COUNTRY MANUAL FOR WORKERS ON

TEMPORARY CONTRACTUAL EMPLOYMENT

TO

INDONESIA

This document can also be used as Pre-Departure Information Manual

March 2014 Country Manual - Indonesia

CONTENTS

PART – I ...... 4 GENERAL INFORMATION FOR OVERSEAS MIGRANTS ...... 4 1. Definition ...... 4 2. The Present Situation ...... 4 3. The Emigration Act ...... 4 4. Service Charge ...... 4 5. Emigration Check Required (ECR) Category ...... 4 6. Countries with ECR status ...... 5 7. List of persons / categories of workers for whom Emigration Check is not required ...... 5 8. Guidelines for Emigration Clearance ...... 6 8.1. Procedure for Emigration Clearance ...... 6 9. Applying for Emigration Clearance ...... 6 9.1. Documents required for Emigration Clearance: Semi-Skilled Workers ...... 6 9.2. Documents required for Emigration Clearance: Unskilled Workers ...... 7 9.3. Documents required for Emigration Clearance (Through Project Exporter) ...... 7 10. Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana (PBBY) ...... 8 10.1. Salient features of PBBY w.e.f. 1/04/2008 ...... 8 10.2. Insurance Companies providing PBBY ...... 9 10.3. Claim Procedure under PBBY ...... 9 10.4. Verification of the genuineness of visa/ employment documents ...... 10 11. Indian Nationals working with ‘Visit visa’ ...... 10 12. Employment Contract ...... 10 12.1. Essential Terms for a Contract ...... 10 12.2. Obtaining copy of the contract while in India ...... 11 13. Important Documents ...... 11 14. Check Before Departure ...... 11 15. In the country of your employment ...... 11 16. Customs Formalities ...... 12 17. Precautions ...... 12 18. Important Contacts ...... 13 19. List of Offices of Protector of Emigrants in India ...... 14 20. Information available on the website of MOIA ...... 14 PART – II ...... 15

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COUNTRY MANUAL - INDONESIA...... 15 1. Introduction ...... 15 2. Time Zone ...... 15 3. Location & Size ...... 15 4. Population ...... 16 5. Major Cities ...... 16 6. Climate ...... 16 7. Natural Resources ...... 17 8. History ...... 17 9. Age Composition ...... 18 10. Ethnic Composition ...... 18 11. Languages ...... 18 12. Currency ...... 19 13. Economy ...... 19 13.1. Economic Challenges ...... 20 14. Relations with India ...... 21 14.1. Bilateral Trade with India ...... 22 15. Labour Market ...... 22 16. Labour Law ...... 23 17. Criminal Laws ...... 23 18. Political Setup ...... 24 19. Religion ...... 25 20. Religious Freedom ...... 26 21. Social Life in Indonesia ...... 26 22. Socio-Cultural Customs ...... 26 23. Expatriate Life Style in Indonesia ...... 28 23.1. Meeting & Greeting ...... 28 23.2. Hands and Body Gesture ...... 29 23.3. Forms of Address and Communication Styles...... 30 23.4. Gift Giving Etiquette ...... 30 23.5. Dress Code ...... 31 23.6. Food ...... 32 23.7. Alcohol ...... 32 23.8. Dining Etiquette ...... 32 24. Entry in Indonesia ...... 33 25. Living Conditions ...... 33

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26. Working Condition ...... 33 27. Accommodation ...... 34 28. Transportation ...... 34 29. Educational Facilities ...... 34 30. Medical Facilities ...... 35 31. Banks, ATMs & Exchange Bureaus ...... 35 32. Holidays ...... 35 32.1. Public Holidays in 2014 ...... 36 33. Media ...... 38 34. Communication Network ...... 38 35. Connectivity to India ...... 39 36. Do’s and Don’ts ...... 39 36.1. Do’s ...... 39 36.2. Don’ts ...... 40 37. Indian Embassy Location: ...... 40 37.1. Timings – Consular / Emergency Services ...... 41 38. Application for a new passport in lieu of Lost / Damaged Passport ...... 41 38.1. Passport Renewal ...... 41 38.2. Miscellaneous Passport Services Available at Embassy of India ...... 42 38.3. Visa Copy Attestation ...... 42 38.4. Affidavit / Declaration ...... 42 39. Documents to be submitted along with the forms for individual service contract – ..... 42 39.1. Individual Employment Contract (Domestic Servants) ...... 42 39.2. Permit for Recruitment (Form VI) and Demand Letter Attestation ...... 43

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PART – I

GENERAL INFORMATION FOR OVERSEAS MIGRANTS

1. Definition

Emigration, in this context, means the departure of any person from India with a view to taking up any employment (whether or not under an agreement or other arrangements to take up such employment, with or without the assistance of a registered Recruiting Agent or employer) in any country or place outside India.

2. The Present Situation

Every year thousands of Indians emigrate in search of job. The effect of economic liberalization in India is visible on labour migrants too. One of the striking features of labour migration from India is that more than 90 per cent of the total outflow is to the Middle East.

