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Tibet Under Chinese Communist Rule
TIBET UNDER CHINESE COMMUNIST RULE A COMPILATION OF REFUGEE STATEMENTS 1958-1975 A SERIES OF “EXPERT ON TIBET” PROGRAMS ON RADIO FREE ASIA TIBETAN SERVICE BY WARREN W. SMITH 1 TIBET UNDER CHINESE COMMUNIST RULE A Compilation of Refugee Statements 1958-1975 Tibet Under Chinese Communist Rule is a collection of twenty-seven Tibetan refugee statements published by the Information and Publicity Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama in 1976. At that time Tibet was closed to the outside world and Chinese propaganda was mostly unchallenged in portraying Tibet as having abolished the former system of feudal serfdom and having achieved democratic reforms and socialist transformation as well as self-rule within the Tibet Autonomous Region. Tibetans were portrayed as happy with the results of their liberation by the Chinese Communist Party and satisfied with their lives under Chinese rule. The contrary accounts of the few Tibetan refugees who managed to escape at that time were generally dismissed as most likely exaggerated due to an assumed bias and their extreme contrast with the version of reality presented by the Chinese and their Tibetan spokespersons. The publication of these very credible Tibetan refugee statements challenged the Chinese version of reality within Tibet and began the shift in international opinion away from the claims of Chinese propaganda and toward the facts as revealed by Tibetan eyewitnesses. As such, the publication of this collection of refugee accounts was an important event in the history of Tibetan exile politics and the international perception of the Tibet issue. The following is a short synopsis of the accounts. -
The Tibetan Nonviolent Struggle: a Strategic and Historical Analysis
ICNC MONOGRAPH SERIES The Tibetan Nonviolent Struggle: A Strategic and Historical Analysis Tenzin Dorjee ICNC MONOGRAPH SERIES Cover photos: (l) John Ackerly, 1987, (r) Invisible Tibet Blog SERIES EDITOR: Maciej Bartkowski John Ackerly’s photo of the first major demonstration in Lhasa in 1987 CONTACT: [email protected] became an emblem for the Tibet movement. The monk Jampa Tenzin, who is being lifted by fellow protesters, had just rushed into a burning VOLUME EDITORS: Hardy Merriman, Amber French, police station to rescue Tibetan detainees. With his arms charred by the Cassandra Balfour flames, he falls in and out of consciousness even as he leads the crowd CONTACT: [email protected] in chanting pro-independence slogans. The photographer John Ackerly Other volumes in this series: became a Tibet advocate and eventually President of the International Campaign for Tibet (1999 to 2009). To read more about John Ackerly’s The Power of Staying Put: Nonviolent Resistance experience in Tibet, see his book co-authored by Blake Kerr, Sky Burial: against Armed Groups in Colombia, Juan Masullo An Eyewitness Account of China’s Brutal Crackdown in Tibet. (2015) Invisible Tibet Blog’s photo was taken during the 2008 Tibetan uprising, The Maldives Democracy Experience (2008-13): when Tibetans across the three historical provinces of Tibet rose up From Authoritarianism to Democracy and Back, to protest Chinese rule. The protests began on March 10, 2008, a few Velezinee Aishath (2015) months ahead of the Beijing Olympic Games, and quickly became the largest, most sustained nonviolent movement Tibet has witnessed. Published by the International Center on Nonviolent Conflict The designations used and material presented in this publication do P.O. -
'A Unique View from Within'
