK LATINO POC POINTS INDIAN RACIAL HF 722 HF 1198 HF 1698 HF 796 HF 981 HF 1438 HF 1496 HF 1546 HF 1548 HF 1380 HF 1004 HF 643 HF 920 HF 1205 HF 1 HF 196 HF 479 HF 1051 HF 2008 HF 2227 HF 1663 HF 1982 HF 241 Carol McFarlane R-53B, White Bear Lake D 10 0.1 2.1 1.1 1.3 0.7 5.2 Denny McNamara R-57B, Hastings D 10 0.3 1.1 1 1.5 1.1 4.8 Frank Moe D-04A, Bemidji B 40 + 16.7 1.1 0.3 1.1 2.3 21.2 Will Morgan D-40A, Burnsville D 10 0.8 4.2 3.6 3.1 2.3 14.1 Terry Morrow D-23A, St. Peter C 20 0.1 1.2 0.8 2.9 0.5 5.3 Joe Mullery D-58A, Minneapolis D 10 1.2 12.8 30.1 3.6 5.7 53.1 Mary Murphy D-06B, Hermantown 0 1 0.9 0.7 0.5 1 4.2 Erin Murphy D-64A, St. Paul B 40 + 0.5 2.9 6.7 2.7 3.4 15.7 Michael Nelson D-46A, Brooklyn Park D 10 0.9 8.6 19.5 3.9 4.4 37 Bud Nornes R-10A, Fergus Falls D 10 0.7 0.3 0.5 2.2 0.8 4.4 Kim Norton D-29B, Rochester C 30 + 0.4 5.6 3 1.4 1.7 12.1 Dave Olin D-01A, Thief River Falls 0 1 1.2 0.3 0.7 0.7 3.8 Mark Olson R-16B, Big Lake F -10 0.3 0.5 0.1 1.1 0.5 2.6 Mary Ellen Otremba D-11B, Long Prairie D 10 0.5 0.4 0.2 1.5 0.8 3.4 Dennis Ozment R-37B, Rosemount C 20 0.4 1.8 2.1 2.2 3 9.3 Erik Paulsen R-42B, Eden Prairie 0 0.2 5.8 2.3 2 1.3 11.6 Michael Paymar D-64B, St. Paul C 30 0.5 2.6 2.7 4.1 2.2 11.7 Gene Pelowski Jr. D-31A, Winona D 10 0.3 1.7 0.8 1.3 1.3 5 Joyce Peppin R-32A, Rogers F -10 0.3 1.9 1 0.8 1.1 5 Aaron Peterson D-20A, Appleton 0 0.2 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.3 4 Neil W. Peterson R-41B, Bloomington 0 0.3 5.1 2 1.1 1.4 10 Sandra Peterson D-45A, New Hope D 10 0.4 3.3 4.4 3.2 2.2 13.5 Jeanne Poppe D-27B, Austin 0 0.3 1.3 0.6 4.2 0.7 6.7 Tom Rukavina D-05A, Virginia C 30 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.7 1 3.8 Connie Ruth R-26A, Owatonna 0 0.4 0.7 1.9 4.1 1.4 8.3 Maria Ruud D-42A, Minnetonka D 10 0.4 2.6 1.4 1.1 1.2 6.6 Brita Sailer D-02B, Park Rapids C 20 15.2 0.6 0.1 0.8 1.4 18 Bev Scalze D-54B, Little Canada D 10 0.5 4.1 2.5 1.3 2 10.1 Marty Seifert R-21A, Marshall 0 1.8 1.4 0.9 3 1 7.7 Anthony “Tony” Sertich D-05B, Chisholm D 10 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.9 2.9 Dan Severson R-14A, Sauk Rapids F -10 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.6 1 2.5 Ron Shimanski R-18A, Silver Lake 0 0.2 0.6 0.2 3.1 0.5 4.4 Steve Simon D-44A, St. Louis Park C 20 + 0.6 3.8 4.9 4.1 1.6 14.8 Dean Simpson R-10B, Perham 0 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.5 2.4 Nora Slawik D-55B, Maplewood B 40 + 0.3 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.4 10.3 Linda Slocum D-63B, Richﬁ eld B 50 0.7 7 7 5.7 3.4 22.7 Steve Smith R-33A, Mound 0 0.2 1.3 0.5 1.1 0.8 3.8 Loren Solberg D-03B, Grand Rapids 0 1.7 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.9 3.7 Steve Sviggum R-28B, Kenyon F -10 0.3 0.6 0.4 1.1 0.7 3.1

