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Redescription of Two Species of Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Europe

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Redescription of Two Species of Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Europe © Entomologica Fennica. 15 March 2007 Redescription of two species of Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from high mountain areas of south-eastern Europe, with biological and biogeographical notes on co-occurring guild members Zeljko T0man0vic’*, Nickolas G. Kavallieratos, Petr Stary, Vladimir Zikic', Vladimir Tomic' & Luka Luéic' Tomanovié, Z, Kavallieratos, N. G., Starjl, P., Zikié, V., Tomié, V. & Luéié, L. 2007: Redescription of two species of Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from high mountain areas of south-eastern Europe, with biological and biogeo- — graphical notes on co-occurring guild members. Entomol. Fennica 18: 36—45 . Praon spinosum Mackauer, 1959 reared from Thrzpsaphis verrucosa Gil- 1ette,1917 on Carex nigra andDiaeretellus macrocarpus Mackauer, 1961 reared from the conspecific aphid on Carex rostrata association from Mt. Durmitor Bio- sphere Reserve in Serbia and Montenegro are redescribed, diagnosed and illus- trated with photographs from SEM and line drawings. The taxonomic position of P. spinosum within the genus Praon is discussed. Furthermore, some rare and en- demic aphid — aphid-parasitoid associations from high-montane areas of south- eastern Europe are reviewed and their distribution and origin is discussed. Z. Tomanovic (*corresponding author), Institute ofZoology, Faculty ofBiology, University of Belgrade, Studentshi trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Tel: + 38111638890, e—mail.‘ [email protected] N. G. Kavallieratos, Benaki PhytopathologicalInstitute, Department ofEntomo— logy and Agricultural Zoology, Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, 8 Stefanou Delta str., Kifissia, 14561, Attica, Greece; e—mail.‘ nick_kaval @hotmail.com P. Stary, Institute ofEntomology, Academy ofSciences ofthe Czech Republic, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske' Budej'ovice', Czech Republic; e—mail.‘ stary@entu. cas.cz V. Zikic, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, I 1000 Belgrade, Serbia; e—mail.‘ [email protected] V. Tomic, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg I 6, II 000 Belgrade, Serbia; e—mail.‘ [email protected] L. Lucio, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg I 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; e—mail.‘ luka @bfbio.bg.ac.yu Received 19 July 2005, accepted 29 March 2006 ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 18 ° Aphidparasitoidgailds 37 1. Introduction 2001, Trdan 2002). External structure of the emerged parasitoids was studied using an During the research on aphid parasitoid guilds in OLYMPUS SZX 9 stereomicroscope. Females swampy habitats on Mt. Durmitor in Serbia and of P. spinosam and D. macrocarpus were gold Montenegro, specimens of Thripsaphis verm— coated and examined using a Jeol JSM — 6460LV cosa Gillette, 1917 / Carex spp. associations were scanning electron microscope. The terminology sampled and two parasitoid species, Praon used in this paper follows Huber and Sharkey spinosam Mackauer, 1959 and Diaeretellus (1993) and Kavallieratos ei al. (2001). macrocarpus Mackauer, 1961, were reared. We redescribed P. spinosam and D. macro— These species represent an isolated parasitoid carpas on the basis of our specimens reared from guild associated with Carex spp. in high-montane Thripsaplzis verracosa on C. nigra and C. rostra— areas (Mackauer 1959, 1961, Mackauer & Stary ta. 1967). D. macrocarpas and P. Spinosam have rarely been collected in the Palaearctic, but are widely spread from Finland to Serbia and Monte- 3. Results negro (Mackauer 1961, Stary 1966, Achterberg 2004). Furthermore, the original description ofD. 3.1. Redescription of Praon spinosum macrocarpus by Mackauer (1961) has become Mackauer, 1959 (Figs. 1, 2a, b) out-dated and it is not illustrated. Similarly, the description ofP. spinosam was based only on one Hololype S2. Germany, Tschdf, 11.VHI.1942, female