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Every Journey Matters?

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Every Journey Matters? Every Journey Matters? Does smoothing traffic flow work for everyone? www.bettertransport.org.uk Every Journey Matters? to become more urgent as the population grows and the economy improves, is whether to pursue an approach that places the highest priority on Introduction facilitating car and other motor traffic or to cater for Transport is one of the priorities for Londoners in the London as a city with high-quality public transport coming election for Mayor, and is the single policy and safer conditions for many more journeys to be area over which the Mayor has most influence. The made on foot and by bike. terms of both Ken Livingstone and Boris Johnson as Mayor are synonymous with transport initiatives – the We want to see all mayoral candidates adopt congestion charge and public realm improvements measures to make London a world-class city with (such as Trafalgar Square) under Ken Livingstone and streets no longer dominated by traffic, where it is the Boris Bikes and Boris Bus under Boris Johnson. safe and enjoyable to walk or to cycle. The policy that has arguably had most impact under Boris Johnson is less well reported. Boris Johnson introduced the Smoothing Traffic Flow initiative with the uncontroversial aim of managing London’s road network better. However, the way it has been delivered in practice marks a return to 1960s’ transport planning by the Greater London Council that put the movement of vehicles above the needs of pedestrians and cyclists. That approach failed to recognise the value of London’s streets as public spaces, as places for shopping or sightseeing, or simply as places that people feel attached to in their neighbourhoods. The Smoothing Traffic Flow approach is in principle uncontroversial. It has obvious benefits for buses and commercial vehicles as well as cars. But in practice it has involved choices that have tended to help speed up car journeys at the expense of the safety and convenience of cyclists and pedestrians. There is a danger of whoever is Mayor wanting to have it both ways – of seeking high quality public spaces, which are As the cover of this leaflet published by the Mayor good for people on foot and bike, while also seeking and Transport for London (TfL) implies, the Mayor’s policy is mainly about car travel. Many of the measures to keep car and van drivers happy. it contains concern the operation of traffic lights to increase the green time for traffic. Others are intended Creating safer conditions for walking and cycling is a to reduce the disruption to traffic from road works.1 matter that all candidates will have to address in the coming election. The question, urgent now but likely www.bettertransport.org.uk 1 Smoothing traffic and safety Smoothing traffic in practice in Boris Johnson knows that safe conditions are essential London’s streets and squares if more people are going to walk and cycle. For Parliament Square example, the draft transport strategy, published in the year after his election, stated that: “Fears about personal safety are a significant barrier to starting or continuing cycling. Road enhancements such as advanced stop lines at junctions or improving conditions for cyclists on bridges would help address these fears by improving safety, as will on-going work with the freight industry to address HGVs and cycling safety.” He frequently asserts that cycling in London is becoming safer. The Guardian’s transport correspondent, Gwyn Topham, does not agree: “Although Boris Johnson has been keen to push his image as a champion for cycling in London, the trend for safer cycling has reversed since he came into office. The TfL figures show, I calculate, a casualty for every 58,000 cycling trips in 2007 to a rate of about (a casualty for) every 49,000 in @FDWR 2010 . While we don’t have the numbers for the Parliament Square is one of the main showcases for first three quarters of 2011 to make the same per London to the world and one of the most visited trip comparison, the bare figures so far in London places for tourists. Few would claim that it represents suggest it is set to be the worst annual toll since London at its best with crowded pavements and 2000.” traffic surrounding the green space in the middle of the square. However, in August 2008, only four Meanwhile there is growing evidence that Boris months after becoming Mayor, Boris Johnson Johnson’s intention of smoothing traffic flow is at cancelled plans for the part-pedestrianisation of odds with safe walking and cycling conditions and Parliament Square saying: “There is absolutely no his own pro-walking and cycling policies. This can sense in Londoners paying £18m from their already be shown by looking at specific locations that are