G az e tt e T u lliana SOCIETE INTERNATIONALE DES AMIS DE CICERON INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF CICERO'S FRIENDS SOCIETÀ INTERNAZIONALE DEGLI AMICI DI CICERONE ANNEE 3, NUMERO 2, ÉTE-AUTOMNE 2011 - ISSN 2102-653X

AGAINST HUMAN CICERO AND BOCCACCIO: NEW PERSPECTIVES OF RESEARCH STUPIDITY Dear members, our Society has Paasche Grudin, Michaela & Grudin, suffered significant setbacks with Robert, Boccaccio's Decameron and the hacking. We complained to the Ciceronian Renaissance, to be published Italian police and the investigation by Palgrave Macmillan in 2012. is ongoing. The result of this misa- dventure is that we have lost data. It was necessary to seize them a- gain. Above all, the technicians of Readers of Boccaccio’s Decameron have long been troubled by a the company Step.init had to daunting array of interpretive challenges : Boccaccio’s apparently rebuild part of the site structure. This fight against stupidity cost us inconsistent treatment of women, his general espousal of mutually a lot of energy and - it is not contradictory viewpoints, and his book’s apparent lack of the- incidental - an important part of matic development. Even individual sections of the great work, our budget. The management team like his Preface, his opening description of the plague in Florence, of the SIAC is aware that this the key tales of Ciappelletto and Griselda, and the canzoni sung at thorny situation had for main con- the end of each Day, have caused critical confusion, debate and sequence to put our scientific and educational activities in dormancy. frustration. These problems are, if anything, intensified by our Let there be no misunderstanding: awareness of Boccaccio’s penchant for allegory and his opening we are more determined than ever description of his 100 novelle as “parables” or “fables.” In their to enforce our Society and our site. new book-length manuscript, Boccaccio’s Decameron and the Here is the proof: you will soon re- Ciceronian Renaissance, Michaela Paasche Grudin and Robert ceive on your email box a Grudin demonstrate that the solution to these conundra may be newsletter. To make our job easier we decided to sign up directly for found in Boccaccio’s appropriation of Ciceronian social theory as you to this new device of voiced especially in Cicero’s De inventione and his later books, information. Obviously, you keep De legibus, De re publica and De officiis. Using these and other your freedom: you can cancel the Ciceronian works, the Grudins show that Boccaccio’s puzzling subscription from the first message masterpiece takes on organic consistency when viewed as an by clicking a link ad hoc. This early modern adaptation of a pre-Christian, humanistic vision. listing of all the members will take Please, note that Mrs and Mr Grudin hope that they can find a time. For those of you who want to help us, nothing is more simple: go way of sharing their research with members of our Society. Do to the website tulliana.eu and click not hesitate to contact them directly ([email protected]). on Newsletter, located at the Philippe Rousselot (tr. by T. Frazel) bottom of the left column. Just put your name and email address. This newsletter will complement our RULES FOR SUBMITTING Tulliana Gazette. It will inform our community of the diverse novelties PAPERS TO THE GAZETTE concerning our SIAC - including scientific activity of members - and Articles should be sent as e-mail attachments to the address contri- the current works in the ciceronian [email protected] or by following the instructions displayed domain : seminars, conferences, publications, awards, scholarships, at the click of the but-ton Acta Tulliana, on the left column of the etc..Thanks to all for your patience home page. and your confidence. You are requested to write in character size 12, and the font Times The President Philippe Rousselot New Roman. (tr. by Tom Frazel) 1 Scientific section - Books about Cicero and the Roman republic BOOKS ABOUT CICERO 1997-1999: A 'REVOLUTION' FOR THE IN 2011 ROMAN RES PUBLICA

