DOCSLIB.ORG

Using the Health Belief Model to Predict Injecting Drug Users' Use of Harm Reduction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Using the Health Belief Model to Predict Injecting Drug Users' Use of Harm Reduction Health Beliefs and Harm Reduction USING THE HEALTH BELIEF MODEL TO PREDICT INJECTING DRUG USERS' USE OF HARM REDUCTION Erin E. Bonar, M.A. Bowling Green State University A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August 2011 Committee: Harold Rosenberg, Advisor Molly Laflin Graduate Faculty Representative William O‘Brien Anne Gordon Health Beliefs and Harm Reduction ii ABSTRACT Harold Rosenberg, Advisor Based on the Health Belief Model (Rosenstock, 1966), the current study was designed to examine whether injecting drug users‘ (IDUs) beliefs about two injecting-related health conditions (i.e., non-fatal overdose and bacterial infections) and two harm reduction behaviors that prevent these conditions (i.e., injecting test shots and pre-injection skin cleaning) predicted their short-term intentions to engage in those two health behaviors. Ninety-one current IDUs recruited from needle exchange programs in Ohio and Michigan completed a series of questionnaires. Specifically, participants answered questions about their perceived susceptibility to and the perceived severity of the two health conditions, the perceived benefits and barriers of engaging in these two harm reduction behaviors, their self-efficacy to use these harm reduction behaviors, perceived social network norms regarding use of the harm reduction behaviors, and their recent use of and short-term intentions to use the behaviors in four drug-use situations (i.e., in withdrawal, not in withdrawal, alone, with others). Participants also completed a brief interview about their health promotion behaviors and perceived barriers to using the two harm reduction behaviors. Results indicated that recent past use of these two harm reduction behaviors consistently and positively predicted short-term intentions across all four situations. Only two constructs of the Health Belief Model also predicted intentions to engage in harm reduction, depending on the drug-use situation. Specifically, perceived susceptibility to non-fatal overdose and perceived benefits of test shots were significant positive predictors of intentions to Health Beliefs and Harm Reduction iii engage in test shots, but only if injecting when not in withdrawal; perceived susceptibility was a significant positive predictor of intentions to do test shots, but only when injecting if alone. Participants‘ rating of how often other injectors in their network use test shots was also a significant and positive predictor of doing test shots, but only if injecting with others or injecting alone. Analysis of open-ended interview responses also revealed that participants engage in behaviors to preserve their health in general and specific to injecting, and that they identify a variety of barriers to engaging in harm reduction behaviors. Based on these results, future research could evaluate whether discussing susceptibility to non-fatal overdose, listing the benefits of test shots, and encouraging IDUs to inject with others who engage in harm reduction behaviors may be valuable additions to interventions designed to increase these two harm reduction behaviors. Future research should explore whether the HBM predicts actual use of harm reduction interventions in addition to behavioral intentions and what other non-cognitive factors predict the use of harm reduction. Health Beliefs and Harm Reduction iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to the following people and organizations who made it possible for me to conduct this study and complete my dissertation: Harold Frances Rosenberg; William O‘Brien, Anne Gordon, and Molly Laflin; The Free Medical Clinic of Greater Cleveland (Melissa Ghoston, Kalia Johnson, Chico Lewis, and Jamie Benson), The Grand Rapids Red Project/Clean Works (Betsy Meier and Steve Alsum), and the HIV/AIDS Resource Center (Lemont Gore); Kristen Abraham; Shane Kraus and Erica Hoffmann; The Substance Abuse Research Group. Finally, I wish to acknowledge the 99 participants and pilot participants from Ohio and Michigan who took the time to participate in this project. Health Beliefs and Harm Reduction v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 Research Questions .................................................................................................... 15 METHOD…………………………………………………………………………………… 16 Recruitment Procedure and Participant Characteristics ............................................. 16 The Free Medical Clinic of Greater Cleveland Mobile Needle Exchange … 16 The Grand Rapids Red Project…………………………………………........ 17 HIV/AIDS Resource Center (HARC) Mobile Needle Exchange…………… 17 Participant Demographics and Drug Use History…………………………………… 19 Measures……………………………………………………………………………... 20 Harm Reduction Health Beliefs Questionnaire (HR-HBQ)………………….. 20 Screening Measure…………………………………………………………… 22 Short-term Intentions to Use Harm Reduction……………………………….. 22 Past Use of Harm Reduction…………………………………………………. 23 Background Information……………………………………………………… 23 Interview……………………………………………………………………… 23 Data Collection Procedure…………………………………………………………… 23 Hypotheses…………………………………………………………………………… 24 RESULTS………………………………………………………………………………… .. 26 Preliminary Analyses ................................................................................................. 26 Internal Consistency Reliability for the HR-HBQ Subscales ........................ 