Orientations | Volume 47 Number 7 | OCTOBER 2016 ‘projects in progress’ at the time of his death in 1999. (Fig. 1; see also Fig. 5). The sixth picture-map shows In my research, I use the Wise Collection as a case a 1.9-metre-long panorama of the Zangskar valley. study to examine the processes by which knowledge In addition, there are 28 related drawings showing of Tibet was acquired, collected and represented detailed illustrations of selected monasteries, and the intentions and motivations behind these monastic rituals, wedding ceremonies and so on. ‘A Unique View from Within’: processes. With the forthcoming publication of the Places on the panoramic map are consecutively whole collection and the results of my research numbered from Lhasa westwards and southwards (Lange, forthcoming), I intend to draw attention to in Arabic numerals. Tibetan numerals can be found The Representation of Tibetan Architecture this neglected material and its historical significance. mainly on the backs of the drawings, marking the In this essay I will give a general overview of the order of the sheets. Altogether there are more than in the British Library’s Wise Collection collection and discuss the unique style of the 900 numbered annotations on the Wise Collection drawings. Using examples of selected illustrations drawings. Explanatory notes referring to these of towns and monasteries, I will show how Tibetan numbers were written in English on separate sheets Diana Lange monastic architecture was embedded in picture- of paper. Some drawings bear additional labels in maps and represented in detail. Tibetan and English, while others are accompanied The Wise Collection comprises six large picture- neither by captions nor by explanatory texts. -
Communist Party As Living Buddha: the Crisis Facing Tibetan Religion Under Chinese Control
ICT-Europe ICT-Deutschland e.V. ICT-Brussels Vijzelstraat 77 Schönhauser Allee 163 11, Rue de la Linière 1825 Jefferson Place, NW 1017HG Amsterdam 10435 Berlin 1060 Brussels Washington, DC 20036 The Netherlands Germany Belgium T +1 202 785 1515 T +31 (0)20 3308265 T +49 (0)30 27879086 T +32 (0)2 6094410 F +1 202 785 4343 F +31 (0)20 3308266 F +49 (0)30 27879087 F +32 (0)2 6094432 E [email protected] E [email protected] E [email protected] E [email protected] www.savetibet.org The International Campaign for Tibet is a non-profit membership organization that monitors and promotes internationally recognized human rights in Tibet. ICT was founded in 1988 and has offices in Washington, DC, Amsterdam, Berlin and Brussels. The Communist Party as Living Buddha: The crisis facing Tibetan religion under Chinese control ©2007 by the International Campaign for Tibet Printed in the USA Design: William Whitehead Design www.WmWhiteheadDesign.com THE COMMUNIST PARTY AS LIVING BUDDHA THE CRISIS FACING TIBETAN RELIGION UNDER CHINESE CONTROL A report by the International Campaign for Tibet Washington, DC l Amsterdam l Berlin l Brussels www.savetibet.org Tibet Autonomous Region Party chief Zhang Qingli recently labeled THE COMMUNIST PARTY AS LIVING BUDDHA the Chinese Communist Party a ‘living Buddha’ and a ‘parent’ to the Tibetan people. (Xinhuanet, March 2, 2007) THE CRISIS FACING TIBETAN RELIGION UNDER CHINESE CONTROL Cover: An image of the 11 th Panchen Lama, Gedun Choekyi Nyima, seen in a monastery in eastern Tibet near a photograph of the Dalai Lama. -
Lobsang Lungthok April 10, 2010
Tibet Oral History Project Interview #21M – Lobsang Lungthok April 10, 2010 The Tibet Oral History Project serves as a repository for the memories, opinions and ideas of elderly Tibetan refugees. The oral history process records the words spoken by interviewees in response to questions from an interviewer. The interviewees’ statements should not be considered verified or complete accounts of events and the Tibet Oral History Project expressly disclaims any liability for the inaccuracy of any information provided by the interviewees. The interviewees’ statements do not necessarily represent the views of the Tibet Oral History Project or any of its officers, contractors or volunteers. This translation and transcript is provided for individual research purposes only. For all other uses, including publication, reproduction and quotation beyond fair use, permission must be obtained in writing from: Tibet Oral History Project, P.O. Box 6464, Moraga, CA 94570-6464, United States. Copyright © 2012 Tibet Oral History Project. TIBET ORAL HISTORY PROJECT www.TibetOralHistory.org INTERVIEW SUMMARY SHEET 1. Interview Number: #21M 2. Interviewee: Lobsang Lungthok 3. Age: 87 4. Date of Birth: 1922 5. Sex: Male 6. Birthplace: Tunue, Lhasa 7. Province: Utsang 8. Year of leaving Tibet: 1959 9. Date of Interview: April 10, 2010 10. Place of Interview: Loselling Old Age Home, Drepung Loselling Monastery, Doeguling Settlement, Mundgod, Karwar District, Karnataka, India 11. Length of Interview: 2 hr 37 min 12. Interviewer: Marcella Adamski 13. Interpreter: Tenzin Yangchen 14. Videographer: Pema Tashi 15. Translator: Tenzin Yangchen Biographical Information: Lobsang Lungthok was born in Tunuegang, a town very close to Lhasa. His family engaged in farming and he recalls herding the animals. -
