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Technical Journal Vol 20 No. 1 ISSN: 1813-1786 (Print) ISSN: 2313-7770 (Online) Volume No. 20 Indexed & Abstract in: PASTIC SCIENCE ABSTRACTS AGRIS DATABASE ProQuest Products TECHNICAL JOURNAL (Quarterly) for online access please visit http://web.uettaxila.edu.pk/techjournal/index.html 2015 University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Pakistan Vol: 20 No. I (Jan - Mar) Technical Journal, University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Taxila, Pakistan Vol. 20 No. I-2015 Technical Journal A Quarterly Journal of University of Engineering & Technology (UET) Taxila, Pakistan Recognized by Higher Education Commission (HEC) Y Category ISSN: 1813-1786 (Print) ISSN: 2313-7770 (Online) Volume No. 20 (Quarterly) No. I (Jan - Mar) 2015 Phone: 92 - 51 - 9047298 Fax: 92 - 51 - 9047420 E-Mail: [email protected] Patron In-Chief Niaz Ahmad Akhtar Chief Editor Abdul Razzaq Ghumman Managing Editors Mubashar Nawaz Warraich, TI Muhammad Anwar General Editor Asif Ali Technical Journal is abstracted and indexed in ProQuest Products, Agris, Pakistan Science Abstract, Ulrich periodic directory plus Pastic Indexing Service. EDITORIAL OFFICE: General Editor Technical Journal Central Library, University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Taxila, Pakistan i Technical Journal, University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Taxila, Pakistan Vol. 20 No. I-2015 EDITORIAL BOARD Peter Palensky Sarosh Hashmat Lodi Austrian Institute of Technology, Energy Civil Engineering & Architecture, NED UET, Department, 1210 Wien, Osterreich Karachi [email protected] [email protected] Patric Kleineidam Khanji Harijan Lahmeyer International GmbH Department of Mechanical Engineering, Head of Department - Wind Energy, Friedberger Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Strasse 173, 61118 Bad Vilbel, Germany Jamshoro. [email protected] [email protected] Brian Norton Iftikhar Hussain Dublin Institute of Technology, Aungier Street Industrial Engineering, UET Peshawar Dublin2, Ireland [email protected] [email protected] Ahsanullah Baloch Assefa M. Melesse Faculty of Engg. Science and Technology, ISRA Department of Earth and Environmental, ECS 339 Univ. Hyderabad Florida International University, Florida [email protected] [email protected] Niaz Ahmad Akhtar Jianzhong Zhang UET Taxila School of Science, Harbin Engineering University, [email protected] Harbin, China [email protected] Abdul Razzaq Ghumman Faculty of Civil & Environmental. Engineering, Rodica Rameer UET Taxila Micro Electronics, School of Electrical [email protected] Engineering & Telecommincation, University of New Southwales Sydney, Australia Mohammad Ahmad Ch. [email protected] Faculty of Electronics & Electrical Engineering, UET Taxila Jun Chang [email protected] School of Information Science and Engineering, Shah Dong University, Jinan, China. Shahab Khushnood [email protected] Faculty of Mechanical & Aeronautical Engineering, UET Taxila G. D. Peng [email protected] School of Electrical Engineering & Telecommincation, University of New Southwales Mukhtar Hussain Sahir Sydney, Australia Faculty of Industrial Engineering, UET Taxila [email protected] [email protected] Abdul Ghafoor Adeel Akram Department of Mechanical Engineering, NUST Faculty of Telecom & Information Engineering, Campus, Islamabad UET Taxila [email protected] [email protected] M. Mazhar Saeed Mumtaz Ahmad Kamal Research & Development, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Higher Education Commission Pakistan UET Taxila [email protected] [email protected] Farrukh Kamran M. Shahid Khalil CASE, Islamabad Faculty of Mechanical & Aeronautical [email protected] Engineering, UET Taxila [email protected] Haroon ur Rasheed PIEAS, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad Saeed Ahmad [email protected] Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, UET Taxila Abdul Sattar Shakir [email protected] Faculty of Civil Engineering, UET Lahore [email protected] ii Technical Journal, University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Taxila, Pakistan Vol. 20 No. I-2015 CONTENTS Page No. 1. Analysis of Moisture Susceptibility of Different Loose Coated Asphalt Mixtures 01 M. U. Farooqi, N. Ahmad, M. A. Kamal, J. Hussain, I. Hafeez, K. Riaz 2. Simulation of Daily Rainfall Through Markov Chain Modeling 09 N. Sadiq 3. A Novel Approach for the Reuse of the Textile Bleaching Wastewater 18 I. A. Shaikh, E. Suhail, S. Munir 4. Lahore's Groundwater Depletion-A Review of the Aquifer Susceptibility to 26 Degradation and its Consequences S. Kanwal, H. F. Gabriel, K. Mahmood, R. Ali, A. Haidar, T. Tehseen 5. Analysis of Different Power Grid Segmentation and Transmission Schemes for Power 39 System Security Improvement U. T. Shami, R. Naeem, M. S. Chaudhary 6. Modeling Greenhouse