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Charcoal Identification with 3D-Reflected Light Microscopy-Techniques Valentina Zemke ¹ ², Volker Haag¹, PD Dr

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Charcoal Identification with 3D-Reflected Light Microscopy-Techniques Valentina Zemke ¹ ², Volker Haag¹, PD Dr Charcoal Identification with 3D-reflected light microscopy-techniques Valentina Zemke ¹ ², Volker Haag¹, PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch ¹ Thünen Institute of Wood Research¹ Scholarship holder of the German Federal Environmental Foundation / DBU ² SlideWorld 0 Wood DayValentina Symposium Zemke, Volker Haag, PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch 21.03.201921.03.2019 2019 World Wood Day Symposium The situation of the worldwide charcoal trade Gilles Paire - stock.adobe.com Pawel Opaska - stock.adobe.com • 2.7 billion people need charcoal for cooking and heating • 17 % of the world´s wood consumption are used for charcoal production • About 800 000 tons of charcoal were used for barbecues in Europe Slide 1 Valentina Zemke, Volker Haag, PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch 21.03.2019 2019 World Wood Day Symposium The situation of the worldwide charcoal trade leiana - stock.adobe.com Where does our charcoal come from? Slide 2 Valentina Zemke, Volker Haag, PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch 21.03.2019 2019 World Wood Day Symposium The situation of the worldwide charcoal trade (globalforestwatch.org) Deforestation in the Paraguayan Chaco, from Global Forest Watch Slide 3 Valentina Zemke, Volker Haag, PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch 21.03.2019 2019 World Wood Day Symposium Charcoal production in Teniente Ochoa (Paraguay) Slide 4 Valentina Zemke, Volker Haag, PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch 21.03.2019 2019 World Wood Day Symposium German media - Focus on charcoal Holzzentralblatt, 2017 Neue Osnabrücker Zeitung, 2018 Federal Ministry of Food and ZDF Frontal, 2017 Agriculture 2016 3 SAT, 2017 Slide 5 Valentina Zemke, Volker Haag, PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch 21.03.2019 2019 World Wood Day Symposium Subjects of the project • Identification of internationally traded charcoal • Carbonization experiments – Examination of the anatomic structure of charcoal • Documentation of references for the determination of tropical and subtropical wood species in charcoal • Consumer protection • Development of due diligence systems (EUTR) Slide 6 Valentina Zemke, Volker Haag, PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch 21.03.2019 2019 World Wood Day Symposium Methodology Charcoal identification with 3D-reflected light microscopy-techniques scan level 1 Microscopic section scan level 2 Quercus sp. (White Oak) 3 D 2 D Slide 7 Valentina Zemke, Volker Haag, PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch 21.03.2019 2019 World Wood Day Symposium Wood identification of charcoal – Microscopic analyses References from vouchered species . Microscopic identification of ash (Fraxinus sp. / OLEACEAE) in charcoal Slide 8 Valentina Zemke, Volker Haag, PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch 21.03.2019 2019 World Wood Day Symposium Wood identification of charcoal – Microscopic analyses References from vouchered species . Microscopic identification of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus / BETULACEAE) in charcoal Slide 9 Valentina Zemke, Volker Haag, PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch 21.03.2019 2019 World Wood Day Symposium Wood identification of charcoal – European hardwoods Botanical name / Family Trade name Fagus sylvatica / FAGACEAE beech Quercus spp. / FAGACEAE oak Populus spp. / SALICACEAE poplar Betula spp. / BETULACEAE birch Alnus spp. / BETULACEAE alder Carpinus betulus / BETULACEAE hornbeam Acer spp. / SAPINDACEAE maple Robinia pseudoacacia / FABACEAE- FABOIDEAE black locust Ulmus spp. / ULMACEAE elm Fraxinus spp. / OLEACEAE ash Prunus spp. / ROSACEAE cherry Taxa regularly identified in European charcoal/briquettes Slide 10 Valentina Zemke, Volker Haag, PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch 21.03.2019 2019 World Wood Day Symposium Carbonization of certain wood samples under traditional conditions in Peru Slide 11 Valentina Zemke, Volker Haag, PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch 21.03.2019 2019 World Wood Day Symposium Charcoal identification Structural analysis of wood anatomical features . Microscopic identification of Afzelia, doussié (Afzelia sp. FABACEAE-CAESALPINIOIDEAE) Slide 12 Valentina Zemke, Volker Haag, PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch 21.03.2019 2019 World Wood Day Symposium Charcoal identification Structural analysis of wood anatomical features Axial parenchyma aliform Rays composed of a single type (homocellular) Solid Wood Charcoal Ø tangential vessel diameter >100 210.4 µm 167.5 µm Ø intervessel pit diameter (vertical) 6.0 µm 5.0 µm >100 Ø tangential fibres diameter >100 17.9 µm 16.2 µm Ø tangential fibre diameter of lumina 14.1 µm 13,7 µm >50 Widht of rays (µm) >100 47,5 µm 42,7 µm Ray height (µm) >100 266,5 µm 250,2 µm . Microscopic identification of Afzelia, doussié (Afzelia sp. FABACEAE-CAESALPINIOIDEAE) Slide 13 Valentina Zemke, Volker Haag, PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch 21.03.2019 2019 World Wood Day Symposium Wood identification of charcoal – Tropical hardwoods Botanical family / genus SAPOTACEAE Pouteria spp. / Palaquium spp. / Payena spp. COMBRETACEAE Terminalia spp. FABACEAE-CAESALPINIOIDEAE Afzelia spp. / Cylicodiscus spp. / Berlinia spp. / Paraberlinia spp. / Microberlinia spp. FABACEAE-FABOIDEAE Pterocarpus soyauxii FABACEAE-MIMOSOIDEAE Cedrelinga cateniformis Prosopis nigra RUBIACEAE Coffea arabica APOCYNACEAE Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco MALVACEAE Grewia spp. MORACEAE Milicia spp. / Ficus spp. MYRTACEAE Eucalyptus spp. EBENACEAE Disopyros spp. Botanical families regularly identified in European charcoal/briquettes Slide 14 Valentina Zemke, Volker Haag, PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch 21.03.2019 2019 World Wood Day Symposium Thank you Gracias Danke Merci bien 非常感谢 obrigado Valentina Zemke, Volker Haag, PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch [email protected] Thuenen Institute of Wood Research Leuschnerstrasse 91d, 21031 Hamburg, Germany Slide 15 Valentina Zemke, Volker Haag, PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch 21.03.2019 2019 World Wood Day Symposium .
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