3. The Emigration Act

The Emigration Act, 1983, seeks to safeguard the interests and ensure the welfare of emigrants. Only the recruiting agents registered with the Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs are eligible as per the Act to conduct the business of recruitment for overseas employment and they are required to obtain proper Registration Certificates (RC) from the Protector General of Emigrants. The Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs, administers the Emigration Act through the 10 (ten) offices of Protector of Emigrants (POEs). These offices are located at Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Chandigarh, Cochin, Thiruvananthapuram, Hyderabad, Jaipur, and Rae Bareli.

4. Service Charge

No recruiting agent shall collect from the worker the service charges more than the equivalent of his wages for forty-five days as offered under the employment contract, subject to a maximum of twenty thousand rupees, in respect of the services provided and shall issue a receipt to that worker for the amount collected in this regard.

5. Emigration Check Required (ECR) Category

Categories of persons, whose passports have been endorsed as “Emigrant Check Required” (ECR), if intending to travel to an ECR country (Listed below) for employment purposes, are required to obtain emigration from any of the offices of the Protector of Emigrants (POEs) either directly, or through the recruitment agents.

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6. Countries with ECR status

Following is the list of countries for which Emigration Clearance is required before emigrating –

1) Afghanistan 2) Bahrain 3) Indonesia 4) Iraq 5) Jordan 6) Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 7) Kuwait 8) Lebanon 9) Libya 10) Malaysia 11) Oman 12) Qatar 13) Sudan 14) Syria 15) Thailand 16) United Arab Emirates 17) Yemen

7. List of persons / categories of workers for whom Emigration Check is not required

1) All holders of diplomatic / official passports 2) All gazetted government servants 3) All income-tax payers in their individual capacity. 4) All professional degree holders, such as Doctors holding MBBS degrees or Degrees in Ayurveda or Homeopathy; Accredited journalists; Chartered Accountants; Lecturers; Teachers; Scientists; Advocates etc. 5) Spouses and dependent children of category of persons listed from (2) to (4) 6) Persons holding class 10 qualification or higher degrees. 7) Seamen who are in possession of CDC or Sea Cadets, Desk Cadets (i)who have passed final examination of three years B.(Sc.) Nautical Sciences Courses at T S Chankya, Mumbai; and (ii) who have undergone three months pre-sea training at any of the government approved Training Institutes such as T S Chankya, T S Rehman, T S Jawahar, MTI (SCI) and NIPM, Chennai after production of identity cards issued by the Shipping Master, Mumbai/ Kolkata/ Chennai.

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8) Persons holding permanent immigration visas, such as the visas of UK, USA and Australia. 9) Persons possessing two years’ diploma from any institute recognized by the National Council for Vocational Training (NCVT) or State Council of Vocational Training (SCVT) or persons holding three years’ diploma/ equivalent degree from institutions like polytechnics recognized by Central/ State Governments. 10) Nurses possessing qualifications recognized under the Indian Nursing Council Act, 1947. 11) All persons above the age of 50 years. 12) All persons who have been staying abroad for more than three years (the period of three years could be either in one stretch or broken) and spouses. 13) Children below 18 years of age.

8. Guidelines for Emigration Clearance

The procedure for emigration clearance has been simplified. Emigration clearance to individuals/groups is granted on the same day on which the application is made at any of the offices of the Protector of Emigrants (POE).

8.1. Procedure for Emigration Clearance

1) Emigration clearance will be made on the passport when the individual approaches either directly or through a registered Recruiting Agent or through the employer concerned or through Project Exporter 2) No emigration clearance shall be granted for Indian nationals for any Foreign Employer placed in ‘Prior Approval Category’ (PAC)

9. Applying for Emigration Clearance

The application for emigration clearance should be made in the prescribed form with prescribed particulars by the applicant directly or through a Recruiting Agent or through the employer concerned or through Project Exporter to the POE.

9.1. Documents required for Emigration Clearance: Semi-Skilled Workers

Semi-skilled individuals who seek emigration clearance directly from the Protectors of Emigrants (and not through Recruiting Agents) are required to produce the following documents in original for scrutiny and return: 1) Passport valid for a minimum period of six months with valid visa. 2) Employment contract from foreign employer duly attested by the Indian Mission. 3) Challan towards deposit of prescribed fee. 4) Valid Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Policy

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9.2. Documents required for Emigration Clearance: Unskilled Workers

Unskilled workers and women (not below 30 years of age) seeking employment abroad as housemaids/ domestic workers shall continue to furnish (in original) the following documents at the time of obtaining emigration clearance.

1) Passport valid for a minimum period of 2 years with valid Visa. 2) Work agreement from the foreign employer duly attested by the Indian Mission and signed by employer and employee or Permission letter from the concerned Indian Mission/ Post as mentioned below (illustration):

Embassy of India – Embassy of India JL HR Rasuna Said, Kav S-1 Kuningan, Jakarta Selatan, 12950, Indonesia Tel +62-21-5204150 / 52 / 57 / 5264931 Fax +62-21-5204160, 5265622, 5264932, 5226833 E-Mail: [email protected] (Ambassador), [email protected] (Consular & Visa Services) [email protected], [email protected] (Education and Scholarships) [email protected], [email protected] (Commerce and Economic Enquiries) 3) Challan towards deposit of prescribed fee. 4) Valid Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Policy.