Visiting the Nechung Oracle – the Spiritual Protector of the Dalai Lama
Visiting The Nechung Oracle – The Spiritual Protector of the Dalai Lama Recently, I had the honor to attend a ceremony and receive a special blessing from Nechung Oracle, the State Oracle of Tibet. The Nechung Oracle is considered to be the spiritual protector of the Dalai Lama, and he is the head of the Nechung Monastery, residing in the Dalai Lama’s compound in Dharamsala, India. In the spirit of continuation, I am sharing this so that you might also experience the benefit of having your obstacles removed and, in the words of the Oracle: ‘As you are opening yourself to this type of thought, you will overcome personal pain. You will receive blessings that have the power to purify and cleanse one’s self.’ Three days after this experience, I had a shift in my life that indeed manifested as the removal of an obstacle. I got the (right) answer to a question that had been nagging me for months; one that had inflamed into the kind of problem that wakes you up in the middle of the night praying for a solution. And, I got my answer! I did have to take action, but the right steps became exquisitely clear and they led me to a path that feels joyful. The Oracle’s blessing was a transformative experience for me, and it is my sincere intention that you will experience clarity in your life too. To my knowledge, I was the only person taking notes, and no one recorded the Oracle’s teaching in entirety. I took notes at this event because last year, after attending a special teaching given by the Dalai Lama at his home in Dharamsala - someone asked me what he said, and I really could not remember. -
Dawa Dakpa January 2, 2014
Tibet Oral History Project Interview #27B – Dawa Dakpa January 2, 2014 The Tibet Oral History Project serves as a repository for the memories, testimonies and opinions of elderly Tibetan refugees. The oral history process records the words spoken by interviewees in response to questions from an interviewer. The interviewees’ statements should not be considered verified or complete accounts of events and the Tibet Oral History Project expressly disclaims any liability for the inaccuracy of any information provided by the interviewees. The interviewees’ statements do not necessarily represent the views of the Tibet Oral History Project or any of its officers, contractors or volunteers. This translation and transcript is provided for individual research purposes only. For all other uses, including publication, reproduction and quotation beyond fair use, permission must be obtained in writing from: Tibet Oral History Project, P.O. Box 6464, Moraga, CA 94570-6464, United States. Copyright © 2015 Tibet Oral History Project. TIBET ORAL HISTORY PROJECT www.TibetOralHistory.org INTERVIEW SUMMARY SHEET 1. Interview Number: #27B 2. Interviewee: Dawa Dakpa 3. Age: 80 4. Date of Birth: 1933 5. Sex: Male 6. Birthplace: Phenpo 7. Province: Utsang 8. Year of leaving Tibet: 1959 9. Date of Interview: January 2, 2014 10. Place of Interview: Private home, Old Camp 4, Bylakuppe, Mysore District, Karnataka, India 11. Length of Interview: 2 hr 03 min 12. Interviewer: Marcella Adamski 13. Interpreter: Tenzin Yangchen 14. Videographer: Pema Tashi 15. Translator: Tenzin Yangchen Biographical Information: Dawa Dakpa’s family were samadok ‘farmers and herders.’ He recalls herding animals as a child and played a game called apchu with ankle bones of sheep. -
Sakya Chronicles 2019
