DOCSLIB.ORG

D3.1 5G Waveform Candidate Selection

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
D3.1 5G Waveform Candidate Selection The 5GNOW Project Consortium groups the following organizations: Partner Name Short name Country FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V. HHI Germany ALCATEL LUCENT DEUTSCHLAND AG ALUD Germany COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES CEA France IS-WIRELESS ISW Poland NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS NI Hungary TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT DRESDEN TUD Germany Abstract: 5G Waveform Candidate Selection The screening process of T3.1 will generate a candidate list of waveforms and signal formats, described in this IR3.1. D3.1 ‘5GNOW_D3.1_v1.0.docx’ Version: 1.0 Last Update: 3/3/2015 Distribution Level: CO Distribution level PU = Public, RE = Restricted to a group of the specified Consortium, PP = Restricted to other program participants (including Commission Services), CO= Confidential, only for members of the 5GNOW Consortium (including the Commission Services) D3.1 The 5GNOW Project Consortium groups the following organizations: Partner Name Short name Country FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V. HHI Germany ALCATEL-LUCENT DEUTSCHLAND AG ALUD Germany COMMISSARIAT À L’ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES CEA France IS-WIRELESS ISW Poland NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS NI Hungary TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT DRESDEN TUD Germany Abstract: One of the main drivers for new waveforms is to enable efficient multiple access in the light of the requirements of future 5G wireless communication systems which will have to handle a very diverse variety of traffic types. The scenarios which are initiating those requirements and which are considered by the 5GNOW project (see D2.1) are driven by machine-type communication and the Tactile Internet, by coordinated multi-point (CoMP) and by fragmented spectrum. The 5GNOW project has developed here the vision of a unified frame structure and corresponding new waveforms which aims at handling as much different traffic types as possible within the same band and the same frame. This document introduces promising waveform candidates for 5G systems, explains the considered reference scenarios and the corresponding multiple access vision. Supporting simulation results are provided, stressing the potential of the candidate technologies. Selection criteria for the waveforms are provided and discussed. In conclusion, the introduced waveforms are much more capable than OFDM when relaxed synchronicity and orthogonality requirements shall be supported. Particularly, they allow dropping a large amount of signalling overhead present in today’s systems, when e.g. a large number of devices have to be supported. Future work of the 5GNOW project will investigate those waveform candidates in detail and propose a physical layer concept for next generation wireless communication systems Based on the waveform candidates in IR3.1, D3.1 contains selection criteria, benchmarking results and discussion of chosen candidate selection for 5G waveforms. Partner Author name Martin Kasparick Gerhard Wunder HHI Peter Jung Yejian Chen Frank Schaich ALUD Thorsten Wild Vincent Berg Nicolas Cassiau Jean-Baptiste Doré CEA Dimitri Kténas Marcin Dryjański ISW Slawomir Pietrzyk Ivan Simões Gaspar TUD Nicola Michailow 5GNOW Page: 2 of 111 FP7 – ICT– GA 318555 D3.1 “The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 318555” 5GNOW Page: 3 of 111 FP7 – ICT– GA 318555 D3.1 Document Identity Title: 5G Waveform Candidate Selection WP: WP3 – Physical layer design WP Leader ALUD Main Editor Thorsten Wild Number: D3.1 File name: 5GNOW_D3.1_v1.0.docx Last Update: Tuesday, March 03, 20153 Revision History No. Version Edition Author(s) Date 1 0.1 Thorsten Wild (ALUD) 28.06.13 Comments: Provided initial template and skeleton 2 0.2 Input by all authors; Thorsten Wild 09.08.13 Comments: Merged partner inputs, added summary, conclusion and some guiding text 3 0.3 Thorsten Wild 14.08.13 Comments: Review comments by CEA, TUD and ISW taken into account and merged into one document 4 0.4 16.09.12 Comments: Reference added 5 0.5 Martin Kasparick 20.09.13 Comments: Polishing 6 v1.0 Gerhard Wunder (Coordinator) 23.09.2013 Comments: Final revision 7 Comments: 8 Comments: 9 Comments: 10 Comments: 11 Comments: 12 Comments: 13 Comments: 14 Comments: 15 Comments: 5GNOW Page: 4 of 111 FP7 – ICT– GA 318555 D3.1 Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 OVERVIEW ON 5GNOW AND RELATED 5G ACTIVITIES ..................................................................................... 8 1.2 5GNOW UNIFIED FRAME VISION ................................................................................................................. 9 1.3 OFDM – THE CHOICE OF 4G: LIMITATIONS AND ALTERNATIVES ....................................................................... 10 1.3.1 Uplink CoMP ....................................................................................................................................... 10 1.3.2 Tactile Internet ................................................................................................................................... 10 1.3.3 Downlink CoMP .................................................................................................................................. 10 1.3.4 Sporadic Access ................................................................................................................................... 11 1.3.5 Fragment Spectrum ............................................................................................................................ 11 2 OVERVIEW OF THE CONSIDERED WAVEFORM APPROACHES ................................................................ 