9.3. Documents required for Emigration Clearance (Through Project Exporter)

1) Valid Passport (valid for at least 2 years) 2) Valid visa in English language 3) Permit issued by Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs, with effective date of validity. 4) Valid Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Policy.

The Protector of Emigrants (POE) shall, after satisfying the accuracy of the particulars mentioned in the application and in the other documents submitted along the application, grants emigration clearance in the prescribed manner and form. In case there is any deficiency, the POE shall intimate the same by order in writing to the applicant or, as the case may be, the Recruiting Agent or Employer or Project Exporter, through whom the applications have been made about the deficiencies and require him to make good such deficiencies within such time as may be specified in the order or reject the application.

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10. Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana (PBBY)

The Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana (PBBY) is a compulsory Insurance policy scheme for all emigrant workers going abroad for temporary / contractual employment.

10.1. Salient features of PBBY w.e.f. 1/04/2008

 The Insurance policy shall be valid for a minimum period of two years.  An insurance cover of a minimum sum of Rs.10,00,000/- (Rupees Ten Lakhs) payable to the nominee/ legal heir in the event of death or permanent disability of any Indian emigrant who goes abroad for employment purpose after obtaining emigration clearance from concerned Protector of Emigrants (POE).  In case of death, besides the cost of transporting the dead body, the cost incurred on economy class return airfare of one attendant shall also be reimbursed by the Insurance Company. The claim for reimbursement shall be filed with the Insurance Company within ninety days of completion of journey.  In the event of death or permanent disability due to any accident/physical injury sustained while in employment abroad, the Insurance Company shall reimburse the sum assured even after expiry of the insurance policy provided the accident occurred during currency of the insurance cover and claim in this regard is filed within 12 calendar months from the date of the accident.  If the emigrant worker is not received by the employer or if there is any substantive change in the job/Employment Contract/Agreement to the disadvantage of the insured person, or if the employment is prematurely terminated within the period of employment for no fault of the emigrant, the Insurance Company shall reimburse one-way Economy Class airfare, provided the grounds for repatriation are certified by the concerned Indian Mission/Post and the Air-tickets are submitted in original.  A medical insurance cover of a minimum of Rs.75,000/- only in case of hospitalization of the insured worker in an emergency on grounds of accidental injuries and/or sickness/ailments/diseases occurring during the period of Insurance whether in India or in the country of his employment.  The Insurance Company shall either provide cash-less hospitalization and/or reimburse the actual medical expenses in above eventuality, provided the medical treatment is in India.  Hospitalization cover of Rs.50,000/- per annum for the family of the emigrant worker in India consisting of spouse and two dependent children up to twenty one years of age in the event of death or permanent disability of the insured person.  In case of falling sick or declared medically unfit to commence or continue or resume working and the service contract is terminated by the Foreign Employer within the first 12 months of taking the insurance cover, the actual one-way

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Economy Class airfare shall be reimbursed by the Insurance company provided the grounds for repatriation are certified by the concerned Indian Mission/Post and the Air-tickets are submitted in original.  In case the repatriation is arranged by the Indian Mission/Post, the Insurance Company shall reimburse the actual expenses to the concerned Indian Mission/Post.  Maternity benefits to women emigrants, subject to a minimum cover of Rs.25,000/-. In case of medical treatment in the country of employment, the maternity benefits would be provided only if the requisite documents are certified by the concerned Indian Mission/Post. The re-imbursement shall be restricted to actuals.  A cover of Rs.30,000/- for legal expenses incurred by the emigrant in any litigation relating to his/her employment, provided the necessity of filing such case is certified by the appropriate Ministry of that country. The actual expenses incurred will be certified by the concerned Indian Mission/Post.  Actual premiums charged for PBBY policy periods of 2 and 3 years are Rs.275 and Rs.375; plus applicable service tax respectively.

10.2. Insurance Companies providing PBBY

The PBBY policy is available from the following General Insurance Companies –

1) Oriental Insurance Company Ltd. 2) United India Insurance Company Ltd. 3) National Insurance Company Ltd. 4) ICICI Lombard 5) Star Health & Allied Insurance Co. Ltd. 6) IFFCO Tokyo 7) Bajaj Allianz General Insurance Co. Ltd. 8) Reliance General Insurance Co. Ltd.

10.3. Claim Procedure under PBBY

 Insured worker is supposed to have the copy of PBBY insurance policy with him/her. Name of the nominee is so mentioned on the policy, in view of the eventuality of death of insured.  In the event of claim, insured worker/ claimant have to lodge a claim under the policy, with the respective insurance company’s office wherefrom the policy was issued, if not otherwise specifically provided by the insurance company otherwise. While doing so, claimant has to indicate the policy number and details of accident. In the event of death, nominee has to lodge the claim.

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 After intimation of reported claim, insurance company intimates the insured/ claimant the details of documents required to settle the claim. After processing such requisite documents, claim amount is paid to the insured worker/ claimant, as the case may be.

10.4. Verification of the genuineness of visa/ employment documents

The documents may be referred to the Embassy of India (for verification by POE) in the destination country, if necessary, with full particulars of the sponsor company (Name, Address, Telephone and Fax No.), which issued the visa, along with Passport particulars.