Gases Emissions from MSW of Lahore 50 S. Munir, M. Baqar, N. Saeed, M. Zameer, I. A. Shaikh 7. Effect of Fines Content on Dry and Saturated Indirect Tensile Strength of Hot Mix 54 Asphalt Mixtures S. Maqbool, A. H. Khan, A. Inam, T. Sultan, M. U. Rashid, M. A. Rizvi 8. Numerical Modeling of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (HyFRC) 62 R. Hameed, A. Sellier, A. Turatsinze, F. Duprat 9. Urbanization and its Impacts on Founded Areas of Big Cities in Pakistan: Case Studies 71 of “Ichra” and “Sanda” Areas in Lahore A. Aziz, I. Ahmad, S. M. Mayo, R. Hameed, O. Nadeem 10. Effect of Cold Work on the Age Hardening Behaviour of Al 2014 Al alloy 76 M. S. Khan, A. Salam, N. Ikram 11. Optimization Strategies for Improving Irrigation Water Management of Lower 81 Jhelum Canal M. U. Rashid, A. Latif, U. Ghani,S. Ali, A. H. Khan, F. Shabbir 12. Reduction of Computational Time for a Robust Kalman Filter Through Leroux 91 Gueguen Algorithm N. Khan, M. I. Khattak, T. Bhatti, Asad Ullah, S. R. Shah Discover papers in this journal online http://web.uettaxila.edu.pk/techjournal/index.html Views expressed in this journal are exactly those by authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of University of Engineering and Technology or Patron In-Chief iii Technical Journal, University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Taxila, Pakistan Vol. 20 No. I-2015 Analysis of Moisture Susceptibility of Different Loose Coated Asphalt Mixtures M. U. Farooqi12, N. Ahmad , M. A. Kamal34, J. Hussain , I. Hafeez5, K. Riaz6 1,2,3,4,5,6Civil Engineering Department, University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila, Pakistan [email protected] Abstract-The durability is one of the significant major factors that caused moisture-related problems: properties of bituminous paving mixtures. It is shown adhesive failure, bitumen stripping off the aggregate that moisture damage is one of the primary factors surface and cohesive failure which is due to the loss of affecting the durability of the mixtures. Moisture mixture stiffness. Moisture-related problems do not damage is basically a combined result of two occur without the presence of water and traffic, which mechanisms: a) Loss of adhesion between the bitumen provides energy to break the adhesive bonds and cause and aggregate interface and b) Loss of cohesion in the cohesive failures. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles can also mixture along with several other factors like the accelerate the distress in the pavement. changes in binders, aggregates qualities and something Since the performance of Asphalt mixtures under else. the affect of moisture is a very complex issue, various The aim of this study is therefore to examine the researches have been made to simulate the moisture moisture sensitivity, of different combinations of five damage in the past years. Asphalt technologists have different kinds of aggregate quarries/sources and six carried out many attempts to develop laboratory tests to binder types of different penetration grade and distinguish between good and poor performing properties, and compare the performance of these bituminous mixes in regard to moisture damage dating combinations between four laboratory tests: Static back to the 1920s and classified the tests to identify the Immersion Test, Total Water Immersion Test (TWIT) moisture damage resistance of an asphalt mixture into Test, Boiling TWIT Test and Rolling Bottle Test. The two major categories: those on loose mixtures and tests have been carried out at the Taxila Institute of those on compacted mixtures. [ii] Transportation Engineering (TITE) to obtain the data for loose coated bituminous paving mixtures. The results show that the combination of Margallah II. PROBLEM STATEMENT aggregate source and ELVALOY Polymer Modified Bitumen provides best resistance against moisture Adhesion and water proofing characteristics of damage and Rolling Bottle Test is the best test to bitumen made it a widely used binder in roadway discriminate between different loose coated Asphalt pavements. However, structural and functional mixtures, irrespective of time taken by the test. integrity of bituminous paving mixtures, due to loss of adhesion between bitumen and aggregate surfaces and Keywords-Moisture Sensitivity Tests, ELVALOY, loss of cohesion of asphalt, can be easily damaged Polymer Modified Binder, Rolling Bottle Test, under moisture conditions. Both mechanisms generally Margallah. result in a reduction of strength and/or stiffness of the mixture and, thus, its effectiveness to accommodate I. INTRODUCTION traffic-induced stresses and strains. Consequently, the water-damaged pavement layer is prone to stripping i.e. WATER is majorly influencing the physical and physical separation of the bitumen from
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