Coffeescript Accelerated Javascript Development
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PHP String Interview Questions
By OnlineInterviewQuestions.com String Interview Questions in PHP Q1. What is String in PHP? The String is a collection or set of characters in sequence in PHP. The String in PHP is used to save and manipulate like an update, delete and read the data. Q2. How to cast a php string to integer? The int or integer used for a variable into an integer in PHP. Q3. How to perform string concatenation in PHP? The string concatenation means two strings connect together. The dot ( . ) sign used in PHP to combine two string. Example:- <?php $stringa = " creative "; $stringb = "writing "; echo $stringa . $stringb; ?> Q4. How to get php string length? To determine the string length in PHP, strlen() function used. Example:- echo strlen(“creative writing”); Q5. List some escape characters in PHP? Some list escape characters in PHP there are:- \’ \” \\ \n \t \r Q6. How to convert special characters to unicode in php? There is function json_encode() which is converted special characters to Unicode in PHP. Example:- $stringa = " I am good at smiling"; print_r(json_encode($stringa)); Q7. How to add double quotes in string in php? The double quotes in string using (" ") sign and write content under this sign. The double quotes convert variable as value. An example is below:- $str8 = " need to read data where has to go "; echo $str 8output: double quotes in the string echo “ PHP work $str8 output: PHP work need to read data where has to go Q8. Explain how php string interpolation is done? The interpolation is adding variables in among a string data. PHP parses the interpolate variables and replaces this variable with own value while processing the string. -
Understanding the Syntactic Rule Usage in Java
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UCL Discovery Understanding the Syntactic Rule Usage in Java Dong Qiua, Bixin Lia,∗, Earl T. Barrb, Zhendong Suc aSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, China bDepartment of Computer Science, University College London, UK cDepartment of Computer Science, University of California Davis, USA Abstract Context: Syntax is fundamental to any programming language: syntax defines valid programs. In the 1970s, computer scientists rigorously and empirically studied programming languages to guide and inform language design. Since then, language design has been artistic, driven by the aesthetic concerns and intuitions of language architects. Despite recent studies on small sets of selected language features, we lack a comprehensive, quantitative, empirical analysis of how modern, real-world source code exercises the syntax of its programming language. Objective: This study aims to understand how programming language syntax is employed in actual development and explore their potential applications based on the results of syntax usage analysis. Method: We present our results on the first such study on Java, a modern, mature, and widely-used programming language. Our corpus contains over 5,000 open-source Java projects, totalling 150 million source lines of code (SLoC). We study both independent (i.e. applications of a single syntax rule) and dependent (i.e. applications of multiple syntax rules) rule usage, and quantify their impact over time and project size. Results: Our study provides detailed quantitative information and yields insight, particularly (i) confirming the conventional wisdom that the usage of syntax rules is Zipfian; (ii) showing that the adoption of new rules and their impact on the usage of pre-existing rules vary significantly over time; and (iii) showing that rule usage is highly contextual. -
S-Algol Reference Manual Ron Morrison
S-algol Reference Manual Ron Morrison University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, Fife, Scotland. KY16 9SS CS/79/1 1 Contents Chapter 1. Preface 2. Syntax Specification 3. Types and Type Rules 3.1 Universe of Discourse 3.2 Type Rules 4. Literals 4.1 Integer Literals 4.2 Real Literals 4.3 Boolean Literals 4.4 String Literals 4.5 Pixel Literals 4.6 File Literal 4.7 pntr Literal 5. Primitive Expressions and Operators 5.1 Boolean Expressions 5.2 Comparison Operators 5.3 Arithmetic Expressions 5.4 Arithmetic Precedence Rules 5.5 String Expressions 5.6 Picture Expressions 5.7 Pixel Expressions 5.8 Precedence Table 5.9 Other Expressions 6. Declarations 6.1 Identifiers 6.2 Variables, Constants and Declaration of Data Objects 6.3 Sequences 6.4 Brackets 6.5 Scope Rules 7. Clauses 7.1 Assignment Clause 7.2 if Clause 7.3 case Clause 7.4 repeat ... while ... do ... Clause 7.5 for Clause 7.6 abort Clause 8. Procedures 8.1 Declarations and Calls 8.2 Forward Declarations 2 9. Aggregates 9.1 Vectors 9.1.1 Creation of Vectors 9.1.2 upb and lwb 9.1.3 Indexing 9.1.4 Equality and Equivalence 9.2 Structures 9.2.1 Creation of Structures 9.2.2 Equality and Equivalence 9.2.3 Indexing 9.3 Images 9.3.1 Creation of Images 9.3.2 Indexing 9.3.3 Depth Selection 9.3.4 Equality and Equivalence 10. Input and Output 10.1 Input 10.2 Output 10.3 i.w, s.w and r.w 10.4 End of File 11. -
Sugarj: Library-Based Syntactic Language Extensibility
