© Entomologica Fennica. 15 March 2007

Redescription of two species of (: ) from high mountain areas of south-eastern Europe, with biological and biogeographical notes on co-occurring guild members

Zeljko T0man0vic’*, Nickolas G. Kavallieratos, Petr Stary, Vladimir Zikic', Vladimir Tomic' & Luka Luéic'

Tomanovié, Z, Kavallieratos, N. G., Starjl, P., Zikié, V., Tomié, V. & Luéié, L. 2007: Redescription of two species of Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from high mountain areas of south-eastern Europe, with biological and biogeo-

— graphical notes on co-occurring guild members. Entomol. Fennica 18: 36—45 .

Praon spinosum Mackauer, 1959 reared from Thrzpsaphis verrucosa Gil- 1ette,1917 on Carex nigra andDiaeretellus macrocarpus Mackauer, 1961 reared from the conspecific on Carex rostrata association from Mt. Durmitor Bio- sphere Reserve in Serbia and Montenegro are redescribed, diagnosed and illus- trated with photographs from SEM and line drawings. The taxonomic position of P. spinosum within the genus Praon is discussed. Furthermore, some rare and en- demic aphid — aphid-parasitoid associations from high-montane areas of south- eastern Europe are reviewed and their distribution and origin is discussed.

Z. Tomanovic (*corresponding author), Institute ofZoology, Faculty ofBiology, University of Belgrade, Studentshi trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Tel: + 38111638890, e—mail.‘ [email protected] N. G. Kavallieratos, Benaki PhytopathologicalInstitute, Department ofEntomo— logy and Agricultural Zoology, Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, 8 Stefanou Delta str., Kifissia, 14561, Attica, Greece; e—mail.‘ nick_kaval @hotmail.com P. Stary, Institute ofEntomology, Academy ofSciences ofthe Czech Republic, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske' Budej'ovice', Czech Republic; e—mail.‘ stary@entu. cas.cz V. Zikic, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, I 1000 Belgrade, Serbia; e—mail.‘ [email protected] V. Tomic, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg I 6, II 000 Belgrade, Serbia; e—mail.‘ [email protected] L. Lucio, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg I 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; e—mail.‘ luka @bfbio.bg.ac.yu

Received 19 July 2005, accepted 29 March 2006 ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 18 ° Aphidparasitoidgailds 37