Sakya Chronicles 2019 His Holiness Ghongma Trichen Rinpoche visits Seattle for Monlam, July 2019 Table of Contents Installation of H.H. Dagchen Dorje Chang’s Relics in Vietnam and H.E. Asanga Rinpoche Instated as Head Lama ......2 Ven. Khenpo Jamyang Chopal Teaches on the Th ree Turnings of the Wheel of Dharma ...................................................6 H.E. Khöndung Avikrita Rinpoche Bestows the Maitreya Initiation ...................................................................................9 Marici FellowshipWinter Sharing Event .............................................................................................................................10 H.E. Dagmo Kusho’s Birthday Celebration .........................................................................................................................11 Recent Activities of H.E. Avikrita Rinpoche and H.E. Abhaya Rinpoche – Spring ...........................................................12 Nagarjuna’s Precious Garland Teaching by Ven. Khenpo Choying Dorjee ........................................................................15 H.E. Khöndung Gyana Vajra Rinpoche Bestows Mahakala Initiation ..............................................................................19 Th ird Year Memorial Anniversary of His Holiness Jigdal Dagchen Dorje Chang .............................................................20 Rites of Spring Event and Ceremony ...................................................................................................................................23 -
Interview #9D – Thinley May 16, 2012
Tibet Oral History Project Interview #9D – Thinley May 16, 2012 The Tibet Oral History Project serves as a repository for the memories, testimonies and opinions of elderly Tibetan refugees. The oral history process records the words spoken by interviewees in response to questions from an interviewer. The interviewees’ statements should not be considered verified or complete accounts of events and the Tibet Oral History Project expressly disclaims any liability for the inaccuracy of any information provided by the interviewees. The interviewees’ statements do not necessarily represent the views of the Tibet Oral History Project or any of its officers, contractors or volunteers. This translation and transcript is provided for individual research purposes only. For all other uses, including publication, reproduction and quotation beyond fair use, permission must be obtained in writing from: Tibet Oral History Project, P.O. Box 6464, Moraga, CA 94570-6464, United States. Copyright © 2014 Tibet Oral History Project. TIBET ORAL HISTORY PROJECT www.TibetOralHistory.org INTERVIEW SUMMARY SHEET 1. Interview Number: #9D 2. Interviewee: Thinley 3. Age: 81 4. Date of Birth: 1931 5. Sex: Male 6. Birthplace: Dhakpo 7. Province: Utsang 8. Year of leaving Tibet: 1959 9. Date of Interview: May 16, 2012 10. Place of Interview: Hotel Tibet, Mcleod Ganj, Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh, India 11. Length of Interview: 1 hr 18 min 12. Interviewer: Marcella Adamski 13. Interpreter: Tenzin Yangchen 14. Videographer: Pema Tashi 15. Translator: Tenzin Yangchen Biographical Information: Thinley hails from Dhagpo in Utsang Province. His family was engaged in farming, but he does not recall much of village life because at the age of 13 Thinley was called to serve the monastery of the state oracle in Lhasa. -
Re-Imagining Tibetan Buddhist Pilgrimage Culture in India
Kalmar: Re-imagining Brigitta KALMAR Re-imagining Tibetan Buddhist Pilgrimage Culture in India ABSTRACT: This article explores how Tibetans have defined India, the birthplace of Buddhism, as a space for themselves and hence created, re-created and reinvented their ancient pilgrimage destinations and rituals there since the middle of 20th century. I begin this paper by introducing the historical development of pilgrimage in the Buddhist tradition and mapping the sacred Buddhist geography of India. In the second part, I explore the development of pilgrimage traditions in Tibetan Buddhism and the network of sacred sites used by pilgrims. In the third part, I introduce some of the Tibetan inventions and reinventions of the pilgrimage tradition over an extensive period of time, between the 12th and the mid-20th century. Finally, partly based on my fieldwork findings, I examine how the Tibetan diasporic community in India has maintained and reinvented its pilgrimage culture and what possible changes have occurred subsequently. KEYWORDS: Buddhism, pilgrimage, Tibetan, India, Tibetan Buddhism Brigitta KALMAR holds a JD in Law from University of Szeged, Hungary, an MA in Human Rights from University of Ulster, UK and an MA in Contemporary Religions from UCC, Ireland. Her research interests include contemporary Buddhism in India and Nepal, women and Buddhism in the 21st century, gender equality and pilgrimage studies. 