Production of Biodiesel Using Waste Temple Oil from Shani Shingnapur Temple (Dist
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-2, Issue-1, Jan-Feb- 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/2.1.56 ISSN: 2456-1878 Production of Biodiesel using waste temple oil from Shani Shingnapur temple (Dist. Ahmednagar), Maharashtra, India using chemical and biological methods Madhumeeta Chadha1, Priyanka Desai1, Ashwini Tambe2, Sulabha B.Deokar1, Kshitija Mutalik1* 1Department of Biotechnology, NowrosjeeWadia College, Affiliated to SavitribaiPhule Pune University, India 2Department of Zoology, NowrosjeeWadia College, Affiliated to SavitribaiPhule Pune University, India Abstract—In India, due to various mythological and methanol or ethanol, with fat or oil (triglyceride) to form religious reasons hundreds of devotees pour oil over the glycerol (glycerin) and the esters of long chain fatty acids. idols in Hanuman or Maruti and Shani temples. The oil Biodiesel is “a substitute for, or an additive to diesel fuel once poured cannot be reutilized and was ultimately that is derived from the oils and fats of plants and wasted. These waste temple oil from Shani animals”. Increasing uncertainty about global energy Shingnapurwas used to produce biodiesel. Immobilized production and supply, environmental concerns due to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used to catalyze use of fossil fuels, and the high price of petroleum transesterification of waste temple oil. The cells of products are the major reasons to search for alternatives to P.aeruginosa were immobilized within the sodium petro-diesel. Moreover, biodiesel fuel has become more alginate. Biodiesel production and its applications were attractive because of its environmental benefits due to the gaining popularity in recent years due to decreased fact that plants and waste temple oils and animal fats are petroleum based reserves. Biodiesel cost formed from renewable biomass sources. Biodiesel represents a largely waste temple oil was higher than that of fossil fuel, closed carbon dioxide cycle (approximately 78%), as it is because of high raw material cost.To decrease the cost of derived from renewable biomass sources. Compared to biofuel, waste temple oil was used as alternative as petroleum diesel, biodiesel has lower emission of feedstock. It has lower emission of pollutants; it is pollutants,it is biodegradable and enhances the engine biodegradable and enhances engine lubricity. Waste lubricity and contributes to sustainability. Use of temple oil contains triglycerides that were used for (unprocessed) waste temple oil in the compression biodiesel production by chemical and biological ignition engines is reported to cause several problems due method.Transesterification reaction of oil produces to its high viscosity. Biodiesel which is used as an methyl esters that are substitutes for fatty acid alkyl attractive alternative fuel, is prepared by biodiesel fuel. Characteristics of oil were studied such as transesterification of waste temple oils with an methanol specific gravity, viscosity, acid number, saponification in presence of a catalyst. The use of waste temple oil as number.Parameters such as temperature,oil: methanol biodiesel feedstock reduces the cost of biodiesel ratio were studied and 88%, 96% of biodiesel yield was production since the feedstock costs constitutes obtained with effect of temperature and oil: methanol approximately 70-95% of the overall cost of biodiesel ratio on transesterification reaction. Withaddition production. Hence, the use of waste temple oil should be ofNaOH or KOH to fatty acids which formed salt known given higher priority over the edible oils as biodiesel as soap,which is excellent emulsifying and cleaning feedstock. [6] Small amount of biodiesel can be used to agents. add in low sulphur formulation of diesel to increase the Keywords— Biodiesel, catalyst, immobilization, lubricating capacity that is lost when sulphur is removed. trasnesterification. 1.1 Petrodiesel is an hydrocarbon mixture, considered to be a fuel oil and 18% denser than gasoline. It I. INTRODUCTION contains higher quantities of sulphur,reduction in Biodiesel is defined as a fuel composed of mono-alkyl level of sulphur is required in diesel fuels. Higher esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable concentration of sulphur in diesel are harmful for oils or animal fats[24].A mono-alkyl ester is the product environment. To control the diesel particulate of the reaction of a straight chain methanol, such as emission, used nitrogen oxide adsorbers to reduce www.ijeab.com Page | 443 International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-2, Issue-1, Jan-Feb- 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/2.1.56 ISSN: 2456-1878 emissions. Forlubrication of engine addition of 1.5 