Profile of children and young people in Greenwich December 2010
www.greenwich.gov.uk Profile of Children and Young People in Greenwich
Introduction...... 3
Section 1: Profile of Greenwich and its Children and Young People ...... 5 Introduction...... 5 1.1 Child Population...... 8 1.2 Ethnicity of Population...... 9 1.3 Population Projections...... 12 1.4 Religion and Belief...... 13 1.5 School Population ...... 14 1.6 Vulnerable Groups...... 27
Section 2: Be Healthy...... 31 Introduction...... 31 2.1 Infant Mortality...... 36 2.2 Low Birthweight...... 36 2.3 Life Expectancy...... 37 2.4 Immunisation...... 37 2.5 Breastfeeding...... 38 2.6 Asthma ...... 39 2.7 Dental Health...... 40 2.8 Healthy Lifestyles ...... 40 2.9 Smoking...... 44 2.10 Substance Misuse ...... 44 2.11 Teenage Conceptions...... 47 2.12 Chlamydia...... 50 2.13 Mental Health ...... 51
Section 3: Stay Safe...... 53 Introduction...... 53 3.1 Child Protection...... 58 3.2 Looked After Children ...... 59 3.3 Domestic Violence ...... 63 3.4 Children in Need ...... 64 3.5 Accidents ...... 70 3.6 Bullying and Discrimination ...... 71 3.7 Victims of Crime...... 72
1 Section 4: Enjoy and Achieve...... 75 Introduction...... 75 4.1 Early Years and Childcare...... 81 4.2 Schools ...... 88 4.3 Educational Achievement...... 91 Foundation Stage Profile...... 91 Key Stage 1...... 94 Key Stage 2...... 100 Key Stage 3...... 106 Key Stage 4/GCSE...... 109 Key Stage 5/Post 16...... 113 4.4 Attainment of Looked After Children ...... 114 4.5 Attendance ...... 115 4.6 Exclusions ...... 119
Section 5: Make a Positive Contribution...... 127 Introduction...... 127 5.1 Integrated Youth Support Services - Education, Employment and Training Team...... 130 5.2 Integrated Youth Support Services - Youth Service...... 132 5.3 Young Offenders...... 134 5.4 Libraries...... 138
Section 6: Economic Well-Being...... 141 Introduction...... 141 6.1 Child Poverty and Benefits ...... 143 6.2 Deprivation...... 146 6.3 Deprivation in Schools...... 147 6.4 Attainment and Deprivation...... 149 6.5 Young People Not in Education, Employment or Training ...... 151 6.6 Housing ...... 157
Glossary ...... 159
Greenwich’s Statistical Neighbour Local Authorities...... 160
2 Introduction
This document brings together data about the lives of children and young people in Greenwich. It draws on work undertaken by agencies working to improve the life chances and experiences of children and young people in the borough. It is structured around the five key outcomes of Every Child Matters, given statutory force through the Children Act 2004. The analysis underpins our service improvement planning, in particular, Greenwich’s Children and Young People Plan.
Status of the attainment data
All 2010 Early Years Foundation Stage Profile and Key Stage 1-5 data are final validated results.
Descriptions of characters used in this document
We have used certain reporting conventions in the tables throughout this document. These are: n/a = not applicable - = less than 5 individuals -- = not available
Acknowledgements
The Information, Research and Statistics team would like to thank all of the individuals and teams who supplied information for this profile. This includes staff throughout Children’s Services, other council departments and our partners in NHS Greenwich for their contribution.
3 Section One
Profile of Greenwich and its children and young people Section 1: Profile of Greenwich and its Children and Young People
Greenwich is one of 33 London boroughs, covering an area of over 5,000 hectares and including 15 kilometres of river embankment. Greenwich is famous the world over for its industrial, military, maritime and royal heritage. However, Greenwich is also a borough of great contrasts and diversity which is experiencing huge social, economic, structural and cultural change.
• Greenwich has a wealth of open space (one of the features of the borough which residents say they like most) and a rich built heritage, including Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site, twenty conservation areas and nearly a thousand listed buildings. • Housing covers 35% of the land, primarily terraced housing (35%) and flats (32%). Nearly 38% of residents live in council or Registered Social Landlord accommodation compared with 25% across London. • Greenwich is one of the twelve boroughs that make up the Thames Gateway, the United Kingdom’s largest regeneration area. This development will contribute to the projected increase in the borough’s population over the next decade. • The Greater London Authority's (GLA) 2009 population projections estimate that there are 235,235 people living in Greenwich in 2010. 51% of the borough’s population is estimated to be female and 49% male, while 64% of the population is of working age, 24% is under the age of 16, and 12% is over 65 years old.
Population Growth
Population growth in Greenwich was relatively slow between 1971 and 2001, owing to a trend of de- urbanisation across London as a whole and more locally due to the effects of economic decline in the area. More recently Greenwich has benefited from its position within the Thames Gateway and has been the focus of large-scale housing and infrastructure developments around Thamesmead, Woolwich and the Greenwich Peninsula.
• The GLA projections suggest that over the next 10 years from 2010 to 2020, Greenwich will gain an additional 40,532 residents (GLA's 2009 Population Projection), rising to 275,767, a 17.2% increase compared to a 7.6% increase for London overall.
Population Profile
Children and young people (up to and including age 19) make up approximately one quarter of Greenwich’s population. There are slightly more males (52%) than females (48%) aged 0 to 19 years. Greenwich’s younger population is more diverse than the overall population and although the largest ethnic group is White British, there are higher proportions of children from minority ethnic groups compared with the whole Greenwich resident population.
• Between 2010 and 2020 the proportion of the borough’s population from a Black or Minority Ethnic background (BME) is expected to increase from 33.7% to 39% and to 41.2% by 2030. • The largest growth is expected in the Black African, Indian, Pakistani, Chinese and Other Asian populations, with the most recently emerging ethnic group being Nepalese. • Of the additional 40,532 people expected to be living in the borough by 2020, over 80% are projected to be from a BME background.
5 The changing ethnic make up of the borough will have implications for the types of services that may be required and how the services are delivered. Diseases that tend to have a high prevalence in these expanding ethnic groups are likely to become more prevalent in Greenwich, including increasing cases of sickle cell, diabetes and certain cancers.
Ward-based estimates show that the wards with the highest non-white population are in the north of the borough: Woolwich Common (41%); Woolwich Riverside (36%); Glyndon (38%); and Plumstead (35%). While the resident population of Greenwich is relatively diverse, the school age population is more diverse and over 50% of children in Greenwich schools are from a Black or Minority Ethnic background.
• In the primary school population 41% of pupils are from a White British or Irish background while 59% of pupils are from a Black or Minority Ethnic background. • In the secondary school population 44% of pupils are from a White British or Irish background while 55% of pupils are from a Black or Minority Ethnic background, with 1% not yet recorded.
Deprivation and income poverty continue to be major factors in Greenwich. Greenwich is the 24th most deprived local authority in England and the 8th most deprived in London (based on the Index of Multiple Deprivation – IMD). Many Greenwich residents live in areas of high density housing, experiencing low income, unemployment, educational and health disadvantage and their children grow up in areas of deprivation with poor housing and without access to spaces to play safely. The demand for social housing far outstrips supply. Single parent families are more likely to be living in deprived circumstances and unable to take up economic opportunities available to other households.
School Population
The number of pupils on roll of a Greenwich school was 37,075 in January 2010; slightly higher than in 2009 (36,828) but slightly lower than the 37,128 on roll in 2006. The number of pupils on roll in primary schools has been rising from 21,185 in January 2006 to 21,737 in 2010, while the number on roll in secondary schools has decreased from 15,188 in January 2006 to 14,498 in 2010.
• The latest school roll projections suggest that the primary school population aged 4 to 10 years old will rise by 19% between 2010 and 2015. • The secondary school population aged 11 to 15 years is projected to increase by only 2.4% over the same period.
The proportion of children who are eligible for free school meals (FSM) in Greenwich is around twice the national rate.
• The rate is 31% in primary schools, compared with the national rate of 17%, and • The rate is 29% in secondary schools, compared with the national rate of 14%.
6 The proportion of children with statements of special educational needs (SEN) in Greenwich is higher than the national rate.
• The rate is 1.6% in primary schools, compared with the national rate of 1.4%, and • The rate is 3.5% in secondary schools, compared with the national rate of 2.0%.
The school census has been collecting data on the language spoken by children and young people since January 2007.
• There are 13,176 children and young people in Greenwich schools who have English as an additional language (EAL). • There are at least 140 languages other than English spoken in Greenwich schools. • The most commonly spoken languages in Greenwich schools after English are: Yoruba, Somali, Nepali, French, Turkish, Vietnamese, Panjabi, Igbo, Chinese, Urdu and Bengali.
School Places
The number of surplus places in primary schools has declined from 2,700 in 2009 to 1,864, reflecting growing pressure for places in reception classes across the borough. The number of surplus places in secondary schools also declined from 2,483 in 2009 to 884, mainly as a result of the closure of Abbey Wood secondary school. In response to the growing pressure for primary school places, the Council has been awarded additional capital grants which will be deployed in 2010/11 to provide up to 1,000 new primary school places through expansion and improvements to accommodation at existing primary schools.
Apart from a slight drop in 2008, the number of births in Greenwich has been rising year on year since 2002.
• The number of births reached a ten year high in 2009 with 4,480 births. • The number of births for the first half of 2010 is already indicating that the upward trend will continue throughout 2010 and probably for the next few years. • The expected drop in fertility rates from 2008 has not materialised.
These trends in the birth rate reinforce the need for additional Reception Year classes to cater for the expected rising demand. On the basis of the latest school roll projections from the GLA and Greenwich’s own estimates, the conclusion is that the Borough will need at least 17 new Reception Year classes by 2014.
The level of demand for additional primary places and the balance between temporary and permanent provision will depend on whether the Council remains on track to achieve its Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA) target of 2,950 new homes by 2021. It will also depend on trends in fertility rate in the borough and whether the fall in net migration in 2008/9 continues into the medium term. This is particularly relevant against the backdrop of recent changes to housing benefit levels which may precipitate a higher level of inward migration to the borough by people from other parts of London attracted by relatively cheaper social rental housing.
7 1.1 Child Population
Table 1.1.1 Population profile of children and young people in Greenwich in 2010, by age and gender Ages Males Females Total 0 2,135 1,945 4,080 1 2,176 1,955 4,131 2 2,176 2,121 4,297 3 2,039 2,076 4,115 4 1,889 1,860 3,749 Under 5: 10,415 9,957 20,372 5 1,785 1,751 3,536 6 1,580 1,545 3,125 7 1,507 1,470 2,977 8 1,449 1,408 2,857 9 1,407 1,386 2,793 10 1,420 1,410 2,830 Age 5 to 10: 9,148 8,970 18,118 11 1,397 1,362 2,759 12 1,415 1,363 2,778 13 1,437 1,400 2,837 14 1,465 1,356 2,821 15 1,454 1,310 2,764 Age 11 to 15: 7,168 6,791 13,959 16 1,497 1,336 2,833 17 1,474 1,414 2,888 18 1,558 1,422 2,980 19 1,433 1,339 2,772 Age 16 to 19: 5,962 5,511 11,473 Ages 0 to 19: 32,693 31,229 63,922 Source: GLA 2009 SHLAA
8 1.2 Ethnicity of Population
Table 1.2.1 shows the proportion of the Greenwich population who were in each ethnic group in the 2001 Census. In the 2001 Census, 70.6% of Greenwich’s population was White British. The largest minority ethnic group was Black African, accounting for 7.1% of the population, followed by Indian at 4.4% and Other White background at 4.3%.
Table 1.2.1 Population profile of Greenwich in 2001, by ethnic group Ethnic Group Number % Bangladeshi 1,225 0.6% Indian 9,397 4.4% Asian Pakistani 1,902 0.9% Other Asian background 2,015 0.9% Black African 15,302 7.1% Black Black Caribbean 6,755 3.2% Other Black background 1,697 0.8% White and Asian 1,328 0.6% White and Black African 942 0.4% Mixed White and Black Caribbean 2,203 1.0% Other Mixed background 1,387 0.6% White British 151,291 70.6% White White Irish 4,862 2.3% Other White background 9,182 4.3% Chinese 2,540 1.2% Other Other ethnic group 2,375 1.1% All People 214,403 100.0% Source: Census 2001
9 Table 1.2.2 shows that the profile of Greenwich’s under 16 population is more diverse than the population overall. For example, the Black African ethnic group represents 10.5% of the under 16 population compared to 7.1% of the whole Greenwich population.
Table 1.2.2 Profile of Greenwich’s under 16 population in 2001, by ethnic group Under 5 5 to 15 Under 16 Ethnic Group Number % Number % Number % Bangladeshi 259 1.7% 260 0.8% 519 1.1% Indian 630 4.1% 1,804 5.8% 2,434 5.2% Asian Pakistani 185 1.2% 465 1.5% 650 1.4% Other Asian background 145 0.9% 235 0.8% 380 0.8% Black African 2,035 13.1% 2,862 9.2% 4,897 10.5% Black Black Caribbean 409 2.6% 1,085 3.5% 1,494 3.2% Other Black background 271 1.7% 413 1.3% 684 1.5% White and Asian 212 1.4% 298 1.0% 510 1.1% White and Black African 214 1.4% 240 0.8% 454 1.0% Mixed White and Black Caribbean 451 2.9% 823 2.6% 1,274 2.7% Other Mixed background 257 1.7% 394 1.3% 651 1.4% White British 9,504 61.2% 20,259 65.2% 29,763 63.9% White White Irish 124 0.8% 245 0.8% 369 0.8% Other White background 474 3.1% 811 2.6% 1,285 2.8% Chinese 155 1.0% 420 1.4% 575 1.2% Other Other ethnic group 195 1.3% 450 1.4% 645 1.4% All people under 16 15,520 100.0% 31,064 100.0% 46,584 100.0% Source: Census 2001
10 Table 1.2.3 shows that the ethnic profile for the 16 to 19 age group is similar to the under 16 group. The two largest ethnic groups after White British (65%) are Black African (8.3%) and Indian (6.2%).
Table 1.2.3 Greenwich’s 16 to 19 population in 2001, by ethnic group 16 to 19 Ethnic Group Number % Bangladeshi 90 0.8% Indian 663 6.2% Asian Pakistani 136 1.3% Other Asian background 125 1.2% Black African 893 8.3% Black Black Caribbean 444 4.1% Other Black background 167 1.5% White and Asian 74 0.7% White and Black African 68 0.6% Mixed White and Black Caribbean 177 1.6% Other Mixed background 80 0.7% White British 7,004 65.0% White White Irish 103 1.0% Other White background 372 3.5% Chinese 231 2.1% Other Other ethnic group 151 1.4% All people 16-19 10,778 100.0% Source: Census 2001
11 1.3 Population Projections
Table 1.3.1 Population projections for Greenwich to 2021, by ward Population 2001 2011 2021 Abbey Wood 13,540 13,961 14,066 Blackheath Westcombe 12,197 12,397 12,417 Charlton 12,778 12,793 12,533 Coldharbour and New Eltham 12,573 12,467 12,242 Eltham North 12,438 12,526 12,360 Eltham South 11,764 11,889 11,922 Eltham West 13,597 13,723 17,158 Glyndon 14,070 15,519 15,304 Greenwich West 11,438 14,135 17,181 Kidbrooke with Hornfair 12,245 12,958 12,692 Middle Park and Sutcliffe 12,987 12,936 12,868 Peninsula 10,332 14,171 36,041 Plumstead 14,275 14,482 14,160 Shooters Hill 13,018 13,075 12,819 Thamesmead Moorings 11,930 16,961 20,615 Woolwich Common 15,138 16,396 19,600 Woolwich Riverside 12,935 17,755 25,213 Greenwich 217,255 238,144 279,191 Source: GLA 2009 SHLAA
Chart 1.3.2 Greenwich population projections to 2021 of children under 16, by gender Males Females 40,000
30,000
20,000 agedunder 16 10,000 Populationof Greenwich
0 2001 2011 2021
Source: GLA 2009 SHLAA
12 Table 1.3.3 Population at census, current year and projected to 2021, by ethnic group Ethnic Group 2001 (Census) 2010 2021 Indian 4.4% 4.8% 5.1% Pakistani 0.9% 1.4% 1.6% Asian Bangladeshi 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% Other Asian background 1.6% 2.7% 3.3% Black Caribbean 3.1% 3.4% 3.5% Black Black African 7.2% 13.2% 16.3% Other Black background 2.3% 3.0% 3.3% White White 77.1% 66.3% 60.7% Chinese 1.2% 1.7% 2.1% Other Other ethnic group 1.7% 2.7% 3.2% Source: GLA 2009 SHLAA
1.4 Religion and Belief
In the 2001 Census, residents were asked to state their religion. This was a voluntary question and 90.7% of Greenwich residents chose to provide this information.
Table 1.4.1 Religious beliefs of Greenwich residents in 2001 Religion Number % Christian 131,924 61.5% Buddhist 1,997 0.9% Hindu 4,251 2.0% Jewish 464 0.2% Muslim 9,199 4.3% Sikh 4,704 2.2% Other religion 616 0.3% No religion 41,365 19.3% Religion not stated 19,883 9.3% All people 214,403 100.0% Source: Census 2001
13 Table 1.4.2 Religious beliefs of Greenwich residents aged under 16 in 2001 Religion Under 16 Under 16 % Christian 24,358 52.2% Buddhist 466 1.0% Hindu 975 2.1% Jewish 60 0.1% Muslim 3,055 6.6% Sikh 1,291 2.8% All other religions 57 0.1% No religion 10,724 23.0% Religion not stated 5,652 12.1% Total 46,638 100.0% Source: Census 2001
1.5 School Population
This section includes analysis of the pupil population in Greenwich’s schools based on School Census returns from schools. The School Census is completed three times a year, in January, May and October. The figures in this section are from the January School Census returns.
School Rolls
Tables 1.5.1 to 1.5.5 show the number of pupils on roll at Greenwich primary, secondary, nursery and special schools by year group and gender.
Table 1.5.1 Number of pupils at primary schools in Greenwich in 2010, by year group and gender Primary Boys Girls Total Nursery 1,487 1,483 2,970 Reception 1,559 1,396 2,955 Year 1 1,444 1,425 2,869 Year 2 1,385 1,308 2,693 Year 3 1,308 1,247 2,555 Year 4 1,308 1,219 2,527 Year 5 1,303 1,276 2,579 Year 6 1,285 1,304 2,589 Total 11,079 10,658 21,737 Percentage 51% 49% 100% Source: School Census January 2010
14 Table 1.5.2 Number of pupils at secondary schools in Greenwich in 2010, by year group and gender Secondary Boys Girls Total Year 7 1,060 1,109 2,169 Year 8 1,033 1,158 2,191 Year 9 1,135 1,128 2,263 Year 10 1,161 1,182 2,343 Year 11 1,149 1,148 2,297 Year 12 695 711 1,406 Year 13 593 587 1,180 Year 14 289 260 549 Year 15 47 53 100 Total 7,162 7,336 14,498 Percentage 49% 51% 100% Source: School Census January 2010
Table 1.5.3 Number of pupils at Greenwich’s four nursery schools in 2010, by gender Nursery Boys Girls Total Number 232 236 468 Percentage 50% 50% 100% Source: School Census January 2010
Table 1.5.4 Number of pupils at special schools (primary age) in Greenwich in 2010, by year group and gender Special Boys Girls Total Nursery 9 8 17 Reception 6 5 11 Year 1 9 - 13 Year 2 16 5 21 Year 3 25 5 30 Year 4 20 - 23 Year 5 21 8 29 Year 6 19 8 27 Total 125 46 171 Percentage 73% 27% 100% Source: School Census January 2010
15 Table 1.5.5 Number of pupils at special schools (secondary age) in Greenwich in 2010, by year group and gender Special Boys Girls Total Year 7 31 5 36 Year 8 26 6 32 Year 9 23 8 31 Year 10 31 6 37 Year 11 16 5 21 Year 12 9 - 12 Year 13 8 6 14 Year 14 12 6 18 Total 156 45 201 Percentage 78% 22% 100% Source: School Census January 2010
Table 1.5.6a Number of pupils at Greenwich schools between 2006 and 2010, by phase School Phase 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Primary 21,185 21,194 21,164 21,387 21,737 Secondary 15,188 15,107 14,916 14,645 14,498 Primary Special 166 170 174 176 171 Secondary Special 197 184 186 197 201 Nursery 392 384 361 423 468 Total 37,128 37,039 36,801 36,828 37,075 Source: School Census 2006-2010
Table 1.5.6b Number of boys at Greenwich schools between 2006 and 2010, by phase Boys 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Primary 10,754 10,718 10,690 10,816 11,079 Secondary 7,246 7,261 7,315 7,210 7,162 Primary Special 113 119 126 131 125 Secondary Special 142 140 137 150 156 Nursery 193 195 189 213 232 Total 18,448 18,433 18,457 18,520 18,754 Source: School Census 2006-2010
16 Table 1.5.6c Number of girls at Greenwich schools between 2006 and 2010, by phase Girls 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Primary 10,431 10,476 10,474 10,571 10,658 Secondary 7,942 7,846 7,601 7,435 7,336 Primary Special 53 51 48 45 46 Secondary Special 55 44 49 47 45 Nursery 199 189 172 210 236 Total 18,680 18,606 18,344 18,308 18,321 Source: School Census 2006-2010
Greenwich residents
Table 1.5.7a Percentage of the primary school population who are Greenwich residents, between 2006 and 2010 Residents 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Boys 92.4% 92.7% 93.0% 93.0% 93.8% Girls 92.6% 92.8% 93.0% 92.9% 92.5% Total 92.5% 92.7% 93.0% 92.9% 92.7% Source: School Census 2006-2010
Table 1.5.7b Percentage of the secondary school population who are Greenwich residents, between 2006 and 2010 Residents 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Boys 77.6% 77.4% 79.0% 80.3% 80.1% Girls 74.2% 74.3% 74.8% 75.4% 75.7% Total 75.8% 75.8% 76.9% 77.8% 77.8% Source: School Census 2006-2010
Free school meals
Pupils in school are entitled to free school meals if their parents are entitled to Income Support, Job Seekers Allowance or Child Tax Credit. The entitlement is not automatic; the parent must declare their eligibility to the local authority. Eligibility for free school meals is widely used as a proxy measure of deprivation.
Table 1.5.8 Percentage of pupils who are eligible for free school meals in primary and secondary schools between 2006 and 2010 School Phase 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Primary - Greenwich 36% 34% 33% 31% 31% Primary - England 16% 16% 16% 16% 17% Secondary - Greenwich 31% 31% 30% 29% 29% Secondary - England 14% 13% 13% 13% 14% Source: School Census 2006-2010, DfE SFR08/2009, DfE SFR09/2010
17 Special educational needs
Children have special educational needs (SEN) if they have a learning difficulty which calls for special educational provision to be made for them. The current SEN Code of Practice defines a child with a learning difficulty as a child who has greater difficulty learning than the majority of children of the same age or has a disability which prevents or hinders the child from making use of educational facilities provided for children of the same age.
Schools have a number of stages of support for children with special educational needs:
School Action: when a class or subject teacher identifies that a pupil has special educational needs they provide interventions that are additional to or different from those provided as part of the school’s usual differentiated curriculum offer and strategies. An Individual Education Plan will usually be devised.
School Action Plus: when the class or subject teacher and the Special Education Needs Co- ordinator (SENCO) are provided with advice or support from outside specialists, so that alternative interventions or different strategies, additional to those provided for the pupil through School Action, can be put in place. The SENCO usually takes the lead although day-to-day provision continues to be the responsibility of the class or subject teacher. A new Individual Education Plan will usually be devised.
Statement: if a school believes that it cannot meet a child's needs, they may request a statutory assessment to be carried out. A statutory assessment means an assessment is carried out by the local authority to decide whether to give a child a 'statement of special educational needs'. A 'statement' is a legal document which describes a child's needs and the extra help that will be provided to meet those needs.
18 Table 1.5.9 Percentage of pupils with special educational needs between 2006 and 2010, by school phase and level of need Nursery 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 School Action 3.3% 5.2% 3.0% 7.6% 5.1% School Action Plus 5.6% 1.8% 5.0% 5.4% 2.6% Statement 1.5% 1.0% 0.8% 0.2% 0.2% All Special Needs 10.5% 8.1% 8.9% 13.2% 7.9% Statement - England 0.9% 0.8% 0.7% 0.8% 0.7% Primary 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 School Action 13.4% 14.3% 13.3% 12.3% 11.9% School Action Plus 8.9% 9.4% 10.2% 10.2% 11.2% Statement 1.9% 2.1% 2.0% 1.9% 1.6% All Special Needs 24.3% 25.8% 25.5% 24.5% 24.7% Statement - England 1.6% 1.5% 1.4% 1.4% 1.4% Secondary 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 School Action 14.3% 15.8% 16.8% 14.9% 15.0% School Action Plus 6.4% 7.0% 8.1% 10.4% 10.0% Statement 3.8% 3.9% 3.9% 3.7% 3.5% All Special Needs 24.5% 26.7% 28.8% 29.0% 28.5% Statement - England 2.2% 2.1% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% Source: School Census 2006-2010, DfE SFR09/2010
Chart 1.5.10 Number of new statements issued between 2004 and 2009
200 186 167 161 149 150 129 111
100
50 NewStatements Issued
0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source: SEN Team
19 Focus on disabled children
A child is disabled if they have needs associated with any of the following: sensory impairment, physical impairment, learning disability, communication impairment, complex health needs, autistic spectrum disorders or differences in expected child development.
In Greenwich, there are estimated to be between 1,720 and 3,000 disabled children (3.3% up to 5.8% of the total population aged 0 to 17 years). Key findings on disabled children in Greenwich include:
• The number of children with disabilities is increasing within Greenwich • Approximately twice as many boys have a disability compared to girls • There is an increasing number of children diagnosed with Autistic Spectrum disorder in Greenwich schools, from 0.6% of the primary and secondary school population in 2007 to 0.8% in 2010 • The most common diagnoses for children and young people receiving Disability Living Allowance are learning difficulties and mental health needs.
Language
The School Census collects the main language spoken at home for each pupil. Each pupil whose home language is not English is considered to have English as an additional language. Table 1.5.11 shows the proportion of pupils in schools in Greenwich who have English as an additional language.
Table 1.5.11 Percentage of pupils with English as an additional language between 2006 and 2010 by phase School Type 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Nursery 17% 22% 28% 29% - Primary 30% 30% 35% 36% 37% Secondary 26% 26% 29% 32% 34% Special 12% 15% 18% 18% 19% All Phases 28% 28% 32% 34% 35% Source: School Census 2006-2010
20 Table 1.5.12 shows a list of the most commonly spoken languages by pupils in Greenwich schools.
Table 1.5.12 Languages spoken by 100 or more children in schools in Greenwich in 2010 Language Number % English 22,983 63.5% Yoruba 2,456 6.8% Somali 1,026 2.8% Nepali 681 1.9% French 675 1.9% Turkish 515 1.4% Vietnamese 506 1.4% Panjabi 499 1.4% Igbo 405 1.1% Chinese (All Forms) 393 1.1% Urdu 376 1.0% Bengali (All Forms) 357 1.0% Akan/Fante 326 0.9% Tamil 318 0.9% Albanian/Shqip 310 0.9% Arabic 286 0.8% Lithuanian 276 0.8% Polish 265 0.7% Portuguese 265 0.7% Spanish 233 0.6% Gujarati 179 0.5% Luganda 154 0.4% Shona 149 0.4% Russian 135 0.4% Swahili 124 0.3% Italian 111 0.3% Kurdish 109 0.3% Other languages or unknown 2,061 5.7% Source: January 2010 School Census
21 Ethnicity of School Population
Tables 1.5.13 to 1.5.15 show the ethnicity of pupils in Greenwich primary, secondary and special schools.
