Anatomy of Milwaukee County: a Traffic Safety Summary

ANATOMY OF MILWAUKEE COUNTY: A TRAFFIC SAFETY SUMMARY

There were 307 fatal crashes in Milwaukee County from 2012 to 2016.

1 THE PLACE

Section Summary Milwaukee County is the center of a metropolitan area that has a population of over 1.55 million persons. The principal routes are the Interstate highways, STH 36 south of I-41/43/894, and STH 145 north of I-43. Milwaukee County is the top county in the state for VMT (vehicle-miles traveled), the number of registered vehicles, urban population, percentage of the population that is urban, and percentage of the county’s area that is urban. Milwaukee County has the lowest numbers in the state for VMT per capita, miles of roadway per capita and per VMT, miles of state highways per capita and per VMT, miles of county highways per capita, and local roads per capita. It is among the top ten counties in the state for miles of roads, miles of state roads, miles of local roads, and urban area. It is among the bottom ten counties in the state for miles of county highways and registered vehicles per capita. Urbanization Milwaukee County is the center of the Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis metropolitan area, which is adjacent to the neighboring Racine metropolitan area. 99.81% of the population of the county lives in urban areas, and 92.90% of the land area of the county is urban.1 The eastern boundary of the county is the eastern boundary of the state, which is in the center of Lake Michigan.

Road Network Interstate 94 is designated as an east-west highway, carrying traffic west to and from Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota and points west via Brookfield, Waukesha, and Madison, through the county south of Wauwatosa and north of West Allis, through Milwaukee and Oak Creek, and then south to and from Chicago, Illinois and points east via Racine and Kenosha. At the Marquette Interchange, I-94 east turns to the south and I-94 west turns to the west.

I-43 is designated as a north-south highway, carrying traffic southwest to and from Beloit via New Berlin, Mukwonago, and Elkhorn. I-43 travels through Greenfield, Milwaukee, Glendale, and along the municipal boundaries of River Hills, Bayside, and Fox Point. To the north, I-43 carries traffic to and from Green Bay via Port Washington, Sheboygan, and Manitowoc. At the Mitchell Interchange, I-43 south turns west and I-43 north turns north. I-43 connects Milwaukee with areas to the south and west of Wisconsin. I-43 is concurrent with I-94 from the Marquette Interchange to the Mitchell Interchange.

I-41 is designated as a north-south highway, carrying traffic south to and from Kenosha via Racine, through Oak Creek, Milwaukee, Greenfield, West Allis, and Wauwatosa, and then northwest toward Green Bay via Germantown, Fond du Lac, Oshkosh, and Appleton. At the Mitchell Interchange, I-41 north turns west and I-41 south turns south. At the Hale Interchange, I-41 north turns north and I-41 south turns east. U.S. Highway (USH) 41 is concurrent with I-41.

I-794 is a spur that carries traffic east and then south of the Marquette Interchange, eventually becoming State Trunk Highway (STH) 794, carrying traffic toward St. Francis and Cudahy along Lake Parkway and S Pennsylvania Ave. I-894 travels from the Zoo Interchange to the Mitchell Interchange, and it is entirely concurrent with I-41. I-894 is concurrent with I-43 from the Hale Interchange to the Mitchell Interchange.

1 United States Census Bureau. “Percent urban and rural in 2010 by state and county.” Accessed Sept. 29, 2017. https://www.census.gov/geo/reference/ua/urban-rural-2010.html

2 USH 18 begins in Milwaukee at E Michigan St and N Lincoln Memorial Dr. and heads west on multiple roads through central Milwaukee before continuing into Wauwatosa. USH 18 carries local traffic west toward Elm Grove, Brookfield, and Waukesha. STH 145 is a north-south primary arterial that travels from northwest to southeast through the city of Milwaukee. It begins on N 6th St at USH 18 (Wells St) in central Milwaukee and heads north for five blocks and then heads northwest on W Fond Du Lac Ave through the city. It is a multilane divided highway with controlled access through northwestern portions of the city. To the north, STH 145 travels to Menomonee Falls and Germantown.

STH 24 and STH 241 both begin at the junction of W Forest Home Ave and S 27th St in Milwaukee. STH 24 is an east-west highway that heads southwest from that junction along W Forest Home Ave to Greenfield, Greendale, and Hales Corners, turning west along Janesville Rd to end at the county line. STH 241 heads south from its junction with STH 24 in Milwaukee along S 27th St to travel along the boundaries of Greenfield, Franklin, and Oak Creek to end at I-41/94. STH 36 is W Loomis Rd, and it is designated as a north-south highway. STH 36 begins at STH 241 in Milwaukee and heads southwest through Greenfield, Greendale, and Franklin on its way to Muskego, Waterford, and Burlington. STH 36 is a primary arterial south of I-43.

STH 32 enters the county from the north in a concurrency with I-43 north of W Brown Deer Rd between River Hills and Bayside. It then travels on multiple roads along the Lake Michigan shoreline in Bayside, Fox Point, Whitefish Bay, Shorewood, Milwaukee, Cudahy, South Milwaukee, and Oak Creek. STH 32 carries local traffic south toward Racine. STH 100 goes around the west and south edges of the county along N Lovers Lane Rd in Milwaukee, N Mayfair Rd in Wauwatosa, S 108th St in West Allis and Hales Corners, S Lovers Lane Rd in Franklin, W St. Martin’s Rd in Franklin, and Ryan Rd in Franklin and Oak Creek. USH 45 is concurrent with I-41 north of the Hale Interchange, and it is concurrent with I-43 west of the Hale Interchange to S 108th St. To the north, USH 45 carries traffic to and from West Bend via Jackson. USH 45 is concurrent with I-43 southwest of the Hale Interchange, and then it heads south through Hales Corners to Franklin in a concurrency with STH 100 on S Lovers Lane Rd until the highways reach STH 36. In Franklin, USH 45 then follows STH 36 along W Loomis Rd, after which it follows S 124th St and exits the county toward Union Grove and Bristol.

