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Strings in Python STRINGS IN PYTHON Muhammad Khokhar MANGO CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES Email: [email protected] PYTHON PROGRAMMING CHAPTER 02 - STRINGS Document Revision: Version 1.0 Date: 26th February 2021 Authors: Muhammad Tayyeb Khokhar Distribution: Mango Cloud Technologies MCT | Online Business, WR5 1GP Tel: +44 (0)1905 954701 | Web: www.mangoctech.com DOCUMENT CONTROL & INFORMATION Document Information Document Reference Strings in Python File Name Strings in Python.pdf Print Date 26/02/2021 Last Modified Date 26/02/2021 Current Document Status Published Revision History Version Date Revision Details 1.0 26/02/2021 Final 1.1 1.2 Review / Approval Date Reviewer 01/03/2021 Mango Cloud Technologies Issued by Mango Cloud Technologies [email protected] www.mangoctech.com Tel: +44 (0)1905 954701 MCT | Online Business, WR5 1GP Tel: +44 (0)1905 954701 | Web: www.mangoctech.com Table of Contents Python Programming ............................................................................................ 4 Use of Python ..................................................................................................... 4 Python Coding .................................................................................................... 4 Strings in Python ................................................................................................. 4 Writing StringS In Python ....................................................................................... 4 String Indexing ................................................................................................... 5 String Output ..................................................................................................... 5 Multiple Statements In String .................................................................................. 5 String Slicing ...................................................................................................... 6 Immutable Strings ............................................................................................ 7 String Concatenation ......................................................................................... 8 Built-in-Functions ............................................................................................. 8 String Interpolation ........................................................................................... 9 Floating Interpolation ....................................................................................... 10 MCT | Online Business, WR5 1GP Tel: +44 (0)1905 954701 | Web: www.mangoctech.com PYTHON PROGRAMMING Python is a widely used general-purpose, high level programming language. It was designed with an emphasis on code readability, and its syntax allows programmers to express their concepts in fewer lines of code. Python is a general-purpose coding language—which means that, unlike HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, it can be used for other types of programming and software development besides web development. That includes back end development, software development, data science and writing system scripts among other things. USE OF PYTHON Web Development. Game Development. Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. Data Science and Data Visualization. Desktop GUI. Web Scraping Applications. Business Applications. CAD Applications. Embadded Applications. PYTHON CODING Python is easy to learn. Its syntax is easy and code is very readable. ... Python allows you to write programs in fewer lines of code than most of the programming languages. The popularity of Python is growing rapidly. Dependencies. STRINGS IN PYTHON A string in Python is a sequence of characters. It is a derived data type. Strings are immutable. This means that once defined, they cannot be changed. Many Python methods, such as replace(), join(), or split() modify strings. However, they do not modify the original string. They create a copy of a string which they modify and return to the caller. WRITING STRINGS IN PYTHON In Python, we can write a string by using single quotes, double quotes or triple around the text. Text could be the numbers or characters. A string is simply a series of characters. Anything inside quotes is considereda string in Python, and you can use single or double or triple quotes around the statement. If we have multiple lines in a string then we have to use triple quotes. MCT | Online Business, WR5 1GP Tel: +44 (0)1905 954701 | Web: www.mangoctech.com Table – 01 Examples of String Single Qoutes ‘I am a single quote string’ Double Qoutes “I’m a double quote string” Triple Qoutes “‘I am “triple” quote string”’ STRING INDEXING Every character in a string have index value string from 0. First character in the string will have index value 0, then 1 and