26 Intercorrelations Among HR-HBQ Subscles and Social Norms Item ........... 28 Health Beliefs and Harm Reduction vi Differences in Intentions to Engage in Harm Reduction Behaviors by Drug-Use Situation ............................................................................ 29 Using the Health Belief Model to Predict Use of Test Shots……………………… 31 Using the Health Belief Model to Predict Skin Cleaning…………………………. 32 Themes Represented in Participant Interviews……………………………………. 34 Participants‘ General Health Behaviors…………………………………… . 34 Participants‘ Behaviors to Reduce Injecting-Related Risks………………. 35 Participants‘ Reported Barriers to Utilizing Test Shots…………………… 35 Participants‘ Self-Reported Barriers to Skin Cleaning…………………….. 36 DISCUSSION……….. .......................................................................................................... 37 REFERENCES……….. ........................................................................................................ 45 APPENDIX A. CONSENT FORM……. ............................................................................. 50 APPENDIX B. MEASURES……….. .................................................................................. 52 APPENDIX C. BACKGROUND INFORMATION……………………………………. ... 63 APPENDIX D. INTERVIEW QUESTIONS……………………………………. .............. 68 Health Beliefs and Harm Reduction vii LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Characteristics of Participants.................................................................................... 69 2 Participants‘ Drug Use History .................................................................................. 72 3 Participants‘ Mean Scores on and Scale Reliabilities for HR-HBQ Subscales ......... 76 4 Intercorrelations Among HR-HBQ Subscales ........................................................... 77 5 Linear Regression Analyses Predicting Intentions to Engage in Test Shots when in Withdrawal and Not in Withdrawal…………………………………………. 78 6 Linear Regression Analyses Predicting Intentions to Engage in Test Shots when With Others and Alone ........................................................................................ 79 7 Linear Regression Analyses Predicting Intentions to Clean Skin When in Withdrawal and Not in Withdrawal ..................................................................... 80 8 Linear Regression Analyses Predicting Intentions to Clean Skin When With Others and Alone ................................................................................................. 81 9 Themes Represented in Participants‘ Responses to Interview Health Question….. 82 10 Themes Represented in Participants‘ Responses to Interview Injection Safety Question………………………………………………………………… ........... 85 11 Themes Represented in Participants‘ Responses to Interview Test Shot Barriers Question…………………………………………………………………………. 88 12 Themes Represented in Participants‘ Responses to Interview Skin Cleaning Barriers Question………………………………………………………………… 91 Health Beliefs and Harm Reduction 1 INTRODUCTION The 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2008) reported that 9% (i.e., over 22 million) of the United States population aged 12 or older could be classified as abusing or dependent on substances during the previous year. Of those with diagnosable substance use disorders, a proportionally small, but numerically large, number inject drugs. A recent review of epidemiological studies reported that the estimated population prevalence of injecting drug use among individuals aged 15 to 64 in the United States was approximately 0.67% to 1.34% in 2002 (Mathers, Degenhardt, Phillips, Wiessing, Hickman, Strathdee, et al., 2008). Mathers and colleagues (2008) estimated that approximately 16 million individuals inject drugs worldwide. Substance abuse and dependence are expensive and debilitating problems in the United States and around the world that not only harm the drug user‘s health,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Theory-Based Predictors of Influenza Vaccination Among Pregnant Women
    Vaccine 31 (2012) 213–218 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Vaccine jou rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/vaccine Theory-based predictors of influenza vaccination among pregnant women a b c d,∗ Jessica R. Gorman , Noel T. Brewer , Julie B. Wang , Christina D. Chambers a Moores UCSD Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States b Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States c Moores UCSD Cancer Center and Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health at San Diego State University and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States d Departments of Pediatrics and Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Background: Guidelines recommend influenza vaccination for pregnant women, but vaccine uptake in this Received 16 July 2012 population is far below the goal set by Healthy People 2020. The purpose of this study was to examine Received in revised form 17 October 2012 predictors of seasonal influenza vaccination among pregnant women. Accepted 18 October 2012 Methods: Between 2009 and 2012, the Vaccines and Medications in Pregnancy Surveillance System Available online 30 October 2012 (VAMPSS) conducted a prospective cohort study of influenza vaccine safety among pregnant women in the US and Canada that oversampled vaccinated women. Data for the present paper are from an addi- Keywords: tional cross-sectional telephone survey completed during the 2010–2011 influenza season.