1. Introduction 2001, Trdan 2002). External structure of the emerged parasitoids was studied using an During the research on aphid parasitoid guilds in OLYMPUS SZX 9 stereomicroscope. Females swampy habitats on Mt. Durmitor in Serbia and of P. spinosam and D. macrocarpus were gold Montenegro, specimens of Thripsaphis verm— coated and examined using a Jeol JSM — 6460LV cosa Gillette, 1917 / Carex spp. associations were scanning electron microscope. The terminology sampled and two parasitoid species, Praon used in this paper follows Huber and Sharkey spinosam Mackauer, 1959 and Diaeretellus (1993) and Kavallieratos ei al. (2001). macrocarpus Mackauer, 1961, were reared. We redescribed P. spinosam and D. macro— These species represent an isolated parasitoid carpas on the basis of our specimens reared from guild associated with Carex spp. in high-montane Thripsaplzis verracosa on C. nigra and C. rostra— areas (Mackauer 1959, 1961, Mackauer & Stary ta. 1967). D. macrocarpas and P. Spinosam have rarely been collected in the Palaearctic, but are widely spread from Finland to Serbia and Monte- 3. Results negro (Mackauer 1961, Stary 1966, Achterberg 2004). Furthermore, the original description ofD. 3.1. Redescription of Praon spinosum macrocarpus by Mackauer (1961) has become Mackauer, 1959 (Figs. 1, 2a, b) out-dated and it is not illustrated. Similarly, the description ofP. spinosam was based only on one Hololype S2. Germany, Tschdf, 11.VHI.1942, female specimen reared from Thripsaphis sp. by reared from Thripsaplzis sp., leg. C. Borner. De- Bomer in Germany in 1942. position: Deutsches Entomol. Institut, ex Coll. P. Spinosam and D. macrocarpas are re- Borner. described here, and some rare and endemic aphid Additional material. Five females and four — aphid parasitoid associations from high- males, Serbia and Montenegro, Mt Durmitor — montane areas of south-eastern Europe are re- Modro Jezero, 21.VH.2004, reared from T. viewed with particular reference to their distribu- verracosa on C. nigra, leg. Z. Tomanovic and V. tions and origins. Zikic (hereafter ZT and V2). Female. Head. Eyes oval, sparsely haired (Fig. 1a). Malar space equal to about 0.20 times 2. Material and methods the longitudinal eye diameter. Clypeus oval, with 19—22 long setae. Face with sparse setae. Samples from Carex rostraia (L.) and Carex Tentorial index (tentoriocular line/ intertentorial nigra (L.) with both live and mummified line) 0.17—0.20. Head almost 1.2 times wider than were collected from Valovito Jezero (1700m) and mesoscutum. Maxillary palp 4-segmented, labial Modro Jezero (1600m) on Mt. Durmitor Bio- palp 3-segmented. Antennae 15—16-segmented, sphere Reserve (Serbia and Montenegro). Each filiform, with semi-erect and adpressed setae sample was placed separately in a plastic bag, which are shorter than the diameter of the seg- which was next brought to the laboratory where ments. Flagellomere 1 (Fig. 1b) 4.0—4.5 times as aphids were identified. Live aphids were pre- long as median width. F2 (Fig. 1b) about 3.0 times served in 2:1 90% ethyl alcohol and 75% lactic as long as median width. F1 without longitudinal acid (Eastop & van Emden 1972). Mummies, placodes and F2 without or with one longitudinal each still attached to a small piece of leaf, were placode (Fig. 1b). placed separately in small plastic boxes, which Mesosoma. Mesonotum (Fig. 1c) with central were put inside a growth cabinet. There was a cir- lobe densely covered with long setae. Lateral cular opening covered with muslin for ventilation lobes ofmesonotum sparsely setaceous (Fig. 1c). on the lid of each box in order to maintain inside Notaulices deep and distinct throughout. Propo- the boxes conditions similar to those existing in deum smooth, densely setaceous except in the the growth cabinet (22.5 0C, 65% relative humid- small central area (Fig. 1d). ity, 16:8 L:D photoperiod) (Kavallieratos ei al. Forewing. Pterostigma elongated, about 4.5 38 Tomanovic' et a1. - ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 18

Fig.1. Praon spinosum Mackauer, 1959, fe-

male. — a. Head, ante- rior aspect. — b. Anten- nae, basal part (F1 and F2). — c. Mesonotum, dorsal aspect. — d. Pro- podeum, dorsal aspect. — e. Forewing. — f. Peti- ole, dorsal aspect. times as long as wide and subequal to distal ab- pedicel and F1 yellowish, except distal part of F1 scissa of R1 (=metacarpus) (Pterostigma length / brownish, remaining part of antenna black to R1 length = 0.90 — 1.00) (Fig. 1e). Vein Rs about brown. Mouthparts brownish. Petiole brown to 0.85 times as long as pterostigma and about 0.80 black. Legs yellow with dark apices. Metasomal times as long as distal abscissa of R1. Vein m—cu tergum 2 and 3 brown to black. Remaining body is completely effaced. Rs + M vein colourless in parts black. Cocoon whitish. basal part and coloured in distal part (Fig. 1e). Body length. 2.6—2.8 mm. Metasoma. Petiole (2 tergite 1) about 1.4 Male. Antenna 18—19-segmented. Fl about times as long as wide at level of spiracles with 3.0 times as long as wide. Petiole subquadrate. long setae at both sides (Fig. 1t). Ovipositor Head black. Mouthparts brownish. Scape and sheath moderately elongate with slightly concave pedicel brownish. Basal ring of F1 yellow, re- dorsal part. Apex round, with two conical apical maining part of antenna brown. spines (Figs 2a, b). Body length. 2.3—2.5 mm. Colouration. Head black to brown. Scape, Hyperparasitoids. Dendrocerus bifoveatus ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 18 - Aphia'parasitoia1 guilds 39

Fig. 2. P. spinosum, fe- male. — a. Ovipositor sheath, lateral aspect. — b. Ovipositor sheath, lateral aspect (en- larged); Praon necans Mackauer, 1959, fe- male. — c. Petiole, dorsal aspect. — d. Forewing.