11. Indian Nationals working with ‘Visit visa’

Some employers may be bringing people into Indonesia on ‘Visit Visa’ to meet their urgent manpower requirements for short-term work. Under the appropriate Laws, employers are not permitted to bring workers on visit visa. However, short term business work visas are permitted for the skilled and highly specialized categories of workers. In case the employer needs them for further period; employer must arrange employment visa for such workers.

Visit visa is different from employment visa and it is not covered by the labor laws of Indonesia. Thus, the holder of visit visa do not have right to work in Indonesia.

12. Employment Contract

Indian workers are advised to obtain written contract duly signed by the sponsor/ employer company before their arrival in the destination country.

12.1. Essential Terms for a Contract

The contract should contain all important terms of employment as per 15(2) of Emigration Rules. 1) Period employment/ place of employment. 2) Wages and other conditions of service; 3) Free food or food allowance provision; 4) Free accommodation; 5) Provision in regard to disposal, or transportation to India, of dead body of the Emigrant; 6) Working hours, overtime allowance, other working conditions, leave and social security benefits as per local labour laws; 7) To and fro air passage at the employers’ cost; 8) Mode of settlement of disputes; and 9) Medical facilities;

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12.2. Obtaining copy of the contract while in India

As per the instructions of the Government of India, recruitment body is expected to provide a copy of employment contract to each worker before his/ her departure. To safeguard his/ her own interest, an individual worker has to demand from the recruitment agent a copy of the contract duly signed by employer before departure. Complaints may be lodged against defaulting agencies with the nearest Protector of Emigrants or the Protector General of Emigrants

13. Important Documents

Copies of the following documents should be kept by the family members of the worker– 1) Employment contract, 2) Passport, 3) Visa, 4) Certificates of educational qualification, and 5) OWRC Helpline number: 1800 11 3090

14. Check Before Departure

 Ensure you have a valid passport at least for two years. A valid Visa must be either stamped on or accompany your passport. Always keep a photocopy of your passport and visa.  You must possess a copy of the Employment Contract signed by you and your foreign employer duly attested by the registered recruiting agent.  Insist on a copy of Employment Contract in English duly authenticated by the recruiting agent.  Open a Savings Bank N.R.E. Account in one of the Banks in India to enable you to send your remittances from abroad.  Get familiar with local labor laws, working and living conditions of the country of employment. Keep complete address of the Indian Embassy there, with you.

15. In the country of your employment

 Obtain a Resident Permit, or Identity Card, or Labour Card (as applicable) as early as possible after arrival in Indonesia.  DO NOT part with your passport and copy of employment contract signed by you.  DO NOT sign any other employment contract or any blank paper.  DO NOT strike work or resort to agitations.  AVOID all contacts that may result in AIDS – a dreaded disease.

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 Keep in touch with the Indian Mission/Post and report any complaints about non- payment or delayed payment of wages or compensation or any other problem to the Indian Mission.

16. Customs Formalities

 Personal baggage – Customs checking is VERY STRICT. Kindly cooperate with the Customs staff at the International airport.  Ensure that one should not carry any narcotics.  DO NOT accept any unchecked parcel from any one. If you have to take a parcel for someone unknown to you, check thoroughly that it does not contain narcotics. Otherwise, it may land you in serious difficulties on arrival in the country of employment.

17. Precautions

 One must make and keep a photocopy of all the pages of your passport. DO NOT lose your passport or its photocopy.  In case you misplace your passport, inform the nearest Indian Mission immediately giving those details i.e. passport number, date and place of issue, your name and date of your entry into the country of employment. You can give these details only if you keep a photocopy of your passport.  DO NOT lose your copy of the employment contract. Make photocopies and always keep them with you.  You and your family members must have the full name, address, telephone/ fax number of your foreign employer, before you leave India.  If you have difficulty in locating your foreign employer, contact the Indian Mission/Post immediately.  DO NOT accept temporary or permanent employment with another person or establishment other than the sponsoring company/ establishment/ person. Employment with persons other than your original sponsor is strictly prohibited and attracts severe punishment.  Before the visa or employment contract expires, get them renewed. If you are returning to India for a short while during the tenure of your Employment Contract abroad, ensure that the validity period of visa does not expire before you return to the country of employment.  Ensure also that one’s passport is valid. Get it revalidated from the concerned Indian Mission abroad or from the Regional Passport Office (RPO) in India, at least two months before its expiry.

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18. Important Contacts

Embassy of India in Indonesia

Embassy of India JL HR Rasuna Said, Kav S-1 Kuningan, Jakarta Selatan, 12950, Indonesia Tel +62-21-5204150 / 52 / 57 / 5264931 Fax +62-21-5204160, 5265622, 5264932, 5226833 E-Mail: [email protected] (Ambassador), [email protected] (Consular & Visa Services) [email protected], [email protected] (Education and Scholarships) [email protected], [email protected] (Commerce and Economic Enquiries)

1) Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs Government of India Akbar Bhavan, Chanakya Puri, New Delhi-110021 Telephone No. 0091-11-24197900/52 Fax No. 0091-11-24197919 Email: [email protected]

2) Minister of Overseas Indian Affairs Shri Vayalar Ravi, Minister Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs Telephone No. (O) 0091-11-24676836 / 37 / 39 Fax No. (O) 0091-11-24197985 Email: [email protected] Telephone No. (R) 0091-11-23792148 / 49 Fax No. (R) 0091-11-23792142