Table 1.5.13 Pupils in primary schools in Greenwich in 2010, by ethnic group Ethnic Group Number % Bangladeshi 199 0.9% Indian 442 2.0% Asian Pakistani 310 1.4% Other Asian background 797 3.7% Black Caribbean 709 3.3% Black Ghanaian 472 2.2% Black Nigerian 2,822 13.0% Black Black Somali 635 2.9% Other Black African 1,439 6.6% Other Black background 639 2.9% White and Asian 201 0.9% White and Black African 391 1.8% Mixed White and Black Caribbean 449 2.1% Other Mixed background 953 4.4% White British 8,341 38.4% White European 1,137 5.2% White Irish 89 0.4% White Gypsy Roma 46 0.2% Traveller Irish Heritage 18 0.1% Turkish or Turkish Cypriot 264 1.2% Other White background 327 1.5% Chinese 255 1.2% Other Vietnamese 284 1.3% Other ethnic group 287 1.3% Unknown Unknown 231 1.1% Primary Schools 21,737 100.0% Source: January 2010 census
22 Table 1.5.14 Pupils in secondary schools in Greenwich in 2010, by ethnic group Ethnic Group Number % Bangladeshi 163 1.1% Indian 382 2.6% Asian Pakistani 206 1.4% Other Asian background 640 4.4% Black Caribbean 711 4.9% Black Ghanaian 196 1.4% Black Nigerian 1,205 8.3% Black Black Somali 417 2.9% Other Black African 812 5.6% Other Black background 363 2.5% White and Asian 119 0.8% White and Black African 211 1.5% Mixed White and Black Caribbean 379 2.6% Other Mixed background 506 3.5% White British 6,208 42.8% White European 557 3.8% White Irish 132 0.9% White Gypsy Roma 13 0.1% Traveller Irish Heritage 7 0.0% Turkish or Turkish Cypriot 227 1.6% Other White background 161 1.1% Chinese 188 1.3% Other Vietnamese 264 1.8% Other ethnic group 230 1.6% Unknown Unknown 201 1.4% Secondary Schools 14,498 100.0% Source: January 2010 census
23 Table 1.5.15 Pupils in special schools in Greenwich in 2010, by ethnic group Ethnic Grouping Number % Bangladeshi - 0.8% Indian 6 1.6% Asian Pakistani - 0.3% Other Asian background 7 1.9% Black Caribbean 8 2.2% Black Ghanaian 11 3.0% Black Nigerian 27 7.3% Black Black Somali 12 3.2% Other Black African 24 6.5% Other Black background 12 3.2% White and Asian - 0.8% White and Black African 6 1.6% Mixed White and Black Caribbean 9 2.4% Other Mixed background 6 1.6% White British 196 52.7% White European 13 3.5% White Irish - 0.3% White Gypsy Roma - 0.3% Traveller Irish Heritage 0 0.0% Turkish or Turkish Cypriot - 0.5% Other White background - 1.1% Chinese - 0.5% Other Vietnamese 7 1.9% Other ethnic group 7 1.9% Unknown Unknown - 1.1% Special Schools 372 100.0% Source: January 2010 census
24 Table 1.5.16 Pupils in all maintained primary, secondary and special schools in Greenwich in 2010, by ethnic group Ethnic Grouping Number % Bangladeshi 365 1.0% Indian 830 2.3% Asian Pakistani 517 1.4% Other Asian background 1,444 3.9% Black Caribbean 1,428 3.9% Black Ghanaian 679 1.9% Black Nigerian 4,054 11.1% Black Black Somali 1,064 2.9% Other Black African 2,275 6.2% Other Black background 1,014 2.8% White and Asian 323 0.9% White and Black African 608 1.7% Mixed White and Black Caribbean 837 2.3% Other Mixed background 1,465 4.0% White British 14,745 40.3% White European 1,707 4.7% White Irish 222 0.6% White Gypsy Roma 60 0.2% Traveller Irish Heritage 25 0.1% Turkish or Turkish Cypriot 493 1.3% Other White background 492 1.3% Chinese 445 1.2% Other Vietnamese 555 1.5% Other ethnic group 524 1.4% Unknown Unknown 436 1.2% All Schools 36,607 100.0% Source: January 2010 census
25 School Roll Projections
Greenwich produces school roll projections each year to support its work on school place planning and to ensure that there are sufficient school places for all children and young people. The latest school roll projections suggest that the primary school population aged 4 to 10 years old will rise by 19% between 2010 and 2015 although the secondary school population aged 11 to 15 years is only projected to increase by 2.4% over the same period.
Table 1.5.17 School Roll Projections 2010-2015 Age group 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 4-10 year olds 18,767 19,175 19,897 20,816 21,634 22,368 11-15 year olds 11,263 11,114 11,005 11,020 11,186 11,537 Source: January 2010 GLA School Roll Projections
Live Births
Chart 1.5.18 Live Births in Greenwich 2004-2009
6,000
4,471 4,480 5,000 4,236 4,361 3,963 3,721 4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000 LiveBirths in Greenwich 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source: ONS Births Data
26 1.6 Vulnerable Groups
The Greenwich Children and Young People Plan 2008-2011 sets out our vision for all children and young people in Greenwich. Priority 3 in the Plan is to improve outcomes for looked after children and disabled children. Outcomes for these two key vulnerable groups are included in each of the sections of this document.
Although we place particular emphasis on looked after children and those with a disability, a child can become vulnerable for several reasons, relating to: economic or social circumstances, physical and emotional learning issues, behaviour or other demographic circumstances.
Table 1.6.1 Vulnerable groups of children and young people included in the Profile Vulnerable groups Where can I find out more? Looked after children (LAC) Sections 3.2, 4.4 plus see highlighted boxes throughout the Profile Children with special educational needs and/or learning Sections 1.5, 3, 4.3 plus see difficulties and disabilities (SEN/LDD) highlighted boxes throughout the Profile Pupils eligible for free school meals (FSM) Sections 1.5, 4.3 and 6.5 Refugees and asylum seekers Section 1.6 Young carers and their families Section 1.6 Gypsy, Roma and Traveller (GRT) children Section 1.6 Teenage parents and pregnant teenagers Section 2.11 Young people with a substance misuse problem Section 2.10 Children with mental health problems Section 2.13 Children and young people with a child protection plan Section 3.1 (CPP) Section 4.5 Children and young people with poor school attendance Children and young people who have been permanently Section 4.6 excluded from school Young offenders and those at risk of offending Section 5.3 Children and young people not in education, employment Section 6.5 or training (NEET) Young people who are homeless or at risk of Section 6.6 homelessness
Table 1.6.1 sets out where information is held in the Profile for each of the vulnerable groups. The data on refugees and asylum seekers, young carers and their families and Gypsy, Roma and Traveller children is reported in a brief overview on the next page.
27 Refugees and asylum seekers
An unaccompanied asylum seeker is an individual who is under 18 years of age, and is not accompanied by a parent, carer or other adult who, by law or custom, is responsible for them 1. These children and young people are mainly 15 to 17 years old and mostly come from countries where there is war or conflict, or countries with economic difficulties, which include: Iraq, Afghanistan, Horn of Africa, oriental (not including Chinese) and non-EU Eastern Europe. Unaccompanied asylum seekers account for the majority of young refugees and asylum seekers. Current arrangements dictate that an unaccompanied asylum seeking child becomes the responsibility of the local authority in which the child first arrived in the United Kingdom or otherwise first came to attention as being in need of support.
Chart 1.6.2 Numbers of unaccompanied asylum seeking children looked after by Greenwich at 31 March between 2006 and 2010 120 110 98 97 100 77 80 53 60 Number 40
20
0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: 903 SSDA rteturn
Young carers and their families
The Greenwich Carers Centre estimates that there are around 2,500 young carers in Greenwich. 111 young carers are currently in contact with the Greenwich Carers Centre. The highest numbers of young carers using their services live in Eltham and Woolwich. Two thirds of the young carers (66%) in Greenwich are White British and 34% are from BME communities, the largest of which is Black African. Many young people become young carers because of the needs of their parents, principally as a result of alcohol or substance misuse and mental health needs. All identified young carers in Greenwich will receive a Common Assessment Framework, Team Around the Child and Lead Professional approach, as appropriate.
Gypsy, Roma and Traveller (GRT) children
English Gypsies make up the largest group of Travellers in Greenwich, and live mainly in the Abbey Wood area. There are also significant Roma and Irish Traveller communities, and a smaller number of Scottish Travellers and New Age Travellers. Circus and fairground families visit the borough on a
1 Department of Health, Social Services Inspectorate 1995 28 regular basis. There is a large official Traveller site in Abbey Wood, and a smaller unofficial, but long- term site on the Greenwich Peninsula. The majority of families are housed, many in temporary accommodation. In May 2010, 164 GRT pupils/students were identified as being in Greenwich schools. Of these, 91 pupils (55%) were ascribed as Gypsy, Roma or Traveller of Irish Heritage, and 73 pupils (45%) were recorded under other ethnic categories, but were known to the Greenwich Traveller Education Service.
29 Section Two
Be healthy Section 2: Be Healthy
Healthy Lifestyles from Birth
There is an overarching need for Greenwich to continue to create the circumstances that will support more families to adopt and sustain healthy lifestyles.
Ante-Natal and Post-Natal Care
A greater emphasis is needed on proactive preconception care offered by GPs, although it must be delivered in as accessible a way as possible so that it does not lead to a widening of health inequalities. The increased birth rate in Greenwich has put increased pressure on maternity services in the last couple of years, in the same way that it is starting to put increased pressure on primary school places. Rates of early access to maternity care before 13 weeks are improving but have still got some way to go to reach the 80% target.
There are three newborn screening programmes (bloodspot, hearing and a physical examination) which are very important for the good early health of young children. However, there are risks to the effective delivery of these programmes because they are complex and cut across organisational boundaries. Greenwich is not yet meeting all of the national standards for these screenings.
Breastfeeding
NHS Greenwich, South London Healthcare Trust and Greenwich Council actively promote breastfeeding and aim to achieve higher rates of breastfeeding. Greenwich has met local breastfeeding targets for two consecutive years. The latest Quarter 2, 2010/11 statistics show that 79% of Greenwich mothers initiated breastfeeding (within 48hrs of birth) compared to the national average of 78%; and 64% of mothers were still breastfeeding at 6-8 weeks compared to 48% nationally.
Immunisations
Immunisations are a highly cost effective form of preventing childhood illness, disability and death. Rates of immunisation of children against infectious diseases in Greenwich have been improving recently, however they do not yet reach recommended levels. There is a need to improve the coverage rates of some immunisations such as measles, mumps and rubella (MMR).
Childhood Obesity
Obesity is a major public health challenge facing the nation for the future. Childhood obesity rates remain high in Greenwich and are above the national rate.
• Among reception year children (aged 4-5 years) 13.2% were classified as obese • Among year 6 children (aged 10-11 years) 21.5% were classified as obese.
31 Tackling obesity early is a key priority among children and young people in Greenwich and a multi agency obesity strategy is being implemented. As part of this strategy to reduce the high level of childhood obesity, Greenwich plans to:
• Expand the uptake of physical activity in schools both within the curriculum and through extracurricular activities • Increase the uptake of free school meals and healthy school meals for all pupils to ensure more children have a healthy diet.
Oral Health
Good oral health is an important factor in general health and well-being, whereas poor oral health can be the cause of much unnecessary and avoidable suffering among children and young people. Poor dental hygiene and unhealthy diet have been identified as the main reasons for poor oral health. Whilst the most recent dental health survey results show that the average number of decayed, missing and filled teeth in 5 year old children in Greenwich is slightly lower than in London or England, many children are still suffering the effects of serious oral disease. According to local statistics, more than a hundred children a year are admitted to the Queen Elizabeth Hospital to have their dental treatment, which generally includes multiple extractions, under general anaesthetic because their dental condition is so extreme. We know that to prevent oral disease from occurring:
• Management of diet is the single most effective measure • Self-care by daily brushing with fluoride toothpaste is the second most effective measure • Regular visits to the dentist are very important for identifying and preventing oral disease from escalating.
Mental Health and Emotional Well-Being
Mental and emotional health problems impair children and young people from enjoying their childhood, and succeeding educationally and socially. Poor mental health can also lead to negative health behaviours such as smoking, drug and alcohol misuse and self-harm. Greenwich has identified the need to improve mental health services in the area. In particular, a new mental health promotion strategy and CAMHS commissioning strategy is being devised, which will ensure that there is a coherent and progressive approach to service provision from universal to specialist services aimed at promoting good mental health and emotional well-being among children and young people.
Children and young people who need to be targeted because they are at risk of poorer health outcomes than their peers
Pre birth and infancy
Tackling health inequalities is a priority in Greenwich. These inequalities emerge from pre-birth and in the earliest years.
Mothers from some communities are accessing maternity services late in their pregnancies, in particular; Black African women, new arrivals in the country, refugees and asylum seekers and
32 young white women. Ensuring that these mothers receive early access to maternity services will reduce risks and improve their children’s life chances. Some women will be missing out on important early ante-natal tests which, for example, detect foetal abnormalities such as sickle cell disease and Downs Syndrome
• The rate of still births in Greenwich is still too high compared to London and national averages. The recent Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health shows that rates of stillbirths in Greenwich have also tended to be significantly higher than the London average, when adjusted to remove unavoidable stillbirths. This suggests there is scope to improve access to high quality antenatal and maternity care. One contributory factor may be the increased rate of high birth weight babies linked to maternal obesity • There has, however, been good progress in reducing infant mortality, which has been reducing year on year since 2003. The Joint Strategic Needs Assessment (JSNA) cited the following risk factors in relation to infant mortality:
o parents working in routine and manual work; o infants registered solely by their mother; o infants born to teenage mothers; o infants born to mothers who were themselves born in West or East Africa, or the Caribbean (with a particularly high rate noted for mothers born in West Africa); o low birth-weight (less than 2.5 kg); and o smoking during pregnancy and smoking in an infant’s environment. • The rate of low birthweight births in Greenwich is variable and although better than the London average, it still means that one in 13 babies born in the borough has a low birthweight and starts life at a disadvantage • The rate of high birthweight babies in Greenwich is higher than the London average and in similar local authorities. The rates are highest locally in Coldharbour and New Eltham wards • Almost all risk factors for infant death have a socio-economic gradient, occurring more frequently in progressively poorer households. The gap in infant mortality between those in routine and manual groups and the population as a whole is a key indicator of the impact of deprivation on mortality:
o In Greenwich, almost one-third of births (31.1%) were to mothers or couples with routine or manual occupations during 2001-03, and o From 2004-08, 40% of infant deaths were to families from this group • Although the rates of breastfeeding in Greenwich are meeting locally agreed targets, the picture across the borough is variable, with some groups having high rates and others having much lower rates. Younger mothers are often less likely to breastfeed. White British mothers are considerably less likely to breastfeed, whereas rates of breastfeeding are much higher among Black African mothers. Breastfeeding rates are also comparatively lower in the South East Asian (Chinese) communities • There is the potential for immense health gain from greater take-up of breastfeeding in lower income groups which have a higher incidence of low birth weight infants and infectious diseases in childhood and who are currently least likely to breastfeed.
33 Children and young people at risk of poor outcomes
Substance Misuse
• Young women are increasingly at risk of being treated for acute intoxication and alcohol abuse • More Black and minority ethnic groups are accessing treatment for substance misuse than were in the years leading up to 2010 • The number of young people accessing specialist treatment has reduced in 2009/10 during a restructure of local substance misuse treatment services but the numbers accessing treatment are expected to increase in 2010/11. Further work is needed to reduce the rate of unplanned discharge from treatment and to ensure there is an appropriate step down process for those young people leaving specialist treatment.
Mental Health and Emotional Well-Being
The lives of some children and young people are chaotic and their resilience to mental health problems is often, as a result, much reduced. In Greenwich, evidence suggests that a relatively small cohort of young people experience multiple risk factors for poor mental health, such as homelessness, parental mental health or substance misuse and exposure to domestic violence. The targeted groups of young people at risk of poor mental health include teenage mothers, young carers, homeless young people, youth offenders and substance misusers.
Teenage Conception
Teenage pregnancy rates have remained at a high level in Greenwich over many years. There have been small improvements recently in reducing the rate but the impact of intensive efforts to achieve a sustained reduction in these rates has not yet led to a sustained downward trend.
• The highest rates are among young White British women, living in more disadvantaged areas of the borough • Young White women in Greenwich who conceive at an early age are much more likely to go on to have a live birth than a termination when compared to young women from other ethnic groups, particularly Black Caribbean women • There are low levels of awareness of contraceptive services among young people. In a 2009 survey in Greenwich schools, 50% of males in year 10 and 36% of females were unaware of where to obtain emergency contraception.
Sexual Health
Poor sexual health can have a direct impact on life opportunities and general health. The rate of unprotected sex is rising, there has been a high rate of inward migration from countries with a high prevalence of HIV and an increasing rate of sexually transmitted infections, all of which have occurred in a relatively short period of time and place additional pressure on health care services. Rates of new diagnoses of chlamydia have been on the increase in 2009 and 2010, despite an 8% reduction in 2008. This is likely to be the result of the full implementation of the chlamydia screening programme (targeting all 15-24 year olds) during this period.
34 Vulnerable children and young people
Our most vulnerable children and young people include looked after children, disabled children and children with special education needs. These vulnerable groups are more likely to require specialist treatment services for substance misuse and mental health problems.
The health needs of looked after children
• Greenwich has a high rate of looked after children (LAC) and evidence suggests that they are at increased risk of negative health outcomes. A large number of children coming into care will have a history of physical, sexual or emotional abuse. Some may have suffered the death of a parent or have parents who can't look after them properly because of illness. Others may have disabilities and some will have many different needs. Their health needs are likely to be greater and more complex than those of the general population. They are more likely to develop problems with drugs and alcohol, to have a high risk of mental and emotional health difficulties and an increased risk of becoming parents at a young age
• In 2009/10, 89% of LAC had their annual health and dental checks, which was above the national rate • In 2009/10, 77% of LAC had their immunisations up to date, which was below the national rate.
The health needs of disabled children and young people
• It is estimated that between 3.1% and 5.7% of the total Greenwich population aged 0 to 17 are disabled children. The Annual Public Health Report (2010) and our local disabled children needs analysis indicates that there is a growing number of children and young people with severe disabilities, who are also likely to have complex health needs
• Rates of children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and with conduct disorder are estimated to be higher in Greenwich than in the country as a whole The prevalence of mental health difficulties is highest among looked after children and children with special educational needs requiring statutory assessment, particularly where their primary need is a learning difficulty or autistic spectrum disorder (ASD).
35 2.1 Infant Mortality
Infant mortality refers to infant deaths at one year of age or younger. It is measured as the number of deaths per 1,000 live births. The most common causes of infant mortality worldwide have historically been dehydration and diarrhoea and it is commonly associated with deprivation: poor nutrition, housing and poverty.
Table 2.1.1 Rate of infant deaths per 1,000 live births between 2003 and 2009 Rate per 1,000 2003-2005 2004-2006 2005-2007 2006-2008 2007-09 Greenwich 5.5 5.0 4.7 4.6 4.4 London 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.4 4.4 England 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.7 Source: ONS and NCHOD for 2007-2009 (based on 3-year rolling averages)
In Greenwich most cases of infant mortality occur in the first 28 days after birth and the majority are related to premature birth.
2.2 Low Birthweight
Low birthweight is a major factor in infant mortality and has serious consequences for health in later life. Babies that are born with a birth weight of less than 2.5 kilograms are deemed to have a low birth weight.
Table 2.2.1 Percentage of babies with low birthweight between 2005 and 2009 % below 2.5 kg 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Greenwich 6.9% 7.5% 6.5% 7.4% 7.3% London 8.0% 7.9% 7.5% 7.6% 7.5% England 7.5% 7.6% 7.2% 7.2% 7.2% Source: ONS
36 2.3 Life Expectancy at Birth
Life expectancy at birth is an average number of years that individuals are expected to live depending on current patterns of mortality. This indicator reflects on local environmental conditions, the health of the residents and quality of care they receive when they are sick and their living conditions. Advances in sanitation, nutrition and medical knowledge have steadily increased the life expectancy of the general population over time.
Table 2.3.1 Life expectancy at birth between 2003-05 and 2007-09, by gender
Average life expectancy 2003-2005 2004-2006 2005-2007 2006-2008 2007-2009 (years)
Males 74.7 75.0 74.9 75.4 75.8 Greenwich Females 80.2 80.7 81.4 81.7 81.9 Males 76.9 77.4 77.9 78.2 78.6 London Females 81.4 82.0 82.4 82.7 83.1 Males 76.9 77.3 77.7 77.9 78.3 England Females 81.1 81.6 81.8 82.0 82.3 Source: ONS (based on 3-year rolling averages)
2.4 Immunisation
Immunisation is one of the most important methods for protecting individuals and the community against serious diseases. The vaccination programme adopted in the UK targets children at an early age in order to reduce the incidence of particular diseases such as measles, mumps and rubella (MMR).
Table 2.4.1 Immunisation rates among children between 2005/06 and 2009/10 Immunisation rates Greenwich England 2005/06 59% 84% by 2nd birthday: 2006/07 71% 85% MMR 2007/08 64% 85% 2008/09 68% 85% 2009/10 74% 88% 2005/06 33% 74% by 5th birthday: 2006/07 39% 73% MMR (2 doses) 2007/08 39% 74% 2008/09 57% 78% 2009/10 66% 83% 2005/06 44% 80% by 5th birthday: 2006/07 43% 79% diphtheria, tetanus, polio, 2007/08 35% 78% pertussis primary & booster 2008/09 60% 80% 2009/10 66% 85% Source: NHS Information Centre
37 Table 2.4.1 shows that Greenwich has low rates of immunisation compared to the national average, most noticeably for the MMR (2 Doses) by 5 th birthday where the gap is much greater compared with the gap for MMR by 2 nd birthday. Immunisation rates in Greenwich are higher for the MMR by 2nd birthday. Immunisation rates in Greenwich by the 5 th birthday MMR (2 doses) have improved considerably between 2005/06 and 2009/10 (up by 33% points) and at a much faster rate than the England average (up by 9% points). There has also been an improvement in the immunisation rates by the 5 th birthday (including diphtheria, tetanus, polio, pertussis primary and booster), up by 31% points between 2007/08 and 2009/10.
2.5 Breastfeeding
There is strong clinical evidence that breastfeeding reduces the likelihood of babies developing a range of diseases and infections in early life. Breastfeeding provides the best possible early nutrition to support optimal physical and cognitive development. The Department of Health recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life and it can continue to benefit babies along with solid foods for many months after. As at Quarter 2 2010/11, 79% of Greenwich mothers initiated breastfeeding within 48 hours of birth compared to the national average of 78%.
In 2008/09, a new measure of breastfeeding was introduced by the Department of Health in order to track the proportion of infants that are breastfed at 6 to 8 weeks. The new breastfeeding measure records both coverage (i.e. percentage of infants for whom breastfeeding status is recorded) and prevalence (i.e. percentage of infants being breastfed at 6 to 8 weeks). In Quarter 2 2010/11, 64.3% of mothers were still breastfeeding at 6 to 8 weeks compared to 48% nationally. Greenwich has met breastfeeding targets for two consecutive years and breastfeeding rates in Greenwich are higher than in some neighbouring boroughs.
Table 2.5.1 Breastfeeding Coverage and Prevalence in Greenwich 2008/09 to Quarter 2 2010/11 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Breastfeeding 28.5% 71.5% 73.1% 99.0% 89.6% 91.1% 93.6% 95.9% 90.6% 95.3% Coverage (%) Breastfeeding 18.9% 48.6% 46.4% 58.2% 59.9% 58.9% 60.6% 61.2% 57.6% 64.3% Prevalence (%) Source: NHS Greenwich
38 2.6 Asthma
Childhood asthma, which affects breathing, has become more widespread in recent decades. As the most common chronic illness in children, childhood asthma causes more absence from school and places more limits on activity than any other disease.
Table 2.6.1 Emergency admissions due to asthma amongst Greenwich residents aged 0 to 14 between 2005/06 and 2009/10 with Standardised Admission Ratio Number of Standardised Financial Year admissions Population Admission Ratio 2005/06 106 43900 88.4 2006/07 121 43600 85.0 2007/08 142 44200 117.6 2008/09 86 44500 62.8 2009/10 93 45600 70.5 Source: Dr Foster PPM 2010, 100 = average (not adjusted for deprivation)
The Standardised Admission Ratio shows the ratio of actual admissions to the national expected level of admissions, given the age and gender structure of the local population. A figure of 100 means the level of admissions is as expected in England, a figure of 110 means a 10% higher level than expected.
Table 2.6.2 Emergency admissions due to asthma amongst Greenwich residents aged 0 to 14 2007-10 with Standardised Admission Ratio Number of Standardised Ward admissions Admission Ratio Abbey Wood 49 180.9 Blackheath Westcombe 4 24.9 Charlton 10 46.0 Coldharbour and New Eltham 19 98.3 Eltham North 8 41.4 Eltham South 8 54.0 Eltham West 9 34.1 Glyndon 33 109.3 Greenwich West 14 76.3 Kidbrooke with Hornfair 22 117.7 Middle Park and Sutcliffe 21 97.2 Peninsula 13 78.7 Plumstead 22 74.2 Shooters Hill 23 105.0 Thamesmead Moorings 18 73.3 Woolwich Common 36 99.3 Woolwich Riverside 12 44.3 Total 321 82.4 Source: Dr Foster PPM 2010 100 = average. (Not adjusted for deprivation)
39 2.7 Dental Health
Children’s oral health is an important factor in general health and well-being and poor oral health is the cause of much unnecessary and unavoidable suffering. Whilst the most recent dental health survey results show that the average number of decayed, missing and filled teeth in 5 year old children in Greenwich is slightly lower than in London or England, many children are still suffering the effects of oral disease.
Table 2.7.1 Average number of decayed/missing/filled teeth in children aged 5 between 1999/00 and 2003/04
Children aged 5 1999/00 2001/02 2003/04
Greenwich 1.28 1.27 1.19 London -- 1.63 1.57 England 1.43 1.47 1.49 Source: NCHOD 2008, Greenwich PCT
Table 2.7.1 shows that the last dental health survey in Greenwich was carried out in 2003/04. At that point, the average number of decayed, missing or filled teeth per 5 year old child was 1.19 which is better than the average for London and England, and an improvement on earlier years.
In terms of dental care, the results from the 2008 Greenwich SHEU Survey found that: • Eighty percent of pupils in primary schools (Years 4 and 6) and 79% of pupils in secondary schools (Years 8 and 10) reported that they had cleaned their teeth twice or more the previous day. Only a small percentage of children reported that they did not clean their teeth at all the previous day; 3% of primary school pupils and 1% of secondary school pupils reported this. • In primary schools (Years 4 and 6), 60% reported that they had visited a dentist in the past six months or more, while 7% reported not visiting the dentist at all. • In secondary schools (Years 8 and 10), 78% reported that they had visited a dentist in the past six months or more, while only 3% reported never visiting the dentist.
2.8 Healthy Lifestyles
Ensuring children and young people eat healthily, stay physically active and abstain from drug and alcohol use is important for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. This section looks at these aspects more closely.
Obesity
As part of the Government’s ambition to reverse the rising tide of obesity and overweight in the population, an annual survey is conducted within primary schools to monitor this trend over time. In particular, the height and weight measurements of children in reception and Year 6 are taken within schools every year.
40 Table 2.8.1 Proportion of overweight and obese children in reception and Year 6 in 2008/09 Total Overweight Obese Numbers Reception Year 6 Reception Year 6 Greenwich 5,120 14.0% 14.2% 12.0% 22.9% London 148,464 12.4% 14.7% 11.2% 21.3% England 1,003,849 13.2% 14.3% 9.6% 18.3% Source: National Child Measurement Programme 2008/09, Greenwich PCT
Diet
London’s children and young people consume significantly more fruit and vegetables than those in any other area according to a Department of Health national survey. Even so, the proportion of young Londoners who eat five or more portions of fruit and vegetables per day is still low at around a fifth.
Chart 2.8.2 Proportion of pupils reporting on the number of ‘five a day’ fruit and vegetables that they ate yesterday in 2009
Greenwich Statistical Neighbours England 25% 20% 20% 19% 19%
15% 12% 11% 10% 9%
%of respondents 5%
0% None 5 or more
Source: 2009 Tellus Survey
Chart 2.8.2 shows that in 2009, the Tellus 2 survey found that 20% of Greenwich pupils (in Years 6, 8 and 10) reported that they ate five or more fruit and vegetables yesterday. This is slightly better than the England and statistical neighbour average in 2009. On the other hand, 12% of Greenwich pupils reported that they ate no fruit and vegetables yesterday. This is a higher proportion than the national and statistical neighbour average.
2 The Tellus survey is an annual national on-line survey that was carried out by the NFER and DfE. It is a survey of school pupils in Years 6, 8 and 10, who are asked to respond to a range of questions covering the five Every Child Matters outcomes. The data from the Greenwich responses can be compared with the national results. 41 The results from the 2006 and 2008 Greenwich SHEU Surveys found that:
In primary schools (Years 4 and 6): • Twenty-one percent of pupils reported that they ate five or more portions of fruit and vegetables per day in 2008, down from 33% in 2006; • Fifty-one percent of children reported that they ate three or more portions of fruit and vegetables per day in 2008, down from 63% in 2006; • Four percent of children said they did not eat or drink anything before the start of the school day in 2008.
In secondary school (Years 8 and 10): • In 2008, 17% of pupils reported that they ate five or more portions of fruit and vegetables per day, up from 16% in 2006; • Forty-nine percent of pupils reported that they ate three or more portions of fruit and vegetables per day in 2008, up from 48% in 2006; • Fourteen percent of pupils did not eat or drink anything for breakfast before the start of the school day in 2008. This was greater among Year 10 pupils and among girls than boys in both year groups. • Forty-four percent of pupils reported that they ate lunch bought at school in 2008, up from 37% in 2006. • Thirty percent had packed lunches in 2008, the same as in 2006. • Seventeen percent of pupils reported that they had not eaten lunch in 2008, down from 20% in 2006. In particular, boys in Year 10 and girls in both year groups were more likely to say they did not eat lunch.
School lunches
Table 2.8.3 Percentage of primary school pupils who have school lunches between 2007/08 and 2009/10 School Lunches 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Greenwich 51.4% 50.5% 50.2% Statistical Neighbours 44.1% 47.7% 49.2% England 43.0% 39.3% 41.4% Source: School Food Trust and DfE
Table 2.8.4 Percentage of secondary school pupils who have school lunches between 2007/08 and 2009/10 School Lunches 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Greenwich 40.6%* 48.2% 39.3% Statistical Neighbours 35.5% 41.3% 40.3% England 37.6% 35.1% 35.8% Source: School Food Trust and DfE (*based on local data)
42 Physical Exercise
The results from the 2006 and 2008 Greenwich SHEU surveys found that:
In primary school (Years 4 and 6): • Eighty-nine percent of pupils said that they enjoyed physical activity at least quite a lot in 2008, up from 85% in 2006. Only 2% said they did not enjoy it at all in 2008, down from 3% in 2006.