+ = Authored; = Co-authored; – = Penalized Author; = Penalized Co-author; = Not Applicable

48 | 2007 LEGISLATIVETIVE REPOREPORTRT CACARDRD ON RARACIALCIAL EEQUITYQUITY ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 49 HOUSE EDUCATION EQUITY CIVIL RIGHTS & CRIMINAL JUSTICE ECONOMIC & WEALTH EQUITY HEALTH EQUITY AMERICAN INDIAN INSTITUTIONAL RACISM DISTRICT DEMOGRAPHICS (%)

LEADER AMERICAN MULTI- 2007 HOUSE DISTRICT GRADE SF 653 SF 907 SF 1856 SF 686 SF 1230 SF 984 SF 1551 SF 1297 SF 294 SF 279 SF 809 SF 879 SF 754 SF 1196 SF 15 SF 148 SF 102 SF 1048 SF 1791 SF 1925 SF 2103 SF 1059 SF 2095 API BLACK LATINO POC POINTS INDIAN RACIAL HF 722 HF 1198 HF 1698 HF 796 HF 981 HF 1438 HF 1496 HF 1546 HF 1548 HF 1380 HF 1004 HF 643 HF 920 HF 1205 HF 1 HF 196 HF 479 HF 1051 HF 2008 HF 2227 HF 1663 HF 1982 HF 241 Carol McFarlane R-53B, White Bear Lake D 10 0.1 2.1 1.1 1.3 0.7 5.2 Denny McNamara R-57B, Hastings D 10 0.3 1.1 1 1.5 1.1 4.8 Frank Moe D-04A, Bemidji B 40 + 16.7 1.1 0.3 1.1 2.3 21.2 Will Morgan D-40A, Burnsville D 10 0.8 4.2 3.6 3.1 2.3 14.1 Terry Morrow D-23A, St. Peter C 20 0.1 1.2 0.8 2.9 0.5 5.3 Joe Mullery D-58A, Minneapolis D 10 1.2 12.8 30.1 3.6 5.7 53.1 Mary Murphy D-06B, Hermantown 0 1 0.9 0.7 0.5 1 4.2 Erin Murphy D-64A, St. Paul B 40 + 0.5 2.9 6.7 2.7 3.4 15.7 Michael Nelson D-46A, Brooklyn Park D 10 0.9 8.6 19.5 3.9 4.4 37 Bud Nornes R-10A, Fergus Falls D 10 0.7 0.3 0.5 2.2 0.8 4.4 Kim Norton D-29B, Rochester C 30 + 0.4 5.6 3 1.4 1.7 12.1 Dave Olin D-01A, Thief River Falls 0 1 1.2 0.3 0.7 0.7 3.8 Mark Olson R-16B, Big Lake F -10 0.3 0.5 0.1 1.1 0.5 2.6 Mary Ellen Otremba D-11B, Long Prairie D 10 0.5 0.4 0.2 1.5 0.8 3.4 Dennis Ozment R-37B, Rosemount C 20 0.4 1.8 2.1 2.2 3 9.3 Erik Paulsen R-42B, Eden Prairie 0 0.2 5.8 2.3 2 1.3 11.6 Michael Paymar D-64B, St. Paul C 30 0.5 2.6 2.7 4.1 2.2 11.7 Gene Pelowski Jr. D-31A, Winona D 10 0.3 1.7 0.8 1.3 1.3 5 Joyce Peppin R-32A, Rogers F -10 0.3 1.9 1 0.8 1.1 5 Aaron Peterson D-20A, Appleton 0 0.2 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.3 4 Neil W. Peterson R-41B, Bloomington 0 0.3 5.1 2 1.1 1.4 10 Sandra Peterson D-45A, New Hope D 10 0.4 3.3 4.4 3.2 2.2 13.5 Jeanne Poppe D-27B, Austin 0 0.3 1.3 0.6 4.2 0.7 6.7 Tom Rukavina D-05A, Virginia C 30 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.7 1 3.8 Connie Ruth R-26A, Owatonna 0 0.4 0.7 1.9 4.1 1.4 8.3 Maria Ruud D-42A, Minnetonka D 10 0.4 2.6 1.4 1.1 1.2 6.6 Brita Sailer D-02B, Park Rapids C 20 15.2 0.6 0.1 0.8 1.4 18 Bev Scalze D-54B, Little Canada D 10 0.5 4.1 2.5 1.3 2 10.1 Marty Seifert R-21A, Marshall 0 1.8 1.4 0.9 3 1 7.7 Anthony “Tony” Sertich D-05B, Chisholm D 10 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.9 2.9 Dan Severson R-14A, Sauk Rapids F -10 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.6 1 2.5 Ron Shimanski R-18A, Silver Lake 0 0.2 0.6 0.2 3.1 0.5 4.4 Steve Simon D-44A, St. Louis Park C 20 + 0.6 3.8 4.9 4.1 1.6 14.8 Dean Simpson R-10B, Perham 0 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.5 2.4 Nora Slawik D-55B, Maplewood B 40 + 0.3 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.4 10.3 Linda Slocum D-63B, Richﬁ eld B 50 0.7 7 7 5.7 3.4 22.7 Steve Smith R-33A, Mound 0 0.2 1.3 0.5 1.1 0.8 3.8 Loren Solberg D-03B, Grand Rapids 0 1.7 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.9 3.7 Steve Sviggum R-28B, Kenyon F -10 0.3 0.6 0.4 1.1 0.7 3.1