specimen reared from Thripsaphis sp. by reared from Thripsaplzis sp., leg. C. Borner. De- Bomer in Germany in 1942. position: Deutsches Entomol. Institut, ex Coll. P. Spinosam and D. macrocarpas are re- Borner. described here, and some rare and endemic aphid Additional material. Five females and four — aphid parasitoid associations from high- males, Serbia and Montenegro, Mt Durmitor — montane areas of south-eastern Europe are re- Modro Jezero, 21.VH.2004, reared from T. viewed with particular reference to their distribu- verracosa on C. nigra, leg. Z. Tomanovic and V. tions and origins. Zikic (hereafter ZT and V2). Female. Head. Eyes oval, sparsely haired (Fig. 1a). Malar space equal to about 0.20 times 2. Material and methods the longitudinal eye diameter. Clypeus oval, with 19—22 long setae. Face with sparse setae. Samples from Carex rostraia (L.) and Carex Tentorial index (tentoriocular line/ intertentorial nigra (L.) with both live and mummified aphids line) 0.17—0.20. Head almost 1.2 times wider than were collected from Valovito Jezero (1700m) and mesoscutum. Maxillary palp 4-segmented, labial Modro Jezero (1600m) on Mt. Durmitor Bio- palp 3-segmented. Antennae 15—16-segmented, sphere Reserve (Serbia and Montenegro). Each filiform, with semi-erect and adpressed setae sample was placed separately in a plastic bag, which are shorter than the diameter of the seg- which was next brought to the laboratory where ments. Flagellomere 1 (Fig. 1b) 4.0—4.5 times as aphids were identified. Live aphids were pre- long as median width. F2 (Fig. 1b) about 3.0 times served in 2:1 90% ethyl alcohol and 75% lactic as long as median width. F1 without longitudinal acid (Eastop & van Emden 1972). Mummies, placodes and F2 without or with one longitudinal each still attached to a small piece of leaf, were placode (Fig. 1b). placed separately in small plastic boxes, which Mesosoma. Mesonotum (Fig. 1c) with central were put inside a growth cabinet. There was a cir- lobe densely covered with long setae. Lateral cular opening covered with muslin for ventilation lobes ofmesonotum sparsely setaceous (Fig. 1c). on the lid of each box in order to maintain inside Notaulices deep and distinct throughout. Propo- the boxes conditions similar to those existing in deum smooth, densely setaceous except in the the growth cabinet (22.5 0C, 65% relative humid- small central area (Fig. 1d). ity, 16:8 L:D photoperiod) (Kavallieratos ei al. Forewing. Pterostigma elongated, about 4.5 38 Tomanovic' et a1. - ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 18 Fig.1. Praon spinosum Mackauer, 1959, fe- male. — a. Head, ante- rior aspect. — b. Anten- nae, basal part (F1 and F2). — c. Mesonotum, dorsal aspect. — d. Pro- podeum, dorsal aspect. — e. Forewing. — f. Peti- ole, dorsal aspect. times as long as wide and subequal to distal ab- pedicel and F1 yellowish, except distal part of F1 scissa of R1 (=metacarpus) (Pterostigma length / brownish, remaining part of antenna black to R1 length = 0.90 — 1.00) (Fig. 1e). Vein Rs about brown. Mouthparts brownish. Petiole brown to 0.85 times as long as pterostigma and about 0.80 black. Legs yellow with dark apices. Metasomal times as long as distal abscissa of R1. Vein m—cu tergum 2 and 3 brown to black. Remaining body is completely effaced. Rs + M vein colourless in parts black. Cocoon whitish. basal part and coloured in distal part (Fig. 1e). Body length. 2.6—2.8 mm. Metasoma. Petiole (2 tergite 1) about 1.4 Male. Antenna 18—19-segmented. Fl about times as long as wide at level of spiracles with 3.0 times as long as wide. Petiole subquadrate. long setae at both sides (Fig. 1t). Ovipositor Head black. Mouthparts brownish. Scape and sheath moderately elongate with slightly concave pedicel brownish. Basal ring of F1 yellow, re- dorsal part. Apex round, with two conical apical maining part of antenna brown. spines (Figs 2a, b). Body length. 