In secondary school (Years 8 and 10): • Seventy-two percent of pupils said that they enjoyed physical activity at least quite a lot in 2008, down from 76% in 2006. While, 6% said they did not enjoy it at all in 2008, down from 7% in 2006.
The following tables provide some of the main findings from the School Sports Survey conducted between 2005/06 and 2009/10. The purpose of this survey is to help schools, partners and the Government evaluate progress towards meeting the aims of the PE and Sport Strategy for Young People. Greenwich has improved year on year in the percentage of pupils who participate in at least two hours of high quality PE and school sport in a typical week but remains just below the England average in 2009/10. A higher proportion of Greenwich pupils participated in one or more community sports, dance clubs or multi skills clubs than the England average in the same year.
Table 2.8.5 Percentage of pupils who participated in at least two hours of high quality PE and school sport in a typical week between 2005/06 and 2009/10 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Greenwich 56.0% 60.0% 71.0% 82.0% 84.0% Statistical Neighbours 50.7% 66.1% 73.8% 79.1% 82.8% England 61.0% 70.0% 78.0% 81.0% 86.0% Source: School Sports Survey
Table 2.8.6 Percentage of pupils participating in one or more community sports, dance or multi skills clubs with links to the school between 2006/07 and 2009/10 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Greenwich 29.0% 30.0% 37.0% 37.0% Statistical Neighbours 25.7% 27.4% 25.5% 30.9% England 29.0% 32.0% 31.0% 33.0% Source: School Sports Survey
Table 2.8.7 Percentage of pupils actively involved in sports volunteering and leadership between 2006/07 and 2009/10 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Greenwich 18.0% 24.0% 32.0% 20.0% Statistical Neighbours 11.6% 16.8% 18.7% 28.1% England 12.0% 16.0% 19.0% 24.0% Source: School Sports Survey .
43 2.9 Smoking
Nationally 6% of pupils aged 11-15 reported smoking regularly (at least once a week) in 2009. This proportion has remained stable since 2007 and is half what it was in the mid 1990s.
Girls are more likely to report smoking regularly than boys (7% and 5% respectively) and prevalence increases with age: from less than 0.5% of 11 year olds to 15% of 15 year olds. White pupils are more likely to smoke than pupils of Black or Mixed ethnicity, and smoking is also more likely among pupils in receipt of free school meals, an indicator of low family income. Regular smoking is also associated with drinking alcohol, drug use, truancy and exclusion. In 2006-08, 7% of children in London reported being regular smokers.
In 2008, the Tellus Survey found that 76% of Greenwich pupils surveyed had never smoked. This is slightly better than the national average of 75%. However, when asked about what they thought of the information and advice they received on smoking (Years 8 and 10 only), only 66% of those said it was good enough. This was below the national average of 70%. 3
Findings from the Tellus survey are consistent with the findings from the SHEU survey. In 2008, the Greenwich SHEU survey found that around three quarters (74%) of pupils reported that they have never smoked (1,731 out of 2,343 pupils). Of those that had smoked (26%), most have ‘only ever tried smoking once or twice’. Year 10 pupils were twice as likely as Year 8 pupils to have tried smoking once or twice, which suggests that between these ages (13 and 14 years) is when pupils start to experiment with smoking tobacco. Year 10 girls were the most likely to have ever smoked (44%), to be current smokers (14% of total) and to have smoked in the last week (13% of total).
2.10 Substance Misuse
There are few social issues that impact on society as much as substance misuse. Some of the consequences of substance misuse among young people include: non-attendance and poor attainment at school, poor health and increased youth crime. They are also at an increased risk of being victims of violent crime and sexual exploitation.
Nationally 22% of pupils aged 11-15 in 2009 reported having ever taken drugs compared to 29% in 2001, and 15% reported using drugs in the past year compared to 20% in 2001. Additionally pupils were less likely to report being offered drugs: from 42% in 2001 to 33% in 2009. Boys are more likely than girls to report having taken drugs, and use increases with age, from 5% of 11 year olds to 30% of 15 year olds. Pupils of Mixed, Asian and Black ethnicity were more likely to report having taken drugs than White pupils.
Pupils were more likely to report having taken cannabis or to have sniffed glue, gas or other volatile substances, which was consistent with earlier surveys. In London, 16% of children aged 11-15 in 2006-08 reported taking drugs within the previous year. 3
3 Smoking, drinking and drug use among young people in England in 2009, NHS IC (2010); Smoking, drinking and drug use among young people in England: Findings by region, 2006-08, NHS IC (2010) 44 According to the 2008 Greenwich SHEU survey, 83% of pupils (Year 8 and Year 10) reported never having used any illegal substances, 12% admitted to having used an illegal substance and 5% responded as ‘did not know’. The most commonly reported illegal substance used by young people was cannabis, 9% of the sample reported using cannabis (leaf or resin). Year 10 boys were most likely to have used cannabis leaf (16%) compared with 12% of Year 10 girls. Fewer Year 10 boys (11%) and Year 10 girls (6%) had ever used cannabis resin. Of the Year 10 boys, 7% had used cannabis leaf in the last month, 7% in the last year but not in the last month and 3% more than a year ago.
Over a third of pupils (36%) were either ‘not sure’ (26%) or did not think (10%) that possession of cannabis is against the law. Year 10 boys were most likely to incorrectly state that possession of cannabis was not against the law (15% of total). They are also the group most likely to say that cannabis is ‘safe if used properly’, one in four (25%) of Year 10 males consider cannabis leaf (grass) as safe with proper use, while 19% of this group said the same for cannabis resin (hash).
In terms of treatment, children and young people with identified substance misuse issues are referred to specialist services commissioned by Greenwich Children’s Services. The tables below show the characteristics of children and young people that have accessed treatment at some stage between 2006/07 and 2009/10.
Table 2.10.1 Number of young people accessing treatment services in Greenwich between 2006/07 and 2009/10 Treatment services 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Young people in treatment 103 136 86 73 Episodes of treatment 142 156 87 80 Source: National Treatment Agency
Table 2.10.2 Number of treatment episodes for substance misuse in Greenwich between 2006/07 and 2009/10, by gender Gender 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Male 92 89 55 49 Female 50 67 32 31 Total 142 156 87 80 Source: National Treatment Agency
Table 2.10.3 Number of treatment episodes for substance misuse in Greenwich between 2006/07 and 2009/10, by ethnicity Ethnicity 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 White 121 114 62 51 Mixed 10 8 7 10 Asian - 6 - - Black 8 24 12 11 Chinese 0 0 0 0 Other/Unknown - - - - Total 142 156 87 80 Source: National Treatment Agency
45 Table 2.10.4 Number of treatment episodes for substance misuse in Greenwich between 2006/07 and 2009/10, by age Age 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 10 0 - 0 0 11 - 0 0 0 12 - - - - 13 18 8 - - 14 20 21 9 12 15 34 34 23 17 16 28 45 26 25 17 39 43 26 22 Total 142 156 87 80 Source: National Treatment Agency
Table 2.10.5 Number of treatment episodes for substance misuse in Greenwich between 2006/07 and 2009/10, by main type of drug Type of Drug 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Alcohol 35 49 15 25 Amphetamines (excluding Ecstacy) 0 - - 0 Cannabis 93 84 60 48 Cocaine (excluding Crack) 7 - - - Crack - - 0 0 Ecstacy - - 0 - Heroin - 8 - - Misuse free - 0 - 0 Other Drugs 0 - 0 0 Other Opiates 0 - - 0 Solvents ---- Total 142 156 87 80 Source: National Treatment Agency
Table 2.10.6 Treatment waiting times - Percentage commencing treatment within 15 working days of referral in 2009/10 Treatment waits <=15 days Total % Greenwich 46 50 92.0% Statistical Neighbours 1,487 1,545 96.2% England 18,309 18,992 96.4% Source: National Treatment Agency in 2009/10
46 Table 2.10.7 Care Plan - Percentage with Care Plan within two weeks of treatment start in 2009/10 Care plans <= 2 weeks Total % Greenwich 129 131 98.5% Statistical Neighbours 3,134 3,193 98.2% England 38,343 39,207 97.8% Source: National Treatment Agency in 2009/10
Table 2.10.8 Planned Exits - Percentage of young people leaving treatment in an agreed and planned way in 2009/10 Planned Exits Planned exits Total % Greenwich 30 46 65.2% Statistical Neighbours 1,628 2,306 70.6% England 21,241 30,066 70.6% Source: National Treatment Agency in 2009/10
2.11 Teenage Conceptions
England has one of the highest rates of teenage conceptions in Western Europe and reducing this rate remains an important and challenging priority, particularly in certain ‘hot spot’ areas of the country like Greenwich.
Table 2.11.1 Teenage conceptions per 1,000 girls under 18 between 2005 and 2009 Conception rate 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009* Greenwich 65.8 57.2 65.0 66.5 60.2 London 46.2 45.5 45.7 52.6 41.4 England 41.4 40.6 41.8 40.5 38.9 Source: ONS and the Teenage Pregnancy Unit * up to the end of Quarter 3
47 Table 2.11.2 Teenage conceptions per 1,000 girls at ward level between 2002 and 2007 Conception rates 2002-04 2003-05 2004-06 2005-07 Abbey Wood 93.7 92.6 77.9 75.6 Blackheath Westcombe 79.4 74.4 38.7 48.8 Charlton 72.2 69.1 62.3 54.2 Coldharbour and New Eltham 52.7 57.0 56.4 44.7 Eltham North 41.0 38.4 36.1 33.5 Eltham South 43.3 47.4 45.9 37.0 Eltham West 73.9 68.8 59.1 63.2 Glyndon 79.6 86.9 73.0 69.6 Greenwich West 54.0 73.1 66.8 76.4 Kidbrooke with Hornfair 43.9 48.7 51.5 64.9 Middle Park and Sutcliffe 61.0 65.0 58.3 61.3 Peninsula 46.7 47.8 52.2 45.2 Plumstead 57.9 48.8 53.2 66.9 Shooters Hill 60.2 60.0 56.7 41.2 Thamesmead Moorings 56.4 65.1 59.3 66.7 Woolwich Common 92.0 91.6 86.0 75.6 Woolwich Riverside 86.3 75.9 72.3 62.6 Total 65.6 66.0 60.7 59.3 Source: ONS and the Teenage Pregnancy Unit (based on 3-year rolling averages)
Table 2.11.2 shows the variation in Greenwich teenage conception rates broken down by ward. Woolwich Common, Greenwich West and Abbey Wood had the highest rates in the borough in the period 2005 to 2007.
Most teenage mothers in Greenwich are White British women, with only a small number of mothers from other ethnic groups. Babies born to teenage mothers are more likely to be raised in deprived circumstances. National research suggests that low levels of breastfeeding and high rates of smoking are also more common among younger mothers and teenage mothers nationally and Greenwich data reflects this.
Table 2.11.3 Number of teenage mothers resident in Greenwich in June 2010 Age Number % 16 or under 20 6.8% 17 37 12.7% 18 88 30.1% 19 147 50.3% Total 292 100.0% Source: RiO Information System (June 2010)
48 Live Births and Terminations
Nationally, younger women are more likely to choose to have a termination. Local analysis suggests that over half of all teenage conceptions in Greenwich result in a termination.
Table 2.11.4 Teenage termination rates per 1,000 girls between 2002 and 2006 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Greenwich 33.7 38.5 32.9 37.0 30.6 London 30.9 30.2 29.2 27.4 27.8 England 19.6 19.4 19.1 19.4 19.8 Source: ONS and Teenage Pregnancy Unit
Table 2.11.4 shows that Greenwich has higher rates of teenage terminations than both the London and England averages.
Table 2.11.5 Estimated terminations in Greenwich by age of mother, between January 2007 and June 2008 Age Birth terminations Total conceptions % Under 15 19 24 79.2% 15 45 64 70.3% 16 81 119 68.1% 17 102 189 54.0% Total 247 396 62.4% Source: Department of Public Health, Greenwich PCT
Based on local data between January 2007 and June 2008, Table 2.11.5 shows that the majority of conceptions aged under-18 occur in the 16 to 17 age range. The youngest girls (under15) were more likely to have a termination, although the number of conceptions among females under 15 is much lower.
Prevention and Contraception Services
Reducing teenage conception rates and investing in conception and sexual health services for young people remains a national priority. In Greenwich, Contraception and Sexual Health (CASH) clinics provide free and confidential information for young people across Greenwich regarding contraception and sexual health advice as well as open access contraception and sexual health services for under 25 year olds.
Table 2.11.6 Number of young people in Greenwich accessing CASH clinics between 2004/05 and 2008/09 Accessing CASH clinics 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08* 2008/09 Males aged 15-19 239 193 243 -- 511 Females aged 15-19 2,093 1,999 1,917 -- 2,684 Total 2,332 2,159 2,160 2,635 3,195 Source: NHS (*Data not available by gender in 2007/08)
49 Table 2.11.6 shows that the majority of young people in Greenwich who have accessed CASH clinics are females. Despite this, the number of males accessing these clinics has risen since 2004/05 with the highest number in 2008/09. Consistent with this trend, the total number of young people aged 15 to 19 accessing CASH clinics has steadily risen since 2005/06.
Table 2.11.7 Number of young females in Greenwich accessing long acting reversible contraception (LARC) through CASH clinics between 2004/05 and 2008/09 Accessing LARC (via CASH 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 clinics) Females aged 15 - 19 accessing 208 167 184 213 335 LARC Source: NHS
Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) describes all methods of contraception that are administered less than once per month (or menstrual cycle). In the UK, this currently includes intrauterine devices (IUDs), hormonal intrauterine systems (IUSs), progestogen injections and progestogen implants. All these methods are more cost effective than the oral contraceptive pill, and have the added advantage of not depending on daily adherence to maintain their effectiveness. Table 2.11.7 shows that since 2005/06 there has been a steady rise in the number of young females accessing LARC through CASH clinics provided in Greenwich.
2.12 Chlamydia
Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the UK. It is caused by bacteria and it can be treated. Recorded cases of Chlamydia infections have risen in the UK and London. In 2007, 33,819 new diagnoses of chlamydia were reported for under-19 year olds in the UK, a slight increase from the 33,663 cases reported in 2008. Of new diagnoses, 70% are among females, although this may be due to higher presentations at screening centres.
Increasing the screening rates for Chlamydia is part of a national strategy to reduce the incidence of this infection. In 2008/09, 26% (7,933) of the Greenwich population aged 15 to 24 were screened. As the target is to screen 17% of the 15 to 24 year old population by 2010/11, Greenwich is currently exceeding this target.
Table 2.12.1 Rates of new episodes of Chlamydia diagnosed in London in 2008, expressed as a rate per 100,000 people Age Males Females All People 0-15 23 208 231 16-19 786 1,882 2,668 20-24 1,289 1,413 2,701 Total 2,098 3,502 5,600 Source: Greenwich PCT
50 Table 2.12.2 Estimated numbers of new episodes of Chlamydia diagnosed amongst Greenwich residents at GUM clinics in 2009, based on London rates for 2008 per 100,000 people Age Males Females All People 0-15 6 53 59 16-19 47 105 152 20-24 88 98 186 Total 141 256 397 Source: Greenwich PCT
In 2008, London had more females under the age of 25 who were diagnosed with the infection than males, although this may be due to higher presentations at screening centres. Table 2.12.2 shows that based on the London rates, there were an estimated 397 new cases of Chlamydia diagnosed at Greenwich GUM (Genito-Urinary Medicine) clinics in 2009.
2.13 Mental Health
Mental health difficulties, illnesses and disorders can often have a disabling impact on those who struggle to cope with them. They can often cause a person a great deal of stress, anguish and even absolute fear. Although it is common for young people to experience mental health difficulties that require professional help, it is quite rare for adolescents to be affected by a serious mental disorder. Nevertheless, certain groups of young people are known to be affected more than others. Nationally, the prevalence of mental health difficulties is highest among looked after children (45%) and children with special educational needs requiring statutory assessment (44%).
Table 2.13.1 Prevalence of mental health disorders in Greenwich as at 11 October 2010 Number of children Greenwich % of population seen Age Gender seen by Greenwich population estimate by Oxleas CAMHS Oxleas CAMHS Male 9,621 49 0.5% Under 5 Female 8,927 19 0.2% Male 8,164 171 2.1% 5-10 Female 7,846 81 1.0% Male 10,725 209 1.9% 11-18 Female 9,841 214 2.2% Total 55,124 743 1.3% Source: Oxleas NHS Trust (Greenwich CAMHS, caseload snapshot 11/10/10)
51 Table 2.13.2 Number of referrals made to Tier 2 and Tier 3 Services in 2009/10 Sept 09 - Dec 09 - Mar 10 - Jun 10 - Tier 2 and Tier 3 referrals Nov 09 Feb 10 May 10 Aug 10 Referrals accepted 238 237 316 239 Referrals not accepted 110 151 183 164 Total 348 388 499 403 Source: Oxleas NHS Trust (Greenwich CAMHS, 2009/10)
Table 2.13.2 summarises the number of referrals made to Tier 2 and Tier 3 services in 2009/10. Tier 2 services involve work undertaken in community settings supporting schools, children’s centres, youth offending services and the voluntary sector. These services usually involve indirect contact with patients. Tier 3 services involve multi-disciplinary teams that can deal with more specialised or complex problems such as persistent behavioural and emotional difficulties, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), eating disorders and autism. In recent years, the Greenwich Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) has experienced an increase in more complex cases including cases where there is more than one diagnosis e.g. mental health and drug problems.
Tier 4 services offer specialist in-patient treatment. There were ten Tier 4 placements in private in- patient units in 2009/10. This excludes in-patient admissions to Maudsley Hospital.
Table 2.13.3 Number of children and young people receiving mental health services by CAMHS as at September 2010, by ethnicity Ethnicity September 2010 % of Total White 421 56.7% Mixed 65 8.7% Asian 13 1.7% Black 78 10.5% Other 42 5.7% Unknown 124 16.7% Total 743 100.0% Source: Oxleas NHS Foundation Trust (Greenwich CAMHS, caseload snapshot September 2010)
Table 2.13.3 shows that the majority of children and young people in Greenwich receiving mental health services were of White ethnicity, followed by Black and then Mixed ethnicity.
52 Section Three
Stay safe Section 3: Stay Safe
This section includes information about wider safeguarding issues such as childhood accidents, bullying, discrimination and children as victims of crime, as well as information about children with high level needs including children with Child Protection Plans (CPP), looked after children and disabled children.
Accidents
Ensuring children and young people are safe from accidental injury and death is an important part of Greenwich’s Stay Safe agenda.
• In 2009, 12 children were killed or seriously injured in road traffic accidents compared with 16 in 2008. • Between 2008 and 2009, there was a reduction in the rate of emergency hospital admissions caused by unintentional and deliberate injuries to children (from 114.2 per 10,000 in 2008 to 83.9 per 10,000 in 2009). • Greenwich has a lower rate of emergency hospital admissions compared to statistical neighbours and the national average.
Bullying and discrimination
The effects of bullying can have a serious impact on a young person’s well-being and outcomes.
• In the 2009 Tellus4 survey of Year 6, 8 and 10 pupils, around three in ten Greenwich pupils (29%) experienced bullying once or more in the last year which is in line with national findings. However, fear of bullying and being a victim of crime is above national. • Numbers of racist incidents reported by schools to the Local Authority have decreased over the last three years (from 244 in 2006/07 to 137 in 2008/09). • There continues to be a significant number of schools which have not reported any racist incidents for one year or more. During 2008/09, 33 primary schools and six secondary schools reported no incidents.
Victims of Crime
Being a victim of crime, whether petty or serious, is not uncommon among children in Britain. According to research, 95% of 10 to 15 year olds in the country have experienced crime at least once, with the majority of incidents involving low-level crime within schools (Howard League, 2007).
• In 2009/10, there were 2,151 victims (aged 1 to 17) who reported a crime against them in Greenwich. Half of the crimes were linked to violence against the young person (50.2%), followed by robbery (13.7%) and theft and handling (13.0%). • Children and young people aged between 13 and 17 years old are overrepresented as victims of crime (61.2% of the crimes are committed against this age group). • The wards with the highest number of victims (aged 1 to 17) reporting crimes are Shooters Hill, Thamesmead Moorings and Glyndon.
53 Ensuring that children and young people are safe and feel safe from crime and anti social behaviour continues to be a key goal of the Community Safety Strategy. Building confidence in young people and encouraging them to report crime through the Safer Schools Partnership remains a challenge. The police work closely with schools to identify and provide appropriate, timely support through the Support Through Early Intervention and Youth Crime Prevention Panels to children and young people at greatest risk of engagement in gang activity and serious violence.
Children in Need Panel
The Children in Need Panel is a multi-disciplinary panel that considers the individual needs of children who required targeted support in Greenwich.
• Between September 2009 and August 2010, 460 children were involved with the Children in Need Panel; 52.0% were male and 59.1% were White British. • The wards with the highest number of children in need were Woolwich Common, Thamesmead Moorings, Woolwich Riverside and Abbey Wood.
Identification of additional needs; early intervention and prevention
Universal services such as Children’s Centres, schools, health visitors and other Local Authority services play a key role in recognising when children have additional needs . Where there are emerging problems practitioners need to undertake a holistic assessment to identify the level of need and who should take part in a multi-agency plan to improve outcomes. The Common Assessment Framework (CAF), Team Around the Child (TAC) and Lead Professional (LP) are the key integrated working tools to ensure that every child with additional or complex needs receives a coordinated care pathway. The CAF, TAC and LP are explained in the following table.
Common Assessment Framework The CAF is a shared assessment and planning framework (CAF) for use across all children’s services and all local authorities in England. Its aim is to help with the early identification of children and young people’s additional needs and promote co-ordinated service provision to meet these needs.
Team Around the Child (TAC) A TAC is a multi-disciplinary team of practitioners established on a case by case basis to support a child, young person or family.
Lead Professional (LP) The LP is a practitioner trusted by the young person or family who acts as single point of contact and who coordinates the delivery of actions agreed by the TAC.
54 The Children’s Trust Board has agreed that all children, young people and families in the following ten groups should receive a CAF, TAC and LP approach in Greenwich:
• families receiving targeted parenting programmes • teenage mothers • homeless 16 and 17 year olds • missing children • persistent absentees in primary schools • children with a disability • substance misusers • youth offenders • young carers • children and young people receiving support through the mental health in schools project (TAMHS)
Common Assessment Framework (CAF)
• There were 249 children who were subject to a CAF between September 2009 and August 2010. A high proportion of children becoming the subject of a CAF were aged between 15 and 18 years (46.2%), male (56.2%) and White British (55.4%). • Integrated Youth Support Services are currently carrying out the majority of CAFs in Greenwich. The wards with the highest proportion of CAFs undertaken were Woolwich Riverside, Abbey Wood and Woolwich Common. • The most frequent reasons for children becoming subject to a CAF is behavioural problems and school attendance, followed by health impairment.
Team Around the Child (TAC)
• There were 212 children who were supported by a TAC between September 2009 and August 2010. A high proportion of children for whom a TAC was established were aged between 0 and 11 years (62.2%), male (61.3%) and White British (62.3%). • The wards with the highest proportion of TACs are Abbey Wood, Charlton and Thamesmead Moorings.
Child Protection Plans (CPP)
Children at risk of harm from abuse and neglect may be made the subject of a Child Protection Plan (CPP) by their local authority. This plan is a written record for parents/carers and professionals which sets out how the child will be protected and how their health and development needs will be met. The main reasons why children are made the subject of a CPP tend to relate to parenting capacity problems arising from domestic violence, parental substance misuse and parental mental ill health.
55 • As at 31 March 2010, there were 278 children who were subject to a Child Protection Plan (CPP) in Greenwich. The CPP rate for Greenwich is above the national rate and the rate for statistical neighbours. • Children from White and Mixed race backgrounds are overrepresented in the CPP cohort. • Neglect and emotional abuse were the most common categories of abuse recorded for children who were subject to a CPP as at 31 March 2010. • Between 2009 and 2010, there has been an improvement in reducing the proportion of CPP lasting two years or more. In 2010, performance in Greenwich is better than statistical neighbours and the national average. • The proportion of children becoming the subject of a CPP for a second or subsequent time has decreased in 2010 and performance in Greenwich is better than statistical neighbours and the national average. • In 2010 every Greenwich CPP case was reviewed within the required timescale compared to 96.8% of CPP cases nationally.
Domestic Violence
Domestic violence is one of the most common reasons for children being made subject to Child Protection Plan (CPP).
• In a recent Greenwich cohort study of 37 children on CPP, domestic violence was the key reason for 18 out of 37 children (49%) starting a CPP. • In 2009/10 the Metropolitan Police recorded 4,611 domestic violence offences in Greenwich. The wards with the highest numbers of domestic violence offences in 2010 are Woolwich Riverside and Woolwich Common. • The Domestic Violence Multi Agency Risk Assessment Conference (MARAC) started to operate in April 2009. Of the cases presented at the Domestic Violence MARAC so far, the majority of cases (around 70%) involve children.
Looked After Children
Children can be looked after either as a result of voluntary agreement with their parents or following a child being taken into police protection or as the result of a court order.
• As at 31 March 2010, there were 590 looked after children in Greenwich, an increase of 60 children from 2009. The looked after children rate for Greenwich is almost double the national rate and above the rate for statistical neighbours. • A high proportion of children are becoming looked after because of abuse or neglect or because of a breakdown in the family. • A key priority is to reduce the number of 14 to 15 year olds starting to be looked after, as this group typically have the worst outcomes of the looked after population.
56 Placement Stability
Stable placements keep looked after children safe and secure and help to improve their educational and health outcomes.
• As at 31 March 2010, performance in Greenwich on long term stability of placements of children (under 16) compares favourably with statistical neighbours and the national average (73.8% in Greenwich compared with 67.0% and 68.0% respectively). • The percentage of looked after children with three or more placements during the year ending 31 March 2010 is slightly higher in Greenwich (11.5% in Greenwich compared with 11.1% for statistical neighbours and 10.9% nationally).
Increasing the proportion of looked after children who become adopted remains a key priority in Greenwich. Local authorities aim to ensure that children are placed quickly and appropriately with prospective adopters following the decision that they should be placed for adoption.
Wellbeing of Looked After Children
The strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) is a behavioural screening tool that is used to assess a looked after child’s behaviour, concentration, emotions and relationships with other people. A lower score on the SDQ indicates that a child is less likely to have emotional and behavioural difficulties. Since 1 April 2008, all local authorities are required to administer an SDQ for their looked after children who are deemed eligible.
• There has been an improvement in the emotional and behavioural health of looked after children in Greenwich in 2009/10 compared to 2008/09. Performance in Greenwich is better than statistical neighbours and national performance in 2009/10. • Providing a more joined up approach for care leavers remains a key challenge. Greenwich performed less favourably than national and statistical averages in 2010 for the proportion of care leavers in employment, education or training. • The proportion of care leavers receiving suitable accommodation was 84.9% in 2009/10 which is slightly below statistical neighbours and national performance.
Disabled Children
Improving outcomes for disabled children and young people remains a priority.
• There are over 1,700 disabled children and young people living in Greenwich and up to 3,000 children and young people with either a disability or special educational need, which represents from 3.1% up to 5.7% of the population aged 0 to 17. • The prevalence of disability is higher in Greenwich than in comparable boroughs, as well as the London and England average.
The Children with Disabilities Team (CWDT) is a statutory safeguarding and social care team which provides a service to around 500 severely disabled children and their families. The team offers individual and family needs assessments, social support for families, short breaks for carers, direct payments and where applicable allocated social workers.
57 • The majority of children receiving CWDT care packages in Greenwich are male and nearly two thirds are White British. • In many cases, CWDT records identify more than one disability for each child. The most frequent disability is Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Over half of all disabled children on care packages have ASD.
3.1 Child Protection
Children at risk of harm from abuse and neglect may be made the subject of a Child Protection Plan (CPP) by their local authority. Tables and charts 3.1.1 to 3.1.6 include information on children and young people who were the subject of a CPP.
Table 3.1.1 Children and young people (under 18) who were the subject of a Child Protection Plan per 10,000 population as at 31 March each year between 2006 and 2010 Rate per 10,000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Greenwich 31 34 36 52 52 Statistical neighbours 33 36 38 45 48 England 23 24 25 27 32 Source: DfE SFR Referrals, assessments and children who were the subject of a child protection plan (2009-10 Children in Need census, Provisional Archive)
Table 3.1.2 Children and young people who were the subject of a Child Protection Plan as at 31 March 2010, by ethnic group Ethnicity Total White Mixed Asian Black Other Greenwich 278 69.4% 16.2% -- 12.2% -- Statistical Neighbours 369 59.2% 15.6% 5.8% 15.7% 3.9% England 39,100 76.5% 8.2% 5.4% 5.6% 1.4% Source: DfE SFR Children In Need in England, including their characteristics and further information on children who were the subject of a child protection plan (2009-10 Children in Need census, Final)
Table 3.1.3 Children and young people who were the subject of a Child Protection Plan as at 31 March 2010, by latest category of abuse All Physical Sexual Emotional Multiple/not Category of Abuse Neglect Children abuse abuse abuse recommended Greenwich 278 55.4% 2.5% 4.7% 32.4% 5.0% Statistical Neighbours 369 43.9% 9.6% 4.5% 33.3% 12.5% England 39,100 44.0% 12.0% 5.6% 29.2% 8.7% Source: DfE SFR Children In Need in England, including their characteristics and further information on children who were the subject of a child protection plan (2009-10 Children in Need census, Final)
58 Table 3.1.4 Percentage of Child protection plans lasting 2 or more years between 2007 and 2010 Child protection plans 2007 2008 2009 2010 Greenwich 3.6% 8.0% 10.0% 3.1% Statistical Neighbours 6.9% 7.4% 7.8% 7.8% England 5.8% 5.0% 6.0% 5.9% Source: DfE SFR Children In Need in England, including their characteristics and further information on children who were the subject of a child protection plan (2009-10 Children in Need census, Final)
Table 3.1.5 Percentage of children becoming the subject of a Child Protection Plan for a second or subsequent time between 2006 and 2010 Child protection plans 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Greenwich 15.0% 15.0% 14.0% 15.0% 8.6% Statistical Neighbours 14.7% 13.6% 11.7% 13.6% 14.0% England 14.0% 13.0% 14.0% 13.0% 13.4% Source: DfE SFR Children In Need in England, including their characteristics and further information on children who were the subject of a child protection plan (2009-10 Children in Need census, Final)
Table 3.1.6 Percentage of child protection cases which were reviewed within required timescales between 2006 and 2010 Child protection cases 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Greenwich 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Statistical Neighbours 99.4% 99.8% 98.7% 99.5% 98.8% England 99.0% 99.0% 99.0% 99.0% 96.8% Source: DfE SFR Children In Need in England, including their characteristics and further information on children who were the subject of a child protection plan (2009-10 Children in Need census, Final)
3.2 Looked After Children
Children become looked after when their birth parents are unable to provide ongoing care in either a temporary or a permanent capacity. Children can either be looked after as a result of voluntary agreement with their parents, following a child being taken into police protection or as the result of a court order.