T. W. Caspar, Recovering the an- A 'revolution' for the Roman cient view of founding. A commen- res publica. In this way we tary on Cicero's De Legibus, could remember the years Lanham, Md. [e. a.], Lexington 1997-1999, which saw the Books, VII, 217 pp. release of three important H. Essler, Glückselig und unsterb- works in the History of lich. Epikureische Theologie bei Ci- Thought and Political cero und Philodem; mit einer Edition Philosophy (Philip Pettit, von Pherc. 152/157, Kol. 8 - 10, Republicanism. A Theory of Basel, Schwabe, 399 pp. Freedom and Government, I. Gildenhard, Creative eloquence. Oxford 1997, Quentin Skinner, The construction of reality in Liberty before Liberalism, Cicero's speeches, Oxford [e. a.], Cambridge 1998 and Maurizio publica. If the scholar of Oxford Univ. Press, 454 pp. Viroli, Repubblicanesimo, antiquity, Millar, focuses, in a L. Hermand-Schebat, Pétrarque Rome-Bari 1999). It also saw, 'classic' way, on institutions and épistolier et Cicéron. Étude d' une in an independent manner, the procedures (see K.-J. filiation, Paris, PUPS, 577 pp. output of Fergus Millar, The Hölkeskamp, Reconstructing the S. Koster, Ciceros "Rosciana Ameri- Crowd in Rome in the Late Roman Republic. An Ancient na" im Prosarhythmus rekonstruiert, Republic, Ann Arbor 1998, and Modern Political Culture Stuttgart, Steiner, 178 pp. which, as is known, Research, Princeton and Oxford D. Mankin (ed.), Cicero, De oratore, interpreting the late Roman 2010, 13-14) , Pettit, Skinner and Viroli work on the level of book III, Cambridge [e. a.], Cambri- Republic as democratic', has ideas. The neo-Roman theory of dge Univ. Press, XI, 346 pp. given rise to numerous free states evoked by the R. Nickel, Orakelkunst und Vor- reflections and, not historian Skinner (an expression hersage. Marcus Tullius Cicero, infrequently, to strong of the broader interpretation of Mannheim, Artemis & Winkler, reactions. 'Republican'), in fact, re- 216 pp. evaluates the entire political C. J. Smith (ed.), Praise and blame language of 'civic virtues' and, in Roman republican rhetoric, above all, of a 'Republican Swansea, Classical Press of Wales, paradigm', which, through law, Cicero, Sallust and Livy, would XI, 248 pp. bring the values of the res K. Tempest, Cicero. Politics and publica into the reality of the persuasion in ancient Rome, London free Italian municipalities, and [e. a.], Continuum, XIV, 256 pp. K. Zawadzki, Ciceros Zitierungs- technik in der Schrift "De natura deorum". Eine exemplarische Unter- SIAC MEMBERSHIP suchung anhand des Abschnittes 1, If you want to become a 25 - 27, München, AVM, 88 pp. member of the SIAC you should link to the site Tullia- by Stefano Rozzi na, draw up the accompan- What have they in common, ying questionnaire and pay 25 these four volumes? The euros as contribution. You revaluation, by different routes, can use Paypal. of the 'model' of the res 2 Scientific section - Books about Roman Thought

then move on to Machiavelli, Harrington and the theorists of Wilfried Stroh, La puissance du the American Revolution. All discours, Une petite histoire de la this would have been 'productive' rhétorique dans la Grèce antique et à to date, although absorbed or Rome, Traduit de l’allemand et du latin overshadowed by liberal par Sylvain Bluntz, coll. Le miroir des hegemony theory. To propose a more human society, Skinner, humanistes, 11, Belles Lettres, ISBN- Viroli and Pettit go on to 13-978-2-251-34604-5, November hypothesize the existence of a 2010, 514 p., price Fnac 25,65 €. 'third' freedom, the 'neo-Roman', understood as 'non-domination'. Inspired by the now classic C. Wirszubski, Libertas as a In 1970, Roland Barthes noted in l’Ancienne rhétorique that a Political Idea at Rome During manual that could provide a chronological and systematic the Late Republic and Early overview of ancient and classical rhetoric did not exist. Principate, Cambridge 1950, it Everyone had to, in that area, develop their own knowledge. would help to overcome the With humor, W. Stroh seeks to fill, finally, that gap. It is ingrained dichotomies between welcome to see the collection « Le miroir des humanistes » freedom ‘of the ancients' and ‘of continue the publication of his recent work, translated, as the moderns' of Benjamin always, by Sylvain Bluntz. This kleine Geschichte, published Constant (De la liberté des Anciens a comparee cells des in German in 2009, forms a thick volume intended for the Modernes, Paris 1819) and the educated public and students. The freedom of spirit and ‘positive’ freedom (freedom of) charming style of this book contrast with the dryness that is and 'negative' (freedom from) of the usual mark of such works. It abounds in formulas worthy Isaiah Berlin (Two Concepts of of a passionate teacher and everything taken from his joy of Liberty: An Inaugural Lecture teaching. The delight of writing can not hide that this is a delivered before the University of manual or a compendium, as shown in the strict chronological Oxford on 31 October 1958, organizing the chapters, each of which paints a portrait of the Oxford, 1959) , offering a real masters of rhetoric and presents, in detail, their main works. alternative to liberalism and In this historical Who's who (Stroh’s words), the author communitarianism. We just have to follow the developments of the forgets nothing and nobody (or almost). Always presented case, limiting ourselves - for now with their Greek name, Latin equivalent and translation, the - to observe, with some concepts of rhetoric evolving over the pages, from conjectural satisfaction, that after the crisis and almost instinctive origin to their theoretical and technical of 'modernity' and the concept of development, over nearly a thousand years, from Sicily to 'state', the 'ancient' appears very Gorgias to the Africa of Augustine. The educated public and ‘productive'. Luca Fezzi U- the student will be in their element in this work, one that can niversità degli Studi di Padova not be browsed in a hurry and is better read with a pencil in [email protected] (tr. by TFr) hand. Here, the gay science is nothing chatty; on the contrary,

it is a surprising density. At the same time dedicated to the glory of Antiquity and a universal synthesis, this book takes stock of a thousand reflections accumulated over a lifetime of research. PhR (tr. by Tom Frazel)