(Kieffer, 1907) (4 specimens) (Hymenoptera: parasitizes R. nymphaeae in the Palaearctic Megaspilidae), Asaphes suspensus (11 speci- (Mackauer 1959, Stary 1966). mens) (Nees, 1834) (Hymenoptera: Ptero- malidae), Syrphophagus sp. (2 specimens) (Hy- menoptera: Encyrtidae) — Serbia and Monte- 3.2. Redescription Diaeretellus macrocarpus negro, Mt Durmitor — Modro Jezero, 21.VII. Mackauer, 1961 (Figs. 3—4) 2004, reared from T. verrucosa on C. nigra, leg. ZT and V2. Specimens are deposited in collec- Holotype 9. Germany, Wildseemoor, 26.VII. tion of Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, 1960, reared from Bacillaphis sp. on Carex sp., University of Belgrade, Serbia. leg. R. Van den Bosch, M. Mackauer and F. Diagnosis. P. spinosum belongs to the “Para- Stroman. Deposited in coll. Mackauer (Vancou- praon” species group which is characterized by ver, Canada). the absence ofvein m-cu in the forewing. P. Spi- Allotype 8. Germany, Wildseemoor, 26.VII. nosum resembles Praon necans (Mackauer 1959) 1960, reared from Bacillaphis sp. on Carex sp., but it is immediately distinguished from it by the leg. R. Van den Bosch, M. Mackauer and F. ratio oflength to width at the level ofthe spiracles Stroman. Deposited in coll. Mackauer (Vancou- ofthe petiole (2 tergite 1) [approximately 1 .4 in P. ver, Canada). spinosum (Fig. 11) compared with 1.0—1.1 in P. Paratypes. 1E? and 388, same data as holo- necans (Fig. 2c)] and the length and width of the type. pterostigma [approximately 4.5 as long as wide in Additional material. 499, Germany, Wind- P. spinosum (Fig. 1e) compared with 3.2—3.9 in gefall-Weiher, Schwarzwald, 28.VII.1960, P. necans (Fig. 2d)]. For the above comparisons reared from Bacillaphis sp. on Carex sp., leg. R. three series of P. necans reared from Rhopalo- Van den Bosch, M. Mackauer and F. Stroman; siphum nymphaeae (L., 1761) in France, Czech 399, Germany, Tieringen, Schwabische Alb, Republic and Serbia and Montenegro were used. 31.VII.1960, reared from Thripsaphis sp. on Furthermore, P. spinosum appears to be a special- Carex sp., leg. R. Van den Bosch; 19, Sweden, ized parasitoid of T. vermcosa whereas P. necans Vrml. Karlskoga, 13.VII.1954, reared from 40 Tomanovic' et a1. - ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 18

Fig. 3. Diaeretellus macrocarpus, Mack- auer, 1961, female.

— a. Head, anterior as- pect. — b. Antennae, basal part (F1 and F2). — c. Mesonotum, dorsal aspect. — d. Propodeum, dorsal aspect. — e. Fore- wing.

