Winter 2018 newsletter

Expanding Perspectives in the Flow Country ifty participants from across the UK and from peatlands; measures of water quality; beyond gathered in Thurso to discuss studies of carbon stocks and pollen grains; the latest advances in peatland research and even distribution and movement of meso- F th when the ERI hosted the 5 “Research in the predators in peatlands undergoing forest-to-bog Flow Country” Conference, under the theme restoration. “Expanding Perspectives”. The keynote speaker was Professor Nigel Roulet The Flow Country Research Conference, which from McGill University in Canada. He provided takes place every 18 months, provides a unique insightful discussions on the opportunities opportunity for researchers, land managers and generated by the long-term collaborative research stakeholders to exchange and share knowledge. projects such as those being developed in the It also plays an essential role in generating new Flow Country and coordinated by Dr Roxane ideas for future work. Andersen, ERI’s lead peatland scientist. The conference programme, held at the The conference awards for best student Merlin Cinema and at North Highland College, presentation went to Iain Detrey (UHI) for his comprised scientific talks covering topics talk on long-term peat storage in purpose built including greenhouse gas emissions estimates stores in Shetland, and the award for the best Continued on page 2 1 Continued from page 1

poster went to Henk Pieter Sterk (UHI) who was map generated by an InSAR ground motion introducing the use of unmanned aerial vehicles time-series to assess how areas of peatlands (UAVs) to estimate greenhouse gas emissions across the Flow Country varied in their condition from peatlands. from near natural to severely degraded, which generated a lot of enthusiasm. As part of the conference, a special workshop session was organised to share the recent On the last day of the programme the sun was development of a NERC-funded project using shining as participants headed out to Plantlife’s satellite-derived inferometric synthetic aperture Munsary Peatlands for demonstrations on a radar (InSAR) to assess peatland condition, jointly range of fieldwork techniques used by the ERI’s developed by the University of Nottingham, the peatland team. ERI and the University of Glasgow. Conference For more information contact participants were able to learn how to use a [email protected]

2 Creating new fertilizer products from wastewater Phosphorous (P) is an essential macroelement, but too much of this in aquatic ecosystems can lead to a deterioration in water quality and eutrophication. P removal and recovery from wastewater, through the sorption of P onto natural waste material, may provide a beneficial solution. Ideally, this would bea low-cost solution that would create a P-rich material (low in other adsorbed contaminants) for direct use in agriculture as a fertilizer. ERI, as a partner in the EU Phos4You project is now working on small scale solutions for remote, rural and island areas. In partnership with Veolia, ERI will test a FiltraPHOS™ unit A chitin and calcium rich sorbent produced for use on small discharges (i.e. septic tanks) to from crab carapace will be tested first. Crab help reduce diffuse phosphorus pollution (see carapace (Cancer pagurus), a waste by-product figure below). FiltraPHOS™ employs enhanced from the seafood industry, is generated in gravitational filtration through a granular millions of tons annually in Scotland and large media with continuous self-backwashing. quantities are simply discarded (i.e. to landfill). Therefore, a feasible approach may be to add Locally sourced materials will be used as value to this solid waste – turning it into a high the sorbents. After filtration, the sorbents value-added product for use in agriculture. containing the recovered P can hopefully The crab carapace will be prepared using a be applied directly to land, as a granular- low temperature activation process involving powder soil conditioner and fertilizer (rich potassium hydroxide as the activating agent. in other beneficial components i.e. CaCO3). Another significant ERI contribution to this project will involve the quality assessment of the new fertilizer materials. This will assess if other (potentially undesirable) organic/ inorganic contaminants are also present in any new products. If this is the case, ERI will work to assess if crops could actually take up such contaminants, i.e., are they “bioavailable”, and could this pose any risks to potential consumers? For more information contact [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

FiltraPHOS™ unit provided by Veolia

3 Scottish Gannets and nest incorportion of plastic

Gannet nests at Hermaness, mainly netting plus one orange balloon During May, seabird ecologist Nina O’Hanlon Foula, 20 miles west of the Shetland mainland. visited several seabird colonies to collect data on Fortunately, no plastic was observed in debris incorporated into seabird nests, focusing the Kittiwake nests on Shetland or Orkney. on the Northern Gannet. The first site visited was Troup Head, Banff. Nina then headed over on the The data collected during this fieldwork will be Northlink ferry to the Shetland gannetries (Fair collated with that collected by many fantastic Isle, Noss, Foula and Hermaness), returning back people across the UK who are also working on to Thurso via Noup Head on Westray, Orkney. this issue. A massive thank you to everyone who has sent in / collected data so far! This will allow In all six gannetries, nest incorporation of us to build up a picture of how nest incorporation plastic debris was recorded. The majority of debris may vary between colonies. of items were netting and rope, however packaging straps, plastic bags and balloons For more information contact were also noted. Plastic was also observed [email protected] in several Shag nests on the remote island of Blue Circular Economy Following the success of Circular Ocean, the entanglement and nest incorporation of which ended recently, ERI are delighted to marine species across the region. This will be involved in a new Northern Periphery expand on recent work monitoring the extent and Arctic (NPA) programme project of nest incorporation by seabirds in the UK. to support the reuse and recycling of fishing gear - Blue Circular Economy. For more information contact [email protected] Marine debris pollution is a recognised global environmental issue, with lost fishing gear making a substantial contribution. Blue Circular Economy will help small and medium-sized enterprises within the NPA region to exploit the economic value of ‘waste’ fishing nets and ropes following a sustainable, circular approach. This project is led by Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), with partners from England, Greenland, Iceland, Ireland, Norway and Scotland. ERI staff will lead work The first meeting of Blue Circular Economy on the ecological impact of marine debris took place in Alesund, Norway - Nina with a particular focus on seabirds. Over the O’Hanlon, ERI is standing fourth from left. course of the project, an interactive hotspot map will be developed to monitor and quantify

