ISSUE 1 > DIGITALISATION
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ISSUE 1 > DIGITALISATION Welcome to the first ever issue of the Siemens Education Activity Magazine. Each issue will examine an exciting STEM (science, technology, engineering and maths) topic. This issue we’ll explore digitalisation and how it’s changing the world, from stopping sneaky cybercriminals to keeping roller coasters whizzing around and around. On each page you’ll find links to interactive content from Siemens plus there’s some exciting puzzles on the last page to test your knowledge. Until next time! Roblet Editor Don’t forget to check out Siemens Education homepage at P.S. www.siemens.co.uk/education for more fun, including interactive games and home learning activity packs DID YOU KNOW? Julius Caesar encrypted his messages using 1 CYBERSECURITY a Caesar cypher. This is where each letter is replaced by a letter a fixed number of What’s the difference between an egg and a code? Well, you can positions down the alphabet. E.g. if each letter is moved one place. unscramble a code but you can’t unscramble an egg! Encryption is an important part of Cybersecurity. How does it work? C A E S A R Encryption is the process of turning cybercriminals. Cryptographers use would be ordinary text or data into secure complex formula to stay one step data, by scrambling it using codes. ahead of the criminals, and their It’s like putting a digital padlock on work is used to protect everything sensitive information as only those from personal data to our transport D B F T B S with the key can decrypt and read it. systems, power grids and industries which are now all controlled using The art of encrypting data is online systems. called cryptography, and it’s used to protect important data from FUN FACTS <<<<< TIME TO GET CRACKING! >>>>>> One of the earliest examples of cryptography Unravel some tricky cyphers on page 6> is the tomb of Khnumhotep II, an ancient Want to know more? Check out the Egyptian nobleman. Amongst the details of Cybersecurity Challenge, a KS3 Siemens his life drawn on the walls in hieroglyphs, Education activity resource. some symbols are swapped for obscure symbols of secret meaning. DID YOU KNOW? Smart Factories are part of Industry 4.0, otherwise known as the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Read more about it on p4 > 2 SMART FACTORIES Smart Factories are the latest manufacturing innovation, where the products you love are being made faster, cheaper and with continuous improvement. You’re probably familiar with designing, making and evaluating when you make products at school. Lets find out how that happens in a Smart Factory. DESIGN MAKE EVALUATE In a smart factory, nothing is designed by hand. Products Manufacturing is planned using the same technologies. Manufacturing is constantly monitored using sensors and production lines are designed using the latest The production line incorporates robots, who can think for and fed into a digital twin – a digital model of the product engineering software (PES) and cloud computing. themselves using artificial intelligence and communicate entire factory. This data, along with quality control Designers can try out products and manufacturing in wirelessly. Robots even do the packing and loading of the data and product testing, allows manufacturing to be virtual reality. finished products, with some factories having no humans at all. constantly improved or ‘optimised’. Cool eh? 2387 FUN FACTS! DESIGNING THE FUTURE If you are over 13 years Pretty impressive don’t you think? Take a old, you can download full digital tour of a Smart factory using the Siemens Student NX for Designing The Future Interactive. free! Start engineering your own products today. DID YOU KNOW? Modern roller coasters now 3 FORMULA FOR THRILLS incorporate digital control systems. Sensors are used to instantly detect problems, Whether you like to keep your feet on the ground, or prefer to be and launch an emergency whooshing around at 150mph with your feet dangling, you have to stop to prevent accidents. admit that roller coasters are pretty cool. Let’s investigate their history. Early 1800s Late 1800s Mid 1900s Late 1900s The first roller coasters are built, the earliest being The Switchback Railroad roller The first roller coasters made Roller coasters increase in height and the Promenades Aeriennes (‘Aerial Promenade’) in coaster is built at New York’s from steel tube are built. This complexity, some with over seven 1817. Early coasters were made from wood, had Coney Island. More roller enables more complex twists inversions. Digital control systems wheeled carriages and limited safety features. coasters follow. and turns to be built. increase safety and decrease repair times. Mid 1800s Early 1900 Late 1900s Early 2000s Thrill seekers start riding the Mauch Chunk The