12 2.1 GFDM ................................................................................................................................................. 12 2.1.1 Mathematical description of the GFDM transceiver ..................................................................... 13 2.2 UFMC ................................................................................................................................................. 15 2.3 FBMC .................................................................................................................................................. 20 2.3.1 Overview of FBMC ......................................................................................................................... 20 2.3.2 Frequency domain description of FBMC ........................................................................................ 21 2.3.3 Time synchronization .................................................................................................................... 22 2.4 BFDM.................................................................................................................................................. 25 2.4.1 Transmitter ......................................................................................................................................... 25 2.4.2 Pulse shaped PRACH ........................................................................................................................... 27 2.4.3 PUSCH ................................................................................................................................................. 30 2.4.4 Receiver .............................................................................................................................................. 31 2.4.5 Simulation Results .............................................................................................................................. 32 3 MULTIPLE ACCESS VISION AND IMPACT ON WAVEFORMS .................................................................... 34 3.1 UNIFIED FRAME STRUCTURE ..................................................................................................................... 35 3.1.1 General concept ............................................................................................................................ 35 3.1.2 Simulation results .......................................................................................................................... 37 3.2 LAYERING .............................................................................................................................................. 38 3.3 SPARSITY AWARE RANDOM ACCESS ............................................................................................................ 44 3.3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 44 3.3.2 Sparse structured signals .............................................................................................................. 45 3.3.3 System model ................................................................................................................................ 45 3.3.4 MAC-SC in standard PRACH ........................................................................................................... 46 3.3.5 MAC-SC with non-standard PRACH ............................................................................................... 49 4 REFERENCE SCENARIOS ........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Atmospheric Downwelling Longwave Radiation at the Surface During Cloudless and Overcast Conditions. Measurements and Modeling
    ATMOSPHERIC DOWNWELLING LONGWAVE RADIATION AT THE SURFACE DURING CLOUDLESS AND OVERCAST CONDITIONS. MEASUREMENTS AND MODELING Antoni VIÚDEZ-MORA ISBN: 978-84-694-5001-7 Dipòsit legal: GI-752-2011 http://hdl.handle.net/10803/31841 ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX. No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos.
    [Show full text]
  • Frequency Plans for Broadcasting Services by Juan Castro Broadcasting Services Division OVERVIEW
    Frequency plans for broadcasting services By Juan Castro Broadcasting Services Division OVERVIEW . ITU Regions . Regional Plans . Regional Plans concerning TV broadcasting . Regional Plans concerning sound broadcasting . Article 4: Modifications to the Plans . Useful links ITU REGIONS REGIONAL PLANS - Definition . Regional agreements for: o specific frequency bands o specific region/area o specific services . Adopted by Regional Conferences (technical criteria + frequency plans) . Types of Plans: o Assignment Plans (stations) o Allotment Plans (geographical areas) TYPES OF REGIONAL PLANS . Assignment Plan: frequencies are assigned to stations Station 1 Frequencies f1, f2, f3… Station 3 Station 2 . Allotment Plan: frequencies are assigned to geographical areas Area 1 Frequencies f1, f2, f3… Area 3 Area 2 TV BROADCASTING REGIONAL PLANS . Regional Plans (in force) that concern television broadcasting: o Stockholm 1961 modified in 2006 (ST61) o Geneva 1989 modified in 2006 (GE89) o Geneva 2006 (GE06) TV REGIONAL PLANS: ST61 . ST61: Stockholm 1961 modified in 2006 In 2006 the bands 174-230 MHz and 470-862 MHz were transferred to GE06 Plan . Assignment Plan . Region: European Broadcasting Area (EBA) . Bands: o Band I: 47-68 MHz o Band II: 87.5-100 MHz o Band III: 162-170 MHz . Services: o Broadcasting (sound and television) TV REGIONAL PLANS: GE89 . GE89: Geneva 1989 modified in 2006 In 2006 the bands 174-230 MHz and 470-862 MHz were transferred to GE06 Plan . Assignment Plan . Region: African Broadcasting Area(ABA) . Bands: o Band I: 47-68 MHz o Band III: 230-238 and 246-254 MHz . Services: o Broadcasting (television only) TV REGIONAL PLANS: GE06 . GE06 (Digital Plan): There were 2 plans (analogue and digital).