4 REGINA Project Completed!

esearchers from ERI joined colleagues ERI led the development of the Local Benefit from across the NPA programme area in Analysis Toolbox (LBAT), one of three planning RRovaniemi, Finland for the REGINA project’s tools. The LBAT guides the development of final conference which saw the launch of a new strategies for adapting the labour force to learning platform with development tools for local new challenges, supporting new business planners and policymakers. The platform aims development and local entrepreneurship in the to empower small communities with resource- industrial supply chain. based economies to optimise benefits from big socioeconomic changes. Magnus Davidson introduced the toolbox to delegates and explored how it worked in practice This project started in 2015, involved six Nordic in the Norwegian municipality of Brønnøy. Magnus Arctic municipalities and six knowledge partners also explained the role of ERI in the development including ERI. Highland and Islands Enterprise and application of the Demographic Foresight were involved as an associated partner. Model in modelling population change in the far north of Scotland from the decommissioning of REGINA has helped partners create Local Smart the Dounreay Fast Reactor Research Site. Specialisation Strategies in their respective communities. These were adapted from the The conference in Rovaniemi was attended by mainstream practice of European Regional nearly 100 key stakeholders, representing all the Smart Specialisation to the needs of smaller participating countries and partners. communities in sparsely populated areas. The project handbook and project outputs can be Partners developed a series of tools and overall found at: www.reginaproject.eu analytic framework to help reduce vulnerability and increase the preparedness of small communities For more information contact in remote areas of the Nordic Arctic and Scotland [email protected] that are facing the development (or closing-down) of large-scale, resource-based industries.

REGINA Local Smart Specialisation Framework

5 Delegates from China and Japan join NHC staff outside the Centre for Energy and Environment

Organised by Perth College UHI, the visitors were Chinese and in Scotland as part of a Research Collaboration and Academic Exchange Programme for Japanese Academics Advanced Renewable Engineering. They also spent time at Lews Castle College and in Perth. converge in Thurso While in the highlands, they visited various renewable engineering projects such as MeyGen, Scientists from Japan and China recently Nigg Energy Park and observed offshore visited Thurso to collaborate with environmental construction activities for Beatrice Offshore Wind. researchers and engineering professionals as part of academic exchange projects. Assistant Director for Learning and Teaching and Department Head for Engineering and Technology The ERI welcomed the scientists from the and the Built Environment, Alan Ogg said, “This Wild Bird Society of Japan, the University of was a fantastic staff development opportunity Hokkaido and the Nature Conservation Society for the Hunan Institute of Engineering Creative of Japan. Research fellow, Dr Elizabeth Masden, Centre for Offshore Wind Power, to witness first- spearheaded the exchange and shared ERI’s hand, the construction activities involved in the leading research on the impacts of wind farms Beatrice Off-Shore Wind farm.” and marine plastic litter on birds. Alan continued, “It was also an exciting opportunity Dr Elizabeth Masden said, “It was a great for North Highland College UHI Engineering opportunity to discuss environmental issues teaching staff to engage with their counterparts which are relevant both to Scotland and Japan from China and to demonstrate the innovative and I’m positive about future collaboration teaching methods using various technologies, opportunities. Wind energy is rapidly expanding software and equipment. We now have a member in Japan and our visitors were keen to learn of staff teaching the Hunan students in China and about the situation in Scotland and the UK in we hope to build on this partnership”. terms of assessing potential cumulative impacts of increasing numbers of developments.” For more information contact On the same day, the North Highland College’s Engineering, Technology and Energy Centre [email protected] (ETEC) welcomed eleven engineers from [email protected] the Hunan Institute of Engineering in China. 6 New faces @ Hi, I am James, a new PhD vehicles (UAVs) to achieve James Slingsby student in ERI. In 2017, I this, with the potential to create finished my undergraduate algorithms that would allow for PhD Student master’s degree at Bangor the automated detection of both University, North Wales. My animals and hydrodynamic master’s project focussed on features. investigating fine scale harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) I have recently moved into behaviour, within a tidal-stream Halkirk, with my girlfriend, having habitat, using acoustic data. migrated from the foothills of This followed on from my third Snowdonia in North Wales. I year dissertation, which also enjoy an eclectic mix of pastimes used acoustic data to examine that range from tabletop/video porpoise foraging in high-energy gaming, to surfing and hiking. areas. I am very excited to explore Thurso, and the surrounding As part of ERI, I will undertake areas, in addition to becoming a Bryden Centre PhD project, a part of such a knowledgeable funded by INTERREG, which and diverse research team. will investigate top predator distribution and behaviour For more information contact within tidal-stream habitats. [email protected] My project will explore the viability of unmanned aerial

