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Design Guide for Highway Noise Barriers (0-1471-4)

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Design Guide for Highway Noise Barriers (0-1471-4) Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA/TX-04/0-1471-4 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Design Guide for Highway Noise Barriers May 2002 Revised November 2003 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Richard E. Klingner, Michael T. McNerney, and Research Report 0-1471-4 Ilene Busch-Vishniac 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Center for Transportation Research 11. Contract or Grant No. The University of Texas at Austin Research Project 0-1471 3208 Red River, Suite 200 Austin, TX 78705-2650 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Texas Department of Transportation Research Report Research and Technology Implementation Office P.O. Box 5080 Austin, TX 78763-5080 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes Project conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Transportation, the Federal Highway Administration, and the Texas Department of Transportation. 16. Abstract The current TxDOT design process for highway noise barriers is reviewed. Design requirements for highway noise barriers are then presented. These include acoustical requirements, structural requirements, safety requirements, aesthetic requirements, and cost considerations. Examples are given of different highway noise barriers used in Texas. Sample plans and specifications are presented. Design requirements are broadly grouped into acoustical requirements, environmental requirements, traffic safety requirements, and structural requirements; those requirements are again presented, drawing on the material presented in the preceding chapters. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement acoustics, aesthetics, design, noise barriers No restrictions. This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. 19. Security Classif. (of report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 96 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized DESIGN GUIDE FOR HIGHWAY NOISE BARRIERS Richard E. Klingner Michael T. McNerney Ilene Busch-Vishniac Research Report 0-1471-4 Research Project 0-1471 Effective Noise Barrier Solutions for TxDOT conducted for the Texas Department of Transportation in cooperation with the U. S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration by the Center For Transportation Research Bureau of Engineering Research The University of Texas at Austin November 2003 Implementation Statement This design guide is intended to provide Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) designers with background information, specific design procedures, and sample plans and specifications for the design of highway sound walls. TxDOT personnel should use the design procedures recommended in this Guide. Disclaimer The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the Federal Highway Administration or the Texas Department of Transportation. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. There was no invention or discovery conceived or first actually reduced to practice in the course of or under this contract, including any art, method, process, machine, manufacture, design or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, or any variety of plant, which is or may be patentable under the patent laws of the United States of America or any foreign country. NOT INTENDED FOR CONSTRUCTION, BIDDING, OR PERMIT PURPOSES Richard E. Klingner, P.E. (Texas No. 42483) Michael T. McNerney, P.E. (Texas No. 70106) Ilene Busch-Vishniac, P.E. (Texas No. 56661) Research Supervisors Acknowledgments Research performed in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. Table of Contents Chapter 1. The TxDOT Design Process ..................................................................................1 Introduction..............................................................................................................1 Basic Types of Noise Barriers .................................................................................1 TxDOT Policy Issues for Noise Barriers.................................................................2 TxDOT Noise Barrier Design Process.....................................................................6 Factors Influencing Design of Sound Walls ............................................................7 Contracting Process for Sound Walls ......................................................................8 Special Details for Sound Walls ..............................................................................8 Chapter 2. Acoustical Considerations in Noise Barrier Design............................................7 Definition of Acoustical Terms and Principles........................................................7 Properties of Sound..................................................................................................8 Hand Calculations of Insertion Loss......................................................................11 Calculations of Insertion Loss Using STAMINA..................................................13 Calculations of Insertion Loss Using TNM...........................................................15 Absorptive Materials and Highway Noise Barriers...............................................19 Characteristics of Common Barrier Materials .......................................................20 Evaluation of Proprietary Barrier Materials ..........................................................23 Rules of Thumb Regarding Acoustical Effectiveness of Noise Barriers...............23 Chapter 3. Structural Design of Noise Barriers ...................................................................27 Introduction............................................................................................................27 Definitions..............................................................................................................27 Structural Design Considerations for Sound Walls ...............................................27 Current AASHTO Guidelines for Structural Design of Noise Barriers ................28 Structural Design Process for Noise Barriers ........................................................29 Structural Design Requirements Imposed by Adjacent Utilities ...........................30 Basic Structural Choices for Noise Barriers ..........................................................30 v Chapter 4. Safety Considerations in the Design of Noise Barriers.....................................33 Introduction............................................................................................................33 Requirements Related to Vehicular Impact ...........................................................33 Chapter 5. Aesthetic Considerations in Noise Barrier Design............................................35 General Guidelines for Aesthetic Design of Noise Barriers..................................35 General Guidelines.................................................................................................38 Chapter 6. Texas Experience in Noise Barrier Construction .............................................39 Typical Types of Noise Barriers Constructed in Texas.........................................39 Chapter 7. Sample Specifications and Plans.........................................................................49 Introduction............................................................................................................49 Sample Specifications............................................................................................50 Chapter 8. Design Requirements for Sound Walls ..............................................................69 General...................................................................................................................69 Acoustical Requirements for Sound Walls............................................................69 Environmental Requirements for Sound Walls .....................................................70 Drainage and Flood Control Requirements for Sound Walls ................................70 Traffic Safety Requirements for Sound Walls.......................................................71 Structural Requirements for Sound Walls .............................................................73 Requirements Imposed by Adjacent Utilities ........................................................74 Soil - Foundation Requirements ............................................................................74 Serviceability Requirements for Sound Walls.......................................................75 Chapter 9. Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations...............................................79 Summary................................................................................................................79 Conclusions and Recommendations for Implementation ......................................79 References ................................................................................................................................81 vi List of Figures Figure
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