3) Secretary, MOIA Shri Prem Narain, Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs Telephone No. 0091-11-24674143 / 44 Fax No. : 0091-11-24674140 Email: [email protected]

4) Protector General of Emigrants Shri R.Buhril, Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs Telephone No. 0091-11-26874250 Fax No. : 0091-11-24197984 Email: [email protected]

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19. List of Offices of Protector of Emigrants in India

1. Protector of Emigrants, New Delhi Jaisalmer House, Canteen Block, Mansingh Road, New Delhi-110001 Tel: 0091-11-23382472, Fax: 0091-11-23073908 2. Protector of Emigrants, Mumbai Building E, Khira Nagar, S V Road, Santa Cruz (West), Mumbai-400054 Tel: 0091-22-26614393, Fax: 0091-22-26614353 3. Protector of Emigrants, Thiruvananthapuram 5th Floor, NORKA Centre, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram-695014 Tel: 0091-471-2336625, Fax: 0091-471-2336626 4. Protector of Emigrants, Kochi 3rd Floor, Putherikal Building, Market Road, Kochi-682035. Tel: 0091-484-2360187, Fax: 0091-484-2360187 5. Protector of Emigrants, Chennai TNHB Shopping Complex (Annexe), Ashok Nagar, Chennai-600083 Tel: 0091-44-24891337, Fax: 0091-44-24891337 6. Protector of Emigrants, Chandigarh Kendriya Sadan, 5th Block, Ground Floor, Sector-9A, Chandigarh-160017 Tel: 0091-172-2741790, Fax: 0091-172-2741790 7. Protector of Emigrants, Kolkata Room No.18, A-Wing, 3rd Floor, M.S.O Building, D-F Block, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700084. Tel: 0091-33-23343407, Fax: 0091-33-23343407 8. Protector of Emigrants, Hyderabad Gruhkalpa, Ground Floor, Opposite to Gandhi Bhawan, Nampally, Hyderabad-500001. Tel: 0091-40-24652557, Fax: 0091-40-24652557 9. Protector of Emigrants, Jaipur CFC Building, RIICO, Sitapura Industrial Area, Tonk Road, Jaipur-302022. Tel: 0091-141-2771529, Fax: 0091-141-2771529 10. Protector of Emigrants, Rae Bareli Rudra Plaza, Hospital Road, Opposite Reform Club, Rae Bareli-229001 Tel: 0091-535-2211122

20. Information available on the website of MOIA

 Revised emigration requirements  Recruiting agents having suspended RC  Online emigration clearance system  List of registered recruiting agents with valid RC at poeonline.gov.in  Recruiting agents having cancelled RC  Foreign employers on PAC  Project Exporters at peoonline.gov.in  Emigration Act, 1983  Emigration Rules, 1983 (Amended – 2009)  Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana  Redressal of Public Grievances Information on RAs  Guidelines for recruiting agents/ guidelines for prospective Emigrant workers.

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PART – II

COUNTRY MANUAL - INDONESIA

1. Introduction

Republic of Indonesia (in short Indonesia) is a country in Southeastern Asia and was formerly known as Netherlands East Indies and Dutch East Indies. It is the largest archipelago (chain of islands) in the world. The archipelago is on a crossroad between two oceans, the Pacific and the Indian, and bridges two continents, Asia and Australia. This strategic position has always influenced the cultural, social, political, and economic life of the country.

2. Time Zone

Indonesia is divided into the following three time zones.

Section Standard Time Area Covered Zone Name

West UTC+7 Sumatera, Java, Western Borneo Asia / Jakarta

Central UTC+8 Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Islands, Asia / Ujung Bali, Eastern Borneo Pandang

East UTC+9 Irian Jaya, Maluku Asia / Jayapura

3. Location & Size

At 1,919,440 square kilometers, Indonesia is the world's 15th-largest country in terms of land area and world's 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land area. Indonesia comprises of chain of 17,508 islands between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, about 6,000 of which are inhabited and 1,000 of which are permanently settled.

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These are scattered over both sides of the equator. The largest are Java, Sumatra, Borneo (shared with Brunei and Malaysia), New Guinea (shared with Papua New Guinea), and Sulawesi. Large islands consist of coastal plains with mountainous interiors.

Indonesia shares land borders with Malaysia on Borneo, Papua New Guinea on the island of New Guinea, and East Timor on the island of Timor. Indonesia shares maritime borders across narrow straits with Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Palau to the north, and with Australia to the south. The capital, Jakarta, is on Java and is the nation's largest city, followed by Surabaya, Bandung, Medan, and Semarang.

4. Population

Indonesia is the world's third most populous democracy and the world's largest Muslim- majority nation. According to the 2010 national census, the population of Indonesia is 237.6 million, with high population growth at 1.9%. Population is expected to grow to around 269 million by 2020 and 321 million by 2050. Indonesia’s 58% of the population lives in Java, the world's most populous island. The urban population of Indonesia is estimated as 50.7% of total population.

Indonesia’s average population density is 134 people per square kilometer, 79th in the world, although Java, the world's most populous island, has a population density of 940 people per square kilometer.