3 Scientific section - New studies on Cicero in the Enlightening Age M ONTESQUIEU AND C ICERO: A NEW FRONT FOR RESEARCH In 2008, the heirs of Jacqueline work prematurely written work de Chabannes, the last direct and promised to return to descendant of Montesquieu, Cicero's text: « J’ai fait ce donated to the State 644 discours dans ma jeunesse, il manuscripts from the library of pourra devenir bon si je lui ôte the castle of Brède. Since the l’air de panégyrique ; il faut State signed a Custodian outre cela donner un plus long Agreement with the city of détail des ouvrages de Cicéron, Bordeaux, these manuscripts are voir les lettres surtout, et entrer now available at the Municipal plus avant dans les causes de la Library of Bordeaux ruine de la République et dans (Montesquieu archives). les caractères de César, de One of the manuscripts (MS- Pompée et d’Antoine » (cited by Reproduction of thefirst page 2538-f1) reveals an unexpected Louis Desgraves, Inventaire des (Source : Bibliothèque de Bordeaux) surprise: a collection of documents manuscrits des fonds It reads in the original unpublished notes on Cicero. Montesquieu de la Bibliothèque orthography: «Ciceron ne merite Cicero, as is well known, was a municipale de Bordeaux, pas moins le titre de philosophe companion of Montesquieu Librairie Droz, 1998, p. 280). que d’orateur romain on peut throughout his life. « Ce dernier Notes on Cicero, recently mesme [dire] qu’il s’est plus est à coup sûr l’auteur le plus discovered, are like the form in signalé dans le Licée que sur la admiré par Montesquieu, car il which the promise that tribune, il est origin[al] dans ses fut à la fois homme d’action et Montesquieu had made to livres de philosophie au lieu philosophe, et quel philosophe himself. There are marginal qu’il |y| a eu plusieurs rivaux de ! » (Catherine Volpilhac-Auger, comments that Montesquieu son éloquance il est le premier «Antiquité (classique)», made on his copy of Cicero's chez les romains qui ait tiré la Dictionnaire électronique Opera omnia. Unfortunately, this philosophie des mains des Montesquieu). Without going large folio, once bound, was scavans et qui l’ait dégagée into details of what he owes in severely mutilated by trimmings d[es] embarras d’une langue the Esprit des Lois, Cicero’s of the margins. It now is missing étrangere, il la rendit commune presence is attested everywhere the last words of each line. At the à touts les homes come la by a large number of citations. end of the nineteenth century, a [raison] et dans However, the Discours sur careful and competent scribe l’applaudissement qu’il en reçut Cicéron (ca 1717), an early copied the notes, pointing out all les scavans se trouverent work discovered in 1891, was, of the missing parts. This d’accord avec le peuple. so far, the only text of collection is the manuscript Ms Certainement je ne puis assés Montesquieu devoted 2538. The cover page of the copy admirer la profondeur de ses exclusively to the Arpinate. The of the Opera Omnia, less raisonnemens dans un temps ou manuscript of the Discours (MS damaged than the others, can be les sages touts également fous 2099) bears a handwritten restored. ne se distinguoint plus que par statement in which Montesquieu la bisarrerie de leurs vettemens, took some distance from this il est domage [que] ce grand maître ait esté precedé par de si 4 Scientific section - New studies on Cicero in the Enlightening Age