Iziphya ingegardae Hille Ris Lambers on Carex 3.4 times as long as wide, without longitudinal sp., leg. F. Ossiannilsson; 1E? and 18, Serbia and placodes. Fl equal to F2 (Fig. 3b). Montenegro, Mt Durmitor — Valovito Jezero, Mesosoma. Mesonotum with notaulices dis- 3.VII.2002, reared from T verrucosa on C. tinct in the fore part, slightly crenulated, with two rostmta, leg. N. G. Kavallieratos (hereafter NK) rows ofsetae. Notaulices effaced on the disc (Fig. and ZT; 18, Serbia and Montenegro, Mt 3c). Propodeum areolated, with 5—6 setae on its Durmitor — ValoVito Jezero, 20.VII.2004, reared upper and 4—5 setae on its lower areola. Areola from T verrucosa on C. rostmta, leg. ZT and V2; narrow and pentagonal (Fig. 3d). 232 E2 and 368, Serbia and Montenegro, Mt Forewing. Pterotigma 4.3—4.5 times as long Durmitor-Modro Jezero, 21.VII.2004, reared as wide. Distal abscissa of R1 (=metacarpus) from T verrucosa on C. nigm, leg. ZT and V2. equal to pterostigma (Fig. 3e). Female. Head. Eyes oval (Fig. 3a). Malar Metasoma. Petiole 2.7—2.8 times as long as space equal to 0.25 longitudinal eye diameter. wide at spiracles, with 7—8 costulae on its Clypeus oval, with 5—8 long setae (Fig. 3a). anterolateral area, with rugose mediodorsal part Tentorial index about 0.55. Maxillary palp 3-seg- and weakly prominent mediodorsal carina (Fig. mented, labial palp l-segmented. Head 1.2—1.3 4a). OVipositor sheath linear in its dorsal margin times wider than mesoscutum. Antennae l4-seg- (Figs. 4b, c). mented, moderately thickened at apex, with Colouration. Head black. Mouthparts brown- semierect and adpressed setae which are shorter ish. Scape and pedicel brownish. Fl with narrow than the diameter of the segments. F1 and F2 3.3— yellow ring at the base, remaining part of anten- ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 18 - Aphidparasitoid guilds 41

Biology, University of Belgrade, Serbia. Remarks. D. macrocarpus specimens reared from T. vermcosa had longer Fl than the type specimens [3.3—3.4 times as long as median Width, compared With “Segment 3 mindestens 2.5-mal so lang Wie dick...’ (Mackauer 1961)]. Males With 16-segmented antennae instead ofthe 17—1 8 in the type specimens.

3.3. Some rare high montane aphid parasitoid species in south-eastern Europe

All specimens collected in Serbia and Monte- negro are deposited in the collection of Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Serbia. Specimens collected in Greece are deposited in the collection of Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Agricul- tural University of Athens (Greece). Aphidius galii Tomanovic & Kavallieratos, 2002

Linosiphon sp. on Galium lucidum (699, 533), Mt Durmitor-Cmo jezero, 30.v1.2001, leg. Zr, (Montenegro); Galium schultesii (189 Q, 836), Mt Durmitor-Crno jezero, 30.VI.2002, Mt Fig. 4. D. macrocarpus, female. — a. Petiole, dorsal Durmitor-Jezerska gora, 1.VII.2002, — — leg. ZT, aspect. b. Ovipositor sheath, lateral aspect. c. Ovipositor sheath, lateral aspect (enlarged). (Montenegro). Aphidius linosiphonis Tomanovic & Stary, 2001 nae brown. Petiole and metasomal tergum 2 Linosiphon galiophagum (Wimshurst) on brown to black. Legs brownish With dark apices. Galium sylvaticum (59$, 1188), Mt Tara- Rest ofbody black. Derventa Canyon, 31.V.1998, leg. ZT, (Serbia). Body length. 2.5—2.8 mm. Aphidius montenegrinus Tomanovic & Kavalli- Male. Antennae 16-segmented, moderately eratos, 2004 thickened at apex, With semierect and adpressed setae Which are shorter than the diameter of the Acyrthosiphon daphnidis Ilharco, 1994 on segments. Body generally black except brown Daphne alpina (532$, 686), Mt Durmitor- mouthparts and legs. Zabojsko jezero, 1.VIII.2002, leg. NK and ZT, Hyperparasitoids. Dendrocerus bifoveatus (2 (Montenegro). 1907) (Hymenoptera: specimens) (Kieffer, sussi Pennacchio & 1988