40 Journal of the Irish Society for the Academic Study of Religions 5 ©ISASR 2017 Introduction Pilgrimage is an ancient universal human activity and one of the most common phenomena found in all major religious traditions. Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam all have developed complex pilgrimage cultures, with a range of sites and unique traditions. -
Speech Delivered by His Holiness 14 Dalai Lama to the Second Gelug
Speech Delivered by His Holiness 14th Dalai Lama to the Second Gelug Conference (Dharamsala, June 12th 2000) We meet here today with Ganden Tri Rinpoche, the representative of Jamgön Gyelwa (Lama Tsong Khapa), chiefly gracing us with his presence. The abbots representing the three seats of Sera, Drepung, Ganden, as well as those of Tashi Lhunpo, Gyutö and Gyumei tantric colleges have joined us; as have abbots and former abbots who are here on behalf of the various other Gelug monasteries. It seems though that the Manali representative has not been able to join us though (laughter)1. Anyway as well as all of these guests I also have been able to attend this Gelug conference. The organisation of these international Gelug conferences and the general concern for the maintenance and promotion of the teaching is admirable. I would like to thank all of you for your concern and for having put in such hard work. Given the significance of this event, I would like to encourage everyone, for the space of these few days, to dispense with ostentatious posing and the empty formalities of ceremony. Let’s try to get to the heart of the matter. We have now gained quite a bit of experience. So let us utilise that to focus on what problems we face and give some thought to how we can improve things. Our consideration of these matters should be careful. I have high hopes that this will prove to be an open forum for the discussion of the important issues and will generally prove to be a success. -
The Tibetan Situation Today
The Tibetan Situation Today Surprising Hidden News Letter to the Dalai Lama of Tibet 12th April 2008 To the Dalai Lama of Tibet, We the Western Shugden Society ask you to accomplish four things: 1. To give freedom to practice Dorje Shugden to whoever wishes to rely upon this Deity. 2. To stop completely the discrimination between Shugden people and non-Shugden practitioners. 3. To allow all Shugden monks and nuns who have been expelled from their monasteries and nunneries to return to their monasteries and nun neries where they should receive the same material and spiritual rights as the non-Shugden practitioners. 4. That you tell in writing to the Tibetan community throughout the world that they should practically apply the above three points. Do you accept these four points? We require your answer by the 22 April 2008, signed and delivered by registered post to: Western Shugden Society c/o Dorje Shugden Devotees Society, House No 10, Old Tibetan Camp, Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi-4 With a copy of your letter sent to the following email address: [email protected] Letter to the Dalai Lama of Tibet If we do not receive your answer by 22 April 2008, we will regard that you have not accepted. The Western Shugden Society cc Kashag Secretary, Parliamentary Secretary (Tibetan Parliament-in-exile), Dept. of Religion & Culture (Central Tibetan Administration), Assistant Com missioner (Representative for Tibetans) Letter to Sera Lachi, Sera Jey and Sera Mey April 9, 2008 To Sera Lachi, Sera Jey, and Sera Mey, We, the Western Shugden Society, are writing this letter to you concerning the six monks from Pomra Khangtsen that you have expelled on April 8th, 2008 based on wrong and false reasons.