Populární Hudba Jako Zdroj Hudebního Materiálu Pro Jazz 21. Století

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Populární Hudba Jako Zdroj Hudebního Materiálu Pro Jazz 21. Století JANÁ ČKOVA AKADEMIE MÚZICKÝCH UM ĚNÍ V BRN Ě Hudební fakulta Katedra Jazzové interpretace Studijní obor Jazzová kytara Populární hudba jako zdroj hudebního materiálu pro jazz 21. století Bakalá řská práce Autor práce: Ing. Radim P řidal Vedoucí práce: MgA. Vilém Spilka Oponent práce: MgA. Jan P řibil Brno 2015 Bibliografický záznam PŘIDAL, Radim. Populární hudba jako zdroj hudebního materiálu pro jazz 21. století. [Popular Music as a Source of Music Material for Jazz in the 21st Century]. Brno: Janá čkova akademie múzických um ění v Brn ě, Fakulta hudební, Katedra jazzové interpretace, rok 2015. 36 s. Vedoucí diplomové práce MgA. Vilém Spilka. Anotace Bakalá řská práce „ Populární hudba jako zdroj hudebního materiálu pro jazz 21. století “ mapuje fenomén p řebírání hudebního materiálu populární hudby jazzovými interprety-aranžéry s důrazem na 21. století. Zárove ň nasti ňuje kontext historického vývoje vztahu jazzu a populární hudby. V záv ěru nabízí také úvahu, pro č se jazzoví muzikanti k populární hudb ě obracejí a jakého charakteru je populární hudba, kterou si vybírají. Annotation Bachelor thesis „Popular Music as a Source of Music Material for Jazz in the 21st Century “ maps a phenomenon of adopting material of popular music by jazz interpreters-arrangers with an emphasis on the 21th century. At the same time it outlines a context of historic development of a relation between jazz and popular music. In a conclusion part it offers deliberation upon why jazz musicians turn to popular music as for a source of music material and what a character of the chosen music is like. Klí čová slova sou časný jazz, populární hudba, cover, aranžmá Keywords Contemporary Jazz, Popular Music, Cover, Arrangement Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem p ředkládanou práci zpracoval samostatn ě a použil jen uvedené prameny a literaturu. V Brn ě, dne 4. 5. 2014 Ing. Radim P řidal Pod ěkování Na tomto míst ě bych rád pod ěkoval Vilému Spilkovi a Janu P řibilovi, za pomoc při vypracovávání této bakalá řské práce, Vilému Spilkovi navíc za jeho nekone čnou moudrost životní i hudební, kterou mi předával nakolik posledních let, a také Davidu Dor ůžkovi, Ji římu Slavíkovi, Janu Daleckému a dalším pedagog ům Katedry jazzové interpretace za jejich znalosti a p řístup k výuce. Obsah PŘEDMLUVA ...................................................................................................................................... 6 ÚVOD .................................................................................................................................................... 7 1 POPULÁRNÍ HUDBA A JAZZ V HISTORII ......................................................................... 9 1.1 DEFINICE POJM Ů ....................................................................................................................... 9 1.2 VÝVOJ VZTAHU POPULÁRNÍ HUDBY A JAZZU ............................................................................ 9 1.2.1 20. léta .......................................................................................................................... 10 1.2.2 30. léta .......................................................................................................................... 10 1.2.3 40. léta .......................................................................................................................... 11 1.2.4 50. léta .......................................................................................................................... 11 1.2.5 60. léta .......................................................................................................................... 12 1.2.6 70. léta .......................................................................................................................... 12 1.2.7 80. léta .......................................................................................................................... 13 1.2.8 90. léta .......................................................................................................................... 14 1.2.9 Od roku 2000 do sou časnosti ....................................................................................... 15 1.2.10 Shrnutí ..................................................................................................................... 16 2 PŘEJÍMÁNÍ HUDEBNÍHO MATERIÁLU POPULÁRNÍ HUDBY JAZZEM ................. 17 3 VÝB ĚR HUDEBNÍHO MATERIÁLU V ROZMEZÍ LET 2000 - 2015 (21. STOLETÍ) ... 19 3.1.1 Kapely, interpreti ......................................................................................................... 19 3.1.2 Newyorská scéna .......................................................................................................... 