    [Show full text]
  • Theory at a Glance Was Published
    Theory Glance at a A Guide For Health Promotion Practice (Second Edition) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health Foreword decade ago, the first edition of Theory at a Glance was published. The guide was a welcome resource for public health practitioners seeking a single, concise summary of health behavior theories that was neither overwhelming nor superficial. As a government publication in the public domain, it also provided cash-strapped Ahealth departments with access to a seminal integration of scholarly work that was useful to program staff, interns, and directors alike. Although they were not the primary target audience, members of the public health research community also utilized Theory at a Glance, both as a quick desk reference and as a primer for their students. The National Cancer Institute is pleased to sponsor the publication of this guide, but its relevance is by no means limited to cancer prevention and control. The principles described herein can serve as frameworks for many domains of public health intervention, complementing focused evidence reviews such as Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Guide to Community Preventive Services. This report also complements a number of other efforts by NCI and our federal partners to facilitate more rigorous testing and application of health behavior theories through training workshops and the development of new Web-based resources. One reason theory is so useful is that it helps us articulate assumptions and hypotheses concerning our strategies and targets of intervention. Debates among policymakers concerning public health programs are often complicated by unspoken assumptions or confusion about which data are relevant.
    [Show full text]
  • Perceived Benefits Matter the Most in COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Perceived Benefits Matter the Most in COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors: Empirical Evidence from Okara District, Pakistan Gulzar H. Shah 1,* , Ansar Ali Faraz 2, Hina Khan 2 and Kristie C. Waterfield 1 1 Department of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA; kwaterfi[email protected] 2 Department of Statistics, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan; [email protected] (A.A.F.); [email protected] (H.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-912-478-2419 Abstract: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has affected the social determinants of health, worsening health inequities and deteriorating healthcare capacities around the globe. The objective of this study is to investigate the COVID-19 prevention behaviors within the framework of the Health Belief Model in the city of Depalpur in the Okara District of Pakistan in May 2020. Using an observational, cross-sectional, and quantitative study design, a face- to-face field survey was conducted during the epidemic of COVID-19 in district Okara, Pakistan. A sample of 500 adults was selected from the city of Depalpur the in Okara district of Pakistan, using a two-stage sampling design with cluster sampling in stage one and systematic random sampling at stage two. A COVID-19 prevention behavior scale was computed based on twelve dichotomous items. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and negative binomial regression analyses were Citation: Shah, G.H.; Faraz, A.A.; performed.
