DOCSLIB.ORG

Discovery of an Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys Temminckii) Population in Metropolitan Houston, Harris County, Texas

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Discovery of an Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys Temminckii) Population in Metropolitan Houston, Harris County, Texas Discovery of an Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) Population in Metropolitan Houston, Harris County, Texas Eric Munscher, Jordan Gray, Arron Tuggle, Day B. Ligon, Valeria Gladkaya, Carl Franklin, Chris Drake, Viviana Ricardez, Brian P. Butterfield, Kelly Norrid, and Andrew Walde No. 32 Urban Naturalist 2020 Urban Naturalist Board of Editors ♦ The Urban Naturalist is a peer-reviewed and Myla Aronson, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, edited interdisciplinary natural history journal USA with a global focus on urban areas (ISSN 2328- Joscha Beninde, University of California at Los Angeles, 8965 [online]). CA, USA ... Editor Sabina Caula, Universidad de Carabobo, Naguanagua, ♦ The journal features research articles, notes, Venezuela and research summaries on terrestrial, fresh- Sylvio Codella, Kean University, Union New Jersey, USA water, and marine organisms and their habitats. Julie Craves, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, ♦ It offers article-by-article online publication MI, USA for prompt distribution to a global audience. Ana Faggi, Universidad de Flores/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina ♦ It offers authors the option of publishing large Leonie Fischer, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, files such as data tables, and audio and video Germany clips as online supplemental files. Chad Johnson, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, ♦ Special issues - The Urban Naturalist wel- USA comes proposals for special issues that are based Kirsten Jung, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany Erik Kiviat, Hudsonia, Bard College, Annandale-on- on conference proceedings or on a series of in- Hudson, NY, USA vitational articles. Special issue editors can rely Sonja Knapp, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental on the publisher’s years of experiences in ef- Research–UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany ficiently handling most details relating to the David Krauss, City University of New York, New York, publication of special issues. NY, USA Mark Laska, Great Ecology, consulting, La Jolla, CA, USA ♦ Indexing - As is the case with the Institute's Zdenka Lososova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia first 3 journals (Northeastern Naturalist, South- Joerg-Henner Lotze, Eagle Hill Institute, Steuben, ME ... eastern Naturalist, and Journal of the North Publisher Atlantic), the Urban Naturalist is expected to Kristi MacDonald, Hudsonia, Bard College, Annandale-on- be fully indexed in Elsevier, Thomson Reuters, Hudson, NY, USA Ian MacGregor-Fors, Insituto de Ecología Mexico, Web of Science, Proquest, EBSCO, Google Veracruz, Mexico Scholar, and other databases. Tibor Magura, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary ♦ The journal's staff is pleased to discuss ideas Brooke Maslo, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, for manuscripts and to assist during all stages of USA manuscript preparation. The journal has a page Mark McDonnell, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia charge to help defray a portion of the costs of Mike McKinney, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, publishing manuscripts. Instructions for Authors USA are available online on the journal’s website Desirée Narango, City University of New York, New York, (http://www.eaglehill.us/urna). NY, USA ♦ It is co-published with the Northeastern Natu- Mitchell Pavao-Zuckerman, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA ralist, Southeastern Naturalist, Caribbean Natu- Joseph Rachlin, Lehman College, City University of New ralist, Eastern Paleontologist, Eastern Biolo- York, New York, NY, USA gist, and Journal of the North Atlantic. Travis Ryan, Center for Urban Ecology, Butler University, ♦ It is available online in full-text version on the Indianapolis, IN, USA journal's website (http://www.eaglehill.us/urna). Michael Strohbach, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Geoecology, Braunschweig, Germany Arrangements for inclusion in other databases Katalin Szlavecz, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, are being pursued. MD, USA Paige