lap bar is invented to stop people falling The first ‘suspended’ roller New innovations including Switchback Railway for fun, a steeply sloping out of carriages. Underfriction systems are coaster is built where the floorless trains and up to ten railway used for delivering coal. This inspired invented that lock trains to the track. This carriages hang from the inversions. Roller coaster designs early roller coasters in the USA. The first enables increased speed and steeper hills. track. Steel tube tracks exceed 130m in height and reach looped rollercoasters are invented. The Big Dipper opens in Blackpool. enable corkscrew tracks. speeds of over 120mph. FUN FACTS!!!!! WANT MORE THRILLS? Early roller coasters were inspired Want more thrills? Design your own roller by the ice slides popular with coaster using the formula for thrills Russian royalty including Catherine interactive game. The Great. These were hills of ice, specially built for sliding down. 4 THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Industrial revolutions weren’t just for the Victorians you know. In fact, we’re having one right now. Industry 4.0 is upon us, and it’s all about robots. I’m so 2020. Bleep. st nd rd th 1Industrial Revolution 2 Industrial Revolution 3 Industrial Revolution 4 Industrial Revolution LATE LATE EARLY LATE 1700s 1800s 1960s 2010s TODAY Factories are powered by steam Electrification brings electric lighting, Computer control of machines Design and production processes and water power. telephones and electric power to or ‘automation’ is enabled by the are all handled using digitalisation factories. invention of the microchip. software and cloud computing. Mechanisation enables products to be made by machines. Goods are mass-produced on production The Internet is invented in 1983, Factories become ‘Smart Factories’ lines with electrical machinery. enabling increased communication who use cloud computing and Products are made in mills and sharing of information. robots as part of Industry 4.0 and factories rather than small Industries spread from industrial workshops for the first time. cities to industrial regions. ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING <<<<< FEELING PRODUCTIVE? >>>>>> Additive manufacturing is a new technology used by Try running your own production professional engineers and amateurs alike. It’s a type line with Lean Machines, a Siemens of 3D printing, made by squirting layers of melted Education interactive game, based material from a robotic arm. around the BMW Mini. Check out how Materials Solutions, a Siemens business, 3D printed new parts for a 100 year old car here > 5 MEET AN ENGINEER In this issue we meet Ben Caley, an applications engineer working on Siemens Mindsphere, a special operating system used by IoT (Internet of Things) connected machines. Hi Ben! Tell us your name, What skills do you need to have How did you become an What is your proudest age and job? to be an applications engineer? applications engineer? achievement? Hi Roblet – My name is Ben Caley, I’m You need to have skills of analysis, I studied a Bachelors Degree in Electrical Can I have three? A few years ago I 26 and I’m an applications engineer. teamworking and creativity as a lot of and Electronics Engineering, and joined received the Graduate of the Year at my job is about analysing data, working Siemens via an E3 (Electrical Energy Siemens for my work on Mindsphere. What do you do as an with others and imagining what the Engineering) Academy placement. I’ve I’m also really proud of a project where applications engineer? future could be like with even greater since also gained a Masters Degree in I used my engineering skills to create a connectivity. Electrical & Electronics Engineering. device that enables disabled people to As an applications engineer I design, participate in music therapy. I think that develop and implement software Technical Skills are really important people often underestimate the impact programs. I work with Siemens too, such as having a good knowledge that you can have on your community customers to help connect their of programming and electronics, as as an engineer. Lastly, having my work industries to Mindsphere, our special IoT we are working with software and real showcased to the soon-to-be Siemens’ (Internet of Things) operating system. machines. global CEO, Roland Busch. It feels like an amazing achievement! WHAT IS MINDSPHERE? <<< APPRENTICESHIPS >>> Mindsphere is a cloud-based operating system that enables If you like the idea of becoming an machines to be connected together as part of the IoT (Internet applications engineer, look out for future of Things). It collects and analyses live data for all kinds of apprenticeship opportunities at Siemens. functions, such as evaluating machine performance and solving production problems. Mindsphere can