    [Show full text]
  • UHF-Band TV Transmitter for TV White Space Video Streaming Applications Hyunchol Shin1,* · Hyukjun Oh2
    JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE, VOL. 19, NO. 4, 227~233, OCT. 2019 https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2019.19.4.227 ISSN 2671-7263 (Online) ∙ ISSN 2671-7255 (Print) UHF-Band TV Transmitter for TV White Space Video Streaming Applications Hyunchol Shin1,* · Hyukjun Oh2 Abstract This paper presents a television (TV) transmitter for wireless video streaming applications in TV white space band. The TV transmitter is composed of a digital TV (DTV) signal generator and a UHF-band RF transmitter. Compared to a conventional high-IF heterodyne structure, the RF transmitter employs a zero-IF quadrature direct up-conversion architecture to minimize hardware overhead and com- plexity. The RF transmitter features I/Q mismatch compensation circuitry using 12-bit digital-to-analog converters to significantly im- prove LO and image suppressions. The DTV signal generator produces an 8-vestigial sideband (VSB) modulated digital baseband signal fully compliant with the Advanced Television System Committee (ATSC) DTV signal specifications. By employing the proposed TV transmitter and a commercial TV receiver, over-the-air, real-time, high-definition video streaming has been successfully demonstrated across all UHF-band TV channels between 14 and 69. This work shows that a portable hand-held TV transmitter can be a useful TV- band device for wireless video streaming application in TV white space. Key Words: DTV Signal Generator, RF Transmitter, TV Band Device, TV Transmitter, TV White Space. industry-science-medical (ISM)-to-UHF-band RF converters I. INTRODUCTION [3, 4] is a TV-band device (TVBD) to enable Wi-Fi service in a TVWS band.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Communications Commission Record FCC 90·136
    5 FCC Red No. 15 Federal Communications Commission Record FCC 90·136 national and international leaders into our homes, mak­ Before the ing us witnesses to hisrory. It entertained us. Each night Federal Communications Commission families and friends gathered around the radio and tuned Washington, D.C. 20554 to AM stations to learn of world. national and local events and to hear the latest episode in their favorite radio show. During the last twenty years, however, channel conges­ tion, interference and low fidelity receivers have taken MM Docket No. 87·267 their tolL dulling the competitive edge of this once vital service. Not surprisingly, once loyal AM listeners have In the Matter of shifted their allegiance to newer mass media services that offer them higher technical quality. Review of the Technical 2. As a result of these developments, the once preemi­ Assignment Criteria for the nent AM service is now in critical need of attention. For the past several years the Commission has involved itself AM Broadcast Service in an intensive effort to identify the service's most press­ ing problems and the sources of and solutions to those problems. In September of last year we challenged broad· NOTICE OF PROPOSED RULE MAKING casters, radio manufacturers and the listening public to tell us how we could revitalize the AM radio service. In Adopted: April 12, 1990; Released: July 18, 1990 an en bane hearing lasting a full day in November they responded to the challenge. Their response reaffirms our By the Commission: Commissioner Barrett issuing a conviction that a concerted effort by this Commission, the separate statement.