Other highways on the state network include STH 38 (beginning on S 6th St at W National Ave, heading south on S Chase Ave and S Howell Ave through Milwaukee and Oak Creek heading toward Racine), STH 57 (beginning as S Layton Blvd at W National Ave in Milwaukee heading north, turning east on W Highland Ave, turning north on N 17th St, turning northwest on W Fond du Lac Ave, turning north on N 20th St, turning east on W Capitol Dr., and then turning on northwest onto N Green Bay Ave, going through Milwaukee, Glendale, and Brown Deer, and then heading toward Mequon), STH 59 (W National Ave in Milwaukee and West Milwaukee, turning onto W Greenfield Ave in West Allis, and then heading toward New Berlin and Waukesha), STH 119 (the Airport Spur in Milwaukee from I-41/94 to Gen. Mitchell International Airport), STH 175 (beginning on Miller Park Way at W National Ave in Milwaukee heading north, turning northwest on W Lisbon Ave and then onto W Appleton Ave heading toward Menomonee Falls), STH 181 (beginning on S 84th St at W Greenfield Ave in West Allis heading north, becoming Glenview Ave in Wauwatosa, turning northwest onto Harwood Ave and then Harmonee Ave, turning north onto N Wauwatosa Ave, and becoming N 76th St in Milwaukee heading toward Mequon), and STH 190 (Capitol Dr. in Shorewood, Milwaukee and Wauwatosa heading toward Brookfield).

3 Miles of Roadway There are 3,039 miles of public roads in Milwaukee County, of which 253 (8.3%) are state highways, 144 (4.7%) are county highways, 2,623 (86.3%) are local roads, and 29 miles are of another type.2

Vehicle Registrations, Vehicle Miles of Travel (VMT), and Traffic Patterns In 2016, there were 310,843 autos, 27,172 cycles, 50,372 trailers, and 270,899 trucks registered in Milwaukee County.3 Annual VMT in 2016 was 6,955,384,520.4 This VMT figure comprises about 10.9% of the state VMT total, well below the percentage of state population included within Milwaukee County (approximately 16.5%). This is likely a result of shorter commuter distances and greater use of active transport and transit use in the more densely settled county as compared to the state. Although VMT figures are low in a relative sense, Milwaukee County is the largest county in the state and anchors the largest metropolitan region and so traffic volumes are high (in an absolute sense). Figure 1 shows VMT levels on the State Trunk Network (STN), which includes interstate highways, US highways, and state highways.

Traffic Volume As can be seen in Figure 1, traffic volumes in Milwaukee County are highest in the central portion of the county, specifically at highways bounded by the Hale Interchange on the southwest, the Mitchell Interchange on the southeast, the Zoo Interchange on the northwest, and the Marquette Interchange on the northeast next to Downtown Milwaukee.

US Highway 41 north of the Milwaukee County Zoo and Interstate 94 south of this central loop are other areas of high traffic volume and congestion. As indicated on the map below, the highway section with the highest traffic volume is Interstate 94 south of its intersection with HW 43/Interstate 894. This segment carries nearly 170,000 cars daily vehicles and connects Milwaukee with its southern suburbs, as well as with Racine, Kenosha, the North Shore region of Illinois, and eventually, Chicago.

2 Wisconsin Department of Transportation. “County Maps.” Accessed Sept. 29, 2017. http://wisconsindot.gov/Pages/travel/road/hwy- maps/county-maps/default.aspx 3 Wisconsin Department of Transportation. “Facts and Figures 2016, Vehicles Registered by County.” Accessed Nov. 6, 2017. http://wisconsindot.gov/Documents/about-wisdot/newsroom/statistics/factsfig/vehregcounty.pdf 4 Wisconsin Department of Transportation. “2016 Vehicles Miles of Travel (VMT) by County.” Accessed Nov. 6, 2017. http://wisconsindot.gov/Documents/projects/data-plan/veh-miles/vmt2016-c.pdf

4 FIGURE 1:

5 Commuting Flows As seen below in Figure 2, most workers residing in Milwaukee County also live there. Nonetheless, Waukesha County workplaces also draw a significant percentage of Milwaukee County residents. Indeed, as Figure 2 shows, slightly more individuals commute out of Milwaukee County to Waukesha County than commute into Milwaukee County from Waukesha County. FIGURE 2: COMMUTING FLOWS AMONG COUNTIES

Workers who Reside in Milwaukee County Work People who Work in Milwaukee County Reside in: in: Milwaukee County 345,590 Milwaukee County 345,590 Waukesha County 58,389 Waukesha County 58,030 Ozaukee County 6,858 Racine County 14,626 Washington County 4,304 Ozaukee County 14,125 Racine County 4,232 Washington County 13,804 Kenosha County 1,603 Kenosha County 3,142 Cook County, IL 1,257 Walworth County 2,576 Dane County 751 Sheboygan County 1,542 Sheboygan County 680 Jefferson County 1,357 Lake County, IL 667 Dodge County 1,211 Walworth County 443 Lake County, IL 1,025 Dodge County 376 Dane County 881 Jefferson County 243 Cook County, IL 751 Winnebago County 241 Fond du Lac County 626 Brown County 192 Winnebago County 274 DuPage County, IL 167 Rock County 270 Others 2,814 Others 5,977 5

5United States Census Bureau. 2009-2013 5-Year American Community Survey Commuting Flows. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time- series/demo/commuting/commuting-flows.html Accessed Sept. 29, 2017.