SugarJ: Library-based Syntactic Language Extensibility Sebastian Erdweg, Tillmann Rendel, Christian Kastner,¨ and Klaus Ostermann University of Marburg, Germany Abstract import pair.Sugar; Existing approaches to extend a programming language with syntactic sugar often leave a bitter taste, because they cannot public class Test f be used with the same ease as the main extension mechanism private (String, Integer) p = ("12", 34); of the programming language—libraries. Sugar libraries are g a novel approach for syntactically extending a programming Figure 1. Using a sugar library for pairs. language within the language. A sugar library is like an or- dinary library, but can, in addition, export syntactic sugar for using the library. Sugar libraries maintain the compos- 1. Introduction ability and scoping properties of ordinary libraries and are Bridging the gap between domain concepts and the imple- hence particularly well-suited for embedding a multitude of mentation of these concepts in a programming language is domain-specific languages into a host language. They also one of the “holy grails” of software development. Domain- inherit self-applicability from libraries, which means that specific languages (DSLs), such as regular expressions for sugar libraries can provide syntactic extensions for the defi- the domain of text recognition or Java Server Pages for the nition of other sugar libraries. domain of dynamic web pages have often been proposed To demonstrate the expressiveness and applicability of to address this problem [31]. To use DSLs in large soft- sugar libraries, we have developed SugarJ, a language on ware systems that touch multiple domains, developers have top of Java, SDF and Stratego, which supports syntactic to be able to compose multiple domain-specific languages extensibility. -
Coding 101: Learn Ruby in 15 Minutes Visit
Coding 101: Learn Ruby in 15 minutes Visit www.makers.tech 1 Contents 2 Contents 10 Challenge 3 3 About us 11 Defining Methods 4 Installing Ruby 12 Challenge 4 4 Checking you’ve got Ruby 12 Challenge 5 5 Method calls 12 Challenge 6 5 Variables 13 Arrays 6 Truth and Falsehood 14 Hashes 7 Strings, objects and Methods 14 Challenge 7 8 Challenge 1 15 Iterations 8 Challenge 2 16 Challenge 8 9 Method Chaining 16 Challenge 9 10 Conditionals 18 Extra Challenges 2 About Us At Makers, we are creating a new generation of tech talent who are skilled and ready for the changing world of work. We are inspired by the idea of discovering and unlocking potential in people for the benefit of 21st century business and society. We believe in alternative ways to learn how to code, how to be ready for work and how to be of value to an organisation. At our core, Makers combines tech education with employment possibilities that transform lives. Our intensive four-month program (which includes a month-long PreCourse) sets you up to become a high quality professional software engineer. Makers is the only coding bootcamp with 5 years experience training software developers remotely. Your virtual experience will be exactly the same as Makers on-site, just delivered differently. If you’d like to learn more, check out www.makers.tech. 3 Installing Checking Ruby you’ve got Ruby You’ll be happy to know that Ruby comes preinstalled on all Apple computers. However we can’t simply use the system defaults - just in case we mess something up! Open the terminal on your computer and then type in If you’ve got your laptop set up already you can skip this section. -
Syntactic Sugar Programming Languages' Constructs - Preliminary Study
ICIT 2011 The 5th International Conference on Information Technology Syntactic Sugar Programming Languages' Constructs - Preliminary Study #1 #2 Mustafa Al-Tamim , Rashid Jayousi Department of Computer Science, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine [email protected] 00972-59-9293002 [email protected] 00972-52-7456731 ICIT 2011 The 5th International Conference on Information Technology Syntactic Sugar Programming Languages' Constructs - Preliminary Study #1 #2 Mustafa Al-Tamim , Rashid Jayousi Department of Computer Science, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine [email protected] [email protected] Abstract— Software application development is a daily task done syntax and help in making it more readable, easier to write, by developers and code writer all over the world. Valuable less syntax errors and less ambiguous. portion of developers’ time is spent in writing repetitive In this research, we proposed new set of syntactic sugar keywords, debugging code, trying to understand its semantic, constructs that can be composed by a mixture of existing and fixing syntax errors. These tasks become harder when no constructs obtained from some programming languages in integrated development environment (IDE) is available or developers use remote access terminals like UNIX and simple addition to syntactic enhancements suggested by us. Through text editors for code writing. Syntactic sugar constructs in our work as software developer, team leaders, and guiding programming languages are found to offer simple and easy many students in their projects, we noticed that developers syntax constructs to make developers life easier and smother. In write a lot of repetitive keywords in specific parts of code like this paper, we propose a new set of syntactic sugar constructs, packages calling keywords, attributes access modifiers, code and try to find if they really can help developers in eliminating segments and building blocks’ scopes determination symbols syntax errors, make code more readable, more easier to write, and others. -