— Aphidius Tremblay, Mechaspilidae) Serbia and Montenegro, Mt Durmitor — Valovito Jezero, 3.VII.2002, reared Delphiniobium junackianum Karsch. on from T. vermcosa on C. rostrum, leg. NK and Aconitumfirmum (87 E2 E2, 2886), Mt Kopaonik- ZT; Asaphes vulgaris (Walker, 1834) (5 speci- Metode, 03.VII.2000, 7.VIII.2000, Mt Kopa- mens) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) — Serbia onik-Samokovka, 9.VII.2000, 6.VIII.2000, and Montenegro, Mt Durmitor-Modro Jezero, 25.VIII.2000, Mt Kopaonik-Marine vode, 21.VII.2004, reared from T. vermcosa on C. 6.VIII.2000, Mt Kopaonik-Konaci, 23.VIII. nigra, leg. ZT and VZ. Specimens are deposited 2000, leg. ZT, (Serbia); A. toxicum ssp. bosni- in collection of Institute of Zoology, Faculty of acum (61 E2 E2, 3586), Mt Durmitor-Crno jezero, 42 Tomanovié et al. ° ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 18

2.VH.1998, 15.VHI.1998, 13.VH.2000, 19.VH. Trioxys chaeIOSlphoniS Stary, 1971 2000, 30.VI.2002, 4.VH.2002, leg. ZT, (Serbia), Longicaudus trirhodus (Walker) on Thalictrum Mt Kopaonik—Metode, 18.VHI.1998, 20.VH. aquilegifolium (2S? 9), Mt Kopaonik— 1999, leg. O.Petrovic-Obradovic, (Serbia), Sarnokovska reka, 8.VH.2000 leg. ZT, (Serbia); gora, 26.VH.2001, Mt Durrnitor— Biogradska — France Stary et al. (1971). Susica, 2.VH.2002, leg. ZT, (Montenegro); Aconitum napellus (499), Central Macedonia, Trioxys galiobii Stary, 1974 21.VI.2002, leg. N. Emmanouel, (Greece); Italy Borner on Galium lucidum

— Myzus langei (19), Pennacchio and Trernblay (1988). Zlatarsko jezero, 11.VH.1991 leg. 0. Petrovic Aphidz'us sp. Obradovic, (Serbia); Czech Republic — Stary (1974). MacrOSlphum daphnl'dl's Borner on Daphne oleoides (129$, 16), Mt. Tyrnphi, Ioannina, Western Greece, 17. V11. 2003, 3.VH. 2004, 3.4. Some new high montane 18.VH. 2004, leg. NK and ZT (Greece). aphid parasitoid associations Ephedrus blattnyl' Stary, 1973 from south-eastern Europe

Pterocomma rufipes (Hartig) on Salix retusa Aphidius avenae Haliday, 1834 (1S2, 13), Durrnitor-Mali Meded, 14.VH. 2000, leg. 0. Petrovic Obradovic, Durrnitor—Mali AcyrthOSlphon malvae (Mosley) on Achilea Meded, 18.VH.2000, leg. S. Tornanovic, (Monte- tanacetifolia (39 S2), Mt Sara-Livadacko jezero, negro); Slovakia — Stary and Leclant (1973). 24.VH.1995 leg. 0. Petrovic Obradovic, (Ser- bia); Acyrthoszphon cf. malvae (Mosley) on Salix Diaeretellus palustris Stary, 1971 retusa (569 Q, 4466), Mt Durrnitor-Mali RhopaZOSlphum nymphaeae Linnaeus on Meded, 6.VH.1998, 18.VH.2000, Mt Durmitor— Ranunculus aquatih's (283), Mt Vlasina, Ledena pecina, 17.VH.2000, leg. Zr, 22.VH.1990, leg. 0. Petrovic Obradovic, (Ser- (Montenegro). bia); Germany — Stary (1971). Aphidius ervi Haliday, 1834 LySlphlebuS balcanicus Stary, 1998 MacrOSlphum daphnl'dl's Borner on Daphne Aphis psammophila Scelegiewicz on Jasione oleoides (49 S2), Mt Tyrnphi, Ioannina, Western heldreichiz' (69 S2), Mt Vlasina, 21.VH. 1990, leg. Greece, 3.VH.2004, leg. NK (Greece); 0. Petrovic Obradovic, 30.VH.1996, leg. ZT, MacrOSlphum cholodhovskyi (MordVilko) on