Indonesia’s Sex ratio stands at 1 male per female. The literacy rate is 92.8% (95.6% for male and 90.1% for female. Birth rate in Indonesia is estimated at 17.38 births/1,000 population. Life expectancy at birth is 71.9 years (69.33 years for male and 74.59 years for female).

5. Major Cities

Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia with estimated population of 9.121 million. The other major cities are Surabaya, Bandung, Medan and Semarang with estimated population at 2.509 million, 2.412 million, 2.131 million and 1.296 million respectively.

6. Climate

Lying along the equator, Indonesia has a tropical climate, with two distinct monsoonal wet and dry seasons. Average annual rainfall in the lowlands varies from 1,780–3,175 millimeters (70.1–125.0 inches), and up to 6,100 millimeters (240 inches) in mountainous regions. Mountainous areas – particularly in the west coast of Sumatra, West Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua – receive the highest rainfall. Humidity is generally high,

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averaging about 80%. Temperatures vary little throughout the year. The average daily temperature range of Jakarta is 26–30 °C (79–86 °F).

Large areas of forest are being cleared by transnational pulp and palm-oil companies, to be replaced by plantations. As a result, huge areas of Kalimantan have been hit by bush fires, causing massive smog over the entire region. Regional autonomy has made it harder for central government to protect the environment.

7. Natural Resources

Indonesia is an oil producing country with Petroleum as its major natural resource Indonesia is a member country of inter-governmental oil cartel– Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).

Over the years, this endowment of oil resources has been steadily exploited with substantial rents flowing to the government from production and exports of crude oil. The country is also one of the world's largest exporters of another petroleum resource, liquefied natural gas.

The other natural resources found in Indonesia include tin, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold and silver.

Indonesia's location on the edges of the Pacific, Eurasian, and Australian tectonic plates makes it the site of numerous volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. Indonesia has at least 150 active volcanoes, including Krakatoa and Tambora, both famous for their devastating eruptions in the 19th century. The eruption of the Toba super-volcano, approximately 70,000 years ago, was one of the largest eruptions ever, and a global catastrophe. Recent disasters due to seismic activity include the 2004 tsunami that killed an estimated 167,736 in northern Sumatra and the Yogyakarta earthquake in 2006. However, volcanic ash is a major contributor to the high agricultural fertility that has historically sustained the high population densities of Java and Bali.

At 4,884 metres, Puncak Jaya in Papua is Indonesia's highest peak, and Lake Toba in Sumatra its largest lake, with an area of 1,145 square kilometers. The country's largest rivers are in Kalimantan, and include the Mahakam and Barito. Such rivers are communication and transport links between the island's river settlements.

8. History

The Dutch began to colonize Indonesia in the early 17th century. Later, Japan occupied the islands from 1942 to 1945. Indonesia declared its independence shortly before Japan's surrender, but it required four years of sometimes brutal fighting, intermittent negotiations,

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and UN mediation before the Netherlands agreed to transfer sovereignty in 1949. A period of sometimes unruly parliamentary democracy ended in 1957 when President Soekarno declared martial law and instituted "Guided Democracy." After an abortive coup in 1965 by alleged communist sympathizers, Soekarno was gradually eased from power. From 1967 until 1988, President Suharto ruled Indonesia with his "New Order" government. After rioting toppled Suharto in 1998, free and fair legislative elections took place in 1999.

In 2005, Indonesia reached a historic peace agreement with armed separatists in Aceh, which led to democratic elections in Aceh in December 2006. Indonesia continues to face low intensity armed resistance in Papua by the separatist Free Papua Movement.

9. Age Composition

The people between 25 to 54 years of age contribute to 42.2 % of Indonesian population. This age group mainly reflects the employable population of the country. The population under 15 years of age stands at 26.6% and people between 15 to 24 years of age contributes to 17.1% of population. The population in the age groups of 55 to 64 years is estimated at 7.6%. The percentage of the elderly population (above 65 years) is 6.4%.

10. Ethnic Composition

There are around 300 distinct native ethnic groups in Indonesia, and 742 different languages and dialects. Most Indonesians are descended from Austronesian-speaking people whose languages can be traced to Proto-Austronesian (PAn), which possibly originated in Taiwan. Another major grouping is Melanesians, who inhabit eastern Indonesia. The largest ethnic group is the Javanese, who comprise 42% of the population, and are politically and culturally dominant. The Sundanese, ethnic Malays, and Madurese are the largest non-Javanese groups. A sense of Indonesian nationhood exists alongside strong regional identities. Society is largely harmonious, although social, religious and ethnic tensions have triggered horrendous violence. Chinese Indonesians are an influential ethnic minority comprising 3–4% of the population. Much of the country's privately owned commerce and wealth is Chinese-Indonesian-controlled. Chinese businesses in Indonesia are part of the larger bamboo network, a network of overseas Chinese businesses operating in the markets of Southeast Asia that share common family and cultural ties. This has contributed to considerable resentment, and even anti-Chinese violence.