Warren, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA Alan Yeakley, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA Iriana Zuria, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo, Mexico Cover Photograph: Adult female Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) captured within our study site in Metropolitan Houston. The background depicts the broken and atypical landscape that we are finding this species in within this location. Photograph © Hailey J. Munscher. The Urban Naturalist (ISSN # 2328-8965) is published by the Eagle Hill Institute, PO Box 9, 59 Eagle Hill Road, Steuben, ME 04680- 0009. Phone 207-546-2821 Ext. 4, FAX 207-546-3042. E-mail: [email protected]. Webpage: http://www.eaglehill.us/urna. Copyright © 2020, all rights reserved. Published on an article by article basis. Special issue proposals are welcome. The Urban Naturalist is an open access journal. Authors: Submission guidelines are available at http://www.eaglehill.us/urna. Co-published journals: The Northeastern Naturalist, Southeastern Naturalist, Caribbean Naturalist, and Eastern Paleontologist, each with a separate Board of Editors. The Eagle Hill Institute is a tax exempt 501(c)(3) nonprofit corporation of the State of Maine (Federal ID # 010379899). 2020 Urban Naturalist No. 32 2020 E.Urban Munscher, Naturalist et al. 32:1–13 Discovery of an Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) Population in Metropolitan Houston, Harris County, Texas Eric Munscher1, 2*, Jordan Gray1, Arron Tuggle2, Day B. Ligon3, Valeria Gladkaya1, Carl Franklin4, Chris Drake5, Viviana Ricardez4, Brian P. Butterfield6, Kelly Norrid7, and Andrew Walde1 Abstract - Habitat loss through urbanization is an important threat to many wildlife species. While some species thrive in suboptimal urbanized conditions, many species appear to be incapable of adapt- ing to urbanization. Despite the adaptability of some reptile species to urban habitats, populations are often small in comparison to those that inhabit areas outside of urban areas where habitat alterations are far less extreme and suitable habitat more expansive. Globally, a disproportionate number of turtle species are facing population declines, local and regional extirpations, and extinction. In the United States, many species are suffering regional population declines. The Alligator Snapping Turtle is the largest species of freshwater turtle in the United States. Despite its large geographic range, distribu- tion data gaps exist for this iconic species. Notably, research on this species in the westernmost portion of its Texas range has been sporadic and not all-encompassing. In surveys beginning in 2016, we docu- mented the presence of a seemingly robust Alligator Snapping Turtle population inhabiting waterways in and around Harris County, Texas, the third most-populous county in the United States. We trapped turtles on a monthly basis from December 2016–October 2018 and captured 23 males, 22 females, and 12 juveniles. Catch-per-unit effort, expressed as captures per net-night, ranged from 0.00–0.83 turtles per net-night, with an overall rate of 0.40 turtles per net-night. Future work with this population should include increasing trapping efforts to calculate population estimates and demographics such as density, biomass, and annual survivability. Introduction Habitat loss is one of the most significant factors driving declines of reptiles world- wide (Gibbons et al. 2000), and urbanization, in particular, can dramatically affect reptile diversity and ecology (Hamer and McDonnell 2010, Hunt et al. 2013, Rebelo et al. 2011). However, while many species are simply intolerant of the dramatic environmental changes wrought by urbanization, others manage to persist—and some even thrive—in such frag- mented landscapes. This has been notably true for a small, but diverse, suite of lizard spe- cies such as the Cuban brown anole, Italian wall lizard, and Mediterranean house gecko that thrive in urban environments even outside of their native ranges (Angetter et al. 2011, Burke et al. 2002, Meshaka et al. 2006). City parks and other pockets of relatively undisturbed habitat frequently support other reptiles, as well (Baneville and Bateman 2012, Dawson and Hostetler 2008, Ferguson et al. 2008). Despite the persistence of some reptile species in urban areas, populations are often small in comparison to those that inhabit areas outside 1Turtle Survival Alliance – North American Freshwater Turtle Research Group, 1030 Jenkins Road, Charleston, SC 29407, USA. 2SWCA Environmental Consultants, 10245 West Little York