    [Show full text]
  • Tr 103 399 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
    ETSI TR 103 399 V1.1.1 (2019-04) TECHNICAL REPORT System Reference document (SRdoc); Fixed and in-motion Earth stations communicating with satellites in non-geostationary orbits in the 11 GHz to 14 GHz frequency band 2 ETSI TR 103 399 V1.1.1 (2019-04) Reference DTR/ERM-532 Keywords broadband, satellite, SRdoc ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Important notice The present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org/standards-search The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the prevailing version of an ETSI deliverable is the one made publicly available in PDF format at www.etsi.org/deliver. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at https://portal.etsi.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: https://portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on Regulatory Guideline for the Wireless Network Design in Digital L&C System
    KINS/HR-749 as D|X|@ Tll&XHOMI# Y-fd St! Ml E o|H *|7||o|| ifxii 7|# 7h ^oii A Study on Regulatory Guideline for the Wireless Network Design in Digital l&C System 2006tJ 69 30ti y^yx^Bfo|.y 7|-y X-1 in 44444444 44 ^ c]x]^ ^ ^ iiim^a ^^Ml 444 44 4# ;H44 44 44"4^1 (4444 "444 4444 444444 444 44 44") 4 4JZ4& 4 #444. 2006. 06. 30. 4444444 : 4 4 4 # 4 4 4 4444444 : 4 4 # 4 4 4 4 4# f! : 4 4 # // : 4 4 4 o 4 I. 4 4 44 4^447114 44 44 MM^a 4M|M| 4^4 if4] 7]# H. 447HVd-4 4& ^ ^^4 O 4 4 4 44 M|^M|47||4 44 ^4 lljEOjg. 4M1M] ffM| 7]# 7)jM}. m. 447HVd4 MI4 ^ ^4 44-#-4 Ml 1 vl 51 7) ^7]#^4 9d 44 id 74 1:| ^1 i! MMMM id4M] id-9. id n'4 Ml mi|a 7|^- m-44^- 44 id 4 4 ^1 id Ml4 4 4 7j] 4 4444 Ml mil n 44M] 4-9. id 4 M| #4 44 i! M 444 51 s14 51411=4 -/ 444 4 m td7ii 7ie -id 4 4^1 444 1 4; id 4 4 44: -rid M|K i]a Ml 4 Ef 44 /I# 44 IV. 4474444 o C]xj^ 44 4 M|. 4 a Ml Ml# 4#444 44# 44 44- 447|4 4 7|14# #4444 4M] 44 4 #4.xfxil Ml 44 Ml 4-4 47M 4M| ci/b/g jE4 7]^, Wi-Fi 7]#.
    [Show full text]
  • Report ITU-R BT.2295-3 (02/2020)
    Report ITU-R BT.2295-3 (02/2020) Digital terrestrial broadcasting systems BT Series Broadcasting service (television) ii Rep. ITU-R BT.2295-3 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio- frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Reports (Also available online at http://www.itu.int/publ/R-REP/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management Note: This ITU-R Report was approved in English by the Study Group under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1.
    [Show full text]
  • EBU Tech 3313-2005 Band I Issues
    EBU – TECH 3313 Band I Issues Status: Deliverable Geneva August 2005 1 Page intentionally left blank. This document is paginated for recto-verso printing Tech 3313 Band I Issues Contents 1 SPECTRUM AVAILABILITY ..................................................................................... 5 1.1 Present situation ........................................................................................... 5 1.2 Limitations................................................................................................... 5 2 TECHNICAL LIMITATIONS ..................................................................................... 6 2.1 Antenna dimensions........................................................................................ 6 2.2 Man-made noise ............................................................................................ 6 2.3 Ionospheric interference .................................................................................. 6 3 TECHNICAL ADVANTAGES .................................................................................... 6 3.1 Minimum field strength .................................................................................... 6 3.2 Propagation losses.......................................................................................... 6 3.3 Anomalous propagation.................................................................................... 7 3.4 Simplicity in equipment ................................................................................... 7 4 POTENTIAL
    [Show full text]
  • Spectrum/Frequency Requirements for Bands Allocated to Broadcasting on a Primary Basis
    Report ITU-R BT.2387-0 (07/2015) Spectrum/frequency requirements for bands allocated to broadcasting on a primary basis BT Series Broadcasting service (television) ii Rep. ITU-R BT.2387-0 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio- frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Reports (Also available online at http://www.itu.int/publ/R-REP/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management Note: This ITU-R Report was approved in English by the Study Group under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1.