11. Languages

The official national language of Indonesia is Indonesian, a form of Malay. It is based on the prestige dialect of Malay, that of the Johor-Riau Sultanate, which for centuries had been the lingua franca of the archipelago, standards of which are the official languages in Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei. Indonesian is universally taught in schools; consequently it

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is spoken by nearly every Indonesian. It is the language of business, politics, national media, education, and academia. It was promoted by Indonesian nationalists in the 1920s, and declared the official language under the name Bahasa Indonesia on the proclamation of independence in 1945. Most Indonesians speak at least one of the several hundred local languages and dialects, often as their first language. Of these, Javanese is the most widely spoken as the language of the largest ethnic group. On the other hand, Papua has over 270 indigenous Papuan and Austronesian languages, in a region of about 2.7 million people.

12. Currency

Currency of Indonesia is Indonesian Rupiah (IDR).

As on 18/03/2014 –

 1 USD is equivalent to 11292.00 Indonesian Rupiah, and  1 INR is equivalent to 184.92 Indonesian Rupiah

13. Economy

The Indonesian economy deteriorated drastically in the 1960s as a result of political instability, a young and inexperienced government, and economic nationalism, which resulted in severe poverty and hunger. By the time of Sukarno's downfall in the mid-1960s, the economy was in chaos with 1,000% annual inflation, shrinking export revenues, crumbling infrastructure, factories operating at minimal capacity, and negligible investment. Following President Sukarno's downfall in the mid-1960s, the New Order administration brought a degree of discipline to economic policy that quickly brought inflation down, stabilized the currency, rescheduled foreign debt, and attracted foreign aid and investment. Indonesia was until recently Southeast Asia's only member of OPEC, and the 1970s oil price raises provided an export revenue windfall that contributed to sustained high economic growth rates, averaging over 7% from 1968 to 1981. Following further reforms in the late 1980s, foreign investment flowed into Indonesia, particularly into the rapidly developing export-oriented manufacturing sector, and from 1989 to 1997, the Indonesian economy grew by an average of over 7%.

Indonesia was the country hardest hit by the Asian financial crisis of 1997–98. During the crisis there were sudden and large capital outflows leading the rupiah to go into free fall. Against the US dollar the rupiah dropped from about IDR 2,600 in late 1997 to a low point of around IDR 17,000 some months later and the economy shrank by a remarkable 13.7%. These developments led to widespread economic distress across the economy and contributed to the political crisis of 1998 which saw Suharto resign as president. The rupiah later stabilized in the IDR. 8,000–10,000 range and a slow but steady economic recovery ensued. However, political instability, slow economic reform, and corruption slowed the

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recovery. Transparency International, for example, has since ranked Indonesia below 100 in its Corruption Perceptions Index. Since 2007, however, with the improvement in banking sector and domestic consumption, national economic growth has accelerated to over 6% annually and this helped the country weather the 2008–2009 global recession. The Indonesian economy performed strongly during the Global Financial Crisis and in 2012 its GDP grew by over 6%. The country regained its investment grade rating in late 2011 after losing it in the 1997. However, as of 2012, an estimated 11.7% of the population lived below the poverty line and the official open unemployment rate was 6.1%.

Indonesia has a mixed economy in which both the private sector and government play significant roles. The country is the largest economy in Southeast Asia and a member of the G-20 major economies. The gross domestic product (GDP) is about $1 trillion and the debt ratio to the GDP is 26%. The industry sector is the economy's largest and accounts for 46.4% of GDP (2012), this is followed by services (38.6%) and agriculture (14.4%). However, since 2012, the service sector has employed more people than other sectors, accounting for 48.9% of the total labor force. This has been followed by agriculture (38.6%) and industry (22.2%). Agriculture, however, had been the country's largest employer for centuries.

Indonesia became the 27th biggest exporting country in the world in 2010, moving up three places from a year before. Indonesia's main export markets (2009) are Japan (17.28%), Singapore (11.29%), the United States (10.81%), and China (7.62%). The major suppliers of imports to Indonesia are Singapore (24.96%), China (12.52%), and Japan (8.92%).

The tourism sector contributes to around US$9 billion of foreign exchange in 2012, and ranked as the 4th largest among goods and services export sectors. Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, China and Japan are the top five sources of visitors to Indonesia.

13.1. Economic Challenges

Labor unrest – As of 2011 labor militancy was increasing in Indonesia with a major strike at the Grasberg mine and numerous strikes elsewhere. A common issue was attempts by foreign-owned enterprises to evade Indonesia's strict labor laws by calling their employees contract workers. The New York Times expressed concern that Indonesia's cheap labor advantage might be lost. However, a large pool of unemployed who will accept substandard wages and conditions remains available. One factor in the increase of militancy is increased awareness via the internet of prevailing wages in other countries and the generous profits foreign companies are making in Indonesia.

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Inequality – Economic disparity and the flow of natural resource profits to Jakarta has led to discontent and even contributed to separatist movements in areas such as Aceh and Irian Jaya. Geographically, the poorest fifth regions account for just 8% of consumption, while the richest fifth account for 45%. While there are new laws on decentralization that may address the problem of uneven growth and satisfaction partially, there are many hindrances in putting this new policy into practice.