59 Tables and charts 3.2.1 to 3.2.3 include information on looked after children.
Chart 3.2.1 Number of looked after children in Greenwich at 31 March each year between 2006 and 2010
650 590 600 530 550 525 525 515
500
450
400 Numberof LAC 350
300 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: DfE SFR Children Looked After by Local Authorities (including adoption and care leavers) - year ending 31 March 2010
Table 3.2.2 Looked after children rate per 10,000 population (under 18) at 31 March between 2006 and 2010 LAC per 10,000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Greenwich 102 101 99 101 111 Statistical neighbours 90 89 85 84 85 England 55 55 54 55 58 Source: DfE SFR Children Looked After by Local Authorities (including adoption and care leavers) - year ending 31 March 2010
Table 3.2.3 Percentage of looked after children at 31 March 2010, by ethnicity Ethnicity Total White Mixed Asian Black Other Greenwich 590 52.0% 15.0% 6.0% 23.0% 4.0% Statistical neighbours 658 57.0% 16.0% 5.0% 19.0% 5.0% London 10,970 41.0% 16.0% 12.0% 27.0% 4.0% England 64,400 76.0% 8.0% 5.0% 7.0% 3.0% Source: DfE SFR Children Looked After by Local Authorities (including adoption and care leavers) - year ending 31 March 2010
60 Stability of placements of looked after children
Stable placements keep looked after children safe and secure, and help to improve their educational and health outcomes. Tables 3.2.4 and 3.2.5 include information on the stability of placements for looked after children.
Table 3.2.4 Percentage of looked after children with three or more placements during the year ending 31 March between 2006 and 2010 3+ Placements 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Greenwich 13.1% 9.7% 11.5% 8.5% 11.5% Statistical Neighbours 14.6% 13.9% 12.2% 11.6% 11.1% London 13.0% 12.6% 11.7% 11.4% 11.9% England 12.9% 12.7% 11.8% 11.1% 10.9% Source: DfE SFR Children Looked After by Local Authorities (including adoption and care leavers) - year ending 31 March 2010
Table 3.2.5 Percentage of children (under 16) at 31 March who had been looked after continuously for at least 2.5 years, who had lived in the same placement for at least 2 years, or were placed for adoption, between 2006 and 2010 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Greenwich 52.4% 63.3% 71.9% 67.3% 73.8% Statistical Neighbours 62.7% 64.0% 65.1% 66.5% 67.0% London 61.7% 64.4% 65.7% 67.1% 68.5% England 63.5% 64.3% 65.0% 66.3% 68.0% Source: DfE SFR Children Looked After by Local Authorities (including adoption and care leavers) - year ending 31 March 2010
Adoption
Linked to the stability of placements for looked after children, increasing the proportion of looked after children who become adopted remains a key priority in Greenwich. The table and chart below include information on the timeliness of placements of looked after children for adoption.
Table 3.2.6 Percentage of looked after children adopted during the year who were placed for adoption within 12 months of the agency deciding that the child should be placed for adoption, between 2006 and 2010 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Greenwich 80.0% 66.7% 70.4% 82.4% 52.2% Statistical Neighbours 72.0% 76.9% 66.9% 78.4% 68.8% England 76.7% 75.1% 75.6% 75.0% 72.4% Source: DfE SFR Children Looked After by Local Authorities (including adoption and care leavers) - year ending 31 March 2010
61 Table 3.2.7 below is based on average scores from a strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) which is used to assess the emotional and behavioural health of looked after children. A lower score on the SDQ indicates that a child is less likely to have emotional and behavioural difficulties.
Table 3.2.7 Emotional and behavioural health of looked after children - average score for children looked after for a year or more (aged 4 to 16) 2008/09 and 2009/10 2008/09 2009/10 Average Average Score Score Greenwich 13.4 12.6 Statistical Neighbours 12.7 13.7 London 12.0 13.5 England 14.0 14.2 Source: DfE SFR Children Looked After by Local Authorities (including adoption and care leavers) - year ending 31 March 2010
Tables 3.2.8 and 3.2.9 show information about care leavers.
Table 3.2.8 Percentage of former care leavers aged 19 who were looked after on 1 April in their 17th year, who were in suitable accommodation as at 31 March 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Greenwich 89.6% 86.4% 90.3% 90.5% 84.9% Statistical Neighbours 88.1% 86.6% 84.3% 87.6% 86.8% London 89.9% 89.1% 89.7% 88.1% 87.7% England 88.0% 87.3% 88.4% 89.6% 90.3% Source: DfE SFR Children Looked After by Local Authorities (including adoption and care leavers) - year ending 31 March 2010
Table 3.2.9 Percentage of former care leavers aged 19 who were looked after on 1 April in their 17th year, who were in education, employment or training as at 31 March 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Greenwich 62.7% 57.6% 66.7% 59.5% 41.1% Statistical Neighbours 56.5% 61.1% 66.5% 62.6% 58.5% London 66.3% 65.2% 68.3% 65.2% 61.6% England 62.7% 62.6% 64.9% 63.0% 62.1% Source: DfE SFR Children Looked After by Local Authorities (including adoption and care leavers) - year ending 31 March 2010
62 3.3 Domestic Violence
Domestic violence is one of the most common reasons for children being made subject to Child Protection Plans. Tables 3.3.1 to 3.3.3 show information on domestic violence.
Table 3.3.1 Domestic Violence incidents as a proportion of all recorded offences between 2005/06 and 2009/10 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Total number of offences 34101 31916 33086 31302 28460 % Domestic Violence 13.0% 14.5% 15.0% 15.3% 16.2% % Non Domestic Violence 87.0% 85.5% 85.0% 84.7% 83.8% Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Source: Infoshare
Table 3.3.2 Wards with the highest number of Domestic Violence offences between 2005/06 and 2009/10 Ward 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Woolwich Riverside 10.8% 9.9% 9.3% 10.0% 10.2% Woolwich Common 9.2% 8.9% 9.8% 8.5% 9.8% Abbey Wood 7.8% 8.2% 8.8% 8.9% 8.7% Glyndon 8.5% 8.5% 7.7% 7.7% 8.2% Thamesmead Moorings 7.5% 8.2% 8.6% 8.7% 8.0% Plumstead 6.2% 6.6% 7.1% 7.7% 7.3% Source: Infoshare
Table 3.3.3 Domestic Violence as a proportion of violent offences against the person between 2005/06 and 2009/10 Violence Against the Person 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 % Domestic Violence 26.8% 29.0% 30.3% 29.7% 29.3% % Non Domestic Violence 73.2% 71.0% 69.7% 70.3% 70.7% Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Source: Infoshare
63 3.4 Children in Need Panel
Child in Need Panel
The Child in Need Panel is a multi-disciplinary panel that considers the individual needs of children who required targeted support. Tables 3.4.1 to 3.4.4 include information on Child in Need cases presented to the Child in Need Panel between September 2009 and August 2010.
Table 3.4.1 Cases presented to the Child In Need Panel between September 2009 and August 2010 by age group Age group No. of children % of Total Under 5 107 23.3% 5 to 11 128 27.8% 12 to 14 105 22.8% 15 to 18 120 26.1% Total 460 100.0% Source: CIN Panel
Table 3.4.2 Cases presented to the Child In Need Panel between September 2009 and August 2010 by gender Gender No. of children % of Total Female 221 48.0% Male 239 52.0% Total 460 100.0% Source: CIN Panel
64 Table 3.4.3 Cases presented to the Child In Need Panel between September 2009 and August 2010 by ethnic group Ethnic Group No. of Children % of Total Bangladeshi 0 0.0% Indian - - Asian Pakistani 0 0.0% Other Asian Background - - Black Caribbean 16 3.5% Black Ghanian - - Black Nigerian 12 2.6% Black Black Somali - - Other Black African 21 4.6% Other Black Background 27 5.9% White and Asian - - White and Black African 10 2.2% Mixed White and Black Caribbean 10 2.2% Other Mixed Background 27 5.9% White British 272 59.1% White European 14 3.0% White Irish - - White Other White Background - - Gypsy Roma 0 0.0% Traveller Irish Heritage 0 0.0% Turkish or Turkish Cypriot 0 0.0% Chinese 0 0.0% Other Vietnamese - - Other Ethnic Group - - Unknown Unknown 26 5.7% Total 460 100.0% Source: CIN Panel
65 Table 3.4.4 Cases presented to the Child In Need Panel between September 2009 and August 2010 by ward of residence Ward of residence No. of children % of Total Abbey Wood 39 8.5% Blackheath Westcombe 13 2.8% Charlton 17 3.7% Coldharbour and New Eltham 17 3.7% Eltham North 6 1.3% Eltham South 15 3.3% Eltham West 28 6.1% Glyndon 27 5.9% Greenwich West 29 6.3% Kidbrooke with Hornfair 30 6.5% Middle Park and Sutcliffe 25 5.4% Peninsula 16 3.5% Plumstead 34 7.4% Shooters Hill 23 5.0% Thamesmead Moorings 43 9.3% Woolwich Common 44 9.6% Woolwich Riverside 42 9.1% Out of Borough 5 1.1% Unknown 7 1.5% Total 460 100.0% Source: CIN Panel
Common Assessment Framework (CAF)
The Common Assessment Framework (CAF) is a shared assessment and planning framework for use across all children’s services and all local authorities in England. Its aim is to help with the early identification of children and young people’s additional needs and promote co-ordinated service provision to meet these needs. Tables 3.4.5 to 3.4.8 show information on CAF cases between September 2009 and August 2010.
Table 3.4.5 CAF cases started between September 2009 and August 2010 by age group Age group No. of children % of Total Under 5 32 12.9% 5 to 11 50 20.1% 12 to 14 36 14.5% 15 to 18 115 46.2% 19+ 16 6.4% Total 249 100.0% Source: Integrated Working Team
66 Table 3.4.6 CAF cases started between September 2009 and August 2010 by gender Gender No. of children % of Total Female 109 43.8% Male 140 56.2% Total 249 100.0% Source: Integrated Working Team
Table 3.4.7 CAF cases started between September 2009 and August 2010 by ethnicity Ethnic group No. of children % of Total Bangladeshi - - Indian - - Asian Pakistani - - Other Asian Background - - Black Caribbean 15 6.0% Black Ghanian - - Black Nigerian 14 5.6% Black Black Somali - - Other Black African 17 6.8% Other Black Background 7 2.8% White and Asian - - White and Black African 9 3.6% Mixed White and Black Caribbean 15 6.0% Other Mixed Background 6 2.4% White British 138 55.4% White European - - White Irish - - White Other White Background 0 0.0% Gypsy Roma 0 0.0% Traveller Irish Heritage 0 0.0% Turkish or Turkish Cypriot - - Chinese 0 0.0% Other Vietnamese - - Other Ethnic Group - - Unknown Unknown - - Total 249 100.0% Source: Integrated Working Team
67 Table 3.4.8 CAF cases started between September 2009 and August 2010 by ward of residence Ward of residence No. of children % of Total Abbey Wood 23 9.2% Blackheath Westcombe - - Charlton 19 7.6% Coldharbour and New Eltham 8 3.2% Eltham North - - Eltham South 5 2.0% Eltham West 17 6.8% Glyndon 15 6.0% Greenwich West 12 4.8% Kidbrooke with Hornfair 14 5.6% Middle Park and Sutcliffe 16 6.4% Peninsula 5 2.0% Plumstead 17 6.8% Shooters Hill 15 6.0% Thamesmead Moorings 11 4.4% Woolwich Common 21 8.4% Woolwich Riverside 30 12.0% Out of Borough 16 6.4% Total 249 100.0% Source: Integrated Working Team
Team Around the Child (TAC)
A Team Around the Child (TAC) is a multi-disciplinary team of practitioners established on a case by case basis to support a child, young person or family. Tables 3.4.9 to 3.4.12 show information on TAC cases between September 2009 and August 2010.
Table 3.4.9 TAC cases started between September 2009 and August 2010 by age group Age group No. of children % of Total Under 5 63 29.7% 5 to 11 69 32.5% 12 to 14 43 20.3% 15 to 18 35 16.5% 19+ - - Total 212 100.0% Source: Integrated Working Team
68 Table 3.4.10 TAC cases started between September 2009 and August 2010 by gender Gender No. of Children % of Total Female 82 38.7% Male 130 61.3% Total 212 100.0% Source: Integrated Working Team
Table 3.4.11 TAC cases started between September 2009 and August 2010 by ethnicity Ethnic group No. of children % of Total Bangladeshi 0 0.0% Indian - - Asian Pakistani 0 0.0% Other Asian Background 0 0.0% Black Caribbean 12 5.7% Black Ghanian - - Black Nigerian 9 4.2% Black Black Somali - - Other Black African 18 8.5% Other Black Background 6 2.8% White and Asian 0 0.0% White and Black African 5 2.4% Mixed White and Black Caribbean - - Other Mixed Background 10 4.7% White British 132 62.3% White European - - White Irish - - White Other White Background 0 0.0% Gypsy Roma 0 0.0% Traveller Irish Heritage 0 0.0% Turkish or Turkish Cypriot 0 0.0% Chinese 0 0.0% Other Vietnamese 0 0.0% Other Ethnic Group - - Unknown Unknown - - Total 212 100.0% Source: Integrated Working Team
69 Table 3.4.12 TAC cases started between September and August 2010 by ward of residence Ward of residence No. of children % of Total Abbey Wood 25 11.8% Blackheath Westcombe 9 4.2% Charlton 25 11.8% Coldharbour and New Eltham 6 2.8% Eltham North 5 2.4% Eltham South 6 2.8% Eltham West 12 5.7% Glyndon 13 6.1% Greenwich West 12 5.7% Kidbrooke with Hornfair 8 3.8% Middle Park and Sutcliffe 12 5.7% Peninsula - - Plumstead 10 4.7% Shooters Hill 11 5.2% Thamesmead Moorings 20 9.4% Woolwich Common 15 7.1% Woolwich Riverside 17 8.0% Out of Borough 5 2.4% Total 212 100.0% Source: Integrated Working Team
3.5 Accidents
Ensuring children and young people are safe from accidental injury and death is an important part of Greenwich’s Stay Safe agenda. Tables 3.5.1 and 3.5.2 show information on accidents.
Table 3.5.1 Number of children (under 16) killed or seriously injured in road traffic accidents between 2005 and 2009 Number 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Children (under 16) 11 18 12 16 12 Source: Personal injury road accident data.
Table 3.5.2 The rate of emergency hospital admissions per 10,000 caused by unintentional and deliberate injuries to children Rate per 10,000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Greenwich 108.2 105.7 108.1 114.2 83.9 Statistical Neighbours 118.0 129.3 129.6 122.2 121.7 England 120.3 120.6 123.1 121.5 119.5 Source: Department of Health
70 3.6 Bullying and Discrimination
The effects of bullying and discrimination can have a serious impact on a young person’s well-being and outcomes. Table 3.6.1 includes information on racist incidents and tables 3.6.2 to 3.6.5 include information on bullying.
Table 3.6.1 Number of racist incidents in Greenwich schools between 2004/05 and 2007/08 Racist Incidents 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 Nursery 0 0 0 1 0 Primary 195 185 194 133 96 Secondary 45 62 38 30 37 Special 13 5 12 13 4 Total 253 252 244 177 137 Source: Greenwich schools - by academic year
Table 3.6.2 Percentage of Greenwich children bullied at school or somewhere else by ethnicity in 2009
Total number % Bullied in each Ethnicity surveyed by ethnicity ethnic group White 1159 30.9% White - Other 119 30.3% Mixed 206 22.3% Asian or Asian British 247 22.3% Black or Black British 673 24.7% Chinese or other 66 22.7% Missing/Prefer not to say 713 32.5% All Pupils 3183 28.5% Source: 2009 Tellus Survey (based on weighted data). Bullying (NI 69) refers to children and young people who have experienced bullying once or more in the last year, at school or somewhere else.
Table 3.6.3 Percentage of Greenwich children bullied at school or somewhere else by gender in 2009
Total number % Bullied within % Surveyed by Gender surveyed by gender gender gender Male 1488 27.2% 46.7% Female 1670 29.2% 52.5% Not recorded 25 64.0% 0.8% All Pupils 3183 28.5% 100.0% Source: 2009 Tellus Survey (based on weighted data). Bullying (NI 69) refers to children and young people who have experienced bullying once or more in the last year, at school or somewhere else.
71 Table 3.6.4 Percentage of Greenwich children bullied at school or somewhere else by Year Group in 2009 Total number surveyed by Year % Bullied within Year % Surveyed by Year Year Group Group Group Group Year 6 1120 37.0% 35.2% Year 8 1006 29.5% 31.6% Year 10 1057 18.6% 33.2% All Pupils 3183 28.5% 100.0% Source: 2009 Tellus Survey (based on weighted data). Bullying (NI 69) refers to children and young people who have experienced bullying once or more in the last year, at school or somewhere else.
Table 3.6.5 Percentage of Greenwich children bullied at school or somewhere else by Disability in 2009
Total surveyed by % Bullied within % Surveyed by Disability disability disability disability No disability indicated 2927 27.4% 92.0% Disability indicated 139 44.6% 4.4% Not recorded 117 37.6% 3.7% All Pupils 3183 28.5% 100.0% Source: 2009 Tellus Survey (based on weighted data). Bullying (NI 69) refers to children and young people who have experienced bullying once or more in the last year, at school or somewhere else. 3.7 Victims of Crime
Tables 3.7.1 to 3.7.4 include information on victims (aged 1 to 17) of crime in Greenwich in 2009/10.
Table 3.7.1 Number of victims (aged 1 to 17) of reported crime in Greenwich in 2009/10, by description of crime Crime type Number of victims % of Total Violence Against the Person 1,079 50.2% Robbery 295 13.7% Theft and Handling 279 13.0% Other Accepted Crime 276 12.8% Sexual Offences 158 7.3% Burglary 25 1.2% Criminal Damage 20 0.9% Other Notifiable Offences 14 0.7% Fraud or Forgery 5 0.2% Total 2151 100% Source Infoshare - figures relate to the financial year 2009/10
72 Table 3.7.2 Number of victims of reported crime in Greenwich in 2009/10, by age and gender Age Male Female Unspecified Total % of Total 1 48 49 - 98 4.6% 2 28 17 0 45 2.1% 3 25 18 0 43 2.0% 4 32 23 0 55 2.6% 5 20 19 0 39 1.8% 6 32 23 0 55 2.6% 7 32 13 0 45 2.1% 8 34 22 0 56 2.6% 9 29 28 0 57 2.6% 10 39 37 0 76 3.5% 11 78 42 - 121 5.6% 12 92 52 0 144 6.7% 13 112 97 0 209 9.7% 14 148 140 0 288 13.4% 15 126 130 0 256 11.9% 16 131 138 0 269 12.5% 17 132 162 - 295 13.7% Total 1138 1010 - 2151 100.0% Source Infoshare - figures relate to the financial year 2009/10
Chart 3.7.3 Number of victims of crime (aged 1 to 17) between 2006/07 and 2008/09, by month crime was reported
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 350
300
250
200
150
100 Numberof victims 50
0 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
Source: Infoshare - by financial year
73 Table 3.7.4 Number of victims (aged 1 to 17) in Greenwich in 2009/10, by Safer Neighbourhood Area Safer Neighbourhood areas Number % of Total Abbey Wood 120 5.6% Blackheath Westcombe 83 3.9% Charlton 168 7.8% Coldharbour and New Eltham 75 3.5% Eltham North 81 3.8% Eltham South 87 4.0% Eltham West 64 3.0% Ferrier 44 2.0% Glyndon 171 7.9% Greenwich West 102 4.7% Kidbrooke with Hornfair 86 4.0% Middle Park and Sutcliffe 126 5.9% Peninsula 108 5.0% Plumstead 118 5.5% Shooters Hill 201 9.3% Thamesmead Moorings 172 8.0% Woolwich Common 120 5.6% Woolwich Riverside 129 6.0% Woolwich Town 74 3.4% Unspecified 22 1.0% Total 2151 100.0% Source Infoshare - figures relate to the financial year 2009/10
74 Section Four
Enjoy and achieve Section 4: Enjoy and Achieve
This section includes information about early years and childcare, schools and other types of educational provision, educational achievement at the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) and Key Stages 1 to 5, attendance, permanent and fixed exclusions, underachieving groups of pupils and the attainment of looked after children.
Early Years and Childcare
Early Years and Childcare covers services delivered by childminders, childcare providers on domestic and non-domestic premises and Children’s Centres.
• Overall, numbers of childcare providers and places in Greenwich have declined over the past year. Based on Ofsted’s summary of registered providers and places, there was a net loss of 30 providers and 456 places in the borough between June 2009 and June 2010. • The total percentage decline in childminders and childcare on non-domestic premises in Greenwich has been greater than national between June 2009 and June 2010. • Quality of childcare in Greenwich has improved over the past year. Based on Ofsted inspections since September 2008, the overall percentage of childcare providers rated good or outstanding has increased from 57.7% in June 2009 to 66.3% in June 2010. • In May 2010, 3,386 three year olds and 3,251 four year olds took up their free nursery entitlement at private, voluntary, independent or maintained settings in Greenwich. This represents a take-up of 82.3% of 3 year olds and 86.7% of 4 year olds. • In April 2010, Ofsted began its programme of Children’s Centre inspections. As at November 2010, two of Greenwich’s children’s centres have been inspected. Overall effectiveness was rated good at one centre and satisfactory at the other.
Educational Achievement
Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS)
The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) provides the framework of learning, development and care for children from birth to five years old, which schools and registered childcare providers are required to follow. The Early Years Foundation Stage Profile (EYFSP) is the statutory assessment required for children who are reaching the end of the Foundation Stage. Schools and settings with children in the final year of the EYFS (usually at the end of the reception year in primary school) must complete the EYFSP assessments and return the results to the local authority.
For the purposes of the EYFSP practitioners are expected to carry out ongoing observations and assessments in six areas of learning:
• Personal, Social and Emotional Development (PSED) • Communication, Language and Literacy Development (CLLD) • Problem Solving Reasoning and Numeracy (PSRN) • Knowledge and Understanding of the World • Physical Development
75 • Creative Development
Each child’s level of development is recorded against 13 curriculum aspects with the score for each aspect ranging from 1 to 9. The majority of pupils are expected to achieve a score between 6 and 9.
• There has been an underlying trend of improvement at the EYFS since 2005. • Greenwich exceeded national performance at the EYFS for all six areas of learning (described above) in 2009 and 2010. • In 2010, 61% of pupils achieved at least 78+ points across the EYFS with at least 6+ in PSED and CLLD. This performance was 5% points above the 2010 national average. • Greenwich also narrowed the achievement gap between the median score for all children and the average score for the lowest 20% of attainers in 2010, down to 31.5%, from 32.7% in 2009. This performance was 1.2% points better than national performance.
Key Stage 1
Key Stage 1 is the two years of schooling in maintained schools in England that covers Year 1 and Year 2, when pupils are aged between 5 and 7. Schools are required to report teacher assessment results in speaking and listening, reading, writing, mathematics and science. At the end of Key Stage 1, the majority of pupils are expected to reach or exceed Level 2 of the National Curriculum.
• There has been an underlying trend of improvement at Key Stage 1 since 2007. • The Key Stage 1 results in Greenwich in 2010 are 1% point above national for mathematics, in line with national for writing and 1% point below national for reading. • This suggests that above national average performance at the EYFS has started to translate through to Key Stage 1.
Pupils achieving Level 2B or above are more likely to achieve the expected Level 4 or better when they reach the end of Key Stage 2 at age 11.
• Greenwich’s 2010 performance at Level 2B or above is in line with national for reading, 2% points below national for mathematics and 4% points below national for writing.
Level 3 is the highest level that can be achieved by pupils at the end of Key Stage 1.
• Greenwich’s 2010 performance at Level 3 is below national, with a 2% points gap in reading and 3% points gaps in both writing and mathematics.
Key Stage 2
Key Stage 2 is the four years of schooling in maintained schools in England that covers Years 3, 4, 5 and 6, when pupils are aged between 7 and 11. At the end of Key Stage 2 (Year 6), pupils sit tests in English and mathematics and have a teacher assessment in science. The majority of pupils are expected to reach or exceed Level 4 of the National Curriculum. In 2010, some primary schools across England did not administer the Key Stage 2 tests. In Greenwich, 30 out of 63 primary schools administered the Key Stage 2 tests in English and mathematics. In the tables showing trends in Key Stage 2 performance from 2006 to 2010, the 2010 results are based on test results so that they are
76 comparable with test results from previous years. In the tables with contextual data, for example, ethnicity, the 2010 results are based on teacher assessments in order to base the analysis on the complete cohort of pupils.
• There has been an underlying trend of improvement at Key Stage 2 since 2007. • The Key Stage 2 test results in Greenwich in 2010 are 1% point above national for Level 4 or above in both English and mathematics.
Level 5 is the highest level that can be achieved by pupils at the end of Key Stage 2.
• Performance at Level 5 in Greenwich in 2010 is in line with national for mathematics but 2% points below national for English.
Key Stage 3
Key Stage 3 is the three years of schooling in maintained schools in England which covers Years 7, 8 and 9, when pupils are aged between 11 and 14. The majority of pupils are expected to attain at or above Level 5 of the National Curriculum at Key Stage 3. In October 2008, the government discontinued statutory testing at Key Stage 3. The 2009 and 2010 Key Stage 3 performance is based on teacher assessments in English, mathematics and science.
• Performance in Greenwich at Key Stage 3 improved in 2010 compared with 2009 but is still below national averages for English, mathematics and science; 6% points below in English and 8% points below in both mathematics and science.
Pupils at Key Stage 3 can reach up to Level 7 at Key Stage 3 in English and science and Level 8 in mathematics.
• Performance at Level 6 or above in Greenwich in 2010 is below national, with a 7% point gap in English and an 11% point gap in mathematics and science.
Key Stage 4/GCSE
Key Stage 4 is the last two years of compulsory schooling in maintained schools in England, and covers Years 10 and Year 11, when pupils are aged between 14 and 16. The examinations at the end of Key Stage 4 are typically GCSEs, although there is a broad range of other examinations that pupils can be entered for. These other qualifications now have a GCSE equivalence and they count towards a pupil’s overall GCSE performance, at the end of Key Stage 4. There are a range of performance indicators at Key Stage 4. The tables and graphs in the Key Stage 4 section report on the following indicators:
• Percentage achieving 5+ A* - C grades (Incl. English & maths); and • Percentage achieving 5+ A* - C grades; • Percentage achieving 1+ A* - G grades.
The underlying trend in performance at GCSE in Greenwich has been an improving one and the rate of improvement has been faster than national which has resulted in a closing of the gap between Greenwich and national.
77 • Between 2007 and 2010, Greenwich has improved by 16.1% points for the percentage of pupils achieving 5+ A* - C grades (Incl. English & maths) compared to a 10.1% improvement in London and a 7.1% improvement nationally. • In 2010, 50.1% of pupils achieved 5+ A* - C grades (Incl. English & maths) which is 3.3% points below national performance and 7.9% below the London average.
The challenge in Greenwich is to close the gap, exceed the national average and reach the London average for 5+ A* - C grades (Incl. English & maths).
Key Stage 5/Post 16
Key Stage 5 is more commonly referred to as Sixth Form or Post 16 and normally covers Years 12 to 13, when pupils are aged between 16 and 18 years old. There are also some older students in Years 14 and 15. The examinations at the end of Key Stage 5 are typically A Levels, AS Levels or Business and Technology Education Council (BTEC) National Diplomas, Certificates and Awards although there is a broad range of other examinations that pupils can be entered for.
• In 2010, Greenwich’s average points score per student is 581 which is 164 points below national performance, and • The average points score per entry was 203 which is 11 points below national.
In order to improve average points score per student, Greenwich needs to increase the number of higher achieving pupils continuing their education in the borough and increase the number of courses they take.
Attendance
There have been year on year improvements in attendance at school in Greenwich. Reducing persistent absence (i.e. those pupils who are absent for 20% or more of the school year) and continuing to improve overall attendance are ongoing priorities for Greenwich.