Chemical composition of biodiesel sulphur is important. Lowering the content of It consist of alkyl usually methyl esters. It has sulphurreduces lubricity of the fuel. combustion properties similar to regular diesel. Chemical formula for diesel fuel is C12H26. Biodiesel 1.2 Advantages of biodiesel is derived from waste temple oils such as Renewable fuel, obtained from waste temple oils or triglycerides which are esters of glycerol with fatty animal fats.low toxicity, in comparison with diesel acids. fuel degrades more rapidly than diesel fuel, Classification of biodiesel: According to the various minimizing the environmental consequences sources used in the production of biodiesel, the ofbiofuel spills.Lower emissions of contaminants like following classes exists as: carbon monoxide, particulate matter, Primary: Waste temple oil polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes.It Secondary: Feedstock- sunflower, canola, soya bean lowers health risk, due to reduced emissions of Tertiary: Algae carcinogenic substances. No sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions occur. It may be blended with diesel fuel at 1.6 CHEMICAL METHOD any proportion; both fuels may be mixed during Transesterificationrefers to the reaction of an ester thefuel supply to vehicles.Excellent properties as a group with anmethanol that has a structuredifferent to lubricant.It is the only alternative fuel that can be that of the original methanol moiety of the ester, such used in a conventional diesel engine, that a new ester group is formedin which the original withoutmodifications. Used cooking oils and fat methanol moiety is exchanged with that of the residues from meat processing may be used as raw reacting methanol. In the case ofthe materials. transesterification of triglycerides of fatty acids (waste temple oil) with methanol (classical/biodiesel 1.3 Use of Biodiesel all over the world production process), the three ester groups of a Many international automobile companies have triglyceride molecule in which threefatty acid started manufacturing cars that are compatible with moieties are attached to a single methanol moiety biodiesel. These cars run on various blends of (i.e. glycerol) react with threemolecules of methanol biodiesel. The companies include Chevy, to yield three molecules of esters each containing Volkswagen, Mercedes-Benzes. Recent news single fatty acid andmethanol moieties and one suggests that, various railway trains present in United molecule of glycerol. Therefore, the general chemical Kingdom have started to use biodiesel as its fuel name ofbiodiesel produced by the transesterification source. Disney land has also started employing of waste temple oil is fatty acid methyl biodiesel for running of its internal tracts. United esters.Methanol is commonly used in industrial States was the first country to run entire flight biodiesel production as a result of its relatively duration of an airplane solely on biodiesel. This has lowcost and easy availability. The classical reaction encouraged other nations to followsuit. protocol for the transesterification of triglycerideswith methanol using homogeneous 1.4 Source used for biodiesel production catalysts such as Sodium methoxide requires mixing The source of oil used for production of biodiesel is andstirring the reagents in a batch reactor. At the end 'waste temple oil'collected from‘Shani’ of the reaction, the non-polar phase containingthe templefromShaniShingnapur, Taluka.Newasa, ester and the polar phase containing glycerol and District.Ahmednagar,Maharashtra, India methanol are separated to recover theproducts, havingLatitude 19.381°N,Longitude 74.85°E. catalyst, and the excess of methanol. The tranesterification reaction is given below [11]. www.ijeab.com Page | 444 International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-2, Issue-1, Jan-Feb- 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/2.1.56 ISSN: 2456-1878 1.6.1 Parameters affecting biodiesel production: be based onthe balance between simplified upstream It is necessary to mention some important process operations (intracellular) and high variables of biodiesel production fromwaste temple oils conversions(extracellular). Both types can be such as the methanol/oil ratio, reaction time, mixing immobilized for use without a need for downstream intensity, temperature andcatalysts used. operations.Moreover, immobilized enzymes are generally more expensive than chemical catalysts. a. Temperature and time [12] Typically, the transesterification reaction is Domain Bacteria complete within around 1 hr using a methanol/oil Phylum Proteobacteria Molar ratio of 6:1 at a reaction temperature of Class Gamma proteobacteria 60ºC. Order Pseudomonadales b. Oil : methanol ratio Family Pseudomonadaceae The molar ratio of methanol to triglycerides is an Genus Pseudomonas