✔+ = Authored; ✔= Co-authored; ✘– = Penalized Author; ✘= Penalized Co-author; ● = Not Applicable

48 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY ORGANIZINGORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIPAPPRENTICESHIP PROJECTPROJECT | 49 HOUSE EDUCATION EQUITY CIVIL RIGHTS & CRIMINAL JUSTICE ECONOMIC & WEALTH EQUITY HEALTH EQUITY AMERICAN INDIAN INSTITUTIONAL RACISM DISTRICT DEMOGRAPHICS (%)

+ = Authored; = Co-authored; – = Penalized Author; = Penalized Co-author; = Not Applicable

50 | 2007 LEGISLATIVETIVE REPOREPORTRT CACARDRD ON RARACIALCIAL EEQUITYQUITY ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 51 HOUSE EDUCATION EQUITY CIVIL RIGHTS & CRIMINAL JUSTICE ECONOMIC & WEALTH EQUITY HEALTH EQUITY AMERICAN INDIAN INSTITUTIONAL RACISM DISTRICT DEMOGRAPHICS (%)

✔+ = Authored; ✔= Co-authored; ✘– = Penalized Author; ✘= Penalized Co-author; ● = Not Applicable

+ = Authored; = Co-authored; – = Penalized Author; = Penalized Co-author; = Not Applicable

50 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY ORGANIZINGORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIPAPPRENTICESHIP PROJECTPROJECT | 51 SENATE EDUCATION EQUITY CIVIL RIGHTS & CRIMINAL JUSTICE ECON LEADER 2007 SENATE DISTRICT GRADE SF 653 SF 907 SF 1856 SF 686 SF 1230 SF 984 SF 1551 SF 1297 SF 294 SF 279 SF 809 POINTS HF 722 HF 1198 HF 1698 HF 796 HF 981 HF 1438 HF 1496 HF 1546 HF 1548 HF 1380 HF 1004 Ellen Anderson D-66, St. Paul C 30 Thomas Bakk D-6, Cook 0 Linda Berglin D-61, Minneapolis B 40 Don Betzold D-51, Fridley C 20 Terri Bonoff D-43, Minnetonka C 20 Jim Carlson D-39, Eagan 0 Satveer Chaudhary D-50, Fridley B 40 Tarryl Clark D-15, St. Cloud D 10 Richard Cohen D-64, St. Paul D 10 Dick Day R-26, Owatonna 0