M ONTESQUIEU AND C ICERO: A NEW FRONT FOR RESEARCH pitoyables raisoneurs, quand il quieu, ENS Lyon). discours sur Cicéron (ca 1717). [rapporte-détruit?] leurs All notes must be included in Some references: Fott, David, opinions vous le prendriés pour Volume XVII of the Œuvres Preface to Translation of Mon- Philoctete qui emp[loie] les complètes (Extraits et notes de tesquieu's "Discourse on flèches d’Hercule contre les lecture II, under the direction of Cicero", Political Theory, Vol. oiseaux. C’est une chose Rolando Minuti, with publication 30, No. 5 (Oct., 2002), pp. 728- admirable de le voi[r] dans son in 2011), with introduction and 732, livre de la nature des dieux se commentary by Miguel Benitez. Andrivet, Patrick, Montesquieu joüer de la philosophie meme et et Cicéron : de l’enthousiasme à faire combatre ses champions la sagesse, Mélanges offerts à entre eux de manière qu’ils se Jean Ehrard, Paris, Nizet, 1992, détruisent les uns les autres pp. 25-34 celuy-la est batu par celuy-ci qui Jaubert, Pierre, Les sources se trouve battu a so[n] tour. romaines de Montesquieu, in Touts les sisthèmes Montesquieu, la justice, la s’evanouissent les uns devant les liberté, Hommage de Bordeaux autres et il ne reste [dans] à Montesquieu (19-21 mai l’esprit du lecteur que du mépris Montesquieu 2005), Académie de Bordeaux, pour le philosophe et de Bordeaux, 2007, pp. 29-34 l’admiration pou[r le] critique. Volpilhac-Auger, Catherine, Du Je n’ay pu m’empecher en lisant The Société Montesquieu bon usage des manchettes et des ces merveilleux ouvrages de (chaired by Catherine Volpilhac- notes: typographie et genre charger mes [marges-pages?] Auger), and Joint Research Unit littéraire chez Montesquieu, de quelques réflexions et je les 5037 of the CNRS (headed by Bulletin du bibliophile, N° 2 ai faittes dans la liberté de la Pierre-François Moreau) have (2003), pp. 257-272 philosophie j’ay souvant fait partnered for editing the Œuvres Volpilhac-Auger, Catherine, La abstraction d’une relligion que complètes of Montesquieu tentation du secret ? La part de je revere, et come il est published by the Voltaire l’inédit dans l’œuvre de impossible d’estre philosophe et Foundation in Oxford (eleven Montesquieu, La Lettre theologien tout ensemble, parce volumes published, twenty-two clandestine, n° 11, 2003, p. 47- que ce qui es[t] selon l’ordre de planned). A Dictionnaire 58. la nature n’a point de raport à Montesquieu also appeared from Philippe Rousselot ce qui est selon l’or[dre] de la this group, which exists only in (tr. Tom Frazel) grace je me suis souvent mis à la electronic format, and is an place du pajen dont je lis les indispensable work tool (site). ouvrages bien résolu de rentrer There, you can find many articles aussi tost dans le devoir et de on Montesquieu and Antiquity, quitt[er] en sortant ces including an article by Patrick sentimens à la porte de mon Andrivet on Cicéron or that of cabinet». (Source: Lire Montes- Pierre Rétat dedicated to the 5

Scientific section - Cicero, humanitas and the Classical World in Far East

A BRIEF REPORT ON CLASSICAL SCHOLARSHIP IN KOREA (2010-2011)

Last July, to my pleasure, I met sified selection of works along systematized and institutionali- Prof. Andrea Balbo at the 18th with their standard forms (Ar- zed according to the Confucius’ Biennial conference of Interna- gument-Scheme /Argument- doctrine. However, this tradition tional Society for the History of Pattern Classification). Tracing was broken off through the im- Rhetoric in Bologna. At that back to the original use of argu- portation of the so-called mo- time, Prof. Balbo asked me how ment they are going to provide dern education system from the classical scholarship was going an elaborated collection of va- Western world in 1894. Superfi- in Korea. However, due to the rious types of ancient arguments cially, this system does work limited time, I could not fully with their contexts and proper well; fundamentally, however, answer him. Thus, I would like interpretation – that’s why they there are already considerable to reply briefly to Prof. Balbo’s call it a ‘Sourcebook’. problems. For the sake of con- question through Tulliana. I can venience, I would like to employ report on some particular rese- a metaphor: the education arch projects. system in Korea is a cloth that First, I think I should mention does not fit a body that is gro- the “Argumentation in Western wing very rapidly (at least in my Antiquity” research project. view!). This is the reason why In this three-year research we want to go to the sources (2009-2011) project, subtitled where, on the one hand, Cicero “A sourcebook for the philoso- wanted to show us by pointing phical foundation of argumenta- his “finger” (De.or. 1. 203, digi- tion theory,” nine philosophers tum ad fontes) and, on the other, and classists are participating. from where the basic ideas and Argumentation, of course, must Jaewon Ahn some still important ideas of have been a useful communica- Western education flow, even to tion method since very early ti- Korea. For this investigation, we mes regardless of region, East or Next, I would like to mention meet regularly (every two West, but the research scope of the Paideia et Humanitas rese- months) and read classical texts this team is concentrated on the arch project. for three hours with hot discus- argumentative traditions of the This project is also planned as a sion. Western world, especially those three-year research program The passages selected are u- of ancient Greece. (2011-2014), cooperated by ten sually from Plato’s Dialogues From the pre-Socratics to So- scholars whose specialties lie and also those of Cicero, in par- phists, (Socrates,) Plato and so- mostly in the classical scholar- ticular, because Cicero’s huma- me of their contemporary ora- ship. The main goal of the rese- nitas program might be a good tors and rhetoricians, and to Ari- arch is to explore the formation alternative program for liberal stotle, this research team has be- of Greek and Roman Education education in Korea. In this re- en reviewing the ancient texts and European Humanism. gard, I would emphasize that Ci- from the point of view of argu- The reason for this can be e- cero was truly the father of libe- mentation and preparing a clas- xplained as follows. The tradi- ral arts in the Latin tradition. In tional education of Korea was