    [Show full text]
  • ECC Report 177
    ECC Report 177 Possibilities for Future Terrestrial Delivery of Audio Broadcasting Services April 2012 ECC REPORT 177 – Page 2 0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Report considers the possibilities for continuing Radio Broadcasting into the future. While recognising that technological developments are opening a wide range of potential platforms for the distribution of audio content, it is felt that ‘terrestrial’ distribution with strategically placed transmitters simultaneously serving a large number of independent receivers will continue. This is particularly true for portable and mobile reception. With this in mind, this document concentrates on terrestrial distribution platforms and especially the relevant digital technologies that exist and are being developed. Radio is now very much a medium which can be, and is, accessed by an audience where a large portion is either mobile or doing something else. The motorist is a good example of this. The report looks at how this audience might be served in the future. While, in the past, conventional terrestrial radio broadcasting was the only viable way to serve this audience, technological convergence and changing habits mean that other platforms such as mobile broadband, satellites and wired infrastructures can now be used under the right circumstances. In spite of this, terrestrial broadcasting does offer certain advantages and it is felt that this will continue for the foreseeable future. Terrestrial broadcasting is itself changing with the advent of digital modulation systems. The report goes on to compare and contrast these modulation systems in some detail, looking at the strengths and weaknesses of each one. This is against the background considerations of audience size, geographical concentration and demographics, and how each system is able to exploit the available spectrum.
    [Show full text]
  • Recommendations on Issues Related to Digital Radio Broadcasting in India 1St February, 2018 Mahanagar Doorsanchar Bhawan Jawahar
    Recommendations on Issues related to Digital Radio Broadcasting in India 1st February, 2018 Mahanagar Doorsanchar Bhawan Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg New Delhi-110002 Website: www.trai.gov.in i Contents INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2: Digital Radio Broadcasting Technologies and International Scenario .............................................................................................................. 5 CHAPTER 3: Issues Related to Digitization of FM Radio Broadcasting .............. 15 CHAPTER 4: Summary of Recommendations .................................................... 40 ii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Radio remains an integral part of India‟s rich culture, social and economic landscape. Radio broadcasting1 is one of the most popular and affordable means for mass communication, largely owing to its wide coverage, low set up costs, terminal portability and affordability. 1.2 At present, analog terrestrial radio broadcast in India is carried out in Medium Wave (MW) (526–1606 KHz), Short Wave (SW) (6–22 MHz), and VHF-II (88–108 MHz) spectrum bands. VHF-II band is popularly known as FM band due to deployment of Frequency Modulation (FM) technology in this band. AIR - the public service broadcaster - has established 467 radio stations encompassing 662 radio transmitters, which include 140 MW, 48 SW, and 474 FM transmitters for providing radio broadcasting services2. It also provides overseas broadcasts services for its listeners across the world. 1.3 Until 2000, AIR was the sole radio broadcaster in the country. In the year 2000, looking at the changing market dynamics, the government took an initiative to open the FM radio broadcast for private sector participation. In Phase-I of FM Radio, the government auctioned 108 FM radio channels in 40 cities. Out of these, only 21 FM radio channels became operational and subsequently migrated to Phase-II in 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • Railroad Software-Defined Radio Federal Railroad Administration
    U.S. Department of Transportation Railroad Software-Defined Radio Federal Railroad Administration Office of Research, Development, and Technology Washington, DC 20590 Ethernet Port 1 Voltage Regulator Power Ethernet Port 2 ,------------1 I GPS Module I GPS Rx , (Optional) , l------------1 USB Port Tx 1 Main CPU RF Transmitter(s) TXN Rx 1 FPGA/DSP RF Receiver(s) Rx N D_iversity Rx 1 Diversity RF Receiver(s) Diversity Rx N Visual Indications DOT/FRA/ORD-20//39 Final Report September 2020 NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. Any opinions, findings and conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the United States Government, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the United States Government. The United States Government assumes no liability for the content or use of the material contained in this document. NOTICE The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the objective of this report. REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.
    [Show full text]