then continue. Table – 02 String = ‘I am string’ String character ‘I a m s t r i n g’ Index Values 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Reverse index 0 &-11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 Note space in a string is called white spcaing and it also have an index value. STRING OUTPUT Table – 03 Examples of String Cell 1 my_string = ‘I am a python string’ Cell 2 my_string Output ‘I am a python string’ Cell 3 print(my_string) Output I am a python string MULTIPLE STATEMENTS IN STRING In python, if we want to show multiple statements in the output. We have to use print. Python will only show the last statement if we will not use print command. MCT | Online Business, WR5 1GP Tel: +44 (0)1905 954701 | Web: www.mangoctech.com Table – 04 Other Examples of String Cell 1 'I am a python string' 'I am better than all other programming languages' 'I am easy to learn' Output ‘I am easy to learn’ Cell 2 print('I am a python string') print('I am better than all other programming languages') print('I am easy to learn') Output I am a python string I am better than all other programming languages I am easy to learn Use \n for next line, \t for Tab spacing and \\ for slash Cell 3 print('I am python string.\n I am better than other languages \t easy to learn\\') Output I am python string. I am better than other languages easy to learn\ STRING SLICING Slice allows us to grab a subsection of multiple characters, just like a slice of bread or slices of bread. The syntax is [start:stop:step] start is a numerical index for the slice. stop is the index we will go up to (but not include) step is the size of the “jump” we make Table – 05 Examples to slice a String Cell 1 A = ‘Slice a string’ Cell 2 A[0] Output ‘S’ MCT | Online Business, WR5 1GP Tel: +44 (0)1905 954701 | Web: www.mangoctech.com Cell 3 A[1] Output ‘l’ Cell 4 A[5] Output ‘ ’ Cell 5 A[1:] Output ‘lice a string’ Cell 6 A[:5] Output ‘Slice’ Cell 7 A[:-7] Output ‘Slice a’ Cell 8 A[-7:] Output ‘ string’ Cell 9 A[2:6] Output ‘ice’ Cell 10 A[0:15:3] Output ‘Scatn’ Cell 11 A[::-3] Output ‘gr el’ IMMUTABLE STRINGS Strings are immutable, which means we cannot change the strings. If we try to change the string we will get type error message. But we have other ways to make changes in the string. Table – 06 Examples to change the string Cell 1 new_string1 = 'I am immutable, please don\'t change me' Cell 2 new_string1[0] = 'U' Output TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment MCT | Online Business, WR5 1GP Tel: +44 (0)1905 954701 | Web: www.mangoctech.com Note: Use # in the beginning of code to disable the line STRING CONCATENATION In python, we cannot change the string but we can use concatenation method to change the strings. Table – 07 Example of string contatenation Cell 1 my_name = 'Apple Cloud Technologies' Cell 2 Correct_name = my_name[5:] Cell 3 'Mango' + Correct_name Output ‘Mango Cloud Technologies’ Adding strings Cell 1 A = 'Mango ' B = 'Cloud ' C = 'Technologies' Cell 2 D = A + B + C Output ‘Mango Cloud Technologies’ Multiplying strings Cell 1 My_string = ‘Python ’ Cell 2 My_string * 5 Output ‘Python Python Python Python Python’ BUILT-IN-FUNCTIONS There are many built-in functions in python for strings. We can press tab to check what possible functions are available with the string. To execute the built-in-function use () and run Table – 08 Built-in-function .upper will change all the alphabets to capital letters Cell 1 x = 'I am python' MCT | Online Business, WR5 1GP Tel: +44 (0)1905 954701 | Web: www.mangoctech.com Cell 2 x.upper() Output ‘I AM PYTHON’ Built-in-function .lower will change all the alphabets to lowercase Cell 1 y = ‘PYTHON IS EASY TO LEARN’ Cell 2 y.lower() Output ‘python is easy to learn’ Built-in-function .split will split the string and convert into list Cell 1 x.split() Output ['I', 'am', 'python'] Cell 2 y.split() Output ['PYTHON', 'IS', 'EASY', 'TO', 'LEARN'] STRING INTERPOLATION String interpolation is a process substituting values of variables into placeholders in a string. In simple words, injecting values in string. There are two methods for string interpolation. .format() f-strings Table – 09 Examples of Interpolation Cell 1 print('We are learning') Cell 2 a = ‘Python’ Cell 3 print('We are learning {}' .format (a)) Output We are learning Python Another example Cell 1 print('we are learning {} {} {}' .format (a, a, a) ) Output we are learning Python Python Python MCT | Online Business, WR5 1GP Tel: +44 (0)1905 954701 | Web: www.mangoctech.com Another example Cell 1 b = ‘Programming’ Cell 2 print('we are learning {} {} {}' .format (a, a, b) ) Output we are learning Python Python Programming Another example Cell 1 print('we are learning {2} {1} {0}' .format (a, a, b) ) Output we are learning Programming Python Python Cell 2 print('we are learning {2} {2} {2}' .format
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