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Redalyc.Geostrophic Currents in the Presence of an Internal Waves Field e-Gnosis E-ISSN: 1665-5745 [email protected] Universidad de Guadalajara México Plata, Luis; Filonov, Anatoliy; Tereshchenko, Irina; Nelly, Liza; Monzón, César; Avalos, David; Vargas, Carlos Geostrophic currents in the presence of an internal waves field in Bahía de Banderas, México e-Gnosis, núm. 4, 2006, p. 0 Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=73000418 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative © 2006, e-Gnosis [online] Vol. 4, Art. 18 Geostrophic currents in the presense…Plata L. et al. GEOSTROPHIC CURRENTS IN THE PRESENCE OF AN INTERNAL WAVES FIELD IN BAHÍA DE BANDERAS, MEXICO CORRIENTES GEOSTRÓFICAS EN PRESENCIA DE UN CAMPO DE ONDAS INTERNAS EN LA BAHÍA DE BANDERAS,MÉXICO Luis Plata 1, Anatoliy Filonov 2, Irina Tereshchenko 2, Liza Nelly 3, César Monzón 2, David Avalos 4 and Carlos Vargas 2 [email protected] / [email protected] / [email protected] / [email protected] / [email protected] / [email protected] / [email protected] Recibido: marzo 28, 2006 / Aceptado: diciembre 12, 2006 / Publicado: diciembre 20, 2006 ABSTRACT. The characteristics of internal waves in Bahía de Banderas were determined by means of oscillating CTD casts from a fast oceanographic survey done on April 24 and 25, 2001. Previous studies have shown that the continental shelf of the Mexican Pacific, including Bahía de Banderas, possesses favorable conditions for the generation on internal waves. Fluctuations of the hydrophysical characteristics of the continental shelf caused by the presence and propagation of internal waves are smoothed using a filter whose parameters are determined by the shape of the spatial correlation function of the field pulses relative to the analyzed characteristic. Once internal waves are filtered, temperature, salinity and geostrophic velocity fields are shown for different depths and the general pattern of the geostrophic circulation in the bay is discussed. The strongest currents were present south of Islas Marietas and at the east zone of the bay. It can be stated that the geostrophic circulation in the bay in spring has an important role in the water masses exchange between the zone close to the east coast, inside the bay, and the open ocean. KEYWORDS. Geostrophic currents, internal waves, temperature and salinity fields, Bahía de Banderas. RESUMEN. Las características de las ondas internas en la Bahía de Banderas fueron determinadas por medio de lances con un CTD ondulante a partir de un muestreo oceanográfico rápido realizado los días 24 y 25 de abril de 2001. Estudios previos han mostrado que la plataforma continental del Pacífico mexicano, incluyendo la Bahía de Banderas, presenta condiciones favorables para la generación de ondas internas. Las fluctuaciones de las características hidrofísicas en el área de estudio fueron suavizadas mediante un filtro cuyos parámetros están determinados por la forma de la función de correlación espacial de los pulsos del campo de la característica analizada. Una vez filtrado el efecto de las ondas internas, se muestran los campos de temperatura, salinidad y velocidad geostrófica para diferentes profundidades y se discute el comportamiento de la circulación geostrófica en la bahía. Las corrientes más intensas se presentaron en la parte sur de las Islas Marietas y en la zona este de la bahía. Puede establecerse que la circulación geostrófica en primavera en el área de estudio tiene un papel importante en el intercambio de masas entre la zona próxima a la costa este, dentro de la bahía, y el océano abierto. PALABRAS CLAVE. Corrientes geostróficas, ondas internas, campos de temperatura y salinidad, Bahía de Banderas. 1 Posgrado en Oceanografía Costera, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Álvaro Obregón y Julián Carrillo s/n Colonia Nueva, Mexicali, B. C., 21100, México – iio.ens.uabc.mx/ 2 Departamento de Física del Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías de la Universidad de Guadalajara. Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán No. 1451, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44430, México - www.cucei.udg.mx/ 3 Posgrado en Desarrollo Sustentable y Turismo, Centro Universitario de La Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara. Av. Universidad de Guadalajara No. 203, Delegación Ixtapa. Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, 48280, México - www.cuc.udg.mx 4 Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Circuito exterior, C. U., Coyoacán, México, 04510 D. F. – www.mar.icmyl.unam.mx ISSN: 1665-5745 -1/43- www.e-gnosis.udg.mx/vol4/art18 © 2006, e-Gnosis [online] Vol. 4, Art. 18 Geostrophic currents in the presense…Plata L. et al. 1. Introduction The dynamics of water masses on the continental shelf of the Mexican Pacific coast is affected by barotropic and baroclinic tide. Internal tides are known to cause significant vertical variations in all hydrophysical parameters on the continental shelf. The spatial slopes of the dynamic heights on the continental shelf can be up to one order of magnitude greater than the normal values of the open ocean. Seiwell [1] and later Defant [2] were the first to show that internal tides may cause the temperature and salinity measurements on the continental shelf to provide different results with respect to the geostrophic currents, depending on the tidal phase in which they were taken. Since the publication of Defant’s work [2] on the reality and illusion in oceanographic measurements in regions with intense internal waves, researchers became aware of this intimidating problem and ceased to calculate geostrophic currents even in areas on the continental shelf where geostrophic balance can be maintained. Filonov et al. [3] proposed a method to conduct a fast oceanographic survey with an oscillating CTD in a grid of numerous and successive stations that would allow them to filter these data and to remove the influence of internal waves. The filtering method proposed by Filonov [4] is based on a smoothing of the fields of temperature and salinity with a filter, whose parameters are determined by the shape of the spatial correlation function of the field’s pulses. The filtering method was successfully tested using data from a fast oceanographic survey near Barra de Navidad, Mexico [4]. Internal waves have important scientific relevance because they play a fundamental role in the vertical and horizontal mixing. The generation of internal wave vary considerably from one place to another as regards the function of the bottom slope ( = dz dx ) and the stratification of the water column (N2). The latter determines the inclination of the upward internal tide energy flux’s path, i.e., the slope of the characteristic ray: =arc tan [(N 2 2)/ (2f 2)]-0.5,where is the barotropic tide wave’s frequency. Energy transmission from barotropic to baroclinic tide is more effective when 1, which is considered a critical value. If < 1 (>1), the energy is transmitted to the coast (out from the coast) [5]. Based on this criterion, previous studies have shown that the continental shelf of the Mexican Pacific, from Manzanillo (Colima) to Bahía de Banderas (Jalisco and Nayarit), possesses favorable conditions for the generation of internal waves of large amplitude [11]. Previous investigations [11-17] have shown that the main characteristics of the internal tides in the continental shelf of the Mexican Pacific coast are very discernible. The internal tide includes a dominant semidiurnal tide, which is represented by a strong signal and a high peak in the spectrum of temperature oscillations. The barotropic tide in the survey area has a mixed character with a dominant semidiurnal component. Coastal areas experienced distorted semidiurnal internal waves traveling coastward. Studies based on the Baines’ model [5] showed that here the energy flow of the barotropic tide to the internal tide can vary significantly at different sections of the slope, depending on the arrival angle of the barotropic wave relative to that of the slope. With a perpendicular arrival, the energy flux has a maximum with the value 763 W/m2, and the extent of the initial internal disturbance is of 4.9 m [11]. Nonlinear disintegration of waves and instability of their sinusoidal shape, as they propagate to the coast, sometimes give rise to the generation of bores or solitons [7, 18, 19]. As a result, the energy from the upward internal tide is completely dispersed on the continental shelf, giving rise to the formation of successively shorter internal waves and, at the same time, provoking changes in the stratification and mixing of the water column. ISSN: 1665-5745 -2/43- www.e-gnosis.udg.mx/vol4/art18 © 2006, e-Gnosis [online] Vol. 4, Art. 18 Geostrophic currents in the presense…Plata L. et al. Study area Location Bahía de Banderas (Figure 1), delimited by an imaginary line west of Punta de Mita in the north and Cabo Corrientes in the south, is approximately 1000 km2 (Figure 1). The average width (north-south) of the bay is about 30 km and it has an approximate length (east-west) of 40 km. To the south and the east, the bay is surrounded by a mountain range with maximum heights of 1500 m. To the north, there are ridges with elevations from 500 to 750 m. Among the mountains of the east and the ridges of the north, there is a valley with a width of 15 km. Ameca River flows through this valley, which is the largest one of the region; the mouth of the river is 10 km north of Puerto Vallarta. Bathymetry During November-December, 2001 we have taken field measurements of the bay’s depth using an echo sounder L750 Fishfinder (Raytheon Electronics) and GPS (Global Positioning System) GARMIN.
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