6 Figure 3 describes the 15 largest commuting flows two different municipalities in the Milwaukee area. This closer view reveals a broadly similar trend to the county flows seen in Figure 2; while most people who live in the city of Milwaukee also work there, the more suburban areas of the county attract relatively more workers than they “export.” FIGURE 3: COMMUTING FLOWS BETWEEN MUNICIPALITIES (TOP 15)

Residence Place of Work Number Milwaukee Wauwatosa 15,274 West Allis Milwaukee 9,274 Wauwatosa Milwaukee 8,437 Milwaukee West Allis 7,987 Oak Creek Milwaukee 6,610 Greenfield Milwaukee 6,546 Milwaukee Brookfield 6,053 Milwaukee Menomonee Falls 5,785 Milwaukee Glendale 5,474 Franklin Milwaukee 5,151 Milwaukee Waukesha 4,852 Milwaukee Greenfield 4,424 Waukesha Milwaukee (Milwaukee Co. portion) 4,240 New Berlin Milwaukee (Milwaukee Co. portion) 4,200 Milwaukee Oak Creek 4,074 6

6 United States Census Bureau. 2009-2013 5-Year American Community Survey Commuting Flows. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time- series/demo/commuting/commuting-flows.html Accessed Oct. 5, 2017.

7 THE POPULATION

The population of Milwaukee County—about 950,000 individuals—is distributed through 19 jurisdictions, with the city of Milwaukee comprising slightly over 60% of the county’s population. Other large cities include the cities of West Allis and Wauwatosa.

FIGURE 4: POPULATION OF MILWAUKEE COUNTY MUNICIPALITIES (2016)

7 Population Trends

Between 2010 and 2016, the county’s population increased by about 1.0%. The average age of the county is younger than that of the state (34.3 vs. 39 years), which is likely due at least partially to the presence of a large university (UW-Milwaukee). Milwaukee County’s population pyramid is thus slightly more “bottom-heavy” than the state.

7 United States Census Bureau. “Selected Economic Characteristics DP03, Employment Status.” 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_15_5YR_DP03&src=pt Accessed November 4th, 2017.

8 FIGURE 5 8: POPULATION PYRAMIDS (MILWAUKEE COUNTY ABOVE AND STATE BELOW)

Generally, jurisdictions in the county are experiencing relatively flat population growth (Figure 6). Some cities in the southern, far-northern, and far-western portion of the county have declined in population while the City of Milwaukee and other centrally-located communities are experiencing modest population growth. (In Figure 6, the measure of absolute population change merely shows the raw population changes between 2010 and 2016, while the measure of “relative population change” weights such absolute changes by the base population figures of 2010).9

8 United States Census Bureau. “Selected Economic Characteristics DP03, Employment Status.” 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_15_5YR_DP03&src=pt Accessed November 6th, 2017. 9 The highlighted jurisdiction in the image shows the two jurisdictions that are growing fastest and the two jurisdictions growing the slowest.

9 FIGURE 6: ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE POPULATION CHANGES MILWAUKEE COUNTY MUNICIPALITIES (2010-2016)

3 Village of 1 6 5 4 River Hills, -5 1. Village of West Milwaukee, -0.8% 2 7 2. City of Cudahy, -0.4% 3. Village of Hales Corners, -0.2%

4 8 C C i it 9 ty 5 y o 1. Village of Bayside, 9 o f f M 6 2. Village of Fox Point, -10 M 10 i il lw 3. Village of Brown Deer, 12 w a 4. City of Glendale, -93 a 4. Village of Bayside, 0.2% u u City of k 5. Village of Whitefish Bay, -138 k 5. Village of River Hills, -0.3% e City of e

e e Wauwa tosa, 1,549 6. Village of Shorewood, 206 Wauwatosa, 3.3% 6. Village of Brown Deer, 0.1% ,

, 0

2 7. Village of West Milwaukee, -32 7. Village of Fox Point, -0.1%

1 4 8. Village of Hales Corners, -18 8. City of Glendale, -0.7% 9. City of St. Francis, 101 City of West 9. Village of Whitefish Bay, -1% 1 City of West 7 Allis, -0.5% 10. Village of Shorewood, 1.6% 11. City of St. Francis, 1.1% Allis, -324

C 9 City of 11 ity of Gree Greenfield, nfield, 138 City of 0.4% 2 Village of Cudahy, -67 3 Village of

8 Greendale, 1.2%

Greendale, 165 4

0 t u

1 -

- o u

, o S

e S

f e e f City of o k k o y u Ci ty of t u i a y a t C w i il w C l i Franklin, 1.9% M Fr ankli n, 6 80 M City of Oak City of O a k Creek, 1,430 Cr ee k, 4 .2 %

Miles 0 5 10 20 Produced by E. Moorman, Bureau of Transportation Safety and the Division of State Patrol, Data from ESRI and the US Census Bureau, 2016

Absolute Population Changes Relative Population Changes

Lowest Highest Lowest Highest THE ECONOMY Section Summary The unemployment rate in Milwaukee County has been, on average, 1.2% higher than that of the state over the last decade. The proportion of the population that works in the educational services, health care, or social assistance industries is fairly large, while the manufacturing industry is fairly small, comparatively. The county has a smaller agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, or mining industry, comparatively.

FIGURE 7: EMPLOYMENT BY OCCUPATION (MILWAUKEE ON TOP AND THE STATE BELOW) 10

Management, business, science, and 15.3% arts 5.9% Service 35.3% Sales and office

Natural resources, construction, and 23.4% maintenance

20.1% Production, transportation, and material moving

16.9% Management, business, science, and arts occupations Service occupations 8.5% 34.5% Sales and office occupations

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

23.1% 17.0% Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

10 United States Census Bureau. “Selected Economic Characteristics DP03, Employment Status.” 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_15_5YR_DP03&src=pt Accessed September 29, 2017.