Road, Hous- ton, TX 77040, USA. 3Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 South National Avenue, Springfield, MO 65897, USA. 4TexasTurtles.org, 1001 Denmark Street, Grand Prairie, TX 75050, USA. 5Estancia Electric Company, 2611 Radcliff Drive, Sugarland, TX 77498, USA. 6Freed-Hardeman University, 158 East Main Street, Henderson, TN 38340, USA. 7Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, 14320 Garrett Rd, Houston, TX 77044, USA. *Corresponding author- [email protected]. Manuscript Editor: Travis Ryan 1 2020 Urban Naturalist No. 32 E. Munscher, et al. of cities where habitat alterations are generally less extreme and suitable habitat more ex- pansive (Rebelo et al. 2011). As is true of many turtles world-wide, Macrochelys temminckii (Troost in Harlan) the Alligator Snapping Turtle is declining throughout much of its range (Lovich et al. 2018; Pritchard 1989, 2006; Riedle et al. 2008; Rhodin et al. 2018; Turtle Taxonomy Working Group 2017; Wagner et al. 1996). The species’ distribution
Load more

Recommended publications
  • In AR, FL, GA, IA, KY, LA, MO, OH, OK, SC, TN, and TX): Species in Red = Depleted to the Point They May Warrant Federal Endangered Species Act Listing
    Southern and Midwestern Turtle Species Affected by Commercial Harvest (in AR, FL, GA, IA, KY, LA, MO, OH, OK, SC, TN, and TX): species in red = depleted to the point they may warrant federal Endangered Species Act listing Common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) – AR, GA, IA, KY, MO, OH, OK, SC, TX Florida common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina osceola) - FL Southern painted turtle (Chrysemys dorsalis) – AR Western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) – IA, MO, OH, OK Spotted turtle (Clemmys gutatta) - FL, GA, OH Florida chicken turtle (Deirochelys reticularia chrysea) – FL Western chicken turtle (Deirochelys reticularia miaria) – AR, FL, GA, KY, MO, OK, TN, TX Barbour’s map turtle (Graptemys barbouri) - FL, GA Cagle’s map turtle (Graptemys caglei) - TX Escambia map turtle (Graptemys ernsti) – FL Common map turtle (Graptemys geographica) – AR, GA, OH, OK Ouachita map turtle (Graptemys ouachitensis) – AR, GA, OH, OK, TX Sabine map turtle (Graptemys ouachitensis sabinensis) – TX False map turtle (Graptemys pseudogeographica) – MO, OK, TX Mississippi map turtle (Graptemys pseuogeographica kohnii) – AR, TX Alabama map turtle (Graptemys pulchra) – GA Texas map turtle (Graptemys versa) - TX Striped mud turtle (Kinosternon baurii) – FL, GA, SC Yellow mud turtle (Kinosternon flavescens) – OK, TX Common mud turtle (Kinosternon subrubrum) – AR, FL, GA, OK, TX Alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) – AR, FL, GA, LA, MO, TX Diamond-back terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) – FL, GA, LA, SC, TX River cooter (Pseudemys concinna) – AR, FL,
    [Show full text]
  • THE ECOLOGY of the ALLIGATOR SNAPPING TURTLE, Macrochelys Femminckii, in OKLAHOMA
    THE ECOLOGY OF THE ALLIGATOR SNAPPING TURTLE, Macrochelys temminckii, IN OKLAHOMA By JIMMY DAREN RIEDLE Bachelor ofScience Emporia State University Emporia, Kansas 1995 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College ofthe Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 2001 THE ECOLOGY OF THE ALLIGATOR SNAPPING TURTLE, Macrochelys temminckii, IN OKLAHOMA ----~--=----,D:::::-~Gr~-ge---- II ACKNOWLEDGMENTS There are many individuals and organizations that I would like to thank for their support, encouragement, and motivation towards completing this project. I wish to express my deepest gratitude towards my major advisor, Dr. Stanley F. Fox for his guidance, advice and just giving me a chance. I also would like to thank my other committee members, Dr. David M. Leslie, Jr. and Or. Chuck C. Peterson for their guidance. I extend my deepest gratitude to myoId friend Paul Shipman for many fine field trips in many fine locales and for forcibly coercing me into taking over this project in the first place. I also want to thank Steve Beredzen at Sequoyah National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, and the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit for financial, and logistical support. I extend extra appreciation to Shane Kasson, Gary Williams, and the rest of the crew at equoyah National Wildlife Refuge for putting up with me on a daily basis and providing me with the occasional evening entertainment and free beer. I wish to express a special thanks to all the people, both paid employees and volunteers who helped me in the field during the course ofthis project.