2.3—2.5 mm. Colouration. Head black to brown. Scape, Hyperparasitoids. Dendrocerus bifoveatus ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 18 - Aphia'parasitoia1 guilds 39 Fig. 2. P. spinosum, fe- male. — a. Ovipositor sheath, lateral aspect. — b. Ovipositor sheath, lateral aspect (en- larged); Praon necans Mackauer, 1959, fe- male. — c. Petiole, dorsal aspect. — d. Forewing. (Kieffer, 1907) (4 specimens) (Hymenoptera: parasitizes R. nymphaeae in the Palaearctic Megaspilidae), Asaphes suspensus (11 speci- (Mackauer 1959, Stary 1966). mens) (Nees, 1834) (Hymenoptera: Ptero- malidae), Syrphophagus sp. (2 specimens) (Hy- menoptera: Encyrtidae) — Serbia and Monte- 3.2. Redescription Diaeretellus macrocarpus negro, Mt Durmitor — Modro Jezero, 21.VII. Mackauer, 1961 (Figs. 3—4) 2004, reared from T. verrucosa on C. nigra, leg. ZT and V2. Specimens are deposited in collec- Holotype 9. Germany, Wildseemoor, 26.VII. tion of Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, 1960, reared from Bacillaphis sp. on Carex sp., University of Belgrade, Serbia. leg. R. Van den Bosch, M. Mackauer and F. Diagnosis. P. spinosum belongs to the “Para- Stroman. Deposited in coll. Mackauer (Vancou- praon” species group which is characterized by ver, Canada). the absence ofvein m-cu in the forewing. P. Spi- Allotype 8. Germany, Wildseemoor, 26.VII. nosum resembles Praon necans (Mackauer 1959) 1960, reared from Bacillaphis sp. on Carex sp., but it is immediately distinguished from it by the leg. R. Van den Bosch, M. Mackauer and F. ratio oflength to width at the level ofthe spiracles Stroman. Deposited in coll. Mackauer (Vancou- ofthe petiole (2 tergite 1) [approximately 1 .4 in P. ver, Canada). spinosum (Fig. 11) compared with 1.0—1.1 in P. Paratypes. 1E? and 388, same data as holo- necans (Fig. 2c)] and the length and width of the type. pterostigma [approximately 4.5 as long as wide in Additional material. 499, Germany, Wind- P. spinosum (Fig. 1e) compared with 3.2—3.9 in gefall-Weiher, Schwarzwald, 28.VII.1960, P. necans (Fig. 2d)]. For the above comparisons reared from Bacillaphis sp. on Carex sp., leg. R. three series of P. necans reared from Rhopalo- Van den Bosch, M. Mackauer and F. Stroman; siphum nymphaeae (L., 1761) in France, Czech 399, Germany, Tieringen, Schwabische Alb, Republic and Serbia and Montenegro were used. 31.VII.1960, reared from Thripsaphis sp. on Furthermore, P. spinosum appears to be a special- Carex sp., leg.
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  • Species Identification of Aphids (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) Through DNA Barcodes
    Molecular Ecology Resources (2008) 8, 1189–1201 doi: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02297.x DNABlackwell Publishing Ltd BARCODING Species identification of aphids (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) through DNA barcodes R. G. FOOTTIT,* H. E. L. MAW,* C. D. VON DOHLEN† and P. D. N. HEBERT‡ *National Environmental Health Program, Invertebrate Biodiversity, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K. W. Neatby Bldg., 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6, †Department of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA, ‡Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1 Abstract A 658-bp fragment of mitochondrial DNA from the 5′ region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) gene has been adopted as the standard DNA barcode region for animal life. In this study, we test its effectiveness in the discrimination of over 300 species of aphids from more than 130 genera. Most (96%) species were well differentiated, and sequence variation within species was low, averaging just 0.2%. Despite the complex life cycles and parthenogenetic reproduction of aphids, DNA barcodes are an effective tool for identification. Keywords: Aphididae, COI, DNA barcoding, mitochondrial DNA, parthenogenesis, species identification Received 28 December 2007; revision accepted 3 June 2008 of numerous plant diseases (Eastop 1977; Harrewijn & Introduction Minks 1987; Blackman & Eastop 2000; Harrington & van The aphids (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) and related Emden 2007). Aphids are also an important invasive risk families Adelgidae and Phylloxeridae are a group of because their winged forms are easily dispersed by wind approximately 5000 species of small, soft-bodied insects that and because feeding aphids are readily transported with feed on plant phloem using piercing/sucking mouthparts.