11 FIGURE 8: EMPLOYED POPULATION BY INDUSTRY (MILWAUKEE ON TOP AND STATE BELOW)

Public administration 3.4% Other services, except public administration 4.4% Arts/recreation, accommodation, and food services 10.0% Educational services, and health care and social assistance 26.7% Professional, scientific, and management 10.7% Finance and insurance, and real estate 6.9% Information 1.9% Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 4.6% Retail trade 10.1% Wholesale trade 2.5% Manufacturing 14.9% Construction 3.6% Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 0.4%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

Public administration 3.5% Other services, except public administration 4.2% Arts/recreation, accommodation, and food services 8.7% Educational services, and health care and social assistance 23.3% Professional, scientific, and management 8.1% Finance and insurance, and real estate 6.1% Information 1.7% Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 4.3% Retail trade 11.3% Wholesale trade 2.7% Manufacturing 18.5% Construction 5.3% Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 2.5%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 11

11 United States Census Bureau. “Selected Economic Characteristics DP03, Employment Status.” 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_15_5YR_DP03&src=pt Accessed November 6th, 2017.

12 FIGURE 9: UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, MILWAUKEE COUNTY AND WI, 2007-2016

12.0%

10.0%

8.0%

6.0%

4.0%

2.0%

0.0% 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Milwaukee County 5.8% 5.7% 9.4% 10.0% 9.3% 8.6% 8.4% 6.9% 5.8% 5.1% Wisconsin 4.9% 4.9% 8.6% 8.7% 7.8% 7.0% 6.7% 5.4% 4.6% 4.1%

12 United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Local Area Unemployment Statistics. “Labor Force Data by County,” annual averages. https://www.bls.gov/lau/#tables Accessed Sept. 29, 2017.

13 ALCOHOL RISK FACTORS Section Summary Seventy percent of licensees have liquor for sale for consumption on site. Sixty-three percent of licenses are in Milwaukee, 7.5% are in West Allis, 5.5% are in Wauwatosa, and 3.5% are in Oak Creek. FIGURE 10: ALCOHOL BEVERAGE LICENSES BY JURISDICTION, MILWAUKEE COUNTY AB or Total (By AL or ALB BB or CW BL or BLB Others AC Municipality) Bayside 2 3 5 Brown Deer 4 14 18 Cudahy 1 5 1 36 43 Fox Point 3 6 9 Franklin 18 4 33 55 Glendale 4 7 18 1 30 Greendale 6 1 10 17 Greenfield 8 13 7 38 66 Hales Corners 1 4 5 15 25 Milwaukee 132 157 45 877 2 1,213 Oak Creek 3 23 9 33 68 River Hills 2 2 Shorewood 1 3 1 18 23 Saint Francis 4 1 19 24 South Milwaukee 12 2 32 46 Wauwatosa 1 19 14 70 2 106 West Allis 4 24 8 108 144 West Milwaukee 6 3 11 1 21 Whitefish Bay 1 2 1 5 1 10 Total (By Liq. 152 309 109 1,348 7 1,925 License) 13

CODE DESCRIPTION AB Beer for sale off site (convenience stores, grocery stores) AC Cider for sale off site (convenience stores, grocery stores) 14 AL Liquor for sale off site (drug stores, wineries) ALB Beer, wine, or liquor for sale off site BB Beer for sale on site or off site

BL Liquor for sale on site (winery)

BLB Beer or liquor for sale on site (taverns, supper clubs)

CW Wine for sale on site (restaurants) (usually in conjunction with BB)

13 Wisconsin Department of Revenue. Oct. 4, 2017. “WI Liquor Licenses 2017-18.” Establishments w/in a municipality but outside the county are not included in the table. 14 Wisconsin Department of Revenue. “Liquor License Report, Liquor License Codes.” https://www.revenue.wi.gov/Pages/OnlineServices/liqlicrpt.aspx. Accessed Oct. 25, 2017.

14 FIGURE 10.2: ALCOHOL LICENSES IN MILWAUKEE COUNTY BY JURISDICTION

West Milwaukee Whitefish Bay 1.1% 0.5% Cudahy Franklin Bayside 2.2% Glendale 2.9% 0.3% 1.6% Greenfield West Allis 3.4% South Milwaukee 7.5% 2.4% Wauwatosa 5.5% Saint Francis 1.2% Shorewood 1.2% Hales Corners 1.3% River Hills 0.1%

Oak Creek 3.5%

Milwaukee 63.0%

FIGURE 11: ALCOHOL BEVERAGE LICENSES BY TYPE, 2017-2018 (MILWAUKEE COUNTY ON THE LEFT, STATE ON THE RIGHT)

Others AB or AC Others AB or AC 0% 8% 1% 7%

AL or ALB AL or ALB 16% 18%

BB or CW BB or CW BL or BLB BL or BLB 6% 11% 63% 70%

15 HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE

Injury-to-Death Ratios

Injury-to-death ratios are computed by dividing the total number of crash injuries by the crash fatalities. Higher rates are positive in that fatalities comprise a smaller percentage of crash victims. In general, higher rates are found in the state’s urbanized southeastern and south-central regions and the Fox Valley, where crashes are more likely to occur in more developed areas (and thus at slower speeds). In rural areas, the converse is true (highways and county roads predominate, with crashes occurring at higher average speeds). Generally, rural areas also suffer from a relative lack of proximate hospitals and emergency response services, which means that some crashes which would be survivable in urban areas correspond to fatalities in more rural areas. As can be seen in Figure 12, between 2012 and 2017, Milwaukee County reported a far higher injury-to- death ratio than the state generally (147.1 vs. 73.1). This is among the highest (best) of any counties in the state, likely a result of the fact that Milwaukee County is almost completely urbanized and is well served by hospitals. Emergency Services

As can be seen in Figure 13, Milwaukee County contains numerous trauma centers within its boundaries, including two different level I trauma centers.15 Milwaukee County maintains 28 different emergency providers (listed below in Figure 14). These companies employ 3,108 emergency personnel. Consequently, the county is the site of 3.3 emergency response personnel per 1,000 residents. This is somewhat lower than the state figure of 4.02 emergency response personnel per 1,000 residents.