Scott Dibble D-60, Minneapolis D 10

Steve Dille R-18, Dassel B 40

John P. Doll D-40, Burnsville 0 Sharon Erickson D-31, Winona C 20 Ropes Michelle Fishbach R-14, Paynesville 0 Leo Foley D-47, Coon Rapids 0 Dennis Frederickson R-21, New Ulm 0 Chris Gerlach R-37, Apple Valley F -10

Joe Gimse R-13, Willmar 0 David Hann R-42, Eden Prairie 0

Linda Higgins D-58, Minneapolis B 50 + Bill G. Ingebrigtsen R-11, Alexandria F -20

Debbie Johnson R-49, Ham Lake 0 Michael Jungbauer R-48, East Bethel C 30 Amy Koch R-19, Buffalo 0 Paul Koering R-12, Fort Ripley C 30

Gary Kubly D-20, Granite Falls D 10

Keith Langseth D-9, Glyndon 0

Dan Larson D-63, Bloomington C 20 + Ron Latz D-44, St. Louis Park 0 Warren Limmer R-32, Maple Grove F -10

Tony Lourey D-8, Kerrick B 40

Ann Lynch D-30, Rochester C 20 + John Marty D-54, Roseville A 60 James Metzen D-39, South St. Paul C 30 Geoff Michel R-41, Edina C 20

Mee Moua D-67, St. Paul A 70 + + +

52 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY SENATE EDUCATION EQUITY CIVIL RIGHTS & CRIMINAL JUSTICE ECONOMIC & WEALTH EQUITY HEALTH EQUITY AMERICAN INDIAN INSTITUTIONAL RACISM DISTRICT DEMOGRAPHICS (%)

LEADER AMERICAN MULTI- 2007 SENATE DISTRICT GRADE SF 653 SF 907 SF 1856 SF 686 SF 1230 SF 984 SF 1551 SF 1297 SF 294 SF 279 SF 809 SF 879 SF 754 SF 1196 SF 15 SF 148 SF 102 SF 1048 SF 1791 SF 1925 SF 2103 SF 1059 SF 2095 API BLACK LATINO POC POINTS INDIAN RACIAL HF 722 HF 1198 HF 1698 HF 796 HF 981 HF 1438 HF 1496 HF 1546 HF 1548 HF 1380 HF 1004 HF 643 HF 920 HF 1205 HF 1 HF 196 HF 479 HF 1051 HF 2008 HF 2227 HF 1663 HF 1982 HF 241 Ellen Anderson D-66, St. Paul C 30 1.3 15 10.9 6.5 4.1 36.3 Thomas Bakk D-6, Cook 0 2 0.6 0.4 0.5 1.1 4.6 Linda Berglin D-61, Minneapolis B 40 4.5 5.9 26.7 20.3 7.5 62.5 Don Betzold D-51, Fridley C 20 1 2.5 1.5 2.2 2.1 8.9 Terri Bonoff D-43, Minnetonka D 0.4 3.2 2.7 1.5 1.3 9 Jim Carlson D-39, Eagan 0 0.5 4.5 4.1 2.1 2.5 13.6

Satveer Chaudhary D-50, Fridley B 40 + 0.8 3.5 3.3 2.3 2.6 12.3 Tarryl Clark D-15, St. Cloud D 10 0.7 2.6 1.6 1.3 1.7 7.8 Richard Cohen D-64, St. Paul D 10 0.5 2.8 4.7 3.4 2.8 13.7 Dick Day R-26, Owatonna 0 0.4 1 1.7 5 1.4 9