• There have been substantial improvements in overall attendance rates in Greenwich since 2006/07. • In Autumn/Spring 2009/10, Greenwich’s primary attendance rate is 0.3% better than the national rate (94.9% compared to 94.6% nationally) and the secondary attendance rate is 0.1% better than the national rate (93.2% compared to 93.1% nationally). • In 2009/10, Greenwich’s persistent absence rate is better than national in primary schools (1.4% compared to 1.8% nationally) but not as good as national in secondary schools (4.8% compared to 4.6% nationally). • Pupils eligible for free school meals (FSM), pupils with special educational needs (SEN), pupils from White backgrounds and pupils in Years 1, 2, 9, 10 and 11 are the pupil groups and year groups with the highest absence rates so these are the areas where there is most scope to improve overall attendance.
78 Permanent and Fixed Term Exclusions
There has been a significant reduction in permanent exclusions since 2006/07 in Greenwich.
• In 2009/10, there were 12 permanent exclusions in Greenwich; all from secondary schools. This represents a reduction in permanent exclusions compared with 2008/09 when there were 22 permanent exclusions. • Greenwich’s rate of permanent exclusion per 10,000 pupils is much lower than the national rate (3.2 per 10,000 in Greenwich in 2009/10 compared with the latest available national data which is 9.0 per 10,000).
In line with national findings, boys were more likely to be permanently excluded from school than girls in 2009/10 and the most common point for pupils to be excluded is in Years 9 and 10 (10 out of the 12 permanent exclusions).
• Fixed term exclusions have decreased from 2,967 in 2007/08 to 2,739 in 2008/09 4.
Fixed term exclusions are higher among boys, White British pupils and pupils in Year 6 (primary phase) and Years 9 and 10 (secondary phase) so this is where the focus needs to be to improve performance.
Underachieving groups of pupils
Greenwich plans to raise standards of attainment further by improving the attainment and progress of underachieving groups of pupils.
• At the Early Years Foundation Stage and Key Stage 1, the largest underachieving groups are boys, summer born children, children eligible for free school meals (FSM) and pupils with special educational needs (SEN). • At Key Stages 2, 3 and 4, the largest underachieving groups are boys, pupils from White British backgrounds, children eligible for FSM and pupils with SEN.
The local authority challenges and supports schools to ensure that every child makes good progress, especially those at risk of underachievement. As well as narrowing the attainment gap between different groups of pupils, there is also a focus on reducing inconsistencies in performance within and between schools.
There has been some success in reducing the Special Educational Needs gap based on the achievement of 5+ A* - C (Incl. English & maths). The overall improvement in GCSE performance in 2010 has resulted in the Special Educational Needs (SEN) gap, between SEN pupils and non-SEN pupils, being reduced.
• In 2010, the gap between SEN pupils and non-SEN pupils was 41.0%, compared with 43.7% in 2009, a reduction of 2.7% points. Performance was better than statistical neighbours and the national average.
4 2008/09 is the latest available data for fixed term exclusions. 79 Looked After Children’s Attainment
Greenwich generally achieves better outcomes for vulnerable children compared with national outcomes. However, looked after children have the largest gaps in attainment and maximising their outcomes is an ongoing priority.
Around 50% of Greenwich’s looked after children are educated in Greenwich schools; the rest are attending schools in other local authorities. The data in the tables under Section 4.4 represent results achieved by all Greenwich’s looked after children, whether educated within Greenwich or in schools in other boroughs. The results do not include those children and young people in Greenwich schools looked after by other local authorities. It is important to note that as the numbers of children and young people in each cohort are relatively small, a change in one child’s performance can have a big impact on the results when they are expressed as a percentage.
• Key Stage 1 results for looked after children in 2010 declined in reading and writing but improved in mathematics compared with 2009. However, 2010 performance in Greenwich is well above the 2010 national for looked after children at Key Stage 1. • Key Stage 2 results for looked after children in 2010 improved in English, mathematics and science compared with 2009 and are well above the 2010 national. • Key Stage 4 results for looked after children in 2010 improved for 5+ A* - C (Incl. English & maths), 5+ A* - C, 5+ A* - G and 1+ A* - G compared with 2009. The performance of looked after children in Greenwich in 2010 is above 2010 national performance for looked after children for 5+ A* - C (Incl. English & maths).
Historically, there has been a national concern regarding the high numbers of looked after young people who have not been given the opportunity to sit GCSE or equivalent examinations. Performance on this indicator in Greenwich between 2008 and 2010 has improved and is better than the 2010 national performance.
80 4.1 Early Years and Childcare
The definitions for the different types of childcare provision included in Ofsted’s summary publication Registered Childcare Providers and Places are described below:
Childminder - This is a person who is registered to look after one or more children, to whom they are not related, for reward. Childminders work with no more than two other childminders or assistants. They care for: children on domestic premises that are not usually the home of one of the children unless they care for children from more than two families wholly or mainly in the homes of the families AND at least one individual child for a total of more than two hours in any day. This is not necessarily a continuous period of time. Childcare providers - Childcare providers care for at least one individual child for a total of more than two hours in any day. This is not necessarily a continuous period of time. They must register to care for children under the age of eight, unless they are not required to do so; and can choose to register to care for older children. Childcare providers on domestic premises - These are people providing care on domestic premises with at least three other people. They can provide the care directly or employ people to work with them. The difference between childminding and childcare on domestic premises is the number of people involved. If four or more people look after children at any time they are providing childcare on domestic premises, not childminding. Childcare providers on non-domestic premises - These are people providing care for individual children in premises that are not someone’s home. These premises can range from converted houses to purpose built nurseries. Home childcarers - Home childcarers care for children of any age up to their 18th birthday, wholly or mainly in the home of a child being cared for. They care for children from no more than two families. They can only register on the voluntary part of the Childcare Register.
Developments in childcare provision
Table 4.1.1 Net change in the number of childcare places in Greenwich between June 2009 and June 2010 No. of places No. of places No. of Type of Provision Net Change in June 09 in June 10 settings Childminders 1,942 1,785 -157 427 Childcare on Non- 4,927 4,619 -308 128 Domestic Premises Childcare on Domestic 0 9 9 1 Premises Total 6,869 6,413 -456 556 Source: Ofsted Registered Childcare Providers and Places 30 June 2009, 30 June 2010
Table 4.1.1 shows that there has been a net loss of 456 childcare places in Greenwich between June 2009 and June 2010. This is a decrease of 6.6% overall, with a decrease of 8.1% in childminder places and 6.3% in childcare on non-domestic premises. Ofsted only reports places for settings on the Early Years Register (EYR).
81 Table 4.1.2 Net percentage change in the number of childcare settings in Greenwich between June 2009 and June 2010 No. of EYR No. of EYR Net Total no. of Total no. of Net Type of Provision settings in settings in Change settings in settings in Change June 09 June 10 (%) June 09 June 10 (%) Childminders 468 427 -8.8% 470 432 -8.1% Childcare on Non- 138 128 -7.2% 159 146 -8.2% Domestic Premises Childcare on Domestic 0 1 100.0% 0 1 100.0% Premises Home Childcarers - - - 50 70 40.0% Total 606 556 -8.3% 679 649 -4.4% Source: Ofsted Registered Childcare Providers and Places 30 June 2009, 30 June 2010
Table 4.1.2 shows that there has been a net loss of 8.3% (-50 providers) from the Early Years Register (EYR) and 4.4% (-30 providers) overall in Greenwich between June 2009 and June 2010. The overall total of settings includes providers listed on the Voluntary Childcare and Compulsory Childcare Registers. The total numbers of childminders and childcare on non-domestic premises have decreased at similar rates, but there has been a significant increase in the number of home childcarers.
Chart 4.1.3 Net percentage change in the total number of childcare settings in Greenwich and England between June 2009 and June 2010 Greenwich England 120% 100.0% 100%
80%80% 60% 60% 40.0% 40% 29.1% 40% 24.0% 20% Percentage change -8.1% -4.9% -8.2% -1.8%
5+ A*-CPercentagechange 20% (Incl. E & M) 0%
-20%0% Childminders Childcare Non-Domestic Childcare Domestic Home Childcarers
Source: Ofsted Registered Childcare Providers and Places 30 June 2009, 30 June 2010
Chart 4.1.3 shows that the numbers of childminders and childcare on domestic premises in Greenwich have decreased at a greater rate than the national average between June 2009 and June 2010. The smaller sectors of childcare on domestic premises and home childcarers have increased by
82 more than the national average rate, but the overall decrease in providers is -4.4%, compared to the national average of -2.1%.
Table 4.1.4 estimates the number of different types of childcare settings and places in Greenwich by ward.
Table 4.1.4 Number of childcare providers and places in Greenwich in June 2010, by ward Childcare on Non- Childcare on Childminders Ward Domestic Premises Domestic Premises Settings Places Settings Places Settings Places Abbey Wood 36 147 5 152 0 0 Blackheath Westcombe 13 55 12 319 0 0 Charlton 25 97 8 325 0 0 Coldharbour and New Eltham 29 133 9 429 0 0 Eltham North 27 120 6 152 1 9 Eltham South 10 48 8 272 0 0 Eltham West 20 84 10 323 0 0 Glyndon 35 133 16 606 0 0 Greenwich West 21 75 13 428 0 0 Kidbrooke with Hornfair 27 114 3 94 0 0 Middle Park and Sutcliffe 18 65 14 660 0 0 Peninsula 19 72 7 276 0 0 Plumstead 29 118 3 93 0 0 Shooters Hill 27 127 5 152 0 0 Thamesmead Moorings 52 214 8 249 0 0 Woolwich Common 38 150 16 454 0 0 Woolwich Riverside 24 85 12 352 0 0 Total 450 1,837 155 5,336 1 9 Source: Greenwich Early Years
83 Extended Schools
Childcare provision has expanded in the last few years, to meet the targets for childcare available to children attending schools. Extensive development support and start-up funding have resulted in good coverage of breakfast clubs and after school care, delivered by private and voluntary providers and by schools themselves, in addition to that offered through the Council's Integrated Youth Support Service. All Greenwich schools have access to extended schools services.
Childcare Sufficiency Assessment
Greenwich Council places a high priority on childcare services and the contribution they can make to the wider objectives of reducing child poverty, raising aspirations and standards, regeneration and building community cohesion. Quality childcare can help support our youngest children to get the best start in life and carry on developing a range of personal and learning skills as they grow. For parents and carers, childcare may be one of the critical steps from worklessness into training and employment.
Support for developing affordable, accessible childcare services that meet the diverse needs of Greenwich parents and carers is included throughout the key strategies and plans the Council produces with its partners.
The Childcare Act 2006 placed a duty on all local authorities to prepare a Childcare Sufficiency Assessment in March 2008, with a further assessment to be carried out by March 2011, together with a published plan of how sufficiency will be achieved and maintained. The purpose of the assessment is to audit whether there is sufficient childcare in Greenwich to support parents and carers in training and employment. The assessment also takes into account the affordability and quality of childcare and how well families with specific needs are supported with childcare services. The plan identifies priority areas for new developments and how recommendations from the assessment will be implemented.
The 2011 Childcare Sufficiency Assessment will include:
• Analysis on the supply of childcare in Greenwich • Analysis on factors affecting demand for childcare and the ability to pay for childcare • Consultation with childcare providers, parents and carers and employers • An analysis of gaps in childcare provision and action planning
The draft report will be available for comments from the end of February 2011 and will be published towards the end of March.
84 Children’s Centres
There are 24 Children’s Centres in Greenwich which provide a large number of additional childcare places for children under five, particularly for those aged 0 to 3. Children’s Centres offer training and support for childminders and many centres provide crèche places.
Table 4.1.5a shows a list of all 24 Children’s Centres and their location by ward.
Table 4.1.5a Location of Greenwich’s 24 Children’s Centres by ward Ward Name Abbey Wood Abbey Wood Nursery School and Children's Centre Abbey Wood Mulberry Park Children’s Centre Blackheath and Westcombe Invicta Primary School and Children's Centre Charlton Pound Park Nursery School and Children's Centre Charlton Sherington Primary School and Children's Centre Coldharbour and New Eltham Greenacres Primary School and Children’s Centre Eltham North Children’s Centre Services at Eltham Centre Eltham South Alderwood Primary School and Children’s Centre Eltham West Storkway Children’s Centre Glyndon Children's Centre Services at Glyndon (Margaret Bondfield) Greenwich West Quaggy Children’s Centre Greenwich West Rachel McMillan Nursery School and Children’s Centre Kidbrooke with Hornfair Shooter's Hill Network Children’s Centre Middle Park and Sutcliffe Vista Field Children’s Centre Peninsula Robert Owen Early Years Centre Plumstead Plumstead Children's Centre Plumstead Children’s Centre Services at Plumstead Common Plumstead/Shooters Hill Children’s Centre Services at Slade Community Centre Thamesmead Moorings Discovery Primary School and Children’s Centre Thamesmead Moorings Waterways Community Children’s Centre Woolwich Common Brookhill Children’s Centre Woolwich Common Eglinton Primary School and Early Years Centre Woolwich Riverside Cardwell Primary School and Children's Centre Woolwich Riverside Mulgrave Primary School and Early Years Centre
Map 4.1.5b shows the location of the Children’s Centres within the borough.
85 Map 4.1.5b Location of Greenwich’s 24 Children’s Centres by ward
© Crown Copyright. All Rights Reserved. Greenwich Council Licence No. 100019695, 2006. Map produced by Early Years Data and Monitoring Unit, Greenwich Council. Tel: 020 8921 3721
86 Ofsted inspection outcomes for nurseries and childminders
Table 4.1.6 Ofsted inspection outcomes between September 2008 and June 2010 Good or Type of setting Inadequate Satisfactory Good Outstanding Outstanding Childminders Greenwich (121) 1.7% 27.3% 54.5% 16.5% 71.1% Outer London 2.4% 27.0% 59.5% 11.1% 70.6% England 2.0% 31.2% 57.5% 9.3% 66.8% Childcare on Non-Domestic Premises Greenwich (47) 2.1% 42.6% 51.1% 4.3% 55.3% Outer London 3.0% 30.2% 58.9% 7.9% 66.8% England 2.1% 27.3% 59.9% 10.7% 70.6% Childcare on Domestic Premises Greenwich (1) 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Outer London 11.1% 33.3% 44.4% 11.1% 55.6% England 3.5% 24.6% 45.6% 26.3% 71.9% All Provision Greenwich (169) 1.8% 32.0% 53.3% 13.0% 66.3% Outer London 2.6% 28.0% 59.3% 10.1% 69.4% England 2.0% 29.9% 58.3% 9.8% 68.1% Source: Ofsted, Inspection Outcomes for Early Years registered providers as at 30 June 2010
Table 4.1.6 shows the number of each type of Greenwich setting inspected by Ofsted between September 2008 and June 2010 and the numbers achieving each overall effectiveness grade, comparing Greenwich outcomes to Outer London and national outcomes. Although Greenwich’s overall percentage of providers rated as good or outstanding is lower than the Outer London or national averages, it has a higher percentage of childminders achieving these inspection grades. Also, the overall percentage of providers rated good or outstanding has increased by a greater rate over the past year (+8.6% from 57.7%) than either Outer London (+1.4% from 68.0%) or national (+3.4% from 64.7%).
87 4.2 Schools
Greenwich has four nursery schools, 64 primary schools, 13 secondary schools including one academy, four special schools and one pupil referral unit.
Of the 64 primary schools, 46 are community, 17 are voluntary aided and one is foundation. There are 10 Roman Catholic schools and 7 Church of England schools.
Table 4.2.1 Primary schools in Greenwich by type of governance and faith School Name Governance School Name Governance Alderwood Community Montbelle Community Alexander McLeod Community Morden Mount Community Bannockburn Community Mulgrave Community Boxgrove Community Nightingale Community Brooklands Community Plumcroft Community Cardwell Community Rockliffe Manor Community Charlton Manor Community Sherington Community Cherry Orchard Community South Rise Community Conway Community Thorntree Community De Lucy Community Timbercroft Community Deansfield Community Windrush Community Discovery Community Wingfield Community Ealdham Community Woodhill Community Eglinton Community Wyborne Community Fossdene Community Hawksmoor Foundation Foxfield Community Bishop John Robinson CE Voluntary Aided Gallions Mount Community Christ Church Blackwall Lane CE Voluntary Aided Gordon Community Christ Church Shooters Hill CE Voluntary Aided Greenacres Community Eltham CE Voluntary Aided Greenslade Community St. Margaret's CE Voluntary Aided Haimo Community St. Mary Magdalene CE Voluntary Aided Halstow Community St. Alfege with St. Peter's CE Voluntary Aided Henwick Community Holy Family RC Voluntary Aided Heronsgate Community Notre Dame RC Voluntary Aided Horn Park Community Our Lady of Grace RC Voluntary Aided Invicta Community St. Joseph's RC Voluntary Aided James Wolfe Community St. Margaret Clitherow RC Voluntary Aided Kidbrooke Park Community St. Mary's RC Voluntary Aided Linton Mead Community St. Patrick's RC Voluntary Aided Meridian Community St. Peter's RC Voluntary Aided Middle Park Community St. Thomas á Becket RC Voluntary Aided Millennium Community St. Thomas More RC Voluntary Aided
88 Table 4.2.2 shows that 12 out of 13 secondary schools have specialist school status.
Table 4.2.2 Greenwich’s 13 secondary schools by gender and specialism School Name Gender Specialism Blackheath Bluecoat Mixed Maths and computing Crown Woods Mixed Humanities Eltham Foundation Mixed Sports Kidbrooke Mixed Arts Shooters Hill Mixed St. Paul's Academy Mixed Sport and enterprise St. Thomas More Mixed Maths, computing and languages The John Roan Mixed Science and maths Thomas Tallis Mixed Arts Eltham Hill Girls only Technology Plumstead Manor Girls only Arts and humanities St. Ursula's Girls only Humanities Woolwich Polytechnic Boys only Technology
There are 4 single sex secondary schools in Greenwich: Eltham Hill (all girls), Plumstead Manor (all girls for Years 7 to 11), St. Ursula’s (all girls), and Woolwich Polytechnic (all boys).
Table 4.2.3 Greenwich’s 13 secondary schools by type of governance and faith School Name Governance Faith Crown Woods Community Eltham Hill Community Kidbrooke Community Plumstead Manor Community Shooters Hill Community Thomas Tallis Community Woolwich Polytechnic Community Eltham Foundation Foundation St. Paul's Academy Academy Roman Catholic Blackheath Bluecoat Voluntary Aided Church of England St. Thomas More Voluntary Aided Roman Catholic St. Ursula's Voluntary Aided Roman Catholic The John Roan Voluntary Controlled
Table 4.2.3 shows that out of 13 secondary schools, seven are community schools, one is a foundation school, three are voluntary aided, one is voluntary controlled and one is an academy. There are three Roman Catholic schools and one Church of England school.
89 School provision for special educational needs (SEN)
Tables 4.2.4 to 4.2.6 show the resourced specialist provision available within Greenwich schools for pupils with SEN. There are 4 special schools in Greenwich (two for primary school age pupils aged and two for secondary school age pupils).
Table 4.2.4 Greenwich’s special schools by age range and type of resourced provision Willow School and type of provision Charlton Moatbridge Waterside Dene Autistic Spectrum Y Y Emotional and behavioural difficulties Y Y Moderate learning difficulties Physical disability Y Y Profound and Multiple learning difficulties Y Y Severe learning difficulties Y Y Specific learning difficulties Age Range 11-19 11-16 5-11 2-11
There are also 6 primary schools and 5 secondary schools which have resourced provision for pupils with SEN, i.e. they provide specialist places for a small number of children and young people with higher levels of SEN.
Table 4.2.5 Greenwich primary schools which have resourced provision for children with Special Educational Needs School Name Type of Provision Alderwood Autistic Spectrum Discovery Autistic Spectrum Millennium Autistic Spectrum James Wolfe Hearing impairment Meridian Deaf and hearing impairment Greenacres Language impairment
Table 4.2.6 Greenwich secondary schools which have resourced provision for children with Special Educational Needs School Name Type of Provision Plumstead Manor Moderate learning difficulties St. Paul's Academy Moderate learning difficulties Crown Woods Moderate learning difficulties and visual impairment Kidbrooke Autistic Spectrum Thomas Tallis Deaf and hearing impairment and language impairment
90 4.3 Educational Achievement
Please refer to the narrative at the beginning of Section 4 for an explanation of the Early Years Foundation Stage and Key Stages 1 to 5. Tables 4.3.1 to 4.3.4 show performance at the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) in Greenwich compared with national performance.
Early Years Foundation Stage Profile
Table 4.3.1 Percentage of pupils achieving a score of 6 or more in each aspect of the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile between 2008 and 2010 Change 2009 National Early Years Foundation Stage 2008 2009 2010 - 2010 2010 Dispositions and attitudes 88% 91% 92% +1% 91% Social development 81% 85% 87% +2% 86% Emotional development 79% 83% 83% +0% 81% Personal, Social and Emotional 73% 79% 80% +1% 77% Development (PSED) Language for communication & thinking 80% 85% 84% -1% 84% Linking sounds and letters 71% 75% 78% +3% 77% Reading 70% 74% 77% +3% 74% Writing 61% 68% 70% +2% 65% Communication, Language and 52% 60% 64% +4% 59% Literacy Development (CLLD) PSED and CLLD 48% 57% 61% +4% 56%
Numbers as labels for counting 86% 87% 89% +2% 89% Calculating 68% 76% 78% +2% 76% Shape, space and measures 82% 84% 85% +1% 84% Problem Solving, Reasoning and 65% 72% 75% +3% 72% Numeracy (PSRN) Knowledge and understanding of the 81% 85% 85% +0% 83% world Physical development 91% 92% 93% +1% 91%
Creative development 83% 87% 86% -1% 82%
Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables
91 Chart 4.3.2 Percentage of pupils achieving a score of 6 or more in Personal, Emotional and Social Development aspects of the Foundation Stage Profile between 2006 and 2010
Greenwich England 90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
% pupilsscoring 6+in PSED 40% 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables
Chart 4.3.3 Percentage of pupils achieving a score of 6 or more in Communication, Language and Literacy Development aspects of the Foundation Stage Profile between 2006 and 2010
Greenwich England 80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
% pupils scoring 6+ in CLLD 20% 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables
Table 4.3.4 Percentage gap between the mean score of the lowest attaining 20% and the median score for all pupils between 2007 and 2010 5 Change EYFS % Gap 2007 2008 2009 2010 2009 - 2010 Greenwich 37.6% 36.0% 32.7% 31.5% -1.2% England 37.2% 35.6% 33.9% 32.7% -1.2% Statistical Neighbours 38.8% 37.4% 35.5% 34.5% -1.0% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables
5 Lower percentage gaps indicate better performance. 92 EYFSP performance by ethnic group
If a pupil achieves six or more in all 13 aspects their total score would be at least 78 points. Pupils achieving a score of 78 or more are deemed to be working securely within the Early Learning Goals, across the Early Years Foundation Stage.
Table 4.3.5 Pupils achieving a total score of 78 points or more at the Early Years Foundation Stage in 2009 and 2010, by ethnic group 2009 2010 Ethnic Group Total No. % Total No. % Bangladeshi 30 76.7% 23 65.2% Indian 55 81.8% 54 88.9% Asian Pakistani 30 60.0% 50 72.0% Other Asian background 101 66.3% 95 78.9% Black Caribbean 94 76.6% 80 76.3% Black Ghanaian 70 81.4% 74 85.1% Black Nigerian 362 81.8% 439 85.2% Black Black Somali 83 72.3% 81 70.4% Other Black African 188 77.1% 200 75.5% Other Black background 109 66.1% 103 78.6% White and Asian 28 78.6% 32 84.4% White and Black African 62 90.3% 59 79.7% Mixed White and Black Caribbean 63 76.2% 54 77.8% Other Mixed background 131 82.4% 137 84.7% White British 1,048 78.5% 1,036 78.8% White European 143 74.8% 165 77.0% White Irish 11 90.9% 13 76.9% White Gypsy Roma 5 60.0% - 66.7% Traveller Irish Heritage - 50.0% - 100.0% Turkish or Turkish Cypriot 22 63.6% 30 70.0% Other White background 63 81.0% 58 79.3% Chinese 37 81.1% 36 86.1% Other Vietnamese 33 69.7% 45 62.2% Other ethnic group 55 72.7% 51 80.4% Unknown Unknown 126 81.0% 93 78.5% All Pupils 2,951 77.7% 3,013 79.3% Source: Greenwich Children's Services
93 Key Stage 1
Tables and charts 4.3.6 to 4.3.8 show the proportion of pupils achieving Level 2+ in reading, writing and mathematics in Greenwich compared with Statistical Neighbours and England.
Table 4.3.6 Pupils achieving Level 2+ in reading at Key Stage 1 between 2006 and 2010 Key Stage 1 Change 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 % Level 2+ 2009 - 2010 Greenwich 75.3% 75.7% 78.2% 82.2% 84.0% +1.8% Reading England 84.0% 84.0% 84.0% 84.0% 85.0% 1.0% Statistical Neighbours 79.3% 79.3% 79.9% 81.3% 81.7% +0.4% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables Table 4.3.7 Pupils achieving Level 2+ in writing at Key Stage 1 between 2006 and 2010 Key Stage 1 Change 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 % Level 2+ 2009 - 2010 Greenwich 71.7% 72.1% 75.1% 78.0% 81.0% +3.0% Writing England 81.0% 80.0% 80.0% 81.0% 81.0% +0.0% Statistical Neighbours 75.7% 75.2% 75.2% 77.4% 77.9% +0.5% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables Table 4.3.8 Pupils achieving Level 2+ in maths at Key Stage 1 between 2006 and 2010 Key Stage 1 Change 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 % Level 2+ 2009 - 2010 Greenwich 85.4% 84.8% 86.5% 86.7% 90.0% +3.3% Maths England 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 89.0% 89.0% +0.0% Statistical Neighbours 87.0% 87.2% 86.9% 87.2% 86.7% -0.5% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables Tables and charts 4.3.9 to 4.3.11 show the proportion of pupils achieving Level 2B+ in reading, writing and mathematics in Greenwich compared with Statistical Neighbours and England.
Table 4.3.9 Pupils achieving Level 2B+ in reading at Key Stage 1 between 2006 and 2010 Key Stage 1 Change 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 % Level 2B+ 2009 - 2010 Greenwich 60.0% 62.0% 65.0% 69.0% 72.0% +3.0% Reading England 71.0% 71.0% 71.0% 72.0% 72.0% +0.0% Statistical Neighbours 65.0% 65.0% 65.0% 67.3% 68.7% +1.4% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables
94 Table 4.3.10 Pupils achieving Level 2B+ in writing at Key Stage 1 between 2006 and 2010 Key Stage 1 Change 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 % Level 2B+ 2009 - 2010 Greenwich 46.0% 45.0% 47.0% 53.0% 56.0% +3.0% Writing England 60.0% 59.0% 58.0% 60.0% 60.0% +0.0% Statistical Neighbours 54.0% 52.0% 52.0% 54.9% 56.3% +1.4% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables
Table 4.3.11 Pupils achieving Level 2B+ in maths at Key Stage 1 between 2006 and 2010 Key Stage 1 Change 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 % Level 2B+ 2009 - 2010 Greenwich 62.0% 63.0% 65.0% 68.0% 71.0% +3.0% Maths England 73.0% 74.0% 74.0% 74.0% 73.0% -1.0% Statistical Neighbours 67.0% 69.0% 69.0% 69.0% 69.1% 0.1% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables Tables and charts 4.3.12 to 4.3.14 show the proportion of pupils achieving Level 3 in reading, writing and mathematics in Greenwich compared with Statistical Neighbours and England.
Table 4.3.12 Pupils achieving Level 3 in reading at Key Stage 1 between 2006 and 2010 Key Stage 1 Change 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 % Level 3 2009 - 2010 Greenwich 16.0% 18.0% 20.0% 22.0% 24.0% +2.0% Reading England 26.0% 26.0% 25.0% 26.0% 26.0% +0.0% Statistical Neighbours 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.2% 20.9% +0.7% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables
Table 4.3.13 Pupils achieving Level 3 in writing at Key Stage 1 between 2006 and 2010 Key Stage 1 Change 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 % Level 3 2009 - 2010 Greenwich 8.0% 6.0% 7.0% 8.0% 9.0% +1.0% Writing England 14.0% 13.0% 12.0% 12.0% 12.0% 0.0% Statistical Neighbours 11.0% 9.0% 10.0% 9.5% 10.1% +0.6% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables
95 Table 4.3.14 Pupils achieving Level 3 in maths at Key Stage 1 between 2006 and 2010 Key Stage 1 Change 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 % Level 3 2009 - 2010 Greenwich 13.0% 14.0% 15.0% 17.0% 17.0% +0.0% Maths England 21.0% 22.0% 21.0% 21.0% 20.0% -1.0% Statistical Neighbours 16.0% 17.0% 17.0% 16.3% 17.1% +0.8% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables
Key Stage 1 average point scores
The DfE devised a system that assigns points to test levels in order to calculate average point scores. This enables whole national curriculum levels to be broken down into sublevels, e.g. at Key Stage 1, Level 2 can be broken up into 2A, 2B and 2C. The use of average point scores enables us to take account of every child’s performance as opposed to just those achieving a specific Level or above. Level 2A at Key Stage 1 is equivalent to 17 points, Level 2B is equivalent to 15 points, and Level 2C is equivalent to 13 points.