    [Show full text]
  • Addressing the Justifications for Vaccine Denial and Applying The
    University of Northern Iowa UNI ScholarWorks Honors Program Theses Honors Program 2016 A healthy herd: addressing the justifications for accinev denial and applying the health belief model to the current anti- vaccination movement Sarah L. McHugh University of Northern Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©2016 Sarah L. McHugh Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/hpt Part of the Infectious Disease Commons, and the Preventive Medicine Commons Recommended Citation McHugh, Sarah L., "A healthy herd: addressing the justifications for accinev denial and applying the health belief model to the current anti-vaccination movement" (2016). Honors Program Theses. 225. https://scholarworks.uni.edu/hpt/225 This Open Access Honors Program Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Program Theses by an authorized administrator of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A HEALTHY HERD: ADDRESSING THE JUSTIFICATIONS FOR VACCINE DENIAL AND APPLYING THE HEALTH BELIEF MODEL TO THE CURRENT ANTI- VACCINATION MOVEMENT A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Designation University Honors with Distinction Sarah L. McHugh University of Northern Iowa May 2016 This Study by: Sarah L. McHugh Entitled: A Healthy Herd: Addressing the Justifications for Vaccine Denial and Applying the Health Belief Model to the Current Anti-vaccination Movement has been approved as meeting the thesis or project requirement for the Designation University Honors with Distinction __________ ______________________________________________________ Date Dr. Thomas Davis, Honors Thesis Advisor, Division of Health Promotion and Education, School of Health, Physical Education and Leisure Services __________ ______________________________________________________ Date Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Effectiveness of Health Belief Model Based Educational Intervention On
    Effectiveness of Health Belief Model Based Educational Intervention on Osteoporosis Among Female Academician in Universiti Putra Malaysia Amin, Samia; Hejar, Abdul Rahman; Suriani, Ismail & Abidin, Emilia Zainal Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia INTRODUCTION INTERVENTION MODULE RESULTS RESULTS § Osteoporosis is a global health problem which not Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale Table1: Osteoporosis knowledge, belief and self-efficacy among intervention and control only causes increase economic burden, but also group in baseline, immediately, one month and three months after intervention leads to social, physical and psychological No significant differences were found between intervention and control groups on consequences. Worldwide osteoporosis causes osteoporosis belief at baseline but there was a significant change between pre-test and more than 8.9 million fractures annually, resulting post-test belief score immediately after educational intervention. in an osteoporotic fracture every 3 seconds. § Women employees who are involved with sedentary work for long term especially is very prone to develop low peak bone mass which is independent risk factor for osteoporosis and fragile fracture. Figure 1: Problem statement of the study OBJECTIVES Figure 3: Concept map of intervention module of educational booklet for osteoporosis based on Health Belief Model Table 2: Within group comparison of osteoporosis total knowledge, belief and self-efficacy The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the effect of an educational intervention DATA COLLECTION TOOL using GLM repeated measure based on Health Belief Model to improve knowledge, beliefs and self-efficacy regarding osteoporosis. § Osteoporosis Knowledge Test (OKT): 32 items tool consisting of multiple choice questions Figure 5:Comparison of changes in the mean total belief score regarding knowledge or facts on osteoporosis.
    [Show full text]
  • What Predicts COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Better Among the Bangladeshi Adults?
    medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.19.21255578; this version posted April 23, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license . Health Belief, Planned Behavior, or Psychological Antecedents: What predicts COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy better among the Bangladeshi Adults? Mohammad Bellal Hossain1*, Md. Zakiul Alam1, Md. Syful Islam2, Shafayat Sultan1, Md. Mahir Faysal1, Sharmin Rima3, Md. Anwer Hossain1, Abdullah Al Mamun1 ABSTRACT Background This study aimed to determine the prevalence and investigate the constellations of psychological determinants of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the Bangladeshi adult population utilizing the health belief model-HBM (perceived susceptibility to and severity of COVID-19, perceived benefits of and barriers to COVID-19 vaccination, and cues to action), the theory of planned behavior-TPB (attitude toward COVId-19 vaccine, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and anticipated regret), and the novel 5C psychological antecedents (confidence, constraints, complacency, calculation, and collective responsibility). We compared the predictability of these theoretical frameworks to see which framework explains the highest variance in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Methods This study adopted a cross-sectional research design. We collected data from a nationally representative sample of 1497 respondents through both online and face-to-face interviews. We employed multiple linear regression analysis to assess the predictability of each model of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Results We found a 41.1% prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among our study respondents.