Compiler Construction E Syntactic Sugar E
Compiler Construction e Syntactic sugar E Compiler Construction Syntactic sugar 1 / 16 Syntactic sugar & Desugaring Syntactic Sugar Additions to a language to make it easier to read or write, but that do not change the expressiveness Desugaring Higher-level features that can be decomposed into language core of essential constructs ) This process is called ”desugaring”. Compiler Construction Syntactic sugar 2 / 16 Pros & Cons for syntactic sugar Pros More readable, More writable Express things more elegantly Cons Adds bloat to the languages Syntactic sugar can affect the formal structure of a language Compiler Construction Syntactic sugar 3 / 16 Syntactic Sugar in Lambda-Calculus The term ”syntactic sugar” was coined by Peter J. Landin in 1964, while describing an ALGOL-like language that was defined in term of lambda-calculus ) goal: replace λ by where Curryfication λxy:e ) λx:(λy:e) Local variables let x = e1 in e2 ) (λx:e2):e1 Compiler Construction Syntactic sugar 4 / 16 List Comprehension in Haskell qs [] = [] qs (x:xs) = qs lt_x ++ [x] ++ qs ge_x where lt_x = [y | y <- xs, y < x] ge_x = [y | y <- xs, x <= y] Compiler Construction Syntactic sugar 5 / 16 List Comprehension in Haskell Sugared [(x,y) | x <- [1 .. 6], y <- [1 .. x], x+y < 10] Desugared filter p (concat (map (\ x -> map (\ y -> (x,y)) [1..x]) [1..6] ) ) where p (x,y) = x+y < 10 Compiler Construction Syntactic sugar 6 / 16 Interferences with error messages ”true” | 42 standard input:1.1-6: type mismatch condition type: string expected type: int function _main() = ( (if "true" then 1 else (42 <> 0)); () ) Compiler Construction Syntactic sugar 7 / 16 Regular Unary - & and | Beware of ( exp ) vs. -
A Typescript Program Generator Based on Alloy
Federal University of Pernambuco Center of Informatics Bachelor’s Program in Computer Engineering A TypeScript program generator based on Alloy Gabriela Araujo Britto Recife 2020 Federal University of Pernambuco Center of Informatics Gabriela Araujo Britto A TypeScript program generator based on Alloy A B.Sc. Dissertation presented to the Bachelor’s Program in Computer Engineering of the Center of Informatics of Federal University of Pernambuco in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering. Advisor: Leopoldo Motta Teixeira Recife 2020 Abstract Refactoring is the process of modifying code to improve its internal structure, without altering its external behavior. To aid the programmer in the process of applying common refactorings to code, many IDEs provide refactoring implementations that automate the refactoring process. However, in doing so, the refactoring developers must concern themselves with guaranteeing that their refactoring does not change program behavior. Formally verifying that a refactoring preserves behavior is a complex and costly task. Therefore, in practice, developers use tests as an alternative. Testing a refactoring implementation requires programs as test inputs. Manually writing such programs can be tedious and difficult, as there may be many language features to consider. This work proposes a technique for generating TypeScript programs that can be used as input to test refactorings. We implement this technique in a tool called TSDolly. TSDolly uses an Alloy specification of TypeScript language and the Alloy Analyzer to generate instances for this specification, which are then transformed into TypeScript programs. The majority of the generated programs (at least 97.45%) compiled without errors. -
Specialising Dynamic Techniques for Implementing the Ruby Programming Language
SPECIALISING DYNAMIC TECHNIQUES FOR IMPLEMENTING THE RUBY PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences 2015 By Chris Seaton School of Computer Science This published copy of the thesis contains a couple of minor typographical corrections from the version deposited in the University of Manchester Library. [email protected] chrisseaton.com/phd 2 Contents List of Listings7 List of Tables9 List of Figures 11 Abstract 15 Declaration 17 Copyright 19 Acknowledgements 21 1 Introduction 23 1.1 Dynamic Programming Languages.................. 23 1.2 Idiomatic Ruby............................ 25 1.3 Research Questions.......................... 27 1.4 Implementation Work......................... 27 1.5 Contributions............................. 28 1.6 Publications.............................. 29 1.7 Thesis Structure............................ 31 2 Characteristics of Dynamic Languages 35 2.1 Ruby.................................. 35 2.2 Ruby on Rails............................. 36 2.3 Case Study: Idiomatic Ruby..................... 37 2.4 Summary............................... 49 3 3 Implementation of Dynamic Languages 51 3.1 Foundational Techniques....................... 51 3.2 Applied Techniques.......................... 59 3.3 Implementations of Ruby....................... 65 3.4 Parallelism and Concurrency..................... 72 3.5 Summary............................... 73 4 Evaluation Methodology 75 4.1 Evaluation Philosophy -