    [Show full text]
  • Turtles of the Upper Mississippi River System
    TURTLES OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER SYSTEM Tom R. Johnson and Jeffrey T. Briggler Herpetologists Missouri Department of Conservation Jefferson City, MO March 27, 2012 Background: A total of 13 species and subspecies of turtles are known to live in the Upper Mississippi River, its backwaters and tributaries. There are a few species that could be found occasionally, but would likely account for less than 5% of the species composition of any area. These species are predominantly marsh animals and are discussed in a separate section of this paper. For additional information on turtle identification and natural history see Briggler and Johnson (2006), Christiansen and Bailey (1988), Conant and Collins (1998), Ernst and Lovich (2009), Johnson (2000), and Vogt (1981). This information is provided to the fisheries field staff of the LTRM project so they will be able to identify the turtles captured during fish monitoring. The most current taxonomic information of turtles was used to compile this material. The taxonomy followed in this publication is the Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding (6th edition) by Crothers (2008). Species Identification, Natural History and Distribution: What follows is a synopsis of the 13 turtle species and subspecies which are known to occur in the Upper Mississippi River environs. Species composition changes between the upper and lower reaches of the LTRM study area (Wisconsin/Minnesota state line and southeastern Missouri) due to changes in aquatic habitats. For example, the Northern Map Turtle (Graptemys geographica) is abundant in the northern portion of the river with clearer water and abundant snail prey.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Name: ALLIGATOR SNAPPING TURTLE
    Common Name: ALLIGATOR SNAPPING TURTLE Scientific Name: Macrochelys temminckii (Harlan) Other Commonly Used Names: loggerhead turtle, alligator turtle Previously Used Scientific Names: Macroclemys temminckii Family: Chelydridae Rarity Ranks: G3G4/S3 State Legal Status: Threatened Federal Legal Status: none Description: One of the largest freshwater turtle species in the world, the alligator snapping turtle may obtain weights over 100 kg (220 lbs) and carapace lengths up to 80 cm (31½ inches). The carapace is broad and relatively flat and bears three jagged ridges along its length, prominent in all but the oldest of individuals. In addition, the presence of 1-5 (usually 2-3 in Georgia individuals) supramarginal scutes is unique to this species. The carapace is dark-brown to reddish-brown and patternless. The similarly colored plastron is very reduced and cross-shaped. The enormous head, which has earned it the nickname "loggerhead," is triangular in shape and has an elongated snout with strongly hooked jaws. The skin is typically dark brown in color, but some individuals may be flesh-colored. Many small dermal projections are present on the chin and neck. The relatively long tail has three dorsal rows of tubercles. Similar Species: Common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) are similar in color and general appearance but have less conspicuous carapace ridges, a much smaller head with no elongation of the snout, lack supramarginal scutes, and have a jagged keel on the tail. Further, common snappers are frequently seen on land while alligator snappers almost never leave the water except to nest. Habitat: Large streams and rivers (and associated impoundments) draining to the Gulf of Mexico are the habitat for this reptile.