15 The trauma capacities of hospitals are rated on a I-IV scale, with some remaining unrated; Level I hospitals have the greatest capacity. In the image, brighter colors show hot spots, where crash numbers are (locally) concentrated.

16 FIGURE 12:

17 FIGURE 13:

18 FIGURE 14: NUMBER OF EMT PERSONNEL/JURISDCTION 16

CITY LEVEL NAME PERSONNEL

Milwaukee Paramedic MILWAUKEE FIRE DEPARTMENT 750 Milwaukee Paramedic with Critical Care BELL AMBULANCE INC 312 Endorsement Milwaukee Paramedic with Critical Care Paratech Ambulance Service Inc - 312 Endorsement Milwaukee Operations Milwaukee Paramedic with Critical Care Meda Care Ambulance Service, LLC 293 Endorsement Milwaukee Advanced Emergency Medical Kettle Moraine Ambulance, LLC 292 Technician (AEMT)

Milwaukee Paramedic with Critical Care Paratech Ambulance Service - South 287 Endorsement Operations Milwaukee Paramedic CURTIS UNIVERSAL AMBULANCE SERVICE - 120 MILWAUKEE Brown Deer Paramedic NORTH SHORE FIRE DEPARTMENT 120 West Allis Paramedic WEST ALLIS (CITY OF) FIRE DEPARTMENT 94 Wauwatosa Paramedic WAUWATOSA FIRE DEPARTMENT 92 Greenfield Paramedic GREENFIELD (CITY OF) FIRE DEPARTMENT 54 Oak Creek Paramedic OAK CREEK FIRE DEPARTMENT 53 Franklin Paramedic FRANKLIN FIRE DEPARTMENT 46 Hales Advanced Emergency Medical HALES CORNERS FIRE DEPARTMENT 44 Corners Technician (AEMT)

Milwaukee Paramedic MILWAUKEE COUNTY EMS 42 Milwaukee Emergency Medical Technician 128th Fire and Emergency Services 37 (EMT) Cudahy Emergency Medical Technician CUDAHY FIRE DEPARTMENT 26 (EMT) South Paramedic SOUTH MILWAUKEE FIRE DEPARTMENT 26 Milwaukee Milwaukee Emergency Medical Technician MILWAUKEE COUNTY FIRE DEPARTMENT - 22 (EMT) AIRPORT Greendale Paramedic GREENDALE FIRE DEPARTMENT 20 Fox Point Emergency Medical Responder FOX POINT POLICE DEPARTMENT FIRST 17 (EMR) RESPONDERS Milwaukee TEMS TEAM Milwaukee Fire Department TEMS Unit 9 Milwaukee Paramedic with Critical Care CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF WI-TRANSPORT 7 Endorsement TEAM Oak Creek TEMS TEAM Oak Creek Fire Department TEMS Unit 7 Cudahy TEMS TEAM Cudahy Fire Department TEMS Unit 3 Greenfield TEMS TEAM Greenfield (City of) Fire TEMS Unit 2 Wauwatosa TEMS TEAM Wauwatosa Fire Department TEMS Unit 2

16 Department of Health Services, 2017, Received through Happel, C.

19 FIGURE 14.2: NUMBER AND LEVEL OF EMERGENCY RESPONDERS PER JURISDICTION

20 THE CRASHES

The State of Wisconsin, in a months-long process, solicited input from a diverse variety of stakeholders to create the most recent version of our Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP), a document that guides investment and safety decisions for three years. The plan has ten different issue areas. General crash- related statistics for Milwaukee County are listed below, and then facts and figures are organized to correspond with these ten issue areas. GENERAL CRASH-RELATED STATISTICS FIGURE 15: NUMBER OF CRASHES BY MOST SEVERE INJURY IN THE CRASH AND PERSONS INVOLVED IN CRASHES BY INJURY SEVERITY

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012-2016 Average

Crashes Crashes Crashes Crashes Crashes Crashes

Persons Persons Persons Persons Persons Persons

Fatality 54 59 45 47 62 66 76 81 60 73 59.4 65.2

Incapacitating 326 393 331 389 283 334 286 331 355 431 316.2 375.6 Injury

Non- 1,868 2,421 1,947 2,579 1,937 2,543 2,302 3,085 2,284 3,182 2,067.6 2,762.0 Incapacitating Injury Possible 3,908 5,835 4,180 6,301 4,325 6,508 4,891 7,442 4,891 7,434 4,439.0 6,704.0 Injury

No Apparent 12,893 42,730 14,361 45,998 14,769 47,240 16,615 52,856 17,348 54,979 15,197.2 48,760.6 Injury Totals 19,049 51,438 20,864 55,314 21,376 56,691 24,170 63,795 24,938 66,099 22,079.4 58,667.4

21 FIGURE 16: FATALITIES AND INCAPACITATING INJURIES BY ROLE, MILWAUKEE COUNTY, 2012-2016

PEDESTRIAN 19% BICYCLIST 4% VEHICLE PASSENGER 21%

MOPED USER 1%

MOTORCYCLIST DRIVER 13% 42%

FIGURE 17: FATALITIES AND INCAPACITATING INJURIES BY ROLE, WISCONSIN, 2012-2016

PEDESTRIAN BICYCLIST 7% 3%

VEHICLE PASSENGER 20%

MOPED USER 1% DRIVER 53%

MOTORCYCLIST 16%

Vehicle drivers make up the highest percentage of fatalities and incapacitating injuries within Milwaukee County and the state of Wisconsin.

22 FIGURE 18: FATAL AND INCAPACITATING INJURIES BY AGE IN MILWAUKEE COUNTY, 2012-2016

500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 4 & under 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85 & over

KILLED INCAPACITATING INJURY

FIGURE 19: FATAL AND INCAPACITATING INJURIES BY AGE IN WISCONSIN, 2012-2016

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0 4 & under 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85 & over

KILLED INCAPACITATING INJURY

For both Milwaukee County and the State of Wisconsin, the highest number of Incapacitating Injuries occurred in the age group 15-24. The highest number of Fatalities occurred in the age group 25-34 in Milwaukee County, versus 15-24 for the State.