— Sanchis et al. F Mt Durmitor— (Serbia); Spain (1999). illpendula ulmaria, (9 S2 S2 , 936), Crnojezero, 30.VI.2001, leg. Zr, (Montenegro). Monoctonus leclanti Tornanovic & Stary, 2002 Aphidius microlophii Pennacchio & Trernblay, Karsch. on Delphiniobium junackianum 1986 Aconitum pentherl' (1 S2), Mt Kopaonik—Metode, 7.VHI.2000, leg. ZT, (Serbia); A. toxicum ssp. Wahlgreniella ossiannilssoni Hille Ris Larnbers bosniacum (69$, 13), Mt Kopaonik—Metode, on Arctostaphylus uva ursi (1099, 633), Mt 18.VHI.1998, 20.VH.1999, leg. 0. Petrovic Durrnitor—Skrcka jezera, 7.VHI. 2005, leg. V2 Obradovic, (Serbia), Mt Durrnitor-Crno jezero, and ZT, (Montenegro). 15.VHI.1997, leg. 0. Petrovic Obradovic, Aphidius urticae Haliday, 1834 19.VH.2000, Mt Durrnitor—Susica Canyon, 2.VH.2002, leg. Zr, (Montenegro). AcyrthOSlphon daphnl'dl's Ilharco on Daphne alpina (399), Mt Durrnitor—Zabojsko jezero, Praon retusae Tornanovic & KaVallieratos, 2002 01.VH.2002, leg. ZT, (Montenegro). AcyrthOSlphon cf. malvae (Mosley) on Salix Binodoxys acalephae (Marshall, 1896) retusa (19, 16), Mt Durrnitor-Mali Meded, 6.VH.1998, 14.VH.2000, (Montenegro). Aphis myrsinitidis Petrovic & Leclant on ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 18 ° Aphidparasitoid guilds 43

Euphorbia myrsinites (6S? 9, 766), Mt Zlatar, Praon longicorne Marshall, 1891 1 1.VH. 1991, (Serbia), Mt Durmitor-Crno jezero, Macrosiphum cholodkovskyi (Mordvilko) on 27.VHI. 1991, leg. 0. Petrovic Obradovic, (Mon- Fill'pendula ulmaria (5S? 9), Mt Durmitor-Crno tenegro); Uhlmania singularis (Bomer) on jezero, 30.VI.2001, 4.VH.2002, leg. ZT, (Monte- Asperula cynanchica (2S? 9), Zabljak, 09.VH. negro). 1995, leg. 0. Petrovic Obradovic, (Montenegro). Binodoxys brevicornis (Haliday, 1833)

Uhlmania singularis (Bomer) on Asperula 4. Discussion longz'folia, Mt Durmitor-Crno jezero, 30.VI. 2002, leg. ZT, (Montenegro). 4.1. Habitats and distribution