    [Show full text]
  • 8. Quitting Smoking and Beating Nicotine Addiction
    Quitting Gender, Women, and the Tobacco Epidemic 8. Quitting Smoking Th e importance of cessation is recognized in the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO and Beating Nicotine FCTC).7 Article 14 of the WHO FCTC encourages Addiction Parties to implement demand-reduction measures concerning tobacco dependence and cessation, including Introduction implementing eff ective cessation programmes and providing counselling services. Cessation of tobacco use by women worldwide must become an urgent priority to reduce the devastating Nearly 9 out of 10 smokers in four eff ects of tobacco on the health of women and their children. Despite the warnings and known dangers countries—Canada, the United of cigarette smoking and use of other tobacco prod- ucts, over 5 million deaths annually are attributable to Kingdom, Australia, and the United tobacco, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).1 When tobacco use was predominantly a male States—say they regret smoking. behaviour, most of the burden of death and disability attributable to smoking fell on male smokers, as large numbers of men died of lung cancer, pulmonary and car- Tobacco use worldwide diff ers by gender in important diovascular disease, and other tobacco-related diseases. ways. Prevalence rates of smoking among men have However, the increase in women smokers over the past remained steady or have declined, while rates among 30 years has made the long-term health consequences women and girls have increased.4,8–10 Th us, smoking of smoking for women increasingly evident. As noted cessation among women is a major target of tobacco already in this monograph, lung cancer has become a control and needs to be an essential component of a signifi cant cause of death for women worldwide and has comprehensive tobacco control programme in every become the leading cause of cancer death for women in country.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture Outline Health Belief Model
    8/24/2012 HSC4211 Health, Behavior and Society Lecture Outline o Individual (Intrapersonal) level theories Theories and Concepts in Public Health o Interpersonal level theory Part 2 o Community level theory Individual (Intrapersonal) level theories Individual (Intrapersonal) level theories o Health Belief Model (HBM) o Health Belief Model (HBM) - Developed in 1950’s by social psychologists o Transtheoretical Model (TTM) – Stages of Change - Value-expectancy theory - Main constructs o Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) Construct Definition Perceived susceptibility feeling about the chances of experiencing a risk Perceived severity belief about how serious a condition is and what its consequences are Perceived benefits beliefs about benefits of the advised action Perceived barriers beliefs about negative aspects of the advised action cues to action Factors that activate “readiness to change” self-efficacy confidence in one’s ability to take action Individual (Intrapersonal) level theories Health Belief Model o Health Belief Model (HBM) Individual Perceptions Modifying Factors Likelihood of Action - Main concepts and its application (TSE) Age, sex, ethnicity Perceived benefits Concept Measurement example Personality minus perceived Perceived My chances of getting testicular cancer are great if I fail to Socioeconomics barriers to behavior susceptibility perform testicular self-examination Knowledge change Perceived severity The thought of testicular cancer scares me Perceived benefits I have a lot to gain by doing testicular self-examinations Perceived Perceived threat of Likelihood of behavior severity/susceptibility disease change Perceived barriers Testicular self-examinations can be painful of disease cues to action Campaigns (e.g. posters, media -press, TV, radio etc) prompted me to do testicular self-examination.
    [Show full text]
  • Application of the Health Belief Model -Based Educational Intervention on Hand Hygiene Performance of Intensive Care Units' Nurses
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing www.iiste.org ISSN 2422-8419 An International Peer-reviewed Journal Vol.47, 2018 Application of the Health Belief Model -Based Educational Intervention on Hand Hygiene Performance of Intensive Care Units' Nurses Om Ibrahim Ali Elmelegy 1 Nagafa Hafez El Mahdy 2 Hend Mohamed Elazazy 1,3 1.Assist Prof, Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Tanta University, Egypt 2.Lecturer of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Tanta University, Egypt 3.Assist Prof, Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, KSAU, SA Abstract Background : Practicing hand hygiene is a simple yet effective way to prevent infections. Cleaning hands can prevent the spread of germs, including those resistant to antibiotics and are becoming difficult, if not impossible, to treat. On average, healthcare providers clean their hands less than half of the times they should. Aim of the study : This study aimed to apply the health belief model based educational intervention on hand hygiene performance among nurses working in adults and pediatric intensive care units. Materials and methods : A quasi experimental research design was used in this study. The study was conducted at pediatric and adult intensive care unit; at Tanta University Hospital. All available nurses 262who are working in the previously mentioned settings as the following: 118 nurses working in pediatric intensive care unit nurse and 144nurse working in adult intensive care unit. Tools of the study : Four tools were used to collect the data Tool I: Nurses' knowledge regarding Hand Hygiene Structured Questionnaire: it consisted of two parts: Part1 : Socio demographic data of the nurses Part II : Nurses' Knowledge Regarding Hand Hygiene Performance.