Scott Dibble D-60, Minneapolis D 10 0.9 2.7 5.7 2.9 2.8 14.5 Steve Dille R-18, Dassel B 40 0.3 0.5 0.2 2.3 0.5 3.6 John P. Doll D-40, Burnsville 0 0.7 4.1 3.4 2.6 2 12.7 Sharon Erickson D-31, Winona C 20 0.2 1 0.5 1 0.9 3.4 Ropes Michelle Fishbach R-14, Paynesville 0 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.9 0.7 2.6 Leo Foley D-47, Coon Rapids 0 0.5 3.6 3.4 1.3 1.9 10.7 Dennis Frederickson R-21, New Ulm 0 1.1 0.9 0.6 3.2 0.8 6.3 Chris Gerlach R-37, Apple Valley F -10 0.4 2.4 2.1 2.2 2.5 9.2 Joe Gimse R-13, Willmar 0 0.1 0.2 0.5 5 0.8 6.2 David Hann R-42, Eden Prairie 0 0.3 4.2 1.9 1.5 1.3 9.1

Linda Higgins D-58, Minneapolis B 50 + 1.3 14 40 4.2 5.4 64.5

Bill G. Ingebrigtsen R-11, Alexandria F -20 – 0.4 0.3 0.4 1.1 0.7 2.8 Debbie Johnson R-49, Ham Lake 0 0.5 1.4 1 1.4 1.5 5.6

Michael Jungbauer R-48, East Bethel C 30 + 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.3 1.2 4.7 Amy Koch R-19, Buffalo 0 0.3 0.2 0.4 1.2 0.8 2.8 Paul Koering R-12, Fort Ripley C 30 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.6 2.5 Gary Kubly D-20, Granite Falls D 10 0.7 0.6 0.4 2.4 1 4.8 Keith Langseth D-9, Glyndon 0 1.7 0.6 0.4 2.8 1.6 6.9

Dan Larson D-63, Bloomington C 20 + 0.5 5.1 6.4 4.9 2.8 19.1 Ron Latz D-44, St. Louis Park 0 0.5 3.7 4.5 3.3 1.8 13.7 Warren Limmer R-32, Maple Grove F -10 0.3 1.9 1.1 1.1 1.2 5.4

Tony Lourey D-8, Kerrick B 40 + 3.5 0.4 0.8 1.3 1.4 7.3

Ann Lynch D-30, Rochester C 20 + 0.3 3.4 2.5 2.8 1.8 10.6

John Marty D-54, Roseville A 60 + + 0.5 4.7 2.4 1.7 1.7 10.9

James Metzen D-39, South St. Paul C 30 + 0.4 2.1 1.9 5.6 2.1 11.1 Geoff Michel R-41, Edina C 20 0.3 3.4 1.5 1.2 1.4 7.7

Mee Moua D-67, St. Paul A 70 + + + 1.2 15.5 11.1 8.5 4.1 39.5

+ = Authored; = Co-authored; – = Penalized Author; = Penalized Co-author; = Not Applicable

52 | 2007 LEGISLATIVE REPORT CARD ON RACIAL EQUITY ORGANIZINGORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIPAPPRENTICESHIP PROJECTPROJECT | 53 SENATE EDUCATION EQUITY CIVIL RIGHTS & CRIMINAL JUSTICE ECONOMIC & WEALTH EQUITY HEALTH EQUITY AMERICAN INDIAN INSTITUTIONAL RACISM DISTRICT DEMOGRAPHICS (%)