    [Show full text]
  • Joint Annual Meeting of the Turtle Survival Alliance and Iucn Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group
    JOINT ANNUAL MEETING OF THE TURTLE SURVIVAL ALLIANCE AND IUCN TORTOISE & FRESHWATER TURTLE SPECIALIST GROUP 7TH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY OF TORTOISES AND FRESHWATER TURTLES PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, USA AUGUST 5-8, 2009 CONFERENCE SPONSOR CONFERENCE HOST ADDITIONAL SUPPORT GENEROUSLY PROVIDED BY BRETT AND NANCY STEARNS, CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION, REPTILES MAGAZINE AND CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL Burmese roof turtle painting commemorates one of TSA’s signature conservation programs This is the second in a series of turtle paintings by noted reptile artist Tell Hicks that commemorate TSA programs to save critically endangered species. The Burmese roof turtle print is timely in that it comes on the heels of two significant milestones in this program’s history: the Species Recovery Plan workshop held January 2009 and the first worldwide captive breeding for this species in 2008, both occurring in Mandalay, Myanmar. The enigmatic Burmese roof turtle, Batagur (Kachuga) trivittata, had not been recorded by scientists since the 1930’s and was “rediscovered” in 2002 when specimens turned up in a Hong Kong market and in a Mandalay temple pond. Gerald Kuchling is credited with recognizing the specimens - a male and two females - in the temple pond and took decisive action to move them to the Yadanabon Zoo to start a captive breeding program. His efforts to locate remnant wild populations were successful and he was able to further expand the captive population. Gerald Kuchling’s landmark effort to save B. trivittata is just one of the reasons that he was selected as the recipient of the 2009 John Behler Chelonian Conservation Award.
    [Show full text]
  • North Louisiana Refuges Complex: Freshwater Turtle Inventory
    NORTH LOUISIANA REFUGES COMPLEX: FRESHWATER TURTLE INVENTORY USFWS Award No: F17PX01556 John L. Carr, Aaron C. Johnson & J. Benjamin Grizzle November 2020 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 4 Inventory and Monitoring Branch for USFWS Award No. F17PX01556, “Freshwater Turtle Inventory of the North Louisiana Refuges Complex”. In addition, this report incorporates data from other, complementary projects that were funded by a variety of sources. This has been done in order to provide a more fulsome picture of knowledge on the turtle fauna of the refuges within the Complex. These other projects were funded in part by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Federal Aid, through the State Wildlife Grants Program (series of projects targeting the Alligator Snapping Turtle and map turtles). Other sources include data collected for grant activities funded by USGS-BRD (Cooperative Agreement No. 99CRAG0017), funding from the Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries Foundation beginning in 1998, funding directly from LDWF (2000-2002), The Nature Conservancy (contract #LAFO_022309), Friends of Black Bayou, the Turtle Research Fund of the University of Louisiana at Monroe Foundation, and the Kitty DeGree Professorship in Biology (2011-2017). U.S. Fish and Wildlife personnel helped facilitate our work by granting access to all parts of the refuges at various times, and providing a series of Special Use Permits over 20+ years. We acknowledge Lee Fulton, Joe McGowan, Brett Hortman, Kelby Ouchley, and George Chandler for facilitating our work on refuges over the years; in particular, we thank Gypsy Hanks for long-sustained support and cooperation, especially during the course of the current project.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Invertebrate Infestation and Its Correlation with Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta Caretta) Nest Success in Laganas Bay, Zakynthos, Greece
    The effect of invertebrate infestation and its correlation with loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) nest success in Laganas Bay, Zakynthos, Greece Adam J. Andrews1, Andrew C. Smith1, ALan F. Rees2 & Dimitris Margaritoulis2 1Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK (E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]); 2ARCHELON, Solomou 57, GR104-32 Athens, Greece (E-mail:[email protected], [email protected]) Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) nests are vulnerable to relative threat of this source of predation of sea turtle eggs (Bolton predators and scavengers, including invertebrates (Paris et al. 2002). et al. 2008). Dipteran larvae (Phoridae and Sarcophagidae) have been found to At