PHP 7: What to Expect Lorna Mitchell, PHPUK 2016
PHP 7: What To Expect Lorna Mitchell, PHPUK 2016 Slides available online, help yourself: http://www.lornajane.net/resources Versions of PHP Version Support until Security fixes until PHP 5.5 (expired) 10th July 2016 PHP 5.6 31st December 2016 31st December 2018 PHP 7.0 3rd December 2017 3rd December 2018 see also: http://php.net/supported-versions.php PHP 7 Is Fast PHP 7 Is Fast Why PHP 7 Is Fast • Grew from the phpng project • Influenced by HHVM/Hacklang • Major refactoring of the Zend Engine • More compact data structures throughout • As a result all extensions need updates • http://gophp7.org/gophp7-ext/ Rasmus' stats: http://talks.php.net/fluent15#/6 Abstract Syntax Trees PHP 7 uses an additional AST step during compilation This gives a performance boost and much nicer architecture Abstract Syntax Trees Example code: 1 $a = rand(0,1); 2 3 if($a) { 4 echo "Heads"; 5 } else { 6 echo "Tails"; 7 } Abstract Syntax Trees Tokenized PHP: T_OPEN_TAG: <?php T_VARIABLE: $a T_WHITESPACE: = T_WHITESPACE: T_STRING: rand ( T_LNUMBER: 0 , T_LNUMBER: 1 ) ; Abstract Syntax Trees Abstract syntax tree representation: AST_STMT_LIST AST_ASSIGN AST_VAR a AST_CALL AST_NAME rand AST_ARG_LIST 0 1 New Features Combined Comparison Operator The <=> "spaceship" operator is for quick greater/less than comparison. 1 echo 2 <=> 1; // 1 2 echo 2 <=> 3; // -1 3 echo 2 <=> 2; // 0 Ternary Shorthand Refresher on this PHP 5 feature: 1 echo $count ? $count : 10; // 10 2 echo $count ?: 10; // 10 Null Coalesce Operator Operator ?? is ternary shorthand (?:) but with isset(). 1 $b = 16; 2 3 echo $a ?? 2; // 2 4 echo $a ?? $b ?? 7; // 16 Type Hints PHP 5 has type hinting, allowing you to say what kind of parameter is acceptable in a method call. -
Declare String Method C
Declare String Method C Rufe sweat worshipfully while gnathic Lennie dilacerating much or humble fragmentary. Tracie is dodecastyle and toady cold as revolutionist Pincas constipate exorbitantly and parabolizes obstructively. When Sibyl liquidizes his Farnham sprout not sportively enough, is Ender temporary? What is the difference between Mutable and Immutable In Java? NET base types to instances of the corresponding types. This results in a copy of the string object being created. If Comrade Napoleon says it, methods, or use some of the string functions from the C language library. Consider the below code which stores the string while space is encountered. Thank you for registration! Global variables are a bad idea and you should never use them. May sacrifice the null byte if the source is longer than num. White space is also calculated in the length of the string. But we also need to discuss how to get text into R, printed, set to URL of the article. The method also returns an integer to the caller. These values are passed to the method. Registration for Free Trial successful. Java String literal is created by using double quotes. The last function in the example is the clear function which is used to clear the contents of the invoking string object. Initialize with a regular string literal. Enter a string: It will read until the user presses the enter key. The editor will open in a new window. It will return a positive number upon success. The contents of the string buffer are copied; subsequent modification of the string buffer does not affect the newly created string. -
Angular Development
Best Practices we following in Angular Development www.ideas2it.com Angular is an open-source front-end framework developed by Google for creating dynamic, modern web applications. Introduced in 2009, Angular’s popularity is based on its eliminating unnecessary code and ensuring lighter and faster apps. Having rapidly evolved from AngularJS in 2010, the front-end framework is today used by more than 40% of software engineers for creating user interfaces. Angular helps build interactive and dynamic single page applications (SPAs) with its compelling features including templating, two-way binding, modularization, RESTful API handling, dependency injection, and AJAX handling. Designers can use HTML as template language and even extend HTML’ syntax to easily convey the components of the application. You also don’t need to rely on third-party libraries to build dynamic applications with Angular. Using this framework in your projects, you can reap multiple benefits. While Angular Documentation is the right place to get to know best practices, this document focuses on other good practices that are not covered in the framework’s documentation. 2 1. Use Angular CLI Angular CLI is one of the most powerful accessibility tools available when developing apps with Angular. Angular CLI makes it easy to create an application and follows all the best practices! Angular CLI is a command-line interface tool that is used to initialize, develop, scaffold, maintain and even test and debug Angular applications. So instead of creating the files and folders manually, use Angular CLI to generate new components, directives, modules, services, and pipes. # Install Angular CLI npm install -g @angular/cli # Check Angular CLI version ng version 3 2.