    [Show full text]
  • A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of a Peer-Led Theory-Based Intervention in Promoting Healthy Oral Behaviours Among Adolescents in Hong Kong
    STUDY PROTOCOL a) Title: A randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of a peer-led theory-based intervention in promoting healthy oral behaviours among adolescents in Hong Kong b) Introduction: Poor oral health leads to poor general health and well-being Oral diseases draw much attention from researchers, health professions, and policy makers recently. Poor oral health has a profound effect on general health [1]. Oral disease has become one of the most common non-communicable diseases, as they affect people throughout their lifetime, causing pain, distress, and even death. Moreover, the oral disease has negative social impacts (e.g., stigma and social isolation [2]) and adverse consequences on quality of life [3], while their treatment places a considerable economic burden on individuals, communities, and countries. Investments in adolescent’s oral health bring substantial and sustainable effects Oral health programs targeting adolescents can produce substantial and sustainable effects. Adolescence, as a transitional stage from children to adult, is a critical period to establish personality, develop knowledge/skills, and form healthy behaviour [4]. Thus, intervening in this critical period can produce substantial effects. In addition, investments in adolescent’s health bring triple effects; as these investments protect the health of adolescents themselves at now, prevent health problems in their adulthood, and lay the foundations for their offspring’s health in the future. Therefore, implementing interventions addressing determinants of healthy oral behaviours among adolescents has significant public health implications. Hong Kong adolescents are vulnerable to oral disease Hong Kong (HK) adolescents are especially vulnerable to oral diseases due to unmet service needs and unsatisfactory oral behaviours.
    [Show full text]
  • Using the Health Belief Model to Determine Differences in University Foodservice Employees' Beliefs and Perceptions About Handwashing and Foodborne Illness
    USING THE HEALTH BELIEF MODEL TO DETERMINE DIFFERENCES IN UNIVERSITY FOODSERVICE EMPLOYEES' BELIEFS AND PERCEPTIONS ABOUT HANDWASHING AND FOODBORNE ILLNESS by BECKY J BOLTE B.A., WICHITA STATE UNIVERSITY, 1992 A THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Hospitality Management and Dietetics College of Human Ecology KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2013 Approved by: Major Professor Dr. Elizabeth B. Barrett Copyright BECKY J BOLTE 2013 Abstract The Centers for Disease Control estimates that each year 48 million Americans become ill, 128,000 are hospitalized, and 3,000 die of foodborne diseases. In 2011, the CDC reported that Norovirus caused the majority of all foodborne diseases and can be eliminated with proper handwashing, which is the number one way to prevent the spread of foodborne disease. The purpose of this study was to use the Health Belief Model to determine differences in university foodservice employees’ beliefs and perceptions about handwashing and foodborne illness. The constructs of perceived susceptiblity, severity, barriers, benefits, and self-efficacy as they relate to handwashing were used to examine the differences in demographics. Instrument development included a review of literature, focus group feedback, a pilot study and a review by industry experts. The final instrument was distributed to all foodservice employees at Kansas State University using Qualtrics and pen-and-paper surveys. Frequencies, means, t-tests, ANOVA, and regression were used for data analysis and to answer research questions. Results indicated respondents who were older (above 23 years of age), full-time employees, had more than three years of experience, and were food safety certified had a higher perception of susceptibility, benefits, and self-efficacy of handwashing and its relationship to reducing foodborne illness.
    [Show full text]
  • Threat Perception As a Determinant of Pro-Environmental Behaviors: Public Involvement in Air Pollution Abatement in Cache Valley, Utah
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 12-2008 Threat Perception as a Determinant of Pro-Environmental Behaviors: Public Involvement in Air Pollution Abatement in Cache Valley, Utah Joshua D. Marquit Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons, Other Medicine and Health Sciences Commons, Psychology Commons, and the Public Health Commons Recommended Citation Marquit, Joshua D., "Threat Perception as a Determinant of Pro-Environmental Behaviors: Public Involvement in Air Pollution Abatement in Cache Valley, Utah" (2008). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 188. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/188 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THREAT PERCEPTION AS A DETERMINANT OF PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIORS: PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT IN AIR POLLUTION ABATEMENT IN CACHE VALLEY, UTAH by Joshua D. Marquit A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Psychology Approved: Scott C. Bates, Ph.D. Kerstin Schroder, Ph.D. Major Professor Committee Member Edward H. Redd, M.D. Byron R. Burnham, Ed. D. Committee Member Dean of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2008 ii Copyright © Joshua D. Marquit 2008 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Threat Perception as a Determinant of Pro-Environmental Behaviors: Public Involvement in Air Pollution Abatement in Cache Valley, Utah by Joshua D.
    [Show full text]