6 Scientific section - Cicero, humanitas and the Classical World in Far East

A BRIEF REPORT ON CLASSICAL SCHOLARSHIP IN KOREA (2010-2011)

discussion, we talk about e.g. However, I cannot yet do so be- report with generous understan- the issues of the origin and de- cause we are just beginning to ding. velopment of the artes liberales discover whether the cloth from Jaewon Ahn in ancient Greek and Rome. the Western World really fits Research Professor, Finally, indeed, I ought to give our body. On this, I do promise Seoul National University some conclusion to my report or to report later. (tr. de M. Lucciano) some expectation of our future Anyway, I must thank my rea- classical scholarship. ders for reading this incomplete

A NEW COMMENTARY OF THE PRO CLUENTIO VALERIA MARIA PATIMO, La Pro Cluentio di Cicerone I. Introduzione e commento dei §§ 1-81, Verlag T. Bautz (Studia Classica et Mediaevalia, 1), Nordhausen 2009, E. 70 (ISBN 978-3-88309-491-5). The Pro Cluentio is, as is known, one of the masterpieces of Ciceronian oratory because of the ability of its author to make use of the wide range of rhetoric in order to "throw dust in the eyes" (Cicero’s words) of the jury in a complex and ambiguous case; through the medium of oratory, rather than on the solid foundation of legal reasoning or valid documentary evidence, Cicero was able to persuade with the subsequent acquittal of his client: he was involved, in the provincial town of Larino (now in Molise) in murky criminal affairs within his family, who mingled with the dramatic political moment, contemporary and immediately subsequent, of the proscriptions of Sulla. This oration, in many ways special in the corpus of Cicero, was still without an updated and comprehensive commentary, although of course there were contributions of primary importance, such as the volume of 1990 by J.T. Kirby, The Rhetoric of Cicero's "Pro Cluentio", or the popular edition of BUR-Rizzoli 2004, Difesa di Cluenzio, edited by Marco Fucecchio, with the important introductory essay by Emanuele Narducci, Cronaca criminale e letteratura nella “Pro Cluentio”. A significant contribution is now provided by the commentary on the first 81 paragraphs of the oration by Valeria Maria Patimo, in a volume that opens the series "Studia Classica et Mediaevalia", directed by Paolo Fedeli and Hans-Christian Günther, from the German publisher Traugott Bautz. Building on her considerable experience in Petronian studies and on ancient narrative, the scholar, along the lines of the Ciceronian work of her teacher Fedeli (remember his commentary on the Pro Milone), pays particular attention to the rhetorical structure of the Pro Cluentio, to the changes sought compared to the canonical distribution of a speech, in particular the expositio, where the traditional function takes information through targeted insertion of narrative forms (eg. § § 11-18, significantly called the "romance of Sassia"), a precise argumentative value, meant right from the start to guide the jury in favor of the innocence of Cluentius. The specific care that the scholar provides to the analysis of the narrative architecture of the oration is joined dialectically to a careful reading of the socio-political context that animates the Pro Cluentio: far from being just a cross-section of a "provincial" criminal history, the commmentary also offers a look at the complex political dynamics of the time, but especially, the network of family relationships (or rather "nepotistic") that create a true social structure in which malfeasance and political corruption, domestic crime and judicial corruption become the figure of degradation not only of individual morality, but also, and above all, of that collective. Sergio Audano (tr. by T. Frazel)