Table 4.3.15 Average point score at Key Stage 1 in reading, writing and maths in 2010 Key Stage 1 Reading Writing Maths Average Point Score Greenwich 15.5 14.0 15.4 Statistical Neighbours 15.1 13.9 15.2 England 15.7 14.4 15.7 Source: DfE SFRs
96 Table 4.3.16 Pupils achieving Level 2+ in reading, writing and maths at Key Stage 1 in 2010, by ethnic group Level 2 Level 2 Level 2 No. of Ethnic Group or above or above or above pupils Reading Writing Maths Bangladeshi 14 100.0% 92.9% 92.9% Indian 52 92.3% 84.6% 96.2% Asian Pakistani 31 87.1% 83.9% 87.1% Other Asian background 102 94.1% 93.1% 95.1% Black Caribbean 90 84.4% 76.7% 87.8% Black Ghanaian 62 91.9% 85.5% 93.5% Black Nigerian 330 90.9% 87.0% 91.5% Black Black Somali 82 81.7% 70.7% 87.8% Other Black African 179 85.5% 82.7% 88.8% Other Black background 88 79.5% 77.3% 81.8% White and Asian 22 90.9% 95.5% 90.9% White and Black African 49 89.8% 87.8% 91.8% Mixed White and Black Caribbean 62 79.0% 77.4% 91.9% Other Mixed background 114 81.6% 80.7% 84.2% White British 1,015 82.9% 79.0% 90.0% White European 157 75.8% 75.2% 87.9% White Irish 12 75.0% 75.0% 75.0% White Other White background 53 84.9% 79.2% 94.3% Gypsy Roma 5 40.0% 40.0% 40.0% Traveller Irish Heritage - 75.0% 75.0% 100.0% Turkish or Turkish Cypriot 49 69.4% 59.2% 81.6% Chinese 35 77.1% 77.1% 80.0% Other Vietnamese 30 90.0% 93.3% 96.7% Other ethnic group 44 88.6% 86.4% 88.6% UnknownUnknown 16 87.5% 81.3% 87.5% All Pupils 2,697 84.3% 80.7% 89.5% Source: Greenwich Children's Services
97 Key Stage 1 Narrowing the Gap Analysis
Tables 4.3..17a to 4.3.17c show gaps in performance by gender, free school meals and special educational needs from 2008 to 2010 for Key Stage 1 reading, writing and mathematics. The differences in performance included in the tables show the size of the gap, in percentage points.
Table 4.3.17a Gaps in performance by gender, free school meals and special educational needs from 2008 to 2010 for Key Stage 1 reading Key Stage 1 Reading 2008 2009 2010 Gender Male 73.8% 76.8% 81.3% Female 83.1% 88.0% 87.5% Difference 9.3% 11.2% 6.2% Free school meals Not Eligible 81.6% 85.5% 87.1% Eligible 70.7% 74.8% 77.8% Difference 10.9% 10.7% 9.3% SEN status No Special Needs 91.1% 93.7% 93.9% Special Needs 47.9% 53.0% 58.4% Difference 43.2% 40.7% 35.5% Source: Greenwich Children's Services
Table 4.3.17b Gaps in performance by gender, free school meals and special educational needs from 2008 to 2010 for Key Stage 1 writing Key Stage 1 Writing 2008 2009 2010 Gender Male 69.9% 71.5% 75.8% Female 80.9% 84.9% 85.8% Difference 11.0% 13.4% 10.0% Free school meals Not Eligible 78.5% 82.0% 83.4% Eligible 67.6% 69.0% 74.2% Difference 10.9% 13.0% 9.2% SEN status No Special Needs 89.0% 90.7% 91.3% Special Needs 42.5% 45.6% 52.0% Difference 46.5% 45.1% 39.3% Source: Greenwich Children's Services
98 Table 4.3.17c Gaps in performance by gender, free school meals and special educational needs from 2008 to 2010 for Key Stage 1 mathematics Key Stage 1 Maths 2008 2009 2010 Gender Male 84.9% 83.6% 89.5% Female 88.3% 90.0% 89.6% Difference 3.4% 6.4% 0.1% Free school meals Not Eligible 88.6% 89.3% 91.5% Eligible 81.8% 80.9% 85.0% Difference 6.8% 8.4% 6.5% SEN status No Special Needs 96.1% 95.6% 95.7% Special Needs 64.1% 64.1% 72.8% Difference 32.0% 31.5% 22.9% Source: Greenwich Children's Services
Focus on disabled children
The attainment gap for pupils with and without special educational needs decreased for reading, writing and mathematics at Key Stage 1 between 2009 and 2010. The gap decreased by 5.2% points for reading (35.5% gap in 2010 compared to a 40.7% gap in 2009), 5.8% points for writing (39.3% gap in 2010 compared to a 45.1% gap in 2009) and 8.6% points for mathematics (22.9% gap in 2010 compared to a 31.5% gap in 2009).
99 Key Stage 2
In 2010, some primary schools across England did not administer the Key Stage 2 tests. In Greenwich, 30 out of 63 primary schools administered the Key Stage 2 tests in English and mathematics. All 63 primary schools completed Key Stage 2 teacher assessments for their pupils. The 2010 science results are based on teacher assessments because testing at Key Stage 2 in science was discontinued in May 2009. In the tables and graphs showing trends in Key Stage 2 performance from 2006 to 2010, the 2010 results are based on test results so that they are comparable with test results from previous years. In the tables with contextual data, for example, ethnicity, the 2010 results are based on teacher assessments in order to base the analysis on the complete cohort of pupils. All tables are clearly labelled to indicate whether they are based on 2010 test results or teacher assessments.
Tables and charts 4.3.18 to 4.3.21 show the proportion of pupils achieving Level 4+ in English, mathematics, English and mathematics combined and science in Greenwich compared with Statistical Neighbours and England.
Table 4.3.18 Pupils achieving Level 4+ in English at Key Stage 2 between 2006 and 2010 Key Stage 2 Change 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010* % Level 4+ 2009 - 2010 Greenwich 74.0% 73.0% 77.0% 78.0% 81.0% +3.0% LA Target 80.0% 80.0% 81.0% 81.0% 82.0% +1.0% English England 79.0% 80.0% 81.0% 80.0% 81.0% +1.0% Statistical Neighbours 76.0% 77.0% 77.0% 77.0% 78.0% +1.0% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables *Test Results Table 4.3.19 Pupils achieving Level 4+ in maths at Key Stage 2 between 2006 and 2010 Key Stage 2 Change 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010* % Level 4+ 2009 - 2010 Greenwich 71.0% 72.0% 76.0% 79.0% 82.0% +3.0% LA Target 79.0% 79.0% 80.0% 80.0% 81.0% 1.0% Maths England 76.0% 77.0% 79.0% 79.0% 80.0% 1.0% Statistical Neighbours 72.0% 74.0% 76.0% 77.0% 79.0% +2.0% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables *Test Results Table 4.3.20 Pupils achieving Level 4+ in both English and maths at Key Stage 2 between 2006 and 2010 Key Stage 2 Change 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010* % Level 4+ 2009 - 2010 English Greenwich 64.0% 64.0% 69.0% 71.0% 75.0% +4.0% and England 70.0% 71.0% 73.0% 72.0% 74.0% +2.0% maths Statistical Neighbours 65.0% 67.0% 69.0% 69.0% 71.0% +2.0% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables *Test Results
100 Table 4.3.21 Pupils achieving Level 4+ in science at Key Stage 2 between 2006 and 2010 6 Key Stage 2 Change 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010* % Level 4+ 2009 - 2010 Greenwich 82.0% 84.0% 84.0% 87.0% 88.0% +1.0% LA Target 84.0% 85.0% 85.0% 86.0% 89.0% +3.0% Science England 87.0% 88.0% 88.0% 88.0% 85.0% -3.0% Statistical Neighbours 84.0% 85.0% 86.0% 85.0% 81.0% -4.0% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables *TA Results Tables and charts 4.3.22 to 4.3.24 show the proportion of pupils achieving Level 5 in English, mathematics and science in Greenwich compared with Statistical Neighbours and England.
Table 4.3.22 Pupils achieving Level 5 in English at Key Stage 2 between 2006 and 2010 Key Stage 2 Change 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010* % Level 5 2009 - 2010 Greenwich 27.0% 26.0% 25.0% 25.0% 31.0% +6.0% LA Target 30.0% 30.0% 30.0% 30.0% 31.0% 1.0% English England 32.0% 33.0% 30.0% 29.0% 33.0% +4.0% Statistical Neighbours 27.0% 28.0% 25.0% 25.0% 29.0% +4.0% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables *Test Results Table 4.3.23 Pupils achieving Level 5 in maths at Key Stage 2 between 2006 and 2010 Key Stage 2 Change 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010* % Level 5 2009 - 2010 Greenwich 27.0% 24.0% 27.0% 34.0% 34.0% +0.0% LA Target 31.0% 31.0% 31.0% 31.0% 32.0% 1.0% Maths England 33.0% 32.0% 31.0% 35.0% 34.0% -1.0% Statistical Neighbours 27.0% 28.0% 27.0% 31.0% 31.0% +0.0% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables *Test Results Table 4.3.24 Pupils achieving Level 5 in science at Key Stage 2 between 2006 and 2010 7 Key Stage 2 Change 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010* % Level 5 2009 - 2010 Greenwich 37.0% 38.0% 38.0% 42.0% 37.0% -5.0% LA Target 32.0% 35.0% 39.0% 40.0% 44.0% 4.0% Science England 46.0% 46.0% 44.0% 43.0% 37.0% -6.0% Statistical Neighbours 39.0% 43.0% 41.0% 39.0% 35.0% -4.0% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables *TA Results
6 Table 4.3.21 compares Teacher Assessment results in 2010 to test results between 2006 and 2009.
7 Table 4.3.24 compares Teacher Assessment results in 2010 to test results between 2006 and 2009.
101 Table 4.3.25 Pupils in each ethnic group achieving Level 4+ in English, maths and science at Key Stage 2 in 2010 Level 4 Level 4 Level 4 No. of Ethnic Group or above or above or above pupils English Maths Science Bangladeshi 23 91.3% 87.0% 91.3% Indian 57 84.2% 91.2% 91.2% Asian Pakistani 37 81.1% 89.2% 83.8% Other Asian background 87 90.8% 95.4% 93.1% Black Caribbean 89 78.7% 71.9% 83.1% Black Ghanaian 54 88.9% 92.6% 94.4% Black Nigerian 296 90.9% 90.9% 91.6% Black Black Somali 84 81.0% 86.9% 82.1% Other Black African 159 80.5% 81.1% 86.2% Other Black background 50 88.0% 82.0% 90.0% White and Asian 21 90.5% 85.7% 90.5% White and Black African 39 94.9% 92.3% 92.3% Mixed White and Black Caribbean 65 90.8% 84.6% 90.8% Other Mixed background 107 87.9% 86.9% 89.7% White British 1,134 79.5% 80.4% 86.5% White European 111 80.2% 84.7% 84.7% White Irish 17 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% White Other White background 16 75.0% 68.8% 75.0% Gypsy Roma 5 20.0% 20.0% 40.0% Traveller Irish Heritage - 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Turkish or Turkish Cypriot 27 81.5% 92.6% 81.5% Chinese 31 83.9% 96.8% 96.8% Other Vietnamese 31 96.8% 96.8% 93.5% Other ethnic group 24 79.2% 79.2% 83.3% UnknownUnknown 8 62.5% 87.5% 62.5% All Pupils 2,573 83.1% 84.1% 87.7% Source: Greenwich Children's Services *TA Results .
102 Key Stage 2 attainment linked to attendance rates
There is a clear link between attendance and performance at Key Stage 2. The following table and charts show the percentage of pupils achieving Level 4+ at Key Stage 2 in English, mathematics and science by different rates of attendance.
Table 4.3.26 Percentage of pupils reaching Level 4+ in English at Key Stage 2 in Greenwich schools in 2010, by attendance rate 8 Level 4+ in Attendance Rates No. of pupils English* 0% - 85% 73 68.9% 85% - 95% 642 80.7% 95% - 100% 1418 86.5% Source: Greenwich Children's Services *TA Results
Table 4.3.27 Percentage of pupils reaching Level 4+ in maths at Key Stage 2 in Greenwich schools in 2010, by attendance rate Level 4+ in Attendance Rates No. of pupils Maths* 0% - 85% 71 67.0% 85% - 95% 647 81.3% 95% - 100% 1441 87.9% Source: Greenwich Children's Services *TA Results
Table 4.3.28 Percentage of pupils reaching Level 4+ in science at Key Stage 2 in Greenwich schools in 2010, by attendance rate Level 4+ in Attendance Rates No. of pupils Science* 0% - 85% 81 76.4% 85% - 95% 672 84.3% 95% - 100% 1497 91.2% Source: Greenwich Children's Services * TA Results
8 Based on pupil level attendance rates in Autumn 2009 and Spring 2010. 103 Prior Key Stage 2 attainment of pupils entering Greenwich secondary schools
In the final year of primary school (Year 6) pupils sit Key Stage 2 tests. The table below shows the distribution of Key Stage 2 results of the pupils who started secondary schools in Greenwich in Year 7. These results are often regarded as a pupil’s “starting point” for secondary school.
Table 4.3.29 Percentage of pupils achieving each Level at Key Stage 2 prior to entering secondary school in Greenwich in Year 7 between 2006/07 and 2009/10 No KS2 Below Level 4 Year 7 Intake Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 data Level 3 or above 2006/07 4% 7% 18% 46% 26% 72% 2007/08 5% 6% 17% 47% 26% 73% 2008/09 4% 5% 15% 51% 26% 77% 2009/10 3% 3% 12% 52% 30% 82% Greenwich Children's Services
Key Stage 2 Narrowing the Gap Analysis
Tables 4.3.30a to 4.3.30c show gaps in performance by gender, free school meals and special educational needs from 2008 to 2010 for Key Stage 2 English, mathematics and science. The differences in performance included in the tables show the size of the gap, in percentage points.
Table 4.3.30a Gaps in performance by gender, free school meals and special educational needs from 2008 to 2010 for Key Stage 2 English Key Stage 2 English 2008 2009 2010* Gender Male 72.1% 74.3% 79.8% Female 83.0% 82.8% 86.4% Difference 10.9% 8.5% 6.6% Free school meals Not Eligible 83.6% 83.1% 87.2% Eligible 66.0% 68.5% 74.8% Difference 17.6% 14.6% 12.4% SEN status No Special Needs 91.8% 92.5% 95.2% Special Needs 48.5% 48.5% 58.7% Difference 43.3% 44.0% 36.5% Source: Greenwich Children's Services *TA Results
104 Table 4.3.30b Gaps in performance by gender, free school meals and special educational needs from 2008 to 2010 for Key Stage 2 mathematics Key Stage 2 Maths 2008 2009 2010* Gender Male 76.8% 78.9% 84.0% Female 75.5% 78.8% 84.2% Difference 1.3% 0.1% 0.2% Free school meals Not Eligible 81.9% 82.9% 87.7% Eligible 65.0% 69.6% 76.7% Difference 16.9% 13.3% 11.0% SEN status No Special Needs 89.7% 90.5% 95.2% Special Needs 48.4% 53.5% 61.5% Difference 41.3% 37.0% 33.7% Source: Greenwich Children's Services *TA Results
Table 4.3.30c Gaps in performance by gender, free school meals and special educational needs from 2007 to 2009 for Key Stage 2 science Key Stage 2 Science 2008 2009 2010* Gender Male 83.1% 86.1% 87.0% Female 86.0% 88.0% 88.6% Difference 2.9% 1.9% 1.6% Free school meals Not Eligible 88.8% 90.0% 90.9% Eligible 76.3% 80.4% 81.5% Difference 12.5% 9.6% 9.4% SEN status No Special Needs 94.0% 94.6% 95.9% Special Needs 65.2% 70.6% 71.4% Difference 28.8% 24.0% 24.5% Source: Greenwich Children's Services *TA Results
Focus on disabled children
The attainment gap for pupils with and without special educational needs decreased for English and mathematics at Key Stage 2 between 2009 and 2010. The gap decreased by 7.5% points for English (36.5% gap in 2010 compared to a 44.0% gap in 2009) and 3.3% points for mathematics (33.7% gap in 2010 compared to a 37.0% gap in 2009).
105 Key Stage 3
Tables and charts 4.3.31 to 4.3.34 show the proportion of pupils achieving Level 5+ in English, mathematics, English and mathematics combined and science in Greenwich compared with Statistical Neighbours and England.
Health Warning: In October 2008, the government discontinued statutory testing at Key Stage 3. The 2009 and 2010 Key Stage 3 performance is based on teacher assessments in English, mathematics and science. However, we are comparing the 2009 and 2010 teacher assessment results with test results from previous years 2006 to 2008.
Table 4.3.31 Pupils achieving Level 5+ in English at Key Stage 3 between 2006 and 2010 Key Stage 3 Change 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 % Level 5+ 2009 - 2010 Greenwich 68.0% 67.0% 68.0% 70.0% 73.0% +3.0% LA Target 71.0% 72.0% 73.0% 75.0% 76.0% +1.0% English England 73.0% 74.0% 74.0% 77.0% 79.0% +2.0% Statistical Neighbours 66.4% 68.5% 66.8% 70.0% 72.5% +2.5% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables
Table 4.3.32 Pupils achieving Level 5+ in maths at Key Stage 3 between 2006 and 2010 Key Stage 3 Change 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 % Level 5+ 2009 - 2010 Greenwich 68.0% 66.0% 69.0% 70.0% 72.0% +2.0% LA Target 71.0% 71.0% 72.0% 74.0% 77.0% +3.0% Maths England 77.0% 76.0% 77.0% 79.0% 80.0% +1.0% Statistical Neighbours 70.0% 69.8% 69.5% 72.0% 73.5% +1.5% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables
Table 4.3.33 Pupils achieving Level 5+ in both English and maths at Key Stage 3 between 2006 and 2010
Key Stage 3 Change 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 % Level 5+ 2009 - 2010 English Greenwich 59.0% 58.0% 59.0% 63.9% 65.0% +1.1% and England 67.0% 68.0% 67.0% ------maths Statistical Neighbours 58.5% 59.6% 59.0% ------Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables
106 Table 4.3.34 Pupils achieving Level 5+ in science at Key Stage 3 between 2006 and 2010 Key Stage 3 Change 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 % Level 5+ 2009 - 2010 Greenwich 61.0% 62.0% 63.0% 65.0% 72.0% +7.0% LA Target 68.0% 68.0% 69.0% 71.0% 72.0% +1.0% Science England 72.0% 73.0% 71.0% 78.0% 80.0% +2.0% Statistical Neighbours 62.5% 64.9% 61.6% 68.0% 72.1% +4.1% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables Tables and charts 4.3.35 to 4.3.37 show the proportion of pupils achieving Level 6+ in English, mathematics and science in Greenwich compared with Statistical Neighbours and England.
Table 4.3.35 Pupils achieving Level 6+ in English at Key Stage 3 between 2006 and 2010 Key Stage 3 Change 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 % Level 6+ 2009 - 2010 Greenwich 27.0% 22.0% 23.0% 32.0% 36.0% +4.0% LA Target 34.0% 35.0% 35.0% 35.0% 36.0% +1.0% English England 35.0% 32.0% 35.0% 41.0% 43.0% +2.0% Statistical Neighbours 24.0% 27.0% 29.0% 33.0% 35.4% +2.4% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables
Table 4.3.36 Pupils achieving Level 6+ in maths at Key Stage 3 between 2006 and 2010 Key Stage 3 Change 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 % Level 6+ 2009 - 2010 Greenwich 46.0% 43.0% 48.0% 46.0% 47.0% +1.0% LA Target 40.0% 42.0% 49.0% 50.0% 56.0% +6.0% Maths England 57.0% 56.0% 57.0% 58.0% 58.0% +0.0% Statistical Neighbours 46.0% 47.0% 49.0% 48.0% 49.2% +1.2% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables
Table 4.3.37 Pupils achieving Level 6+ in science at Key Stage 3 between 2006 and 2010 Key Stage 3 Change 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 % Level 6+ 2009 - 2010 Greenwich 26.0% 27.0% 33.0% 32.0% 37.0% +5.0% LA Target 34.0% 35.0% 35.0% 36.0% 40.0% +4.0% Science England 41.0% 41.0% 41.0% 46.0% 48.0% +2.0% Statistical Neighbours 28.0% 32.0% 32.0% 35.0% 38.3% +3.3% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables
107 Table 4.3.38 Pupils in each ethnic group achieving Level 5+ in English, maths and science at Key Stage 3 in 2010 No. of Level 5+ Level 5+ Level 5+ Ethnic Group pupils English Maths Science Bangladeshi 20 85.0% 85.0% 80.0% Indian 54 81.5% 81.5% 85.2% Asian Pakistani 29 79.3% 65.5% 69.0% Other Asian background 78 64.1% 69.2% 67.9% Black Caribbean 103 74.8% 68.0% 70.9% Black Ghanaian 35 85.7% 82.9% 88.6% Black Nigerian 205 85.4% 82.9% 81.0% Black Black Somali 69 73.9% 68.1% 63.8% Other Black African 122 77.0% 68.9% 73.8% Other Black background 56 71.4% 71.4% 69.6% White and Asian 26 58.3% 73.1% 76.9% White and Black African 28 82.1% 82.1% 71.4% Mixed White and Black Caribbean 62 72.6% 69.4% 74.2% Other Mixed background 59 74.6% 66.1% 69.5% White British 1,006 72.0% 71.0% 71.8% White European 88 70.5% 77.3% 69.3% White Irish 12 83.3% 91.7% 83.3% White Other White background 22 68.2% 72.7% 72.7% Gypsy Roma - 25.0% 50.0% 50.0% Traveller Irish Heritage - 100.0% 50.0% 50.0% Turkish or Turkish Cypriot 41 65.9% 70.7% 61.0% Chinese 27 77.8% 92.6% 81.5% Other Vietnamese 38 89.5% 92.1% 86.8% Other ethnic group 34 70.6% 70.6% 64.7% UnknownUnknown 17 94.1% 76.5% 88.2% All Pupils 2,237 73.0% 72.0% 72.0% Source: Greenwich Children's Services
108 Key Stage 4/GCSE
Tables and charts 4.3.39 and 4.3.40 show the proportion of pupils achieving 5+ A* - C (Incl. English & maths) and 5+ A* - C in Greenwich compared with Statistical Neighbours and England.
Table 4.3.39 Pupils achieving 5+ A* - C grades (Incl. English & maths) at Key Stage 4 between 2006 and 2010 Change 5+ A* - C (Incl. E & M) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2009 to 2010 Greenwich 31.4% 34.0% 40.4% 43.4% 50.1% +6.7% LA Target 37.0% 37.0% 38.0% 45.0% 51.0% +6.0% London 45.8% 47.9% 50.6% 53.3% 58.0% +4.7% England 45.6% 46.3% 47.6% 49.8% 53.4% +3.6% Statistical Neighbours 37.7% 40.3% 41.6% 46.2% 51.5% +5.3% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables
Table 4.3.40 Pupils achieving 5+ A* - C grades at Key Stage 4 between 2006 and 2010 Change 5+ A* - C 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2009 to 2010 Greenwich 43.0% 47.2% 57.8% 62.9% 72.0% +9.1% LA Target 49.0% 50.0% 51.0% 57.0% 67.0% +10.0% London 58.3% 60.9% 65.0% 70.3% 77.8% +7.5% England 59.0% 61.4% 65.3% 70.0% 75.4% +5.4% Statistical Neighbours 53.8% 57.3% 58.8% 67.0% 74.5% +7.5% Source: DfE SFR Local Authority tables
109 Table 4.3.41 Pupils in each ethnic group achieving 5+ A* - C grades (Incl. English & maths) and 5+ A* - C grades at Key Stage 4 in 2010 % 5+ A*-C Ethnic Group No. of pupils % 5+ A*-C (Incl. E & M) Bangladeshi 22 59.1% 90.9% Indian 52 75.0% 90.4% Asian Pakistani 24 75.0% 100.0% Other Asian Background 84 63.1% 89.3% Black Caribbean 126 48.4% 73.8% Black Ghanaian 38 57.9% 84.2% Black Nigerian 210 67.6% 84.3% Black Black Somali 69 44.9% 68.1% Other Black African 81 51.9% 74.1% Other Black background 62 54.8% 69.4% White and Asian 14 57.1% 85.7% White and Black African 32 59.4% 81.3% Mixed White and Black Caribbean 65 47.7% 72.3% Other Mixed background 61 47.5% 65.6% White British 1,048 42.6% 65.2% White European 84 67.9% 77.4% White Irish 24 54.2% 70.8% White Gypsy Roma 7 0.0% 14.3% Traveller of Irish Heritage 2 0.0% 0.0% Turkish or Turkish Cypriot 36 27.8% 75.0% Other White background 19 42.1% 57.9% Chinese 28 67.9% 82.1% Other Vietnamese 48 58.3% 77.1% Other Ethnic group 31 51.6% 74.2% Unknown Unknown 15 26.7% 91.2% All Pupils 2,282 50.1% 72.0% Source: Greenwich Children's Services
110 GCSE Narrowing the Gap Analysis
Tables 4.3.42a to 4.3.42c show gaps in performance by gender, free school meals and special educational needs from 2008 to 2010 for GCSE 5+ A* - C (Incl. English & maths), 5+ A* - C and 1+ A* - G. The differences in performance included in the tables show the size of the gap, in percentage points.
Table 4.3.42a Gaps in performance by gender, free school meals and special educational needs from 2008 to 2010 for 5+ A* - C (Incl. English & maths) 5+ A* - C (Incl. E & M) 2008 2009 2010 Gender Male 35.5% 38.1% 45.9% Female 45.5% 48.0% 54.3% Difference 10.0% 9.9% 8.4% Free school meals Not Eligible 45.1% 48.1% 55.0% Eligible 27.9% 34.6% 33.0% Difference 17.2% 13.5% 22.0% SEN status No Special Needs 54.0% 58.9% 62.8% Special Needs 15.1% 15.2% 21.8% Difference 38.9% 43.7% 41.0% Source: Greenwich Children's Services
Table 4.3.42b Gaps in performance by gender, free school meals and special educational needs from 2008 to 2010 for 5+ A* - C 5+ A* - C 2008 2009 2010 Gender Male 52.4% 59.0% 68.0% Female 63.1% 66.3% 75.8% Difference 10.7% 7.3% 7.8% Free school meals Not Eligible 62.5% 66.9% 76.0% Eligible 44.6% 56.1% 57.8% Difference 17.9% 10.8% 18.2% SEN status No Special Needs 72.6% 78.8% 84.5% Special Needs 29.7% 33.7% 43.9% Difference 42.9% 45.1% 40.6% Source: Greenwich Children's Services
111 Table 4.3.42c Gaps in performance by gender, free school meals and special educational needs from 2008 to 2010 any GCSE qualifications Any Qualifications 2008 2009 2010 Gender Male 98.4% 98.8% 98.7% Female 99.3% 99.0% 99.2% Difference 0.9% 0.2% 0.5% Free school meals Not Eligible 99.0% 99.1% 99.0% Eligible 98.5% 98.6% 98.8% Difference 0.5% 0.5% 0.2% SEN status No Special Needs 99.7% 100.0% 99.8% Special Needs 97.2% 96.7% 97.0% Difference 2.5% 3.3% 2.8% Source: Greenwich Children's Services
Focus on disabled children
The attainment gap for pupils with and without special educational needs decreased for 5+ A* - C (Incl. English & maths), 5+ A* - C and 1+ A* - G at GCSE between 2009 and 2010. The gap decreased by 2.7% points for 5+ A* - C (Incl. English & maths) – 41.0% gap in 2010 compared to a 43.7% gap in 2009, 4.5% points for 5+ A* - C (40.6% gap in 2010 compared to a 45.1% gap in 2009) and 0.5% points for 1+ A* - G (2.8% gap in 2010 compared to a 3.3% gap in 2009).
112 Key Stage 5/Post 16
Tables 4.3.43 and 4.3.44 show the average point scores in Greenwich compared to England. A pupil who has 540 points has achieved the equivalent of three D grades or two A grades at A Level. A pupil who has achieved 300 points has the equivalent of two E grades at A Level.
Table 4.3.43 Average point score per student in Greenwich and England between 2006 and 2010
Post 16 APS 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Greenwich 551 559 572 570 581 England 722 731 740 739 745 Source: DfE Post 16 Achievement and attainment tables
Table 4.3.44 Average point score per examination entry in Greenwich and England between 2006 and 2010
Post 16 APS2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Greenwich 192 198 200 201 203 England 206 208 209 212 214 Source: DfE Post 16 Achievement and attainment tables
Tables 4.3.45 and 4.3.46 show the percentage of pupils achieving A* - C and A* - E at Key Stage 5 in Greenwich compared to England.
Table 4.3.45 Percentage of pupils achieving A* - C grades in Greenwich and England between 2006 and 2010
A* - C 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Greenwich 64.5% 65.1% 62.7% 62.5% 65.8% England 71.3% 72.8% 73.4% 74.6% 75.1% Source: EPAS and provisional data provided by schools (A Levels and BTECs only)
Table 4.3.46 Percentage of pupils achieving A* - E grades in Greenwich and England between 2006 and 2010
A* - E 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Greenwich 96.0% 99.2% 99.6% 99.2% 99.2% England 96.6% 96.9% 97.2% 97.5% 97.6% Source: EPAS
113 4.4 Attainment of Looked After Children
Tables 4.4.1 to 4.4.3 show the attainment of Greenwich’s looked after children from Key Stages 1, 2 and 4 from 2007 to 2010. All of the performance data in this section refers to children and young people who had been looked after continuously for at least 12 months at 30 September in the year of the tests and assessments.
