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Uganda, Mubende District, Kiganda Sub-County, Kinoni Parish, Lwenyange Village

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Uganda, Mubende District, Kiganda Sub-County, Kinoni Parish, Lwenyange Village Emerging practices from Agricultural Water Management in Africa and the Near East Thematic Workshop Theme 3 Water Harvesting Laura Guarnieri CBL 29 August 2017 Theme 3: Water Harvesting PRESENTATION OUTLINE 1. PILOT AREA LOCATION 2. PILOT AREA OVERVIEW 3. OBJECTIVES – PILOT RELATED 4. PROJECT COMPONENTS – PILOT RELATED 5. MAIN FINDINGS IN FIGURES/FACTS 6. PILOT LAYOUT 7. EXPERIENCES AND LESSONS LEARNT 8. CHALLENGES AND THE WAY TO IMPROVE Theme 3: Water Harvesting PILOT AREA LOCATION The site is located in the Central Region of Uganda, Mubende District, Kiganda sub-county, Kinoni Parish, Lwenyange village. The site is 6 km off Kampala-Fort portal Road and 100 km off Kampala Kinoni site location relative to Mubende and Kampala cities and main roads (on the left); Valley tank and surrounding area (on the right) (Google Earth, 2017) Theme 3: Water Harvesting PILOT AREA OVERVIEW Kinoni basin elevation Statistics [m]: Great variability in land morphology • STATISTICS_MAXIMUM=1283 Undulating hills [5-15%] • STATISTICS_MEAN= 1214 Soil fertility good to moderate • STATISTICS_MINIMUM=1192 • STATISTICS_STDDEV=17.7 Annual (bimodal) rainfall [1100-1300] mm/y Big potential for Rainfall uncertainty is critical increasing agricultural Smallholder farmers dependSeasons on rainD1-fed R1 D2 productionR2 through Months D J F M A M J J A S O N agricultural production for their livelihoods IRWM Water Soil Soil Crop yields below the achievablesupply potentialIrrigation Rainfall Irrigation Rainfall (ASDSIP) mode moisture moisture Kinoni basin Slope Statistics [%]: • STATISTICS_MAXIMUM=17 • STATISTICS_MEAN=5.07 • STATISTICS_MINIMUM=0 • STATISTICS_STDDEV=3.12 Theme 3: Water Harvesting OBJECTIVES – PILOT RELATED Main objectives of the pilot 1. Providing different uses of water from the macro- catchment system 2. Increase crop productivity through a combination of in-field WH and SWC techniques and improved agronomic/forestry practices on collective pilot fields 3. Increase farmers’ skills trough field trainings and demonstrations and study visits 4. Supporting the development of WH (for agricultural use) sub-sector strategies and policies Theme 3: Water Harvesting PROJECT COMPONENTS – PILOT RELATED Irrigation : small gravity irrigation system for high value crops Security of the system Lessons learnt – study tour Field training and demonstrations Management and Maintenance Solar Energy : solar Crops : WH –SWC – pumping system (from improved agronomic the valley tank to the practices on rain- pilot plots) fed/irrigated pilot plots The three main sub-components of the pilot project in Uganda Theme 3: Water Harvesting MAIN FINDINGS IN FIGURES/FACTS . Global Climate Change Alliance . Agro-pastoralist community • Main crops in the area (both cash and food (GCCA) Valley Tanks’ project (2016) . Community Project crops at the same time) are: . A total of 105 House Hold. 10 farmers groups and 3 FFS formed under the GCCA project 3 . 10 000 m ; Inlet, silt trap and Banana, Coffee (Robusta) plantations; Maize, overflow; Beans; Tomato, cabbage, carrots, eggplants, . 3 cattle troughs peppers, sweet potatoes, onions, spinach. Water point for domestic uses • WH and agronomic practices: . Submersible pump powered by both . 3 farmers groups aware of CC (75 Organic Mulching solar panels and generator households) issues; 7 not interested Planting pits . Water user committee (GCCA hand . Local NGO C CARE trainer Trenches and soil bunds on contour lines over) revenue scheme + access Agro-forestry rules Conservation Agriculture/minimum tillage . Strong Implication of the MWE Road WH for banana plantation Small WH ponds for livestock Rooftop WH for domestic use Composting (can be improved) manure (from livestock) . Crop production and productivity Intercropping (can be improved) reduced because of droughts House gardens with manual drip irrigation Theme 3: Water Harvesting PILOT LAYOUT Layout of the pilot scheme in Kinoni, Mubende District, Uganda (L.Guarnieri/FAO) Theme 3: Water Harvesting PILOT LAYOUT Househo Area Dimen Pilot lds Estimation of Objectives/ Challenges (way to [acres]; sions Slope Techniques Benefits Crops plot directily Costs [US$/ha] Advantages improve) [ha] [meters] reached - Increase production of - It may lead to compaction Costs for added-value vegetables to of soil (Mulch with soft establishment of the improve the income among vegetative materials) Irrigated- mulching the farmers and improve - It