23 FIGURE 20: TOTAL FATALITIES AND INCAPACITATING INJURIES BY PLACE OF RESIDENCE (MILWAUKEE COUNTY ON LEFT AND STATE OF WISCONSIN ON RIGHT), 2012-2016

Local* 91.77% Non-Local 11.57% Local* 88.38% Non-Local 8.03% Unknown 0.20%

*Local is defined as persons with addresses that have ZIP codes fully or partially within the county. 11% of the fatalities and injuries in Milwaukee County occurred to non-local individuals.

FIGURE 21: FATALITIES AND INCAPACITATING INJURIES BY STATE OF RESIDENCE (MILWAUKEE COUNTY ON LEFT AND STATE OF WI ON RIGHT), 2012-2016

IL, 3% MN, 2% WI, 98% Other, MI, 1% 2% WI, 92% Other, 2%

98% of fatality and injury crashes in Milwaukee County occurred to Wisconsin residents.

FIGURE 22: LOCATION OF CRASHES BY ROAD TYPE IN MILWAUKEE COUNTY, 2012-2016

Total Fatal Crashes Total Non-Fatal Injury Crashes Interstate Highways 6.4% 11.1% US/State Highways 25.9% 24.6% County Highways 0.0% 0.0% Local Roads 67.7% 64.3%

The highest percentage of fatal crashes occurred on local roads within Milwaukee County.

24 FIGURE 23: REPORTING OF FATAL AND SERIOUS INJURY CRASHES BY AGENCY, 2012-2016

LEA TOTAL Bayside Public Safety Department 4 Brown Deer Police Department 42 Cudahy City Police Department 39 Fox Point Police Department 6 Franklin Police Department 52 Glendale Police Department 30 Greendale Police Department 10 Greenfield Police Department 64 Hales Corners Police Department 30 Marquette University Police Department 6 Milwaukee County Sheriff 173 Milwaukee Police Department 1,008 Oak Creek Police Department 61 River Hills Police Department 5 Shorewood Police Department 13 South Milwaukee Police Department 31 St Francis Police Department 9 UW Milwaukee Police Department 1 Wauwatosa Police Department 120 West Allis Police Department 109 West Milwaukee Police Department 36 Whitefish Bay Police Department 22 Wisconsin State Fair Park Police 2 Wisconsin State Patrol 5 Total 1,878 Milwaukee Police Department has the highest reporting of fatal and serious injury crashes within Milwaukee County.

25 ISSUE AREA: IMPROVE SAFETY CULTURE, SAFETY DATA, AND DATA TECHNOLOGY Because this information is difficult to quantify and visualize, we recommend that readers view the most recent edition of the Wisconsin Strategic Highway Safety Plan at the following location: http://wisconsindot.gov/Documents/safety/education/frms-pubs/strategichwy-17-20.pdf

ISSUE AREA: REDUCE DRIVER DISTRACTION/IMPROVE DRIVER ALERTNESS Between 2012 and 2016, Milwaukee County averaged 6 fatalities annually and 1,421 crashes relating to inattentive/distracted driving. Figure 24 shows where such crashes took place along the road network. FIGURE 24: INATTENTION-RELATED FATAL AND INJURY-CAUSING CRASHES BY LOCATION, 2012-2016

Inattention-Related Fatal Crashes Inattention-Related Non-Fatal Injury Crashes Interstate Highways 16.7% 11.1% US/State Highways 30.0% 25.8% County Highways 0.0% 0.0% Local Roads 53.3% 63.1%

The most common location for inattention-related fatal and serious injury crashes in Milwaukee County was on local roads.

ISSUE AREA: REDUCE ALCOHOL & DRUG-IMPAIRED DRIVING FIGURE 25: ALCOHOL OR DRUG-RELATED CRASHES BY LOCATION, 2012-2016

Alcohol or Drug-Related Non-Fatal Alcohol or Drug-Related Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Interstate Highways 6.5% 16.0% US/State Highways 22.2% 21.9% County Highways 0.0% 0.0% Local Roads 71.2% 62.1% The most common location for alcohol/drug-related fatal crashes in Milwaukee County was on local roads.

FIGURE 26: IMPAIRED DRIVING STATISTICS IN MILWAUKEE COUNTY, 2012-2016

Average Alcohol or Drug-Related Average Alcohol or Drug-Related Average Total Fatal Crashes Fatal Crashes Non-Fatal Injury Crashes 59.4 30.6 296.4

% of Alcohol or Drug-Related Fatal Crashes to Milwaukee County 51.5% All Fatal Crashes % of Alcohol or Drug-Related Fatal Crashes to Wisconsin 45.0% All Fatal Crashes

Milwaukee County had a higher percentage of alcohol or drug-related fatal crashes than the state of Wisconsin.

26 ISSUE AREA: REDUCE THE INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF MOTORCYCLE CRASHES FIGURE 27: MILWAUKEE COUNTY MOTORCYCLISTS KILLED OR SERIOUSLY INJURED, 2012-2016

% Killed % Seriously Injured 5-Yr Ave Killed 5-Yr Ave Seriously Injured County 15.6% 12.8% 10.2 48.2 State 15.3% 16.5% 84.8 525.6

Milwaukee County had a lower percentage of motorcyclists seriously injured when compared to the state, but a higher percentage of motorcyclist fatalities.

ISSUE AREA: IMPROVE NON-MOTORIST SAFETY FIGURE 28: MILWAUKEE COUNTY PEDESTRIANS KILLED OR SERIOUSLY INJURED

% Killed % Seriously Injured 5-Yr Ave Killed 5-Yr Ave Seriously Injured County 2.5% 4.1% 1.6 15.4 State 1.8% 2.9% 10.2 92.4

Milwaukee County had higher percentages of crashes where pedestrians were killed and seriously injured, compared to the state.