7 Scientific section - The idea of persona in a book by Charles Guerin

POLITICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL SELF- REPRESENTATION IN CICERO'S THOUGHT

republic: the notion of persona. led to the emergence of a theory In its rhetorical meaning, of ethos appropriate to Athenian persona designates the image democracy are checked against that the orator projects of the views developed in the himself in his speech, through Rhetoric to Alexander, in the presentation of his own Isocrates or the Aristotelian qualities, but also - indirectly - corpus. Discussed in particular through his arguments, his style, are issues of credibility, his voice and his oratorical propriety and character of the performance. All too often speaker - all points of doctrine obscured by rhetorical theory, which will hold an important Charles Guerin, Professor of the notion of persona has never place in Latin rhetoric. In Rome Latin language and Literature at been analyzed by itself by (Vol. I, Part II), in the late the Université Paul Valéry- contemporary critics, who found second and early first century Montpellier III, a member of the in the Greek notion of ethos BC, the conditions for access to Institut universitaire de France, (character) - in particular public speech, in the transition member of the SIAC, has just outlined by Aristotle in the from charisma to eloquence published : Persona. fourth century BC - a tool of subject to technical rules, set L’élaboration d’une notion interpretation adequate to their « the civic coordinates of rhétorique au Ier siècle av. J.-C. needs. However, focus on the oratorical persona » and specify Volume II : théorisation Aristotelian ethos sub specie the competence and legitimacy cicéronienne de la persona aeternitatis tends to mask that of the Republican speaker. The oratoire, Paris, Vrin, Coll. which is primarily Greek and so rhetorical formalization of ill suited to the Latin reality. persona appears in the practical Textes et traditions, 2011, 480 Worse, looking for its faithful and ideological circumstances of pages, ISBN : 978-2-7116- and mechanical application in the moment, in contrast to the 2351-8. This volume follows: Latin rhetoric ends up trying to peculiarities of Athenian Persona. L’élaboration d’une er seek an absence, and makes a eloquence largely unsuited to the notion rhétorique au I siècle great disservice to the study of conditions of Roman eloquence. av. J.-C. Volume I : antécédents the characteristics of Roman The study focuses on the grecs et première rhétorique thought. By refusing the idea of progressive theorization of latine, Paris, Vrin, 2009, 431 rhetoric as a closed and abstract persona throughout the first pages. system, focused only on itself, relevant texts, the Rhetorica ad Taken as a whole, this work Ch. Guérin postulates that it Herennium and the De responds to the project - must be analyzed in the context inuentione (ca. 86 BC and ca. 84 outlined in a thesis prepared of its development and in the BC), the process by which the under the guidance of Professors systems of representation where Latin manuals transformed the Pierre Chiron and Carlos Lévy, it is developed to show fully the rhetoric inherited from the and defended in December 2006 issues that animate it. His study Greeks. Their typology of - to explain how Latin rhetoric of Latin rhetoric goes through individual characteristics of the of the first century BC the preliminary analysis of the orator, the rules that they set for formalized the ethical practice Greek theory of ethos (vol. I, argument, style and delivery of public speaking by part 1). The political and lead to the theorization of a civic developing a category adapted intellectual circumstances that « recognition strategy ». This to the context of the Roman 8 Scientific section - The idea of persona in a book by Charles Guerin

POLITICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL SELF- REPRESENTATION IN CICERO'S THOUGHT step, slowly and gradually, develops a rhetorical thought opened the way for reflection on responds to the necessity of which is, of course, briliant in its the individual qualities of the rooting rhetoric in an technical dimension, but is less speaker through his teaching aristocratic republic which set as an abstraction than « global style. While defining a the first rule that access to thinking » on the practice of minimum standard of speech, public speaking should be, as far speech : compared to the first Cicero in fact preserves a space as possible, the domain reserved Latin manuals, Ciceronian for « play » permitting the and allowed to magistrates and thought on oratorical persona is manifestation of individual traits nobiles. The first Latin rhetoric more anchored in the realities of that are precisely the persona of produced also a formalization of Roman eloquence and seeks to the speaker as his own persona: the ethical dimension of realize in all its dimensions. it is here that Ciceronian discourse, in which an original Persona is well discussed by doctrine will vary more, theoretical framework, tied to Cicero in his theory of functions depending of the theoretical public expectations, marks the of the speech (docere, projects that it will continue at beginning of assimilation by the conciliare, mouere) : arguments, the mercy of political Roman aristocratic world of style and delivery also become uncertainties. The crucial and techniques originally developed telltale signs of the unique step in Latin rhetorical in a democratic world. To characteristics of the speaker, thought, Cicero's work opens the achieve this, it took to develop a Cicero reaching a level of theory to the intellectual and suitable and necessary category, consistency and theoretical practical realities which, until that of persona, which covers all completeness that never then, had remained in the the qualities expected of the appeared in the textbooks. But shadows. The connoisseur of speaker. Moreover, Latin these ethical signs can also be Greek rhetoric, Cicero goes far rhetoric gradually admits that perceived outside of the theory beyond a simple transposition. the image projected by the of the functions of speech, the He formalizes, in an original and speaker through his speech oratorical persona while innovative system, implicit rules constitutes an essential element revealing not more civil than governing the behavior of of persuasion amenable to a moral qualities of the speaker, political actors of his time. This technical approach. On this but his social and cultural traits. study that compares èthos and basis, the second volume, just Ch. Guerin uses the doctrine of persona makes it possible to published, deals with the theory « humor » (risum mouere) as an capture the areas of overlap and of persona in the Ciceronian indicator of the new components autonomy, mirror effects and works of his maturity. It shows of persona which emerged in the effects of differentiation. We how the Arpinate lays the early first century - and which now understand that Cicero, foundation for a broader theory Cicero is the first testimony. So though bound by the ethical and of the role of orator, revealing you see a theory of « cultural behavioral imposed upon him, political, social, cultural and and social qualities of the opened, through oratorical philosophical representations speaker » that define the persona, a conceptual space that then prevailing, a « true contours of a new concept of eventually exceed its historical grammar of the behavior and individual excellence more than determinations. values of late-republican simply charismatic and civic PhR (tr. by TFr) society». From 55 to 46 BC, requirements. Finally, Cicero especially in De oratore, Cicero 9 Didactic section - Cicero and the political commitment according to a U.S. intellectual POLITICAL COMMITMENT FROM CICERO TO OBAMA