may easily catch fire High value vegetables their diet during sunny period. Plot 110x8 mulched Short- 2; 0.8 15% + trees and shrub as 75 = 81.3 US$/ha - Improve soil fertility to (Constant monitoring of the 0 term 1 vegetables + live fence + Manure/composting control soil erosion, site) manure/mulching production improve soil structure - Mulches become habitats + Collecting of through mulching and for pests like rats and planting material manure. termites (Spraying with some chemicals like rocket) Establishment - Increase the productivity activities (Collecting of per unit of land (Crop yields Vegetated Fanya planting materials - Harbor rodents (provision typically increase by 50% Juu terraces (soil (seeds), Planting on of pesticides) (UNEP, 2000), ) Banana / fruits trees + bunds, Cultivation, - labour intensive (provision bunds and trenches - Increase fodder PlotDiagram a fanya150x7juu (“‘throw it upwards”) terrace systemMiddle/ : grass + Example of Fanya Juu inFencing, RwambuConstructing Fanya chini (“throw it downwards”)of hand tools andin Kinoni 3; 1.2 15% stabilized by grass). 75 production and quality for Initial profile and later development (Source: WOCAT,Long 2007)-term annual/perennial(South-Western Uganda) the(Metametaterrace,) site (farmer group 1) (incentives)L.Guarnieri/FAO) 2 5 + agronomic measures livestock stabilization of - no short time impact such as inter cropping, crops; - Control runoff velocity terrace, control (introduce multipurpose crop rotation and and soil erosion grazing) = 396 US$/ha planting material) green manuring. - Recharge ground water (70% met by land - Conserve soil moisture – users) bridge dry spells Banana-coffee - Increase crop yield/farm intercropped with Establishment Banana-Coffee income activities costs (inputs Annuals crops - Reduce risk of production (Robusta) for labor for land - High labour and capital (Maize,beans,yam), failure and expenses on complex preparation, demand (Phase in Plot 1.5; Middle- Vegetables and agricultural inputs 60x85 12% 75 tools/equipment, implementation and regular Intercropping term shrubs of social - Control of raindrop splash Stages in3 the development0.6 of banana-coffee systems from planting to General view on the Kibanjaseedlings,cropping system: maintenance of the system + mulching and dispersed/ harvest; Annual yield value of intercropped and mono-cropped coffee andeconomic banana, value. Trees coffee, grass mulchcompost/manure) and road runoff = water Banana–coffee systemtechnology) where banana canopy concentrated runoff banana in farmer fields in Mt Elgon and South+ WH from West tracks Uganda + (GACSA) and shrubs areharvesting ditch in the centre4469.13 (US$/haPhoto: (70% Jasson is about 1–2m above coffee and - Increase in organic trenches/ditches planted on the farm Rwazo, WOCAT)met by land users) provides good shade for coffee (ASHC) matter/soil fertility edge. Theme 3: Water Harvesting EXPERIENCES AND LESSONS LEARNED - Valley tank is a Community project - WH/SWC/CA/AF widely promoted in - ‘Local adaptation’ is necessary Kinoni (FFS) - GCCA due to the variability that exists - 3 farmers’ groups trained; well between farms and farming organized and ambitious community families importance of social networks - More effective extension and local institutions to invest and service to deliver technologies ‘risk’ (innovate) more to the farmers - Local NGO C-CARE Uganda important - Good agro-dealer private sector contact on the ground (training + that ensures efficient fertilizer follow up) and seed availability and - Good decentralized technical services distribution of MAAIF (district level) - The (tank) water user committee created with extracted members from the three farmers groups mitigate the risk of conflicts (pastoralists and farmers) Theme 3: Water Harvesting CHALLENGES AND THE WAY TO IMPROVE CHALLENGES SCOPE FOR IMPROVEMENT - Security of the tank, irrigation system and - An agreement among the community is pilots / Prevention of conflicts needed / Involve all farmers’ groups - Competition for mulch and fodder - Training to farmers on crop residues management + increase production of improved fodder + grass/shrubs through vegetated SWC structures - Increasing of soil fertility - Training on improved compost management/ISFM + agroforestry (Nitrogen fixing species) - Water availability for multiple uses - Prevention of siltation - Improve water management around the - Extra resources in terms of labour and tank and ensure daily maintenance + organic materials - Participation of the community + cash for work Theme 3: Water Harvesting THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION .
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