FIGURE 29: PEDESTRIANS INVOLVED IN CRASHES BY ACTION AND LOCATION, 2012- 2016 PEDESTRIAN PEDESTRIAN LOCATION TOTAL ACTION BLANK IN CROSSWALK IN NOT IN ON ROADWAY ROADWAY SIDEWALK

BLANK 205 414 306 27 96 1,048 WALKING NOT 22 212 189 6 26 455 FACING TRAFFIC DISREGARDED 9 117 30 0 0 156 SIGNAL DARTING INTO 41 56 500 3 2 602 ROAD DARK CLOTHING 5 53 51 0 4 113 WALKING 22 221 88 7 28 366 FACING TRAFFIC TOTAL 304 1,073 1,164 43 156 2,740 The most common pedestrian action contributing to crashes was darting into the roadway.

27 FIGURE 30: MILWAUKEE COUNTY BICYCLISTS KILLED OR SERIOUSLY INJURED, 2012-2016

% Seriously 5-Yr Ave 5-Yr Ave Seriously % Killed Injured Killed Injured County 22.7% 18.6% 14.8 70.0 State 8.1% 6.6% 44.8 211.2 Milwaukee County had higher percentages of crashes where bicyclists were killed or seriously injured, compared to the state.

ISSUE AREA: IMPROVE SAFETY OF INTERSECTIONS FIGURE 31: MILWAUKEE COUNTY TOTAL CRASHES BY LOCATION, 2012-2016

County State % Intersection 47.5% 37.8% % Non-Intersection 52.5% 62.8% There were more crashes at intersections in Milwaukee County, compared to the state of Wisconsin.

ISSUE AREA: INCREASE OCCUPANT PROTECTION FIGURE 32: SEATBELT USE STATEWIDE, 2012-2017

89.4 88.4

85.8 84.7

82.4

79.9

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Seatbelt usage statewide has increased over the past six years.

FIGURE 32.2: SAFETY EQUIPMENT USAGE IN PASSENGER CAR AND LIGHT TRUCKS DURING CRASHES, 2012-2016

Belted Unbelted Fatalities and Serious Injuries 65.2% 34.8%

34% of the people killed or seriously injured in crashes in Milwaukee County were unbelted.

28 ISSUE AREA: CURB AGGRESSIVE DRIVING/REDUCE SPEED-RELATED CRASHES FIGURE 33: DRIVER POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTING CIRCUMSTANCES FOR CRASHES IN MILWAUKEE COUNTY (TOP) AND STATEWIDE (BOTTOM), 2012-2016

INATTENTIVE DRIVING 21%

FAILURE TO CONTROL 17%

FAIL YIELD R-O-WAY 16%

SPEED TOO FAST/COND 11%

FOLLOWING TOO CLOSE 10%

DRIVER CONDITION 5%

OTHER CATAGORIES 20%

INATTENTIVE DRIVING 21%

FAIL YIELD R-O-WAY 20%

FAILURE TO CONTROL 15%

FOLLOWING TOO CLOSE 11%

DISGRD TRAFFIC CNTL 7%

SPEED TOO FAST/COND 6%

OTHER CATAGORIES 21%

Inattentive driving was the most significant contributing factor for all crashes within Milwaukee County.

29 FIGURE 34: SPEEDING STATISTICS IN MILWAUKEE COUNTY, 2012-2017 Average Speed-Related Fatal Average Speed-Related Non-Fatal Injury Crashes Crashes 22.6 1,029.6

% of Speed-Related Fatal Crashes to Milwaukee County 38.0% All Fatal Crashes

% of Speed-Related Fatal Crashes to Wisconsin 28.9% All Fatal Crashes

Speed-Related Fatal Crashes Speed-Related Non-Fatal Injury Crashes Interstate Highways 4.4% 27.1% US/State Highways 23.9% 23.7% County Highways 0.0% 0.0% Local Roads 71.7% 49.2%

Milwaukee County had a higher percentage of speed-related fatal crashes than the state. The most common location for speed-related fatal crashes in Milwaukee County was on local roads.

ISSUE AREA: REDUCE LANE DEPARTURE CRASHES FIGURE 35: MILWAUKEE COUNTY RUN-OFF-THE-ROAD CRASHES, 2012-2016 5 Year Average of Run-Off- % of Run-Off-the-Road crashes the-Road crashes to total crashes County 4,646.6 21.0% State 30,395.6 25.4%

Milwaukee County had a lower percentage of run-off-the-road crashes when compared to the state.

30 THE IMPACT

Section Summary

In Milwaukee County, the number of persons involved in crashes is high. The number of crash-related emergency room visits is very high.

2011-2015 Annual Averages

Milwaukee County Wisconsin Average Annual Population 951,449 5,716,883

Persons in Crashes 61.9 46.0 (per 1,000 residents) Crash-Related Emergency Room Visits 657.8 407.3 (per 100,000 residents) Crash-Related Hospitalizations 47.6 49.3 (per 100,000 residents) Quality of Life Costs $32,296,915 $36,819,900 (per 100,000 residents) Lost Years of Life 2.19 3.04 (per 1,000 residents) Medical Costs $11,623,389 $10,482,526 (per 100,000 residents) 17,18

17University of Wisconsin-Madison, Center for Health Systems Research & Analysis. Wisconsin Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System Project. “Wisconsin CODES Report Builder Custom Reporting System,” http://www.chsra.wisc.edu/codes/query/overview.html Accessed Oct. 2, 2017. 18University of Wisconsin-Madison, Center for Health Systems Research & Analysis. Wisconsin Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System Project. “Community Crash Reports,” http://www.chsra.wisc.edu/codes/community/default.htm Accessed Oct. 3, 2017.

31 THE GRANTS

The following section shows the agencies that participated in grants in FY 2016.

