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Data Issues and Promising Practices for Integrated Community Energy Mapping

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Data Issues and Promising Practices for Integrated Community Energy Mapping CANADIAN GEOSPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE INFORMATION PRODUCT 50e Data Issues and Promising Practices for Integrated Community Energy Mapping Jessica Webster, CanmetENERGY Canadian Urban Institute Vive le Monde Mapping 2016 © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2016 For information regarding reproduction rights, contact Natural Resources Canada at [email protected]. Data Issues and Promising Practices for Integrated Community Energy Mapping Prepared by: Jessica Webster, Community Energy Planning Analyst Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY With the assistance of the Canadian Urban Institute and Vive le Monde Mapping March 2015 Disclaimer: This paper was produced by Natural Resources Canada, the Canadian Urban Institute, and Vive le Monde Mapping in conjunction with the Integrated Community Energy Modelling Project 078CE supported by the Clean Energy Fund. Its purpose is to generate dialogue on issues and promising practices relating to the availability, quality, structure, and integration of data required for energy mapping decision support for Canadian municipalities and utilities. Natural Resources Canada and its employees and contractors accept no responsibility and assume no liability or warranties, whether express or implied, for the information presented in this paper. The views and opinions expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent the views of the Government of Canada. ©Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2015 Cat. No. M154-90/2015E-PDF ISBN 978-1-100-25894-2 Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY i Data Issues and Promising Practices for Integrated Community Energy Mapping Acknowledgements Natural Resources Canada gratefully acknowledges contributions from the following individuals to this discussion paper. The positions and organization listed are those held at the time of the individual’s contribution. Mike Bartholomew, Business Systems Analyst GIS, City of Guelph Graeme Boyce, Senior Business Intelligence Analyst, Enbridge Gas Distribution Kim Boyd, Lead Business Analyst, BC Assessment Ken Church, Communities Team Leader, Natural Resources Canada Neil Freeman, Vice-President, Business Development, Horizon Utilities Cariad Garratt, Principal, Pinna Consulting Simon Geraghty, Senior Engineering Researcher, Canadian Urban Institute Brent Gilmour, Vice President, Urban Solutions, Canadian Urban Institute Hugo Haley, District Energy Advisor, City of Vancouver Caroline Jackson, Environmental Manager, City of North Vancouver Rob Kerr, Energy Manager, City of Guelph Brett Korteling, Principal, Vive le Monde Mapping Katelyn Margerm, Senior Engineering Researcher, Canadian Urban Institute Adrian Mohareb, Community Energy Manager, City of Prince George Juan Carlos Molina, GIS Specialist, Canadian Urban Institute Simon Riopel, Geospatial Advisor, Natural Resources Canada Ed Seaward, Manager Market Opportunity Development, Union Gas Limited Stuart Smith, Enterprise Solution Architect, London Hydro Mary Storzer, Senior Planner, BC Ministry of Community, Sport and Cultural Development Raphael Sussman, Coordinator, Land Information Ontario Michael Wilson, Principal, Enerficiency Consulting Eric Wright, Geomatics Engineer, Natural Resources Canada Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY ii Data Issues and Promising Practices for Integrated Community Energy Mapping Executive Summary Municipalities, utilities, and the public can use energy mapping to make informed decisions on energy end use and renewable supply options in the built environment. Integrated community energy mapping (ICEM) is an emerging mapping and modelling approach that leverages existing and new datasets and available building and technology energy modelling software in combination with geographic information systems (GIS) to provide scalable spatial decision support to energy and emissions planning, policy, and program development, and their implementation and verification. Applications include energy and emissions inventories for municipalities, and utility conservation demand management and demand-side management program planning, implementation, and identification of smart energy network opportunities. ICEM is a key component of a consistent methodology for characterizing energy and emissions in communities. Outcomes include achieving energy conservation and greenhouse gas reduction targets, offsetting energy infrastructure renewal costs, and realizing energy cost savings for residents, businesses, and organizations. Similar Issues Observed Across Energy Mapping Projects Natural Resources Canada has led and supported ICEM research projects since 2008. The projects faced similar data challenges. This report outlines municipal and utility user needs for energy mapping, providing the basis for a detailed investigation of common technical barriers and knowledge gaps in working with ICEM data inputs. The datasets required to map and model baseline and future energy, emissions, and costs scenarios for the housing and building stock are explored. Two case studies describe collaborative and data issues: the Integrated Energy Mapping for Ontario Communities (IEMOC) project and the Spatial Community Energy Carbon and Cost Characterization (SCEC3) model for Prince George, BC. For each dataset and distinct data integration activity, specific issues are described. Themes that emerge include access, structure, level of geography, and consistency. Importantly, the protection of personal and commercially sensitive information is not an issue but rather a prerequisite to be addressed for datasets individually and when integrated. The data issues encountered in energy mapping projects to date are typically larger than can be tackled by individual proponents on a project basis. They are of concern because they translate into quality issues that impact the reliability, replicability, accuracy, and cost effectiveness of energy mapping initiatives and, by extension, the policy, planning and programs being designed, implemented and monitored. This paper aims to identify and describe the data issues so they may be resolved systematically by organizations working collaboratively to implement promising Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY iii Data Issues and Promising Practices for Integrated Community Energy Mapping practices to advance community energy planning and utility conservation and infrastructure planning. Best and Promising Practices A number of best and promising practices for ICEM were used successfully in the IEMOC and SCEC3 projects to respond to data issues; a third case study, the Tract and Neighbourhood Data Modelling (TaNDM) project, offers new methods for data integration and aggregation. The best and promising practices cover the themes of collaboration, access, consistency, structure, and level of geography. Guidance from these three projects is augmented in this discussion with information from NRCan’s Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure (CGDI). Best organizational practices enabling data access for clearly defined purposes include commitment to collaboration and continuous improvement, conducting user needs assessments, developing use cases, defining scopes, and gathering data requirements. Data should be evaluated to determine sensitivities and shared to enable further research and development of authoritative and useful data products. Requirements around privacy and the commercial value of data must be respected and managed appropriately; privacy impact assessments, privacy protection principles, non-disclosure agreements, and data licenses are useful mechanisms. Obtaining data closest to the source is another best practice that, although organizational in nature, will reduce project risk by accessing the most relevant and authoritative data. Seeking clarification on structural and consistency issues from data custodians is also recommended. Although not all datasets needed for energy mapping are yet accessible via open data, this best practice shows how governments can make administrative datasets more readily available. Best practices to improve data consistency include developing authoritative parcel fabrics and civic addressing on a provincial basis, although this may be precluded in some jurisdictions for commercial reasons. Further best practice guidance is required on greenhouse gas emissions factors, capital costs, and the use of modelled energy data. All of these datasets and associated best practice guidance will provide a strong foundation for energy mapping when openly accessible in all jurisdictions. Promising practices to improve consistency include assessing the data to determine its highest and best use for energy modelling and mapping, identifying standard building categories across collaborating organizations, and developing standard building information reports. To tackle issues relating to level of geography, sharing data (under prescribed conditions as defined by non-disclosure agreements and/or data licenses) at the finest spatial resolution—at the level of the parcel, building, and energy meter — is recommended. Data integration at this scale is considered a promising practice as it enables the data integration to be done once; if maintained, this integrated dataset can serve multiple purposes. Linking all data to a unique numeric identifier, maintaining direct database/geodatabase linkages, and additional data tables to link building and unit attributes are promising practices
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