"To understand the extraordinary current events can not help but birth, always faithful to the range of accomplishments of suggest that of the current motto "everybody's friend, an Marcus Tullius Cicero in the President of the United States of ally of none." philosophical and political fields, America, also not a descendant we should think of an athlete of one of the historical who has played in the major American families who have leagues of both football and given birth to Presidents and basketball." The author of this leading politicians, and he, too, apt comparison is Mary Ann has a surname with an ethnic Glendon, Professor of Law at connotation, which has more Harvard Law School, who, with than on one occasion caused these words, opens a recent him some embarrassment. So article with the captivating title does political commitment Cicero Superstar, appearing in makes sense? Glendon notes the journal First Things (Jan. that Cicero, more than two 2010, online at thousand years ago, showed the http://www.firstthings.com/articl same doubts that plague the M.A. Glendon e/2009/12/cicero-superstar e), modern man who wants to serve which Lorenzo Fazzini has edited the state by going into politics: On the other hand, Cicero a partial Italian translation for Why should I engage in a world never ceased trying to make Vita e Pensiero (3, 2010, pp. 36- so corrupt? Shall I risk my his contribution to the cause 41). Among the many points of moral integrity? Will I have to of the Roman republic. A interest, very timely is the section compromise? Or, will my most precious witness of the that the author devoted to the personal life suffer the fluctuating life of the man and problem of political commitment, repercussions? Often these the politician comes to us an issue that is as common today concerns discourage the from the letters, a real treasure as in Rome of the late republic. initiative of those who would to discover the man behind the In this agitated period, in fact, have the ability to commit politician: we often hear him Cicero, although from an early themselves to the common complaining about the state of age he demonstrated an aptitude good. Even Cicero who could corruption prevailing in the for studies, instead of enjoying have devoted his life to Republic, or frustrated at not their goods in the peace of the philosophical speculation, being able to find the space country, decided to seek the however, never ceased to necessary to the action. Is this glory of Rome in the political believe that the political choice enough to discourage civic arena, a choice that, on paper, was superior. Today, Glendon engagement and lead us to an seemed the harbinger of great notes, a general distrust of the Epicurean isolation? Cicero satisfaction for a novus homo like political world, perceived as says no: an intelligent and him. However, the Arpinate, corrupt and colluding, keeps brave man can have no more never free from the prejudice of a many honest and capable important reason for entering non-illustrious birth, and even citizens away from it. Likewise politics than to prevent that though friends had not in Rome of the first century BC the state is ruled by those recommended the use of his the dictates of Epicurean unworthy. You can not miss cognomen, proudly replied that philosophy advised to live the great relevance of these he would undertake to make hidden away from the intrigues issues, stresses the author: at known the name of Cicero as of public life: Atticus, the all times there have been much as Catulus or Scaurus. He dearest friend of Cicero, was colluding and corrupt did so because, as the first one of those who shared this politicians, who ruled the res representative of his family to choice, preferring to live away publica looking for private enter the Senate, he could follow from politics, to which he had gain, but at all times an the cursus honorum to become easy access, both by census and upright man must commit to consul of the Roman republic. bar their way, in defense of An incredible climb, that, given 10 the common good Alice Borgna (tr. TFr) Didactic section - Modern Cicero