2016 Grant Participation Impaired Driving Occupant Protection Speed Milwaukee County Sheriff's $49,918.20 BaysideOffice Police Dept. $7,600 Brown Deer Police Dept. on task force Cudahy Police Dept. $24,960 $70,000 $70,000 Fox Point Police Dept. on task force Franklin Police Dept. $34,968 $39,928 $19,879 Greendale Police Dept. $9,999.36 task force with Franklin Greenfield Police Dept. $14,976 task force with West Allis Hales Corners Police Dept. $14,850 task force with Franklin Milwaukee Police Dept. $150,000 $80,000 $149,999.99 Oak Creek Police Dept. $24,900 River Hills Police Dept. $15,072 $11,083.50 Shorewood Police Dept. $14,407.20 $14,727.36 South Milwaukee Police Dept. $10,176 task force with Cudahy task force with Cudahy St. Francis Police Dept. $9,975 task force with Cudahy task force with Cudahy UW-Milwaukee Police Dept. Wauwatosa Police Dept. $27,950 task force with West Allis West Allis Police Dept. $49,920 $99,840 $39,840 West Milwaukee Police Dept. $9,877.68 task force with West Allis Whitefish Bay Police Dept. $7,507.20

In 2016, the Milwaukee Pedestrian HVE Task Force consisted of Milwaukee Police Dept., UW-Milwaukee Police Dept., and Marquette University Police Dept. Milwaukee Police Dept. received a bicycle safety enforcement grant in 2016.

2017 Task Forces Name Grant Amount Milwaukee County Southeast OWI Enforcement Task Force $60,000 Milwaukee County Central OWI Enforcement Task Force $109,800 Milwaukee County Northwest OWI Enforcement Task Force $39,600 Milwaukee County Southwest OWI Enforcement Task Force $63,000 Milwaukee County Northeast OWI Enforcement Task Force $39,936 Milwaukee County Southeast Speed Enforcement Task Force $50,000 Milwaukee County Central Speed Enforcement Task Force $80,000 Milwaukee County Northwest Speed Enforcement Task Force $39,600 Milwaukee County Southwest Speed Enforcement Task Force $19,990.80 Milwaukee County Southeast Seatbelt Enforcement Task Force $60,000 Milwaukee County Central Seatbelt Enforcement Task Force $54,600 Milwaukee County Northwest Seatbelt Enforcement Task Force $35,040 Milwaukee County Southwest Seatbelt Enforcement Task Force $51,972

32 2017 Task Force Participation Impaired Driving Occupant Protection Speed Milwaukee County Sheriff's SE OWI Task Force SE Seatbelt Task Force SE Speed Task Force BaysideOffice Police Dept. NE OWI Task Force Brown Deer Police Dept. Cudahy Police Dept. SE OWI Task Force SE Seatbelt Task Force SE Speed Task Force Fox Point Police Dept. NE OWI Task Force Franklin Police Dept. SW OWI Task Force SW Seatbelt Task Force SW Speed Task Force Glendale Police Dept. Central OWI Task Force Central Seatbelt Task Force Central Speed Task Greendale Police Dept. SW OWI Task Force SW Seatbelt Task Force SWForce Speed Task Force Greenfield Police Dept. SW OWI Task Force SW Seatbelt Task Force SW Speed Task Force Hales Corners Police Dept. SW OWI Task Force SW Seatbelt Task Force SW Speed Task Force Milwaukee Police Dept. Central OWI Task Force Central Seatbelt Task Force Central Speed Task Oak Creek Police Dept. Force River Hills Police Dept. NE OWI Task Force Shorewood Police Dept. Central OWI Task Force Central Seatbelt Task Force Central Speed Task South Milwaukee Police SE OWI Task Force SE Seatbelt Task Force SEForce Speed Task Force St.Dept Francis. Police Dept. SE OWI Task Force SE Seatbelt Task Force SE Speed Task Force UW-Milwaukee Police Dept. Wauwatosa Police Dept. NW OWI Task Force NW Seatbelt Task Force NW Speed Task Force West Allis Police Dept. NW OWI Task Force NW Seatbelt Task Force NW Speed Task Force West Milwaukee Police NW OWI Task Force NW Seatbelt Task Force NW Speed Task Force WhitefishDept. Bay Police Dept. Central OWI Task Force Central Seatbelt Task Force Central Speed Task Force Milwaukee Police Department and UW-Milwaukee Police Department received enforcement grants in 2017 focusing on motorist violations that negatively impact pedestrian and bicyclist safety.

2018 Task Force Eligibility Impaired Driving Occupant Protection Speed All Milwaukee County Law Enforcement Agencies Yes Yes Yes

33 Agency Mobilizations 2016-2017 FY2016 2016 Click 2016 FY2017 2017 Click 2017 Drive It or Drive Drive It or Drive Sober or Ticket Sober or Sober or Ticket Sober or Get Get Get Get Pulled Pulled Pulled Pulled Over- Over – Over- Over – Winter Labor Day Winter Labor Day Holidays Holidays Milwaukee County Sheriff's Office Bayside Police Dept. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Brown Deer Police Dept. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Cudahy Police Dept. Yes Fox Point Police Dept. Yes Yes Yes Yes Franklin Police Dept. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Glendale Police Dept. Greendale Police Dept. Yes Greenfield Police Dept. Yes Hales Corners Police Dept. Yes Yes Yes Yes Milwaukee Police Dept. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Oak Creek Police Dept. River Hills Police Dept. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Shorewood Police Dept. Yes Yes Yes Yes South Milwaukee Police Dept. Yes Yes St. Francis Police Dept. Yes UW-Milwaukee Police Dept. Yes Wauwatosa Police Dept. West Allis Police Dept. West Milwaukee Police Dept. Whitefish Bay Police Dept. Yes Yes

The Wisconsin State Patrol participates in all three mobilizations each year. Law enforcement agencies should participate for the chance to receive an equipment grant for ongoing high-visibility enforcement.