the rookery level, infestation may be high, with reports of infest loggerhead and green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) nests both 90% (Lopes 1982) and 84.6% (Hall & Parmenter 2006) of nests in northern Cyprus (Broderick & Hancock 1997; McGowan et al. being infested. However, at nest level, infestation is typically much 2001a), and Australia (Hall & Parmenter 2006), green sea turtle lower, e.g., 10.6% (Broderick & Hancock 1997), 0.8% (McGowan nests in Costa Rica and Mexico (Fowler 1979; Lopes 1982), as well et al. 2001a) and 3.6% (Katılmış et al. 2006) of eggs within a nest as hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) (Bjorndal et al. 1985) and being infested. In terms of nest success, Gautreau (2007) noted that leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) nests in Costa Rica it was not significantly lower for infested leatherback nests in Costa (Gautreau 2007). In the Mediterranean, coleopteran larvae were Rica, as did Bolton et al. (2008) for spiny softshell turtles (Apalone found to infest loggerhead nests in Turkey (Baran & Türkozan 1996) spinifera) in Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Conference of the Parties to The
    Conference of the Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES); Seventeenth Regular Meeting: Taxa Being Considered for Amendments to the CITES Appendices The United States, as a Party to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), may propose amendments to the CITES Appendices for consideration at meetings of the Conference of the Parties. The seventeenth regular meeting of the Conference of the Parties to CITES (CoP17) is scheduled to be held in South Africa, September 24 to October 5, 2016. With this notice, we describe proposed amendments to the CITES Appendices (species proposals) that the United States might submit for consideration at CoP17 and invite your comments and information on these proposals. Please note that we published an abbreviated version of this notice in the Federal Register on August 26, 2015, in which we simply listed each species proposal that the United States is considering for CoP17, but we did not describe each proposal in detail or explain the rationale for the tentative U.S. position on each species. CITES is an international treaty designed to control and regulate international trade in certain animal and plant species that are affected by trade and are now, or potentially may become, threatened with extinction. These species are listed in the Appendices to CITES, which are available on the CITES Secretariat’s website at http://www.cites.org/sites/default/files/eng/app/2015/E-Appendices-2015-02-05.pdf. Currently, 181 Parties, including the United States, have joined CITES.
    [Show full text]
  • Year of the Turtle News No
    Year of the Turtle News No. 9 September 2011 Basking in the Wonder of Turtles www.YearoftheTurtle.org Taking Action for Turtles: Year of the Turtle Federal Partners Work to Protect Turtles Across the U.S. Last month, we presented a look at the current efforts being undertaken by many state agencies across the U.S. in an effort to protect turtles nationwide. Federal efforts have been equally important. With hundreds of millions of acres of herpetofaunal habitats under their stewardship, and their many biologists and resource managers, federal agencies play a key role in managing turtle populations in the wild, including land management, supporting and conducting scientific studies, and in regulating and protecting rare and threatened turtles and tortoises. What follows is a collection of work being done by federal agency partners to discover new scientific information and to manage turtles and tortoises across the U.S. – Terry Riley, National Park Service, PARC Federal Agencies Coordinator Alligator Snapping Turtles at common and distributed throughout habitat use, distribution, home Sequoyah National Wildlife all of the area’s major river systems. range, and age structure. Currently, Refuge*, Oklahoma Current populations have declined the refuge collaborates with Alligator The appearance of an Alligator dramatically and now are restricted Snapping Turtle researchers from Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys to a few remote or protected Oklahoma State University, Missouri temminckii) is nearly unforgettable locations. Habitat alterations and More Federal Turtle Projects on p. 8 – the spiked shell, the beak-like jaw, overharvest have likely contributed the thick, scaled tail, not to mention to their declines. Sequoyah National the unique worm-like appendage that Wildlife Refuge boasts one of the lures their prey just close enough to healthiest populations in the state.