stretched transport budget in order to reduce notorious as hostile to pedestrians or as places where capacity on London’s roads . The last Mayor was cyclists have lost their lives. famed for his love of blocking the traffic but this scheme was a step too far. We will now look at other, more imaginative ways of improving the square, without affecting traffic flow.”3 By March 2012 new legislation and by-laws had been introduced to regulate protests and other activities in www.bettertransport.org.uk 2 Parliament Square but no change had been made to Changes have recently been made to the southern the traffic dominated roundabout that dominates this roundabout allowing pedestrian crossings at surface public space level6. However, proposals to improve the northern roundabout, which include making it a public square, King’s Cross have been resisted by TfL, “because it would interfere Attention has focused on the one-way system that with the traffic flow too greatly”, according to the includes the junction of Gray’s Inn Road, York Way, Deputy Chief Executive at Southwark Council.7 Caledonian Road and Pentonville Road where a cyclist was killed in a collision with a heavy goods vehicle in Meanwhile Boris Johnson, as a cyclist as well as early October 2010. Mayor, claims that: “Elephant and Castle . [is] fine. If you keep your wits about you, Elephant and The junction does not comply with TfL’s own Cycle Castle is perfectly negotiable.”8 Design Standards. Moreover TfL had been warned about severe safety problems at this junction in a Blackfriars Bridge report of March 2008 that it had itself commissioned For many cyclists and others, what happened but failed to act upon and which was only made at Blackfriars Bridge epitomises the serious public following a Freedom of Information request. shortcomings in TfL’s approach to the provision of safe One of the key findings of the report was: “The cycling. In 2003 a cyclist was killed while travelling pedestrian experience is further compromised by the north in a narrow central cycle lane between a bus sheer dominance and impact of traffic owing to its lane and a general traffic lane. There was an outcry speed and the number of lanes it occupies.”4 about the danger of the cycle lane. Just over a year later, and only two weeks after the cycle lane had The Camden Cycling Campaign had asked for a cycle been widened by 20 centimetres, another cyclist was lane from Gray’s Inn Road to York Way but was told killed in almost the same place. Over a thousand by TfL that it would add to pressure on this already cyclists joined a memorial ride to the victim. busy junction and cause delays for road users. Amid growing protests and media interest in its Elephant and Castle failure to provide safe cycling facilities, TfL removed This major intersection, a junction of six main roads, the central cycle lane overnight and commissioned consists of two multi-lane roundabouts, a north and a report on its procedures to improve cycling safety a south, connected by many more lanes of traffic. which was published in December 20049. Four of the It has long been notorious as a hostile environment report’s recommendations were that: for pedestrians, accessible only by a maze of bleak Schemes be audited to determine their effects on underpasses, and as a particularly dangerous place for cyclists pedal and motor cyclists. The 89 road user casualties Consultation procedures be improved recorded by TfL at the northern roundabout in three TfL develop a strategy for assisting cyclists on years from 2008 to 2010 include one cyclist who bridges was killed and six pedestrians, 36 pedal cyclists, 15 The consequences of introducing 20mph limits be motorcyclists and 32 bus, taxi and car occupants investigated injured. Two of the casualties were children.5 TfL later promised that it would address the lack www.bettertransport.org.uk 3 of consideration for cycle users in road schemes, (CS2) on which Bow Roundabout is located, and the gaps in training for officers and inconsistent use of second, Svitlana Tereschenko, less than three weeks safety audits. later. In 2006 TfL finally responded to the lobbying of Bow Roundabout had been identified the year cyclists’ groups and installed a wider cycle lane on before by Jacobs Consultants, employed by TfL, as a the side of the carriageway. 20mph speed limits were place where high traffic volumes and speeds were a introduced as part of the works on Blackfriars Station. problem for cyclists12. Among the recommendations But, extraordinarily, in 2011 a new scheme was made by the report was that Toucan crossings proposed without properly consulting cyclists. Said to for pedestrian and cyclists should be installed on be necessary to provide for pedestrians arriving at the the north and south sides of the roundabout.
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