27 3.1.3 Polsko a tuzemské po činy ............................................................................................. 28 POUŽITÉ INFORMA ČNÍ ZDROJE ............................................................................................... 33 Předmluva Populární hudba a jazz bývalo synonymum. P řestože sou časná populární hudba je svým hudebním obsahem jazzu více či mén ě vzdálená, jazzoví interpreti, skladatelé a aranžé ři si jí jsou i nadále dob ře v ědomi. N ěkte ří jí opovrhují jako p říliš plytké hudby s ryze konzumními, komer čními zám ěry, n ěkte ří v ní vidí p říležitost p řiživit se na jejím obchodním úsp ěchu a n ěkte ří se z ní pokoušejí čerpat s um ěleckými zám ěry - pracují s jejím hudebním materiálem a p řetvá řejí jej jazykem jazzové hudby do nové podoby. A práv ě na tuto posledn ě jmenovanou skupinu um ělc ů stojí za to se blíže podívat. Až pokud je mi známo, doposud není na toto téma napsána systematická práce, která by mapovala vývoj čerpání materiálu populární hudby jazzem a nabídla výb ěr konkrétních um ělc ů a jejich prací. Zárove ň je jednozna čné, což se pokusím ukázat na příkladech v textu práce, že tento vztah jazzu a populární hudby existuje a vždy existoval, funguje a je živý, a ve své podstat ě jazzu vlastní. Proto vnímám téma práce jako smysluplné a zajímavé a její výstupy jako p řínosné. Neexistence p ředchozího výzkumu a literatury je také d ůvodem, pro č jsem zvolil takto obecné téma práce. 6 Úvod Ve své bakalá řské práci se vynasnažím předložit odpov ědi na následující otázky: jak se vedle sebe vyvíjeli jazz a populární hudba? Je užití populární hudby jako zdroje hudebního materiálu pro jazz výjime čné? Jaké jsou nejvýrazn ější um ělecké po činy v této souvislosti ve 21. století? Pro č si jazzmani vybírají populární písn ě a jakého charakteru jsou písn ě, které si vybírají a p řepracovávají? Pro č práv ě je, mají n ěco spole čného? Všechny tyto otázky považuji za nanejvýš relevantní vzhledem k tématu. Jejich zpracování zárove ň naplní úkoly, které považuji za primární, má-li jít o první zpracování tématu tohoto charakteru, a o kterých se zmi ňuji již v předmluv ě. Jde mi o pohled na vývoj jazzu a populární hudby a jejich vztahu, na čerpání materiálu populární hudby jazzem, nabídnutí podrobného výb ěru konkrétních um ělc ů a jejich prací ve 21. století a zamyšlení nad tímto fenoménem. Je pot řeba říci, že vzhledem k předepsanému rozsahu bakalá řské práce a rozsahu tématu jsem byl nucen první dv ě teze zpracovat pouze stru čně a výb ěrov ě, p řesto jsem je do práce za řadil, protože je považuji za důležité pro kontext interpret ů, kapel, písní a styl ů, které jsou zmín ěny ve t řetí kapitole. Rozhodl jsem se při podrobném zkoumání přebírání hudebního materiálu populární hudby zam ěř it na relativn ě krátkou dobu 21. století, i tak ale rozsah hudebního materiálu hodného zpracování převyšuje kapacitu bakalá řské práce. Na druhou stranu, vzhledem k neexistenci dostate čných pramen ů a literatury, ke kterým by se bylo možné odkázat pro za řazení informací do kontextu, jsem považoval další zúžení tématu za nevhodné. Ze stejného důvodu považuji za nutné alespo ň stru čné zodpov ězení otázek obecn ě-historických, jako jakou pozici má jazz v populární hudb ě a zda je užití populární hudby jako zdroje hudebního materiálu pro jazz výjime čné nebo ne. Práci jsem rozd ělil na t ři části. Část první se týká otázky vývoje vztahu jazzu a populární hudby. Část druhá odpovídá na otázku, jakou roli hraje p řebírání hudebního materiálu z populární hudby v jazzu. T řetí část, kterou považuji za t ěžišt ě své práce, nabízí výb ěr výrazných po čin ů v této oblasti. V záv ěru nabízím zamyšlení a možné odpov ědi nad zbylými tezemi - pro č si jazzoví um ělci vybírají materiál z populární hudby a jaké vlastnosti daný materiál má. 7 Primárními zdroji pro zpracování první kapitoly jsou mi hudební encyklopedie s hesly týkajícími se vývoje jazzu a populární hudby. Ve zbytku práce pak p ředevším pracuji s playlisty a recenzemi alb a samotným hudebním materiálem. Obojí je dostupné online. Vedlejšími zdroji jsou mi pak články z renomovaných internetových server ů zabývajících se hudbou. 8 1 Populární hudba a jazz v historii Abych se mohl zabývat vztahem populární hudby a jazzu a jeho vývojem, musím nejprve alespo ň stru čně definovat pojem populární hudby a ur čit, o jaké její části je relevantní uvažovat. 1.1 Definice pojm ů Populární hudba je poddruh hudby nonartificiální. Encyklopedie jazzu a moderní populární hudby definuje populární hudbu takto: „Jde v ětšinou o profesionáln ě nebo poloprofesionáln ě vytvá řené skladby kratšího rozsahu, jednodušší struktury a stabilizovaných, p řehledných forem, které jsou svou bezprost řední sd ělností přístupny nejširším poslucha čským vrstvám a jsou funk čně spjaty s jejich životem“ 1 Dále
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