Around 50% of Greenwich’s looked after children are educated in Greenwich schools; the rest attend schools in other local authorities. The data in tables 4.4.1 to 4.4.3 below represent results achieved by all Greenwich’s looked after children, whether educated within Greenwich or in schools in other boroughs. The results do not include those children and young people in Greenwich schools looked after by other local authorities. It is important to note that as the numbers of children and young people in each cohort are relatively small, a change in one child’s performance can have a big impact on the results when they are expressed as a percentage.
Table 4.4.1 Attainment of looked after children at Key Stage 1 between 2007 and 2010 2007 2008 2009 2010 2010 KS1 Greenwich Greenwich Greenwich Greenwich National Number of LAC 16 14 15 16 1,400 Reading Level 2+ 25.0% 64.3% 73.3% 68.8% 58.0% Writing Level 2+ 25.0% 71.4% 73.3% 68.8% 51.0% Maths Level 2+ 43.8% 85.7% 73.3% 75.0% 62.0% Source: Greenwich LAC data and DfE Statistical Release
Table 4.4.2 Attainment of looked after children at Key Stage 2 between 2006 and 2009 2007 2008 2009 2010 2010 KS2 Greenwich Greenwich Greenwich Greenwich National Number of LAC 17 18 19 19 2,400 English Level 4+ 58.9% 38.9% 36.8% 68.4% 45.0% Maths Level 4+ 52.9% 44.4% 36.8% 73.7% 44.0% Science Level 4+ 64.7% 50.0% 57.9% 68.4% 53.0% English and Maths Level 4+ 41.2% 33.3% 15.8% 63.2% 36.0% Source: Greenwich LAC data and DfE Statistical Release
Table 4.4.3 Attainment of looked after children at Key Stage 4 between 2007 and 2010 2007 2008 2009 2010 2010 KS4 Greenwich Greenwich Greenwich Greenwich National Number of LAC 54 48 46 59 5,100 5+ A*-C (Incl. E & M) N/A 12.5% 13.0% 17.0% 11.6% 5+ A* - C 9.3% 20.8% 21.7% 22.0% 26.1% 5+ A* - G 27.8% 50.0% 39.1% 44.1% 50.6% 1+ A* - G 46.3% 72.9% 63.0% 67.8% 72.5% Did not take any exam 50.0% 22.9% 21.7% 16.9% 22.0% Source: Greenwich LAC data and DfE Statistical Release
114 4.5 Attendance
Table 4.5.1 shows the attendance and absence rates at primary schools in Greenwich compared with Statistical Neighbours and England.
Table 4.5.1 Attendance and absence rates at primary schools between 2006/07 and 2009/10 Autumn and Primary schools 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 Spring 2009/10 Greenwich 4.4% 4.2% 3.7% 3.5% Authorised Statistical neighbours 5.0% 5.1% 5.0% 4.7% Absence England 4.7% 4.7% 4.7% 4.7% Greenwich 1.4% 1.5% 1.6% 1.6% Unauthorised Statistical neighbours 0.9% 1.0% 1.2% 1.1% Absence England 0.5% 0.6% 0.6% 0.7% Greenwich 94.2% 94.3% 94.7% 94.9% Attendance Statistical neighbours 94.1% 93.9% 93.8% 94.2% England 94.8% 94.7% 94.7% 94.6% Source: School Census and DfE Statistical Releases
115 Table 4.5.2 shows primary school attendance rates by contextual factors including ethnicity, year group and SEN stage. It is based on attendance records collected for each individual pupil.
Table 4.5.2 Attendance and Absence rates at primary schools in Autumn 2009 and Spring 2010, by contextual factors % Attendance % Absence Primary Autumn Spring Autumn Spring 2009/10 2009/10 2009/10 2009/10 Male 94.9% 95.1% 5.1% 4.9% Gender Female 94.8% 95.0% 5.2% 5.0% Free Meal Not Eligible 95.5% 95.8% 4.5% 4.2% Eligibility Eligible 93.3% 93.4% 6.7% 6.6% No Special Needs 95.2% 95.4% 4.8% 4.6% School Action 94.1% 94.3% 5.9% 5.7% Stage of SEN School Action Plus 93.6% 93.8% 6.4% 6.2% Statement 94.9% 94.9% 5.1% 5.1% White 94.1% 94.1% 5.9% 5.9% Asian 94.2% 95.3% 5.8% 4.7% Black 96.2% 96.7% 3.8% 3.3% Chinese 96.5% 96.0% 3.5% 4.0% Ethnicity Mixed background 94.6% 94.5% 5.4% 5.5% Other ethnic group 95.4% 94.8% 4.6% 5.2% Unknown 93.0% 95.2% 7.0% 4.8% Refused 95.8% 94.4% 4.2% 5.6% Year 1 93.9% 94.4% 6.1% 5.6% Year 2 94.7% 94.8% 5.3% 5.2% Year 3 95.0% 95.2% 5.0% 4.8% Year Group Year 4 95.3% 95.3% 4.7% 4.7% Year 5 95.1% 95.2% 4.9% 4.8% Year 6 95.2% 95.3% 4.8% 4.7% All Pupils 94.8% 95.0% 5.2% 5.0% Source: January and May School Census school roll and pupil level absence analysis 2009/10
Focus on disabled children
In line with national findings, attendance rates for pupils with special educational needs (SEN) are below those for pupils with no identified SEN. Attendance rates for pupils with SEN at school action plus and school action are lower than those for pupils with a statement.
116 Table 4.5.3 shows the attendance and absence rates at secondary schools in Greenwich compared with Statistical Neighbours and England.
Table 4.5.3 Attendance and absence rates at secondary schools between 2006/07 and 2009/10 Autumn and Secondary schools 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 Spring 2009/10 Greenwich 6.2% 4.8% 4.6% 4.2% Authorised Statistical neighbours 6.4% 6.0% 5.7% 5.3% Absence England 6.4% 5.9% 5.7% 5.4% Greenwich 3.1% 2.8% 2.7% 2.5% Unauthorised Statistical neighbours 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% Absence England 1.5% 1.5% 1.5% 1.4% Greenwich 90.7% 92.5% 92.7% 93.2% Attendance Statistical neighbours 91.5% 91.9% 92.1% 92.6% England 92.3% 92.7% 92.8% 93.1% Source: School Census and DfE Statistical Releases
117 Table 4.5.4 shows secondary school attendance and absence rates by contextual factors including ethnicity, year group and SEN stage. It is based on attendance records collected for each individual pupil.
Table 4.5.4 Attendance and absence rates at secondary schools in Autumn 2009 and Spring 2010, by contextual factors % Attendance % Absence Secondary Autumn Spring Autumn Spring 2009/10 2009/10 2009/10 2009/10 Male 93.4% 93.3% 6.6% 6.7% Gender Female 93.1% 93.1% 6.9% 6.9% Free Meal Not Eligible 94.0% 94.0% 6.0% 6.0% Eligibility Eligible 91.5% 91.1% 8.5% 8.9% No Special Needs 94.2% 94.3% 5.8% 5.7% School Action 92.1% 91.4% 7.9% 8.6% Stage of SEN School Action Plus 89.6% 89.4% 10.4% 10.6% Statement 93.0% 92.9% 7.0% 7.1% White 91.5% 91.4% 8.5% 8.6% Asian 94.9% 95.4% 5.1% 4.6% Black 96.0% 95.8% 4.0% 4.2% Chinese 97.1% 96.3% 2.9% 3.7% Ethnicity Mixed background 93.1% 92.6% 6.9% 7.4% Other ethnic group 95.2% 95.6% 4.8% 4.4% Unknown 89.8% 92.1% 10.2% 7.9% Refused 93.8% 94.7% 6.2% 5.3% Year 7 95.2% 94.6% 4.8% 5.4% Year 8 93.8% 93.7% 6.2% 6.3% Year Group Year 9 92.8% 93.0% 7.2% 7.0% Year 10 92.4% 92.3% 7.6% 7.7% Year 11 92.3% 92.5% 7.7% 7.5% All Pupils 93.3% 93.2% 6.7% 6.8% Source: January and May School Census school roll and pupil level absence analysis 2009/10
Focus on disabled children
In line with national findings, attendance rates for pupils with special educational needs (SEN) are below those for pupils with no identified SEN. Attendance rates for pupils with SEN at school action plus and school action are lower than those for pupils with a statement.
118 A “persistent absentee” is a pupil who misses 20% or more of their school sessions for any reason or combination of reasons, whether the school authorised the absence or not. However, when we calculate persistent absence figures, ‘persistent absentees’ are identified according to an absent sessions threshold. Annual figures for 2007/08 used 64+ sessions absent as the threshold for persistent absence. For the combined autumn and spring terms 2008/09 and 2009/10, a threshold of 52+ sessions absent was used.
Table 4.5.5 Persistent absence rates in schools between 2007/08 and 2009/10
Schools 2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010 Primary 2.1% 1.3% 1.4% Secondary 6.6% 5.7% 4.8% Combined 4.0% 3.1% 2.8% Source: School Census
4.6 Exclusions
Tables 4.6.1 to 4.6.5 show data on permanent exclusions from school.
Table 4.6.1 Number of permanent exclusions from school between 2005/06 and 2009/10 Permanent exclusions 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10* Primary 21 10 - - 0 Secondary 74 84 16 21 12 Special - 0 0 0 0 Total 96 94 18 22 12 Source: Greenwich schools and School Census * Provisional
Table 4.6.2 Rate of permanent exclusions from school per 10,000 pupils between 2005/06 and 2009/10 Permanent exclusions 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10* rate per 10,000 pupils Greenwich 26.1 25.3 4.9 6.0 3.2 England 12.3 11.5 10.9 9.0 -- Source: DfE Statistical Releases and Greenwich schools' data * Provisional
119 Table 4.6.3 Number of permanent exclusions from school between 2005/06 and 2009/10, by reason Permanent exclusions by reason 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10* Bullying - - 0 0 0 Drug and alcohol related 8 - - 0 0 Persistent disruptive behaviour 25 25 35 7 - Damage 6 - 5 0 0 Other exclusion reason - 19 9 0 - Against adult 20 7 12 - 0 Physical assault Against pupil 29 22 11 9 - Racist Abuse 0 0 0 0 - Sexual misconduct 0 - 6 5 0 Theft 0 - - 0 0 Verbal abuse or Against adult 6 - 7 - 0 threatening behaviour Against pupil 11 5 - 0 - Total 96 94 18 22 12 Source: Greenwich schools * Provisional
Table 4.6.4 Permanent exclusions from Greenwich schools between 2005/06 and 2009/10, by gender Gender Years Boys Girls No % No % 2005/06 71 74% 25 26% 2006/07 63 67% 31 33% 2007/08 12 67% 6 33% 2008/09 16 73% 6 27% 2009/10* 11 92% - 8% Source: Greenwich schools and School Census *Provisional
120 Table 4.6.5 Number of permanent exclusions from school between 2005/06 and 2009/10, by year group Year Group 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09* 2009/10* Reception 0 - 0 0 0 Year 1 0 - - 0 0 Year 2 - 0 0 0 0 Year 3 - - 0 0 0 Year 4 5 - - - 0 Year 5 - 9 - 0 0 Year 6 6 6 - - 0 Year 7 6 5 5 - - Year 8 27 14 11 6 0 Year 9 26 22 29 6 5 Year 10 27 22 26 - 5 Year 11 - 8 13 - 0 Year 12 - - 0 0 0 Year 13 0 - 0 - 0 Total 96 94 18 22 12 Source: Greenwich schools and School Census *Provisional
Focus on disabled children
Pupils permanently excluded from school by special educational needs exclusions by SEN 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10* No Special Needs 27 5 10 - School Action 34 6 - - School Action Plus 27 - 9 6 Statement - - 0 0 Total 94 18 22 12 Source: Greenwich schools and School Census * Provisional
In 2008/09 and 2009/10 no pupils with statements were permanently excluded from Greenwich schools. In 2009/10, 10 out of 12 permanently excluded pupils were at School Action or School Action Plus.
121 Tables 4.6.6 to 4.6.10 show data on fixed term exclusions from school.
Table 4.6.6 Fixed term exclusions from school between 2005/06 and 2008/09 Fixed term exclusions 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
Number of fixed term exclusions 2,982 3,000 2,967 2,739
Number of fixed term exclusions as a percentage of 8.03% 8.18% 8.14% 7.52% the school population Number of pupils with 1 or more fixed term 1,625 1,620 1,487 1,442 exclusion Number of pupils with 1 or more fixed term 4.38% 4.37% 4.04% 3.96% exclusion as a percentage of the school population Average number of exclusions per excluded pupil 1.84 1.85 2.00 1.90 Total number of days of fixed term exclusions 12,202 12,125 9,405 8,459 Average number of days lost per excluded pupil 7.51 7.48 6.32 5.87 Source: Greenwich schools
Table 4.6.7 Number of fixed term exclusions from school between 2005/06 and 2008/09, by reason Fixed term exclusions by reason 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 Bullying 56 62 52 47 Drug and alcohol related 43 16 42 37 Persistent disruptive behaviour 672 804 698 610 Damage 102 93 63 60 Other exclusion reason 374 325 306 407 Against adult 169 182 210 178 Physical assault Against pupil 663 665 698 598 Racist Abuse 32 29 30 18 Sexual misconduct 34 29 51 41 Theft 64 55 71 63 Verbal abuse or Against adult 612 601 599 559 threatening behaviour Against pupil 161 139 147 121 Total 2,982 3,000 2,967 2,739 Source: Greenwich schools
122 Table 4.6.8 Number of fixed term exclusions from school between 2005/06 and 2008/09, by gender Gender Years Boys Girls No % No % 2005/06 2,167 73% 815 27% 2006/07 2,162 72% 838 28% 2007/08 2,078 70% 889 30% 2008/09 1790 65% 949 35% Source: Greenwich schools
Table 4.6.9 Number of fixed term exclusions from school between 2005/06 and 2008/09, by year group Fixed term exclusions 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 Under 5s - 0 0 0 Reception 18 28 15 8 Year 1 12 23 45 33 Year 2 26 8 48 37 Year 3 79 60 84 38 Year 4 112 41 112 51 Year 5 94 81 150 48 Year 6 107 106 165 80 Year 7 359 396 356 371 Year 8 463 652 504 489 Year 9 711 574 673 738 Year 10 509 646 541 534 Year 11 270 350 300 299 Post-16 9 17 7 13 Total 2,982 3,000 2,967 2,739 Source: Greenwich schools
123 Table 4.6.10 Number of fixed term exclusions from school between 2005/06 and 2008/09, by ethnic group Ethnic Group 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 Bangladeshi 7 6 17 27 Indian 25 20 9 9 Asian Pakistani 5 9 13 10 Other Asian background 7 11 6 15 Black Caribbean 175 176 161 180 Black Ghanaian 7 17 24 30 Black Nigerian 138 199 186 228 Black Black Somali 54 74 101 93 Other Black African 138 134 134 117 Other Black background 99 92 78 78 White and Asian 13 22 20 9 White and Black African 39 41 45 31 Mixed White and Black Caribbean 103 146 154 107 Other Mixed background 62 72 110 137 White British 1,592 1,682 1,756 1,419 White European 21 27 26 55 White Irish 44 33 31 55 White Other White background 5 - 0 24 Gypsy Roma 35 39 29 7 Traveller Irish Heritage 44 23 36 4 Turkish or Turkish Cypriot 14 15 - 51 Chinese 24 18 22 3 Other Vietnamese 32 31 32 15 Other ethnic group 15 7 9 16 Unknown Unknown 72 85 54 19 All Pupils 2,698 2,897 2,946 2,739 Source: Greenwich schools
124 Focus on disabled children
Greenwich has an early intervention policy which places children at risk of exclusion on Pastoral Support Programmes (PSP). All children on a PSP are identified as school action plus because they have outside intervention as a result of the PSP. This is the same for young people with intervention from CAMHS for mental health issues, social care, the Youth Offending Team, external counselling or anger management. Pupils with special educational needs therefore account for a significant proportion of fixed term exclusions.
Pupils fixed term excluded one or more times by special educational needs 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 No special needs 467 576 886 School action 497 370 575 School action plus 396 382 986 Awaiting statutory assessment 8 6 0 Statement 146 125 292 Source: Greenwich schools and Impulse database extract as at 6 October 2009
125 Section Five
Make a positive contribution Section 5: Make a Positive Contribution
Universal Youth Provision
Greenwich Integrated Youth Support Services includes an information, advice and guidance service (formerly Connexions) to increase the offer to young people to enhance their opportunities, as well as the Youth Service (formerly Youth and Play) that provides youth, adventure play and out of school play services for children and young people in Greenwich.
• In Greenwich, more young people attend their local youth centres and clubs, events and structured activities than national and similar areas. • In 2009/10 Greenwich exceeded national targets for reach and participation among young people.
Youth centres and adventure play centres are located throughout the borough and provide young people with a range of positive activities through various programmes including sports, computer access and cultural programmes.
• More males (59% in 2009/10) are in contact with the youth service than females.
The local authority has a duty to secure and promote young people’s access to positive activities. The strategy for positive activities is supported by strong evidence which shows how getting involved can help children and young people develop important social and communication skills, build their resilience, improve their attitudes to school and prevent them from taking risks such as experimenting with drugs, or being involved in crime or anti-social behaviour.
All Greenwich secondary schools have an elected school council and these contribute towards embedding a culture of participation and strengthening arrangements and structures to support children and young people's participation in decision-making.
Families Information Service
Greenwich Families Information Service (FIS) is the borough’s information service for families with children and young people aged 0-19. As well as the helpline service based in Woolwich, FIS has a comprehensive outreach service linked with the borough’s Children’s Centres and working alongside schools, integrated youth support, health and voluntary sector organisations across the borough.
• Greenwich FIS receives approximately 10,000 enquiries per year through the helpline • The FIS has around 20,000 contacts with Greenwich parents, carers, young people and professionals per year.
FIS has been supporting local families, professionals and employers since 1999 with information about childcare, services and activities for children and young people and support available for parents and carers.
127
Focus on looked after and disabled children
Among children who were looked after at the end of the financial year, 51 took part in local youth services, centres or clubs during 2009/10, across a total of 624 sessions. Nearly half (45%), 23 had participated in youth activities four or more times during the year.
All Greenwich Year 10 pupils with a disability answering the Tellus 4 survey said that they had participated in group activities within the last month. In 2009/10, around 3% of young people in contact with the youth service were known to have a disability and 464 children and young people received one or more short breaks in 2009/10.
Libraries
Greenwich Library and Information Service offers a range of services for children, starting with lending services (books, audio books, DVDs and CDs) and also stock for usage within the library building itself, such as large format books so that parents can sit with babies and toddlers to read and share stories, homework collections, toys and games.
The libraries also have special collections such as dual language texts, large print texts and literacy materials for children with learning difficulties, as well as titles for early years. The teenage reading collections include large stocks of graphic novels and versions of some of the adult stock. Teenage reading groups have become regular, established activities in some libraries. A large number of activities are arranged for children and young people, including:
• baby rhyme times, • summer reading schemes, • activities for children throughout school holidays, • teenage reading groups, • story times, and • reading groups.
During 2009/10, 4,249 Bookstart packs were delivered to Stage 1 children (new births in the year), 3,028 to Stage 2 (1 to 2 years old) and 3,140 to Stage 3 (3 years old).
During the summer of 2009, 960 of the 1,751 children and young people aged 4 to 12 who started the summer reading challenge completed the scheme, which is designed to encourage young people in this age group to read.
The LIS provides free Internet access and other computer services to everyone via the People’s Network. Visitor figures have increased considerably as a result of this, leading to a record 1.5 million visitors to libraries in Greenwich in 2008/09. Four of our libraries were refurbished during 2009/10 and despite each of them being closed for two to three months, the visitor figures were only 8,000 fewer than in 2008/09.
128 Part of the refurbishment programme was to improve the children’s areas of the four libraries (Blackheath, New Eltham, Plumstead and West Greenwich), with brighter shelving and furniture, more space for activities, greater flexibility for events and an increase in the number of computers available for children to use in these dedicated areas. There is now greater access to a range of reference material online to help with homework. Within each of the refurbished libraries there is also a special teenage area with sofas and lending materials more attractive to teenagers.
Participation of Children and Young People
Greenwich has a Young People’s Council which represents young people who live or go to school in the borough. Looked after children have a Children in Care Council which is linked to the Young People’s Council.
Targeted Youth Support and Young Offenders
Overall crime in Greenwich is reducing. Data from the Youth Offending Service shows that the rate of proven re-offending among young people has continued to decline and is better then London and national comparators for 2009/10. There has also been a sustained improvement in the rate of first time entrants into the youth justice system. The relationship between deprivation and crime is stark, with higher rates of crime and anti-social behaviour in the most deprived neighbourhoods. The Youth Service provides targeted support for certain groups of young people who are more at risk of offending and anti-social behaviour.
• White British young men account for the majority of offences in Greenwich. • Young Black men are overrepresented in the youth justice system, particularly for more serious offences. • A small minority of young people are involved in violent crimes.
In the last year, a number of multi-agency interventions have successfully diverted vulnerable young people into positive activities and integrated support. The Support Through Early Intervention Panel (STEIP) was established in June 2008. The aim of the STEIP is to ensure an effective and proportionate multi-agency response to reports or complaints regarding groups of youths perceived to be involved in or at risk of crime and anti-social behaviour and victims of those groups. This is achieved through providing targeted interventions and diversions for groups of young people referred to the Panel.
• Since the STEIP’s inception in June 2008, it has received 46 group referrals, involving a total of 526 individuals. • The majority of individuals involved with the STEIP are male (87%), aged between 13 and 15 years old and White British.
STEIP intervention is largely successful, with a marked reduction in both the number of offenders and the volume of offences committed following closure of STEIP cases. Public perceptions of anti-social behaviour across the Borough have shown significant improvement since the STEIP’s inception, with the number of people worried about anti-social behaviour falling in the past 12 months.
STEIP is part of a stepped approach to targeting young people at risk of and involved in offending. STEIP focuses on young people in group settings. Referrals for young people at high risk of offending
129 are made to the Youth Crime Prevention Panel and for high level offending the Deter Panel so that a similar multi-agency team around the young person approach is adopted.
5.1 Integrated Youth Support Services - Education Employment and Training Team
Greenwich Integrated Youth Support Service Education Employment and Training Team (formerly Connexions) provides an information, advice and guidance service for all young people aged 13 to 19 who are resident in the borough or are educated in the borough. This age range is extended to 25 for clients with learning difficulties and disabilities (LDD). The team operates within an integrated approach to joint assessment and integrated care pathways for vulnerable young people. This service is co-located at The Point, alongside other services for vulnerable young people including Housing, Health, Counselling, Substance Misuse and Youth Offending.
Table 5.1.1 Number of young people in contact with the IYSS EET Team in Greenwich between April 2009 and March 2010 April to March 2010 Number % Male 12,754 52.8% Female 11,288 46.8% Not recorded 91 0.4% Total 24,133 100% Source: LECP IMS Team - CorePlus CCIS database (2009/10)
Table 5.1.2 Number of young people in contact with the IYSS EET Team in Greenwich between April 2009 and March 2010, by age Age Number % 12 185 0.8% 13 1,371 5.7% 14 1,291 5.3% 15 4,278 17.7% 16 5,073 21.0% 17 6,071 25.2% 18 3,530 14.6% 19 1,900 7.9% Over 19 434 1.8% Total 24,133 100.0% Source: LECP IMS Team - CorePlus CCIS database (2009/10)
130 Table 5.1.3 Number of young people in contact with the IYSS EET Team in Greenwich between April 2009 and March 2010, by ethnic group Ethnic Group Number % Indian 295 1.2% Bangladeshi 148 0.6% Asian Pakistani 215 0.9% Other Asian background 962 4.0% Black African 2,632 10.9% Black Black Caribbean 1,076 4.5% Other Black background 1,193 4.9% White and Asian 107 0.4% White and Black African 142 0.6% Mixed White and Black Caribbean 675 2.8% Other Mixed background 471 2.0% White British 12,159 50.4% White White Irish 237 1.0% Other White background 996 4.1% Chinese 188 0.8% Other Other ethnic group 359 1.5% Unknown Unknown 2,278 9.4% Total 24,133 100% Source: LECP IMS Team - CorePlus CCIS database (2009/10)
131 5.2 Integrated Youth Support Services - Youth Service (formerly Youth and Play)
The Greenwich Youth Service provides youth and adventure play services for children and young people in Greenwich. The number of young people accessing the service has risen year on year since 2007/08.
Table 5.2.1 Young people reached by Integrated Youth Support Service Open Access in Greenwich between 2006/07 and 2009/10, by gender 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Gender Number % Number % Number % Number % Males 4,924 57.5% 5,246 65.1% 6,522 62.8% 8,440 59.0% Females 3,326 38.8% 2,720 33.8% 3,772 36.3% 5,551 38.8% Not recorded 313 3.7% 90 1.1% 97 0.9% 322 2.2% Total 8,563 100% 8,056 100% 10,391 100% 14,313 100% Source: Greenwich Integrated Youth Support Service
Table 5.2.2 Young people reached by Integrated Youth Support Service Open Access in Greenwich between 2006/07 and 2009/10, by age 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Gender Number % Number % Number % Number % <13 2,066 24.1% 2,036 25.3% 2,445 23.5% 3,396 23.7% 13-19 6,194 72.3% 5,630 69.9% 7,208 69.4% 9,996 69.8% 20-25 289 3.4% 299 3.7% 697 6.7% 874 6.1% >25 14 0.2% 29 0.4% 41 0.4% 45 0.3% Not recorded 0 0.0% 62 0.8% 0 0.0% - 0.0% Total 8,563 100% 8,056 100% 10,391 100% 14,313 100% Source: Greenwich Integrated Youth Support Service
132 Table 5.2.3 Young people reached by Integrated Youth Support Service Open Access in Greenwich in 2008/09 and 2009/10, by ethnic group 2008/09 2009/10 Ethnicity No % No % Bangladeshi 27 0.3% 62 0.4% Indian 178 1.7% 192 1.3% Asian Pakistani 38 0.4% 104 0.7% Other Asian background 381 3.7% 402 2.8% Black Caribbean 506 4.9% 737 5.1% Black Black African 1,266 12.2% 2,029 14.2% Other Black background 508 4.9% 630 4.4% White and Asian 41 0.4% 88 0.6% White and Black African 100 1.0% 166 1.2% Mixed White and Black Caribbean 309 3.0% 431 3.0% Other Mixed background 237 2.3% 285 2.0% White British 5,452 52.5% 6,364 44.5% White White Irish 158 1.5% 168 1.2% Other White background 290 2.8% 423 3.0% Chinese 53 0.5% 111 0.8% Other Other ethnic group 545 5.2% 702 4.9% Unknown Unknown 302 2.9% 1,419 9.9% Total 10,391 100% 14,313 100% Source: Greenwich Integrated Youth Support Service
Table 5.2.4 Proportion of young people attending youth provisions who became participants by attending on 4 or more occasions between 2006/07 and 2009/10 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Reach 8,563 8,056 10,391 14,313 Participants 2,776 3,129 3,774 6,253 % becoming participants 32.4% 38.8% 36.3% 43.7% Source: Greenwich Integrated Youth Support Service
133 Table 5.2.5 Young people aged 13 to 19 reached during 2009/10 within the four main areas and borough wide provisions, showing targets Young people Reach % of population reached target reached Abbey Wood, Plumstead, Thamesmead 1,651 1,386 29.8% Woolwich 796 1,147 17.4% Eltham 2,209 1,707 32.4% Peninsula 834 795 26.2% Central provisions 2,363 n/a n/a Targeted youth support 3,456 n/a n/a Source: Greenwich Youth and Play Service
5.3 Young Offenders
Overall crime in Greenwich is reducing. In particular, there has been a sustained reduction in the rate of first time entrants who come into the youth justice system (per 100,000). The rate of proven re-offending 9 among young people remains better than national and statistical neighbour comparators in 2009/10.
Table 5.3.1 Rate of first time entrants to the youth justice system, between 2007/08 and 2009/10 2007/08 Rate per 100,000 Baseline 2008/09 2009/10* Greenwich 1970 1480 1400 Statistical Neighbours 2315 1918 1481 England 1857 1472 1160 Source: DfE (provisional 2009/10)
Table 5.3.2 Rate of proven re-offending by young offenders, between the 2004/05 baseline and 2009/10 2004/05 Rate Baseline 2008/09 2009/10* Greenwich 0.78 0.71 0.81 Statistical Neighbours 1.43 1.00 1.09 England 1.22 1.03 1.02 Source: Youth Justice Board (Final YDS for England April - June 10 - provisional 2009/10)
The following tables 5.3.3 to 5.3.7 provide a breakdown of young offenders by age, gender, ethnicity, ward and the type of offence committed in 2009/10.
9 The rate of proven re-offending is calculated from a cohort of offenders (Jan to March) each year who are tracked over a 12 month period to determine the total number of re-offences they commit in the tracking period. If the rate was one this would be the equivalent of each young offender within the cohort known to have re-offended once in the recording period, although it is more likely that a smaller number of offenders re-offend multiple times within the period. Good performance is typified by lower numbers.