    [Show full text]
  • The Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys Temminckii) Is the Largest Freshwater Turtle in North America
    TheThe AlligatorAlligator SnappingSnapping TurtleTurtle [[MacrochelysMacrochelys ((MacroclemysMacroclemys)) temminckiitemminckii]:]: A review of ecology, life history, and conservation, with demographic analyses of the sustainability of take from wild populations a report to: Division of Scientific Authority United States Fish and Wildlife Service prepared by: Robert N. Reed, PhD Justin Congdon, PhD J. Whitfield Gibbons, PhD Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USA ...Table of Contents... Executive summary ................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................... 2 Taxonomy, distribution, and systematics................................................................................................. 2 Ecology and Natural History ................................................................................................................... 3 Size and growth rates ............................................................................................................... 3 Longevity and age at first reproduction ..................................................................................... 3 Reproductive biology ................................................................................................................ 4 Survivorship ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ontogeny of Gonad and Genital Morphology in Juvenile Alligator Snapping Turtles (Macrochelys Temminckii)
    Herpetological Conservation and Biology 9(1):146–155. Submitted: 23 July 2013; Accepted: 15 February 2014; Published 13 July 2014. ONTOGENY OF GONAD AND GENITAL MORPHOLOGY IN JUVENILE ALLIGATOR SNAPPING TURTLES (MACROCHELYS TEMMINCKII) DAY B. LIGON1,4, KAY BACKUES2, BRIAN M. FILLMORE3, AND DENISE M. THOMPSON1 1 Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897 2Tulsa Zoo and Living Museum, Tulsa, OK 74115 3Tishomingo National Fish Hatchery, Tishomingo, OK 73460 4Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Abstract.—Juvenile turtles often lack sexually dimorphic morphological features, and as a result in many studies sex is often simply not determined. There are several alternatives for ascertaining sex, but they tend to be error-prone, expensive, time consuming, or require invasive surgery. We compared the age-specific efficacy of laparoscopic evaluation of gonads to cloacoscopic evaluation of genitalia to non-invasively determine sex of juvenile Alligator Snapping Turtles. These techniques were, in turn compared to sex determination by pre-cloaca tail length, an approach frequently used for assessing sex of many turtle species. Laparoscopy was reliable for identifying sex of juveniles as young as eight months and as small as 35 mm midline plastron length, cloacoscopy was reliable for animals that were at least eight years old and at least 165 mm midline plastron length. Tail morphology began to diverge between males and females at approximately 150 mm midline plastron length, but divergence was not complete except among sexually mature animals that were > 295 mm midline plastron length. Thus, laparoscopy likely remains the only reliable technique for sexing small juveniles, but cloacoscopy presents a viable non-invasive alternative for larger juvenile size classes.
    [Show full text]
  • Alligator Snapping Turtle) from Arkansas and Louisiana
    2006 SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST 5(3):443–452 Food Habits of Macrochelys temminckii (Alligator Snapping Turtle) from Arkansas and Louisiana Ruth M. Elsey Abstract - Food habits of 109 Macrochelys temminckii (Alligator Snapping Turtles) collected from Arkansas and Louisiana were studied by examination of stomach and intestinal tract contents from harvested turtles. There was a positive correlation between the turtle carcass mass and the gastrointestinal tract content mass (r = 0.39106, p < 0.0001). The most commonly occurring prey item was fish, followed by Procambarus clarkii (crawfish), molluscs, turtles, insects, and Myocastor coypus (nutria). Other mammalian species occurred infrequently, as did snakes, birds, and crabs. Several species (Dasypus novemcinctus [armadillo], Didelphis virginiana [opossum], Sciurus sp. [squirrel], and Sus scrofa [hogs]) that have not previously been reported as prey items for Alligator Snapping Turtles were noted. Some prey items were recovered in intestinal tracts that were not observed in stomachs, illustrating the importance of examination of the entire gastrointestinal tract when evaluating food habits in this species. The results suggest Alligator Snapping Turtles are opportunistic scavengers able to consume a wide variety of prey species. Introduction Macrochelys temminckii Harlan (Alligator Snapping Turtle) is a large, secretive freshwater turtle found in rivers of several southeastern states (Ernst et al. 1994, Lovich 1993, Pritchard 1989). Limited population data exist, but all range states have enacted laws to limit commercial take of this species, valued for its meat (Buhlmann and Gibbons 1997, Levell 1997, Roman et al. 1999) and thus possibly over-harvested. Recent work in several states has been undertaken to conduct intensive surveys on distri- bution and population status, including Arkansas (Wagner et al.
    [Show full text]