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  • Insects of the Idaho National Laboratory: a Compilation and Review
    Insects of the Idaho National Laboratory: A Compilation and Review Nancy Hampton Abstract—Large tracts of important sagebrush (Artemisia L.) Major portions of the INL have been burned by wildfires habitat in southeastern Idaho, including thousands of acres at the over the past several years, and restoration and recovery of Idaho National Laboratory (INL), continue to be lost and degraded sagebrush habitat are current topics of investigation (Ander- through wildland fire and other disturbances. The roles of most son and Patrick 2000; Blew 2000). Most restoration projects, insects in sagebrush ecosystems are not well understood, and the including those at the INL, are focused on the reestablish- effects of habitat loss and alteration on their populations and ment of vegetation communities (Anderson and Shumar communities have not been well studied. Although a comprehen- 1989; Williams 1997). Insects also have important roles in sive survey of insects at the INL has not been performed, smaller restored communities (Williams 1997) and show promise as scale studies have been concentrated in sagebrush and associated indicators of restoration success in shrub-steppe (Karr and communities at the site. Here, I compile a taxonomic inventory of Kimberling 2003; Kimberling and others 2001) and other insects identified in these studies. The baseline inventory of more habitats (Jansen 1997; Williams 1997). than 1,240 species, representing 747 genera in 212 families, can be The purpose of this paper is to present a taxonomic list of used to build models of insect diversity in natural and restored insects identified by researchers studying cold desert com- sagebrush habitats. munities at the INL.
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  • Ants and Subterranean Sternorrhyncha in a Native Grassland in East-Central Alberta, Canada
    518 Ants and subterranean Sternorrhyncha in a native grassland in east-central Alberta, Canada J.S. Newton, J. Glasier, H.E.L. Maw, H.C. Proctor, R.G. Foottit Abstract*Little is known about the associations of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with subterranean aphids and mealybugs (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae and Pseudococci- dae), particularly in Canadian grasslands. Knowledge of host plants for these sternorrhynchans is equally rare. We carried out a plant-based survey of ants and belowground aphids and mealybugs in a native fescue grassland in east-central Alberta, Canada. We found 23 species of ants, 12 of which (species of Lasius F., Myrmica Latreille, Tapinoma Fo¨rster, and Temnothorax Mayr) were in association with subterranean sternorrhynchans. Twelve species of aphids and mealybugs were collected; 3 are new records for Canada and 2 are possibly undescribed. Most ant species associated with sternorrhynchans were found with more than one species of sternor- rhynchan, sometimes in the same nest. Almost all sternorrhynchans were found on graminoid hosts (Poaceae and Cyperaceae); there was little observed plant-specificity beyond this. There were no significant correlations between presence of subterranean sternorrhynchans and percent cover of different plant types, soil moisture content, slope, aspect, or visible entrances to ant nests. Re´sume´*Les associations des fourmis (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) et des pucerons et cochenilles (Hemiptera : Sternorrhyncha : Aphididae et Pseudococcidae) hypoge´es sont mal connues, particulie`rement dans les prairies canadiennes. Il y a de meˆme peu de renseignements sur les plantes hoˆtes de ces sternorhynches. Nous avons mene´ un inventaire des fourmis et des pucerons et cochenilles hypoge´es en fonction des plantes dans une prairie indige`ne a`fe´tuque dans le centre-est de l’Alberta, Canada.
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