134 Table 5.3.3 Number of young offenders by age and gender in 2009/10 Age Male Female Total 10yrs - - - 11yrs - - - 12yrs 7 - 8 13yrs 22 8 30 14yrs 53 14 67 15yrs 58 17 75 16yrs 86 20 106 17yrs 79 18 97 Total 308 80 388 79.4% 20.6% 100.0% Source: YOS data extracted from YOIS database
Table 5.3.4 Ethnic profile of young offenders in Greenwich compared to the overall Greenwich 10-17 population, between 2007/08 and 2009/10 Ethnicity 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 White 1.2% -2.5% -1.5% Mixed 2.1% 2.9% -0.1% Asian -5.1% -5.1% -7.3% Black 4.6% 7.3% 11.3% Chinese -2.7% -2.7% -2.4% Source: DfE
Chart 5.3.5 Ethnic profile of young offenders in Greenwich compared with the national population in 2009/10 Greenwich percentage difference National percentage difference 15% 11.3% 10%
5% 3.6%
0.6% -1.5% -1.4% -7.3% -2.2% -2.4% -0.6% %difference 0% -0.1%
-5% White Mixed Asian Black Chinese
-10%
Source: YJB YDS for England April 09 to March 2010 and mid-year estimates 2008/09
135 In Greenwich, Black young people are overrepresented in the youth justice system. Table 5.3.4 shows the percentage point difference in the proportion of young offenders in each ethnic group of young people against the proportions of each ethnic group in the Greenwich population. An overrepresentation is indicated by a positive percentage point difference. In particular, it shows that the over-representation of Black young people has risen since 2007/08 with the difference rising to 11.3% points in 2009/10. Greenwich has a greater over-representation of Black young people in the youth justice system than the national average in 2009/10. This is illustrated in Chart 5.3.5.
Table 5.3.6 Number of young offenders by ward in 2009/10 Ward Total % Abbey Wood 30 7.7% Blackheath Westcombe 7 1.8% Charlton 13 3.4% Coldharbour and New Eltham 17 4.4% Eltham North 7 1.8% Eltham South 13 3.4% Eltham West 18 4.6% Glyndon 23 5.9% Greenwich West 11 2.8% Kidbrooke with Hornfair 27 7.0% Middile Park 22 5.7% Peninsula 11 2.8% Plumstead 25 6.4% Shooters Hill 15 3.9% Thamesmead Moorings 20 5.2% Woolwich Common 30 7.7% Woolwich Riverside 25 6.4% Out of borough 66 17.0% Unkown 8 2.1% Total 388 100% Source: YOS data extracted from YOIS database
136 Table 5.3.7 Number of young offenders by type of offence committed in 2009/10 Type of Crime Number % Violence against a person 83 21.4% Theft 58 14.9% Drugs 44 11.3% Robbery 37 9.5% Public Order 35 9.0% Motoring Offences 35 9.0% Breach 33 8.5% Burglary 28 7.2% Criminal Damage 19 4.9% Other 7 1.8% Sexual - 1.0% Racially Aggravated - 0.5% Fraud - 0.5% Rape - 0.3% Total 388 100.0% Source: YOS data extracted from YOIS database
Table 5.3.8 Percentage of young people in the Youth Justice System receiving a conviction in court who are sentenced to custody, between 2005/06 and 2009/10 Custodial Sentences 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Greenwich 9.0% 6.5% 6.1% 10.8% 5.9% Statistical Neighbours 8.0% 8.0% 8.8% 9.0% 7.9% England 6.0% 5.9% 5.6% 6.1% 5.5% Source: DfE
Table 5.3.9 Percentage of young offenders engagement in suitable education, employment and training, between 2005/06 and 2009/10 Suitable EETs 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Greenwich 80.5% 64.1% 66.0% 71.0% 87.6% Statistical Neighbours 74.9% 65.5% 64.9% 69.0% 71.7% England 75.1% 67.9% 70.0% 72.4% 73.9% Source: DfE
Table 5.3.10 Percentage of young offenders with access to suitable accommodation between 2005/06 and 2009/10 Suitable accommodation 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10* Greenwich 94.4% 96.2% 96.9% 96.0% 99.4% Statistical Neighbours 95.2% 96.2% 96.0% 95.4% 96.2% England 93.4% 93.6% 94.9% 95.4% 96.4% Source: Youth Justice Board (provisional 2009/10)
137 Greenwich performs well for outcome measures for young offenders, such as Education, Employment or Training (EET) status and gaining access to suitable accommodation. There has been an improvement in the EET status of young offenders since 2006/07, rising year on year from around two thirds in 2007/08, to 87.6% in 2009/10. This compares well with national and statistical neighbours. In 2009/10, almost all, 99.4% of young offenders were in suitable accommodation up from 96.0% the previous year, which is better than national and statistical neighbours in 2009/10
5.4 Libraries
Tables 5.4.1 and 5.4.2 show the number of registered borrowers aged 0-14 at Greenwich libraries and the number of books and audio books issued to children 2009-10.
Table 5.4.1 Number of registered borrowers aged 0-14 by each library in Greenwich in 2009/10 Library at which young Total registered Child (aged 0 to Teenage (aged 12 person became a child and teenage 11) to 14) member borrowers Abbey Wood 1734 1383 351 Blackheath 5919 4775 1144 Charlton 1621 1342 279 Claude Ramsey 3498 3003 495 Coldharbour 891 688 203 East Greenwich 1305 1057 248 Eltham 6945 5719 1226 Ferrier 1139 852 287 New Eltham 1759 1404 355 Plumstead 4373 3424 949 Slade 2199 1751 448 West Greenwich 1885 1611 274 Woolwich 7260 5545 1715 Total 41804 33830 7974 Mobile 1529 1221 308 Grand Total 43333 35051 8282 Source: Library & Information Service annual statistics 2009-10
138 Table 5.4.2 Number of books issued by each library in Greenwich in 2009/10 Children Library Issues 2009-2010 Books Audio Books Abbey Wood 6,274 128 Blackheath 25,647 476 Charlton 9,230 63 Claude Ramsey 14,162 210 Coldharbour 2,997 101 East Greenwich 8,667 100 Eltham 50,715 879 Ferrier 1,323 241 New Eltham 8,150 188 Plumstead 16,809 259 Slade 12,503 140 West Greenwich 8,605 177 Woolwich 30,056 311 Totals 195,138 3273 Mobile 7,615 55 Grand Total 202753 3328 Source: Greenwich Library Service
139 Section Six
Economic well-being Section 6: Achieve Economic Well-Being
Greenwich is grappling with a legacy of low aspiration and multi-generational unemployment, prevalent since the late 1970’s and precipitated by the closure of Woolwich Arsenal and the London docks that provided a large pool of jobs for the majority white working class community. The inward migration of new minority ethnic communities in recent decades has produced a more diverse culture and higher aspirations, but outcomes for many young people, predominantly those from low income white backgrounds, remain unsatisfactory. Greenwich wants to break the cycle of under-achievement and multi-generational unemployment that is at the root of poor outcomes and low aspirations of our children and young people. Greenwich has an important role to play in the development of the capital's economy and is recognised internationally as a significant growth area for new homes and businesses. Together with four other London boroughs Greenwich will host the 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games. This will bring many opportunities to the borough. Greenwich’s experience of other major regeneration projects will help the borough to maximise local benefits and ensure that they last well beyond London 2012.
Deprivation
Deprivation and income poverty continue to present a major challenge for Greenwich.
• Greenwich is the 24th most deprived local authority in England and the 8th most deprived borough in London (IMD 2007). • Over half of all children living in the borough come from low income households • Over a third of children under the age of 16 live in poverty 10 , compared to 21.6% nationally (HM Revenue & Customs, 2008). • Woolwich Riverside and Abbey Wood are wards with the highest levels of deprivation and a higher proportion of claimants receive income benefits in these areas.
Educational attainment not only determines outcomes in later life but also the likelihood of escaping poverty. Consistent with national findings, pupils from the most deprived wards in Greenwich are less likely to achieve national expectations than pupils from the least deprived wards. However, the latest attainment results show that the attainment gap is narrowing for pupils from more deprived backgrounds and overall improvements at Key Stage 4 have occurred alongside a significant reduction in the percentage of 16 to 18 year olds who leave school and do not enter full time education, employment or training (NEET).
Closing the gap in educational outcomes (whether academic or vocational) and continuing to offer early support to the most vulnerable young people who are at risk of becoming NEET remains a key challenge and priority, and will help to secure pathways to employment and prosperity.
• White British pupils from deprived backgrounds, young people with special educational needs and those who had been known to social care are particularly at risk of poor educational and economic outcomes. • Expectant mothers and teenage parents often require additional support and encouragement to stay in education or training, or to return to work when they are ready to do so.
10 Child Poverty is measured as the proportion of children (under 16) living in families in receipt of out of work benefits or tax credits where their reported income is less than 60% of the national median income. 141 Housing and youth homelessness
There are high levels of housing need in Greenwich and demand for social housing far exceeds the supply of properties available for new tenants. Y outh homelessness continues to present a challenge in Greenwich.
• Over half of all homeless households are young people aged 16 to 25, of which more than a fifth are aged 16 or 17. • In the course of one year around 200 young people, particularly young women, disclose a housing need to Neighbourhood Services. • In 2009/10, 32% of all young homeless people (under 25) seeking assistance were from BME communities, and 67% were White British.
The number of young men and women presenting as homeless is expected to rise as a result of the current economic downturn and the growing number of young people in care approaching 18 years of age.
142 6.1 Child Poverty and Benefits
Table 6.1.1 Proportion of children (under 16) in poverty between 2006 and 2008 Child Poverty 2006 2007 2008 Greenwich 36.5% 36.2% 34.0% Statistical Neighbours 37.0% 38.1% 36.2% London 32.7% 33.3% 31.2% England 21.8% 22.4% 21.6% Source: HM Revenue & Customs
Chart 6.1.2 Number of children of claimants on workless benefits between 2006 and 2010
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 Number of children Jobseekers Allowance Employment Support Allowance / Incapacity Benefit Lone Parent Income Support Other income support Carers Allowance Source: DWP Information Directorate: Work and Pensions Longitudinal Study (latest data - May 2010)
143 The map of the borough below shows an outline of each ward and highlights where there are lone parent households with dependent children. The darker colours represent where there are more lone parent households with dependent children.
Map 6.1.3 Percentage of lone parent households with dependent children in 2001
Map 6.1.3 shows that Woolwich Riverside and Abbey Wood are both areas where there is a high percentage of lone parent households with dependent children.
144 Map 6.1.4 Number of Disability Allowance Claimants under 25 years old May 2008
Ref Provider 1 16 PLUS LAC Independent Living Project 2 Richards House Hospice 3 Greenwich Mencap 4 PHCT (Greenwich Primary Health Care Trust) 5 Greenwich Toy Library 6 Somali Carers Project 7 Harmony 8 Crossroads G&L Ltd 9 Eastcombe 10 Charlton Park Boarding Unit
Map 6.1.5 shows that the wards with the highest number of young people receiving Disability Living Allowance were Woolwich Riverside, Thamesmead Mooring, Abbey Wood and Eltham West.
Focus on disabled children
Direct payments are cash payments made to individuals who have been assessed as needing services, in lieu of social service provision.
Projected Direct Payments 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 Number of disabled children whose family 328 288 330 are in receipt of Direct Payments Source: Greenwich Council
145 6.2 Deprivation
Greenwich is the 24th most deprived local authority in England, based on the Indices of Multiple Deprivation (IMD 2007) rank of average score, which represents a relative increase in deprivation of 17 places from the 2004 ranking (41st). Compared to the rest of London, Greenwich is now the 8th most deprived London borough (out of 33 London boroughs), 2 places higher than in 2004.
The Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) brings together information about children living in families in receipt of means tested benefits such as Income Support and tax credits where the family income is below 60% of the national median income before housing costs. Map 6.2.1 shows areas of deprivation according to the IDACI, areas shaded in dark green represent the 10% most deprived areas in England.
Map 6.2.1 Greenwich neighbourhoods within the 30 per cent most deprived in England (IDACI 2007)
In terms of the extent to which the population is affected by deprivation, 44% of the Greenwich population are now estimated to live in the areas that are classified as being in the 10% most deprived areas in England, which is 5% points higher than in 2004.
146 6.3 Deprivation in Schools
Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI)
In Greenwich, IDACI can be used for measuring deprivation among the school population. Pupils in Greenwich schools are assigned a ranking based on their home postcode. If deprivation was spread evenly around England, each local authority would expect to find 20% of their residents living in the bottom 20% (the 20% most deprived areas).
Chart 6.3.1 Distribution of pupils in Greenwich primary schools in 2010, based on IDACI
Greenwich Primary Schools National expectation 100%
80%
60%
%pupils 40% 20%
0% Bottom 20% Bottom 30% Bottom 40% Bottom 50% Top 50%
Source: School Census 2010
Chart 6.3.1 shows that 57.8% of pupils in Greenwich primary schools live in the bottom 20% most deprived areas in England.
Chart 6.3.2 Distribution of pupils in Greenwich secondary schools in 2010, based on IDACI
Greenwich Secondary Schools National expectation 100%
80%
60%
%pupils 40% 20%
0% Bottom 20% Bottom 30% Bottom 40% Bottom 50% Top 50%
Source: School Census 2010
Chart 6.3.2 shows that 57.8% of pupils in Greenwich secondary schools live in the bottom 20% most deprived areas in England.
147 ACORN classification
ACORN stands for A Classification Of Regionalised Neighbourhoods. It is a commercial marketing tool compiled by a private sector company. Each postcode in the UK is allocated one of 56 ACORN types which are grouped into 5 Categories where 1 (Wealthy Achievers) is the most affluent and 5 (Hard Pressed) is the most deprived.
Each pupil in a Greenwich school is matched to an ACORN classification based on their home postcode.
Chart 6.3.3 Distribution of pupils in Greenwich primary schools in 2010, based on ACORN Greenwich Primary Schools National distribution 50%
40%
30% 20% %pupils 10%
0% 1: Wealthy 2: Urban 3: Comfortably 4: Modest 5: Hard Pressed Unknown Achievers Prosperity Off Means
Source: School Census 2010
Pupils in primary schools in Greenwich are likely to live in either Hard Pressed or Urban Prosperity areas as defined by ACORN and are least likely to live in the Wealthy Achievers areas. Around two in five Greenwich primary school pupils live in Hard Pressed areas (41.6%) compared to 24.4% nationally.
Chart 6.3.4 Distribution of pupils in Greenwich secondary schools in 2010, based on ACORN Greenwich Secondary Schools National distribution 50%
40%
30%
20% %pupils 10% 0% 1: Wealthy 2: Urban 3: Comfortably 4: Modest 5: Hard Pressed Unknown Achievers Prosperity Off Means
Source: School Census 2010
148 Pupils in secondary schools in Greenwich are likely to live in either Hard Pressed or Urban Prosperity areas as defined by ACORN and are least likely to live in the Wealthy Achievers areas. Around two in five Greenwich secondary school pupils live in Hard Pressed areas (39.4%) compared to 24.4% nationally .
6.4 Attainment and Deprivation
DfE figures for many years (1997 to 2003) have shown that pupils from advantaged backgrounds (i.e. management, professional) were more than three times as likely to obtain 5+ A* – C grades at GCSE than their peers at the other end of the social spectrum (i.e. unskilled manual).
In line with national findings, pupils from the most deprived wards in Greenwich are less likely to achieve national expectations and pupils from the least deprived wards are more likely to do well. It is also possible to identify a link between deprivation and attainment at earlier Key Stages. Performance at Key Stage 2 in 2010 is shown in Table 6.4.1 broken down by a range of contextual and deprivation factors.
Table 6.4.1 Key Stage 2 results in Greenwich schools in 2010, by contextual and deprivation factors
Key Stage 2 English Maths Science % Level 4 or above by deprivation factors
Eligible 74.8% 76.7% 81.5% Free School Meals Not Eligible 87.2% 87.7% 90.9% EAL 86.0% 89.2% 89.0% First Language Not EAL 81.7% 81.5% 87.3% Unknown 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% NR Resident Pupil 79.4% 82.0% 86.0% Neighbourhood Not NR Resident Pupil 85.3% 85.4% 88.9% Renewal Unknown 85.7% 71.4% 71.4% Hard Pressed 80.5% 81.8% 86.8% ACORN Not Hard Pressed 84.7% 85.6% 88.5% Unknown 90.0% 70.0% 80.0% Bottom 15% 80.9% 82.9% 86.4% IMD Not bottom 15% 84.5% 85.0% 88.8% Unknown 85.2% 77.8% 81.5% Bottom 15% 79.9% 81.5% 86.1% IDACI Not bottom 15% 86.0% 86.5% 89.5% Unknown 85.2% 77.8% 81.5% All pupils 83.1% 84.1% 87.7% Source: Information, Research and Statistics Analysis (based on Teacher Assessments)
149 Performance at Key Stage 4 in 2010 is shown in Table 6.4.2 broken down by a range of contextual and deprivation factors.
Table 6.4.2 Key Stage 4 results in Greenwich schools in 2010, by contextual and deprivation factors 5+ A* - C Key Stage 4 5+ A* - C Any Passes (Incl. E & M) Eligible 57.8% 33.0% 98.8% Free School Meals Not Eligible 76.0% 55.0% 99.0% English 67.4% 45.3% 98.7% First Language Not English 80.8% 59.4% 99.3% Admitted after start of Year 10 50.6% 35.4% 96.2% Mobile Pupils Admitted before start of Year 10 72.7% 50.6% 99.0% Neighbourhood Resident in NR area 67.4% 53.0% 98.7% Renewal Not resident in NR area 74.1% 44.3% 99.1% In Hard Pressed Category 66.1% 43.1% 98.7% ACORN Not in Hard Pressed category 75.6% 54.6% 99.1% In IMD bottom 20% 67.2% 43.7% 98.9% IMD Not in IMD bottom 20% 76.5% 56.3% 99.0% Unknown 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% In IDACI bottom 20% 66.8% 43.8% 98.7% IDACI Not in IDACI bottom 20% 78.5% 58.1% 99.3% Unknown 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% All Pupils 72.0% 50.1% 98.9% Source: Information, Research and Statistics Analysis
Table 6.4.2 above shows the link between deprivation and attainment at Key Stage 4. The attainment gap is most significant for free school meal eligibility and pupil mobility.
150 6.5 Young People Not in Education, Employment or Training
This section refers to 16 to 18 year olds who are not in education, employment or training (NEET).
Chart 6.5.1 Percentage of 16 to 18 year olds who were NEET in Greenwich between April 2006 and August 2010
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11
16%
12%
%NEET 8%
4%
0% Jul Jan Jun Sep Feb Oct Mar May Aug Dec Nov April
Source: Education, Employment or Training service (formerly Connexions)
Chart 6.5.2 Percentage of 16 to 18 year olds who were NEET in Greenwich between February 2008 and August 2010 compared with East London, London and England
Greenwich England London East London
16%
12%
8% %NEET
4%
0% Jun 09 Jun 08 Jun-10 Feb 09 Feb 08 Feb-10 Apr 09 Aug 09 Apr 08 Aug 08 Apr-10 Aug-10 Oct 08 Oct-09 Dec 08 Dec-09
Source: Education, Employment or Training service (formerly Connexions)
151 Chart 6.5.3 Percentage of 16 to 18 year olds with NEET status of “Current Situation Not Known”, between July 2008 and August 2010
Greenwich Greenwich 2010 Unknown Target East London 40%
30%
20% %Not Known
10%
0% Jul-08 Jul-09 Jul-10 Jan-09 Jan-10 Sep-08 Sep-09 Mar-09 Mar-10 May-09 May-10 Nov-08 Nov-09
Source: Education, Employment or Training service (formerly Connexions)
Table 6.5.4 Percentage of 16 to 18 year olds NEET in June 2010 by age and gender % of NEET Gender Age 16 Age 17 Age 18 Total No. cohort Female 12 82 72 166 50% Male 16 87 61 164 50% Total 28 169 133 330 100% Age % 8.5% 51.2% 40.3% 100.0%
Source: Education, Employment or Training service (formerly Connexions)
Table 6.5.5 Percentage of 16 to 18 year olds NEET in June 2010, by duration Duration Age 16 Age 17 Age 18 Total Total % Less than 4 weeks - 27 31 62 18.8% Four to less than 20 weeks 16 79 50 145 43.9% 20 weeks up to 1 year 7 59 40 106 32.1% Greater than one year - - 12 17 5.2% Total NEET group 28 169 133 330 100.0%
Source: Education, Employment or Training service (formerly Connexions)
152 Table 6.5.6 Percentage of 16 to 18 year olds NEET in June 2010, by age and ethnicity Ethnic Group Age 16 Age 17 Age 18 Total Total % Bangladeshi 0 0 0 0 0.0% Indian 0 0 - - 0.6% Asian Pakistani 0 - 0 - 0.3% Other Asian background - - - 9 2.7% Black Caribbean 0 5 - 9 2.7% Black Black African - 6 - 10 3.0% Other Black background - 7 5 14 4.2% White and Black Caribbean 0 - - 7 2.1% White and Black African 0 0 - - 0.3% Mixed White and Asian - - 0 - 0.9% Other Mixed background - - - 7 2.1% White British 22 127 98 247 74.8% White White Irish 0 - - - 0.9% Other White background 0 7 - 11 3.3% Chinese 0 0 - - 0.3% Other Other ethnic group 0 0 0 0 0.0% Unknown Unknown 0 1 - 5 1.5% NEET Total 28 169 133 330 100.0% Source: Education, Employment or Training service (formerly Connexions)
153 Table 6.5.7 Number of 16 to 18 year olds NEET in June 2010, by age and ward of residence Ward of residence Age 16 Age 17 Age 18 Total % Total Abbey Wood 0 11 6 17 5.2% Blackheath Westcombe 0 - 6 8 2.4% Charlton - 10 10 24 7.3% Coldharbour and New Eltham - - 5 10 3.0% Eltham North - - - 8 2.4% Eltham South 0 5 - 8 2.4% Eltham West - 16 6 24 7.3% Glyndon - 13 10 24 7.3% Greenwich West - 6 - 9 2.7% Kidbrooke with Hornfair - 8 7 16 4.8% Middle Park and Sutcliffe - 10 10 24 7.3% Peninsula 0 - - 5 1.5% Plumstead - 14 15 32 9.7% Shooters Hill - 9 7 19 5.8% Thamesmead Moorings - 9 9 19 5.8% Woolwich Common - 21 12 35 10.6% Woolwich Riverside - 16 15 35 10.6% Out of borough 0 - - - 1.2% Unknown 0 5 - 9 2.7% NEET Total 28 169 133 330 100.0% Source: Education, Employment or Training service (formerly Connexions)
154 NEET cohort study
A cohort study was carried out on 98 young people who were not in education, employment or training (NEET) after completing Year 11 in Greenwich schools or alternative provision in 2009. Key findings from the cohort study included:
• The majority (82%) of young people who were NEET had been known to social care at some point. • White British and Mixed White and Black Caribbean ethnic groups were overrepresented in the NEET cohort; 82% of the NEET cohort were White British compared to 48% in the 2008/09 Year 11 cohort and 6% of the NEET cohort were Mixed White and Black Caribbean compared to 3% in the 2008/09 Year 11 cohort. • Over two thirds (68%) of young people in the NEET cohort had special educational needs (SEN). Behaviour, emotional and social difficulties (BESD) was the most common SEN type among those at School Action Plus or with a Statement of SEN. • Out of 83 NEET young people with school attendance information, six in ten (59%) were persistently absent from school in Year 11 in 2008/09. • Just over one third (35%) of young people who were NEET were known to the Youth Offending Service (YOS). • Just over one third (35%) of females in the NEET cohort were either pregnant or teenage mothers. • Out of 74 NEET young people who were entered for GCSE qualifications, almost all of them (99%) did not achieve 5+ A* - C (Incl. English and maths) grades, 92% did not achieve 5+ A* - C grades, 59% did not achieve 5+ A* - G grades and 15% did not achieve 1+ A* - G grade. However, there was a 100% success rate in Basic Skills qualifications, BTEC First Certificates and Diplomas, Entry Level Qualifications, Key Skills and Vocational Related Qualifications (VRQ). • Almost half (47%) of the young people who are NEET had been engaged with Integrated Youth Support Services. Of those, 67% (31 out of 46) had attended services within the last year.
155 Chart 6.5.8 Percentage of teenage mothers known to the Education, Employment or Training service (formerly Connexions) as EET, NEET and “Current Situation Not Known” between July 2008 and August 2010
% Known as EET % Known as NEET % Unknown 80%
60%
40%
TeenageMothers 20%
0% Jul-08 Jul-09 Jul-10 Jan-09 Jan-10 Sep-08 Sep-09 Mar-09 Mar-10 May-09 May-10 Nov-08 Nov-09
Source: Education, Employment or Training service (formerly Connexions)
Focus on looked after children
Chart 6.5.9 Percentage of care leavers in Education, Employment or Training between July 2008 and August 2010
Greenwich East London 80%
60%
40% Care Leavers Care 20%
0% Jul-08 Jul-09 Jul-10 Jan-09 Jan-10 Sep-08 Sep-09 Mar-09 Mar-10 May-09 May-10 Nov-08 Nov-09
Source: Education, Employment or Training service (formerly Connexions)
156 6.6 Housing
Children and housing need in Greenwich
Greenwich has high levels of housing need and demand for social housing far exceeds the supply of properties available for new tenants. There are 8,181 children (under 18) living in households that have applied to Greenwich’s housing register for alternative accommodation.
There are 2,017 households on Greenwich’s housing register who are living in overcrowded housing. Of these 354 are severely overcrowded. Greenwich has an Overcrowding Action Plan to tackle overcrowding through a range of interventions.
Homelessness and temporary accommodation
Chart 6.6.1 shows that Greenwich has significantly reduced the number of households and children who are homeless and living in temporary accommodation. Greenwich no longer places children or pregnant women into bed and breakfast type accommodation with shared facilities. At April 2010 there were 164 households in temporary accommodation, a reduction of 62% on the previous year.
Chart 6.6.1: Number of households who were prevented from becoming homeless through housing advice and casework between 2005-06 and 2009-10
Prevented from becoming homeless Accepted as homeless In Temporary Accommodation 1400 1200
1000
800 600
400 Numberof households 200 0 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
Source: Greenwich Neighbourhood Services
Greenwich actively intervenes to prevent families from becoming homeless and has been successful in reducing the numbers who are accepted as homeless through a range of housing options. These include supporting families to move into the private sector and providing appropriate help and support where existing tenancies are at risk.
In 2009/10 32% of all young homeless people (under 25) seeking assistance were from BME communities, and 67% were White British. Amongst homeless applicants overall there is a higher proportion of BME applicants (40%) than amongst the young homeless group.
157 Youth homelessness
Youth homelessness continues to be a challenge for Greenwich. In 2009-10, a new dedicated homelessness service for young people was established at The Point one stop shop for young people. In June 2010 a social worker from the Preventions Team joined the team so that social work and housing professionals work together to prevent homelessness and support vulnerable young people.
During 2009/10 225 young people approached the Council because they were homeless or at risk of homelessness. The 1 st Base Housing and Support Service assisted these young people by providing temporary accommodation where necessary including through a respite support service at St John’s Park, mediation services to assist the young person to return home, referrals and involvement of other relevant agencies. 1 st Base has embraced the use of the Common Assessment Framework and Team Around the Child to assess and support young people and their parents. Of the 193 young people whose applications went beyond an initial advice interview because of an ongoing risk of homelessness, 46% returned home, 42% were provided with supported housing, 8% were placed in temporary accommodation and 4% became accommodated under the Children Act S20.
Teenage parents
During 2009/10 there were 31 young people aged 16 to 19 who applied for housing who were pregnant or were parents. The Council has only 10 units of supported housing for teenage parents and plans are underway to increase provision, subject to resources being available.
Focus on looked after children
Greenwich has high numbers of looked after children who are assisted into permanent accommodation when they are old enough and able to sustain independent accommodation. Procedures and services are in place to prevent these young people from becoming homeless and to secure Council or housing association tenancies. During 2009-10 there were 42 former Looked After Children housed in Council tenancies.
158 Glossary
A/AS Level Advanced/Advanced Supplementary Level ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder ASD Autistic Spectrum Disorder BTEC Business and Technology Education Council CAF Common Assessment Framework CAMHS Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services CASH Contraception and Sexual Health CFR Consistent Financial Reporting CIN Children in Need CLLD Communication, Language and Literacy Development CPP Child Protection Plan DfE Department for Education EET In Education, Employment or Training EYFSP Early Years Foundation Stage Profile FSM Free School Meals GCSE General Certificate of Secondary Education GLA Greater London Authority GRT Gypsy, Roma and Traveller GUM Genito-Urinary Medicine HES Hospital Episode Statistics IDACI Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index IMD Index of Multiple Deprivation KS Key Stage of the National Curriculum LAC Looked After Children LARC Long Acting Reversible Contraception LDD Learning Difficulties and Disabilities LP Lead Professional MMR Measles Mumps and Rubella NCHOD National Centre for Health Outcomes Development NEET Not in Education, Employment or Training NFER National Foundation for Educational Research NHS National Health Service OFSTED Office for Standards in Education ONS Office for National Statistics PCT Primary Care Trust PSED Personal, Social and Emotional Development PVI Private, Voluntary and Independent SEN Special Educational Need SFR Statistical First Release SNA Safer Neighbourhood Area STEIP Support Through Early Intervention Panel TAC Team Around the Child
159 Greenwich's Statistical Neighbours (current):
Barking and Dagenham Birmingham City Bristol City Enfield Hammersmith and Fulham Islington Manchester City Nottingham City Southampton Waltham Forest
Greenwich's Statistical Neighbours prior to 2007:
Bristol City Derby City Lewisham Middlesbrough Newcastle upon Tyne Nottingham City Portsmouth Rochdale Salford Southampton
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