and new media

CICERO IN FILM AND TELEVISION

The classical world is a hit at the adaptations (respectively, two reconstruct the historical reality cinema, whether we think of the films directed by J.L. Mankiewicz of the events that lead to the debut of the Seventh Art, with in 1953 and S. Burge in 1970, and fall of Roman Republic with films like Cabiria, by Giovanni three television series, English and more fidelity. And it is for the Pastrone, released in 1914 - which Spanish, dating from the late same idea, that of giving a relates the tribulations of a young seventies). The character of Cicero work a realistic color, that we slave at the time of the Punic Wars having been dismissed from find Cicero in another genre of - or we look at the latest conspiracy by Brutus from the movies, the pepla: the achievements represented by films first scene of Act II, one can easily productions are based around such as Ridley Scott's Gladiator understand that the presence of the the figure of Cleopatra, and (2000), Wolfgang Petersen's Troy Arpinate only serves to have the advantage of (2004), or, Agorà by Alejandro combining sensuality and Amenábar (2009). The peplum genre also tries to acquire its THE LOREM IPSUM patent of nobility, through initiatives such as the Festival Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, Péplum di Arles consectetur, adipisci velit... There is no one who loves pain itself (http://www.festivalpeplum- because it is pain, who seeks it, wants to get it…”. arles.com/accueil.php), or with the Lorem Ipsum is the model of a fake text commonly used in the publication of more and more printing industry since 1500, when an unknown printer put numerous studies, whether we together a series of characters joining together to create a type think of the work of Claude Aziza, specimen book. Lorem Ipsum not simply survived for more than all of the works of the type Tutto five centuries, but remained essentially unchanged even in modern quello che sappiamo su Roma typesetting. A reader who looks at the shape and structure of a l’abbiamo imparato a Hollywood page is distracted by the text content if it is readable. Lorem Ipsum by L. Cotta Ramosino-L. C. Cotta- is to provide a normal distribution of letters (in contrast to what Ramosino Dognini, Milan 2004, happens if you use short phrases repeated, e.g. "text here"), or The Ancient World in the appearing as a normal block of readable text, but obviously of no Cinema, J. Solomon, Yale significance because of the continuous repetition. However, University Press, New Haven and contrary to popular belief, Lorem Ipsum is not a random text, but London, 2001. However, we are goes back to a text of Latin literature from 45 B.C. Richard obliged to admit that Cicero has McClintock, foremerly a Latin professor at Hampden-Sydney always had only a minor role in College in Virginia, has identified the source in Cicero, De finibus the cinema, when he even had 1.10.32-33. The first line of Lorem Ipsum, Lorem ipsum dolor sit any. A look at IMDB (Internet amet, is from 1, 10, 32. There are many variations of passages of Movie Database) allows us to Lorem Ipsum, due to the insertion of ironic passages, or random realize that the presence of Cicero sequences of characters obviously highly unlikely. If you decide in the movies is found in two to use a passage of Lorem Ipsum, you should make sure that it types of works: he appears, in the does not contain anything embarrassing. The Editorial Unit first place, in film or television adaptations of Shakespeare's Julius Caesar. There are five 11

Didactic section - Modern Cicero

and new media

CICERON IN FILM AND TELEVISION exoticism. Think then, of course, of Cleopatra by Mankiewicz in 1963, but the cinematic rewriting David Bamber is Cicero in Rome of the myth begins in 1899 with http://www.3pipe.net/2009/11/tale-of-two-caesars- hbos-rome-tv-series.html the work of G. Méliès. Cicero finds himself in four films dedicated to the Queen of Egypt between 1934 (made by C.B. DeMille) and 1983. In these productions, Cicero appears only to embody a Roman reality, the era, a place, the Forum, but, in the same way, the entire Senate, for which he stands as a symbol. In a way, it seems that Cicero maneuvering of Cicero make the leading cases argued by belong to a kind of common the simplifications required by Cicero (Pro Roscio Amerino, background; his name is the necessities of the script ca. 80 B.C.), that we find a evocative on its own. The difficult; the Arpinate can also positive image of Cicero question to investigate is why the be a duplication of the (played by P. Rhys), a lawyer Arpinate has been excluded from character of Brutus, both still young, but fighting, who the red carpet. You can think, linked to respect for utters, through his famous cui first, that, compared with the republican legality, but also bono, his will to establish the figures of the men of action, linked to Caesar with truth in the face of the plot military leaders such as Pompey, ambiguous relationships. And suffered by Sextus Roscius, Caesar, or Antony, the film then to Brutus, as murderer of accused of having murdered adaptation of the figure of Cicero Caesar, he plays the role of the his own father. At the end of is of little weight; from the point undecided character, torn by this brief survey of the horizon of view of visualization, the internal conflict. However, as of filmic presences of Cicero, power of speech collapses in the authors of Tutto quello che we must note that the Arpinate front of the legions. And it is sappiamo su Roma l’abbiamo is still waiting for his close-up. significant to note that, in the imparato a Hollywood Mélanie Lucciano series Rome, produced by the explain, you can see the BBC and HBO (2005-2007), the hallmark of the figure of only production in which the Cicero in every character that character of Cicero has a real is not purely Manichean, as presence on screen, the Arpinate Gracchus in Spartacus of S. appears in a long-entrenched role Kubrick (1960). Finally, it is of coward, without his oratorical not in the movies, but in a power actually staged (so the documentary film produced by first episode of Season One the BBC in 2005, "Murder in shows that the complexity of Rome," in the series character and political Timewatch, which tells one of 12