Diaeretiella rapae (M’lntosh, 1855) Both P. spinosum and D. macrocarpus were col- Aphis cadiva Walker on Silene vulgaris (283), lected in swampy montane habitats and reared Mt Durmitor-Zminje jezero, 23.VHI.1990, leg. from T. verrucosa/ Carex spp. associations. 0. Petrovic Obradovic, (Montenegro); Pseudo— T. verrucosa lives on several Carex spp. (Heie brevicoryne leclantz' Petrovic and Remaudicrc on 1982) in very specific microhabitats, between the Arabis alpina (3 S? 9), Mt Durrnitor—Cmo jezero, stem and the lower leaves just at the water sur- 15.VHI.1997, leg. 0. Petrovic Obradovic, face, where there is very high humidity. A com- (Montenegro). parison ofthe habitats ofthe two species indicates that they tend to be associated with montane Ephedrus plagiator (Nees, 1811) swamps and moors in Europe (Mackauer 1961, Aphis salicariae Koch on Epilobium angusti— Stary 1966). folium (39$), Kopaonik—Samokovska reka, 6.VHI.2000, leg. ZT, (Serbia); Macrosiphum cholodkovskyi (Mordvilko) on Filipendula 4.2. Biodiversity and biogeography ulmaria (19, 18), Mt Kopaonik—Marine vode, 8.VH.2000, leg. ZT, (Serbia). High montane areas in south-eastem Europe re- present a very important centre of aphidiine di- Lysaphidus viaticus Sedlag, 1968 versity (Kavallieratos et al. 2004). This is due to Pleotrichophorus dupontl' Hille Ris Lambers on great plant and habitat diversities and dynamic Achillea millefolium (399), Mt Durmitor— historical processes (Matvejev & Puncer 1989), Zminje jezero, 17.VHI.1997, leg. 0. Petrovic with the glacial and postglacial history of this re- Obradovic, (Montenegro). gion being very complex. Colder climate and gla- cial phenomena in south-eastern Europe were Lyszphlebusfabarum (Marshall, 1896) less expressed than in Central and Northern Eu- Aphis cariincie (Borner) on Carlina acaulis rope. This resulted in a relative richness of flora, (2932), Mt Sara-Osljak, 4.VH.1995, leg. 0. which was not reduced by the influence ofglacial Petrovic Obradovic, (Serbia). periods as it was in Central and Northern Europe. This is one ofthe main reasons for the significant Monoctonus crepidis (Haliday, 1834) presence of Tertiary relics and endemism of Hyperomyzus hieracii (Bomer) on Hieracium sp. plants and associated in this area. We re- (1 S2), Mt Durmitor-Zminje jezero, 13.VH.2000, vealed many new and rare aphid parasitoid spe- leg. ZT, (Montenegro). cies and host associations from high mountains over the period 1996—2004 (Stary et al. 1998, Monoctonus nervosus (Haliday, 1833) Kavallieratos & Tomanovic 2001, Tomanovic & Acyrthosiphon cf. malvae (Mosley) on Salix Kavallieratos 2002, Tomanovic et al. 2002, 2003, retusa 1 Mt Durmitor—Mali Kavallieratos et al. Some of (3 S2 S2 , 1c? 6), Meded, 2004, 2004, 2005). 6.VH. 1998, 14.VH.2000, Mt Durmitor—Ledena the aphidiines as members of new host associa- pecina, 17.VH.2000, leg. ZT, (Montenegro). tions have economical importance as biocontrol 44 Tomanovié et al. ° ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 18

agents of pest aphids [A. ervi, A. avenae, Ephe— The genus Diaeretellus is closely related to drus plagiator (Nees, 1811), Diaeretiella rapae the Aphidius Nees, 1819, Euaphidius Mackauer, (M’Intosh, 1855), Lysz'phlebus fabarum (Mar- 1961, Diaeretiella Stary, 1960 and Diaeretus shall, 1896)]. Forster, 1862 based on morphology, but the phy- Biogeographically, high montane associa- logenetic relationships and taxonomic status of tions and species are characterized by an insular these genera need further investigation. type of distribution. In spite of the fact that their host aphids have much broader distribution, some Acknowledgements. The research was supported by the Conservation and Environmental Grant of Ford Motor aphidiine species are restricted to specific high Company (2004) (Grand Motors Belgrade), the Grants montane microhabitats. Based on the known dis- 143 006 and 143053 (The Ministry ofScience and Environ- tribution of aphidiine , we recognize two mental Protection of the Republic of Serbia), the Grant patterns of their distribution: the Eastern—West- S5007102 (Grant Agency, Academy of Sciences of the ern and the Southern—Northern. The Eastern— Czech Republic) and by the Entomology Institute Project Z50070508 (Academy ofSciences ofthe Czech Republic). Western pattern distribution indicates an ancient We wish to thank Dr Olivera Petrovic Obradovié (Faculty Mediterranean of and origin aphidiinae species of Agriculture, University of Belgrade) for the identifica- associations (L. balcanicus, M. leclanti, A. sussz', tion of aphids and Dr Aleksandar Stojanovic (Belgrade P. retusae, Aphidius gall'l' Tomanovic & Kavalli- Natural History Museum) for the identification of hyper- eratos, 2002, Aphidius linosz'phonis Tomanovic parasitoids. & Stary, 2001, A. montenegrinus). The South- ern—Northern distribution pattern presupposes a References glacial origin ofthe aphidiine species and associ- ations Diaeretellus

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