After undertaking undergraduate University Belfast, the RSPB, Natalie Isaksson education at Boston College and Marine Scotland, the (USA) to become a lab rat, project will make use of existing PhD Student I realised I wanted to spend tracking data on diving seabirds more time outdoors and so and newly collected local data pursued a masters degree on black guillemot movement in animal ecology and ecology to assess how seabirds conservation biology at Lund are and may become impacted University, Sweden. While by tidal-stream turbines. I very there I grew to appreciate much look forward to contributing seabirds and went on to work to applied research, hanging for BirdLife Sweden and their with seabirds at remote island conservation projects focused locations, and not least sampling on Baltic Sea Caspian terns Scottish nature and beverages. and lesser black-backed gulls. For more information contact I joined ERI in October as [email protected] a PhD student working on the project: Use of tidal flow areas by seabirds and the potential interactions with tidal stream renewable energy. In collaboration with Queens

7 Publications Adamović, D., Dorić, J., Vojinović Miloradov, M., Adamović, S., Pap, S., Radonić, J. & Turk Sekulić, M. (2018). The emission of BTEX compounds during movement of passenger car in accordance with the NEDC. Science of the Total Environment. 639, p. 339-349. Andersen, R., Cowie, N., Payne, R. J. & Subke, J-A. (2018). The Flow Country peatlands of Scotland: FOREWORD Mires and Peat, 23, p. 1-2. Bravo, A. G., Kothawala, D. N., Attermeyer, K., Tessier, E., Bodmer, P., Ledesma, J. L., Audet, J., Casas-Ruiz, J. P., Catalán, N., Cauvy-Fraunié, S., Colls, M., Deininger, A., Evtimova, V. V., Fonvielle, J. A., Fuß, T., Gilbert, P., Herrero Ortega, S., Liu, L., Mendoza-Lera, C., Monteiro, J., Mor, J-R., Nagler, M., Niedrist, G. H., Nydahl, A. C., Pastor, A., Pegg, J., Roberts, C. G., Pilotto, F., Portela, A. P., Gonzalez-Quijano, C. R., Romero, F., Rulik, M. & Amouroux, D. (2018). The interplay between total mercury, methylmercury and dissolved organic matter in fluvial systems: A latitudinal study across Europe. Water Research. 144, p. 172-182. Goddijn-Murphy, L. M. & Dufaur, J. (2018). Proof of concept for a model of light reflectance of plastics floating on natural waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 135, p 1145-1157. Henson, S., Humphreys, M., Land, P. E., Shutler, J. D., Goddijn-Murphy, L. & Warren, M. (2018)

Controls on open ocean North Atlantic ΔpCO2 at seasonal and interannual timescales are different. Geophysical Research Letters. 45, 17, p. 9067–9076. May, R., Masden, E., Bennet, F. & Perron, M. (2018). Considerations for upscaling individual effects of wind energy development towards population-level impacts on wildlife. Journal of Environmental Management. 230, p. 84-93. O’Hanlon, N. J. & Nager, R. (2018). Identifying habitat-driven spatial variation in colony size of Herring Gulls Larus argentatus. Bird Study. 65, 3, p. 306-316. Pap, S., Bezanovic, V., Radonic, J., Babic, A., Saric, S., Adamovic, D. & Turk Sekulic, M. (2018). Synthesis of highly-efficient functionalized biochars from fruit industry waste biomass for the removal of chromium and lead. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 268, p. 315-325. Rae, I. B., Pap, S., Svobodova, D. & Gibb, S. W. (2018). Comparison of sustainable biosorbents and ion-exchange resins to remove Sr2+ from simulant nuclear wastewater: Batch, dynamic and mechanism studies. Science of the Total Environment. 650, p. 2411-2422. Ratcliffe, J. L., Payne, R. J., Sloan, T., Smith, B., Waldron, S., Mauquoy, D., Newton, A., Henderson, A. & Andersen, R. (2018). Holocene carbon accumulation in the peatlands of northern Scotland. Mires and Peat, 23, p. 1-30. Sloan, T., Payne, R. J., Bain, C., Chapman, S. J., Cowie, N., Gilbert, P., Lindsay, R., Mauquoy, D., Newton, A. & Andersen, R. (2018). Peatland afforestation in the UK and consequences for carbon storage. Mires and Peat, 23, p. 1-17. To subscribe / unsubscribe to ERI Newsletter please contact [email protected]

environmental research from a new perspective

Castle Street, Centre for Energy & Environment, Thurso, North Highland College UHI, Thurso, Caithness, Caithness, KW14 7JD, Scotland KW14 7EE, Scotland

Tel: +44 (0) 1847 889589 Tel: +44 (0) 1847 889000 Fax: +44 (0) 1847 890014 Fax: +44 (0) 1847 889001 Email: [email protected] Web: www.eri.ac.uk

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