LEADER AMERICAN MULTI- 2007 SENATE DISTRICT GRADE SF 653 SF 907 SF 1856 SF 686 SF 1230 SF 984 SF 1551 SF 1297 SF 294 SF 279 SF 809 SF 879 SF 754 SF 1196 SF 15 SF 148 SF 102 SF 1048 SF 1791 SF 1925 SF 2103 SF 1059 SF 2095 API BLACK LATINO POC POINTS INDIAN RACIAL HF 722 HF 1198 HF 1698 HF 796 HF 981 HF 1438 HF 1496 HF 1546 HF 1548 HF 1380 HF 1004 HF 643 HF 920 HF 1205 HF 1 HF 196 HF 479 HF 1051 HF 2008 HF 2227 HF 1663 HF 1982 HF 241 Steve Murphy D-28, Red Wing D 10 1 0.6 0.5 1.1 0.6 3.7 Thomas Neuville R-25, Northﬁ eld C 20 0.5 0.9 0.4 3.3 0.9 5.7 Rick E. Olseen D-17, Harris 0 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.9 3.4 Mary Olson D-4, Beltrami County C 30 9.2 0.7 0.2 0.8 1.6 12.4 Gen Olson R-33, Minnetrista 0 0.2 1 0.5 1.1 0.8 3.6

Julianne Ortman R-34, Chanhassen C 30 + 0.2 1.5 0.6 3.2 0.9 6.2

Sandra Pappas D-65, St. Paul A 60 + + 1.8 16.4 17.7 12.8 6 53 Pat Pariseau R-36, Farmington F -10 0.3 1.3 0.8 1.4 1.3 5.1 Lawrence Pogemiller D-59, Minneapolis D 10 1.4 6.7 10.3 5.5 4.2 27.7

Yvonne Prettner- D-7, Duluth C 30 + 2.4 1.4 1.7 1.1 1.8 8.3 Solon Ann Rest D-45, New Hope D 10 0.5 3 4.6 2.6 2.1 12.7 Claire Robling R-35, Jordan D 10 1 2.4 0.9 2.4 1.1 7.6 Julie Rosen R-24, Fairmont C 30 0.4 0.4 0.4 3.2 0.7 4.8

Sandy Rummel D-53, White Bear Lake C 30 + 0.3 2.1 0.9 1.3 1 5.7 Kathy Saltzman D-56, Woodbury D 10 0.5 3.8 2.4 2.2 2 10.5 Tom Saxhaug D-3, Grand Rapids 0 1.6 0.2 0.3 0.6 1 3.6

Linda Scheid D-46, Brooklyn Park C 30 + 0.6 9.3 15.9 3.5 3.8 32.8 David Senjem R-29, Rochester 0 0.2 4 0.8 1.7 1.3 8.9 Kathy Sheran D-23, Mankato D 10 0.2 1.7 1.4 2.3 0.8 6.3 Katie Sieben D-57, Newport D 10 0.4 0.9 1.5 2.6 1.5 6.6 Rod Skoe D-2, Clearbrook D 10 12.6 0.6 0.1 1 2.3 16.4 Dan Skogen D-10, Hewitt C 20 0.6 0.3 0.4 1.6 0.7 3.4 Dan Sparks D-27, Austin C 20 0.2 0.8 0.5 5.1 0.7 7

LeRoy Stumpf D-1, Thief River Falls F -20 – 1 0.8 0.3 2.6 0.9 5.6 David Tomassoni D-5, Chisholm 0 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.9 3.3

Patricia Torres Ray D-62, Minneapolis B 40 + + 2.1 3.3 7.7 6.3 3.8 22.6 Ray Vandeveer R-52, Forest Lake D 10 0.3 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.9 4

Jim Vickerman D-22, Tracy C 20 + 0.4 1.8 0.7 4 0.9 7.4 Betsy Wergin R-16, Princeton D 10 1.4 0.4 0.2 1.1 0.8 3.8 Charles Wiger D-55, North St. Paul 0 0.5 3.1 2.5 2.7 2.4 10.7

+ = Authored; = Co-authored; – = Penalized Author; = Penalized Co-author; = Not Applicable

54 | 2007 LEGISLATIVETIVE REPOREPORTRT CACARDRD ON RARACIALCIAL EEQUITYQUITY ORGANIZING APPRENTICESHIP PROJECT | 55 SENATE EDUCATION EQUITY CIVIL RIGHTS & CRIMINAL JUSTICE ECONOMIC & WEALTH EQUITY HEALTH EQUITY AMERICAN INDIAN INSTITUTIONAL RACISM DISTRICT DEMOGRAPHICS (%)