Inflation – Inflation has long been another problem in Indonesia. Because of political turmoil, the country had once suffered hyperinflation, with 1,000% annual inflation between 1964 and 1967, and this had been enough to create severe poverty and hunger. Even though the economy recovered very quickly during the first decade of New Order administration (1970–1981), never once was the inflation less than 10% annually. The inflation peaked in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis, with over 58%, causing the raise in poverty level as bad as the 1960s crisis. During the economic recovery and growth in recent years, the government has been trying to decline the inflation rate. However, it seems that Indonesian inflation has been affected by the global fluctuation and domestic market competition. As of 2010, the inflation rate was approximately 7%, when its economic growth was 6%. To date, inflation is affecting Indonesian lower middle class, especially those who can't afford food after price hikes.

14. Relations with India

India and Indonesia are neighbors. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Indonesia along the Andaman Sea. The Indian- Indonesian relationship stretch back for almost two millennia. In 1950, the first President of Indonesia - Sukarno called upon the people of Indonesia and India to "intensify the cordial relations" that had existed between the two countries "for more than 1000 years" before they had been "disrupted" by colonial powers. Yet in 1966, the foreign ministers of both countries began speaking again of an era of friendly relations.

On 25 January 2011, after talks by Indian Prime Minister and visiting President of Indonesia, both the countries signed business deals worth billions of dollars and set an ambitious target of doubling trade over the next five years. President of Indonesia Sukarno was the first chief guest at the annual Republic Day parade of India. In the year 2011 too, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was the chief guest for the same.

Indonesia is one of the 14 countries for which tourist visas prior to entry are not required in India. Indian Nationals also are issued tourist visas on arrival in Indonesia. India also has further economic ties with Indonesia through its free trade agreement with ASEAN, of which Indonesia is a member.

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14.1. Bilateral Trade with India

Indonesia has emerged to become the second largest trading partner of India in the ASEAN region. India-Indonesia bilateral trade has increased from US$ 6.9 billion in 2007-08 to US$ 20.1 billion in 2012-13. The two sides have set the target of US$ 25 billion by 2015. India is the largest buyer of crude palm oil from Indonesia and imports coal, minerals, rubber, pulp and paper and hydrocarbons reserves. India exports refined petroleum products, maize, commercial vehicles, telecommunication equipment, oil seeds, animal feed, cotton, steel products and plastics to Indonesia. India also exports pharmaceuticals in bulk and formulations to Indonesia.

Indonesia is an attractive destination for Indian investment in the region. Indian companies have made significant investments in infrastructure, power, textiles, steel, automotive, mining machinery, banking and consumer goods sectors. Prominent Indian groups/companies have established fully-owned subsidiaries/joint ventures in Indonesia. Several medium and small Indian companies are operating coal mines in Indonesia. Indian IT companies have business interests in Indonesia.

India and Indonesia have entered into Agreement for Promotion and Protection of Investment in 1999, and Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA) in 2012.

15. Labour Market

The Indonesian labor force is estimated at about 95 million, two-thirds of which is between the ages of 15 and 34, and two-fifths of which is made up of women. Even during the period of significant GDP growth from 1985 to 1995, the rise in employment failed to keep up with the rise in population. More than 4 million people (nearly 5 percent of the labor force) were looking for jobs even before the crisis of 1997. The government's August 1999 Labor Force Survey found 6 million people over age 15 unemployed, and a much higher number under-employed (34 million workers, or 39 percent), working less than 35 hours a week. The labor force is distributed approximately as follows: agriculture (45 percent); trade, restaurant, and hotel (19 percent); manufacturing (11 percent); transport and communications (5 percent); and construction (4 percent). The manufacturing workforce is skilled in the basics but undereducated. While many light manufacturing companies, such as sneakers and clothing plants, opened factories in Indonesia to take advantage of a mostly young, female labor pool of migrants to the cities; high-tech manufacturers have been slow to move in. As competition increases from China, Vietnam, and India, these unskilled workers are starting to lose out. There have been well-documented charges of sweatshop conditions (forced overtime, unsafe workplaces, and inadequate pay) in many of these export-oriented factories.

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Indonesia has also traditionally sent large numbers of workers overseas, both legally and illegally. As countries such as Malaysia and Thailand suffered the effects of the crisis, nearly all of these Indonesian workers were sent home, worsening the problems of unemployment and poverty.

Indonesia released 55,010 foreigners working visas in 2011, increased by 10% compared to the previous year, while the number of foreign residents in Indonesia, excluding tourists and foreign emissaries was 111,752 persons, rose by 6% to last year. People getting visas for 6 months to one year were mostly Chinese, Japanese, South Korean, Indian, American and Australian. A few of them were entrepreneur who made new businesses in Indonesia and were engaged in restaurants, bars, clubs, hotels, and apartments.

16. Labour Law

According to the report “Laborers/Employees Situation in Indonesia 2002” published by the Central Bureau of Statistics of Indonesia, the average monthly income for female workers is IDR. 475,192 (US$ 52) and for male workers is IDR. 654.371 (US$ 72). The average weekly hours worked by females are 41 and that for males is 44. Females work on average 93.18% of males’ hours of work, while male workers earn almost 1.38 times more than female workers. Besides gender wage differentials, there are also substantial regional disparities in wages.

The government sets minimum wages in each region; in Jakarta it was set at IDR 286,000 (US$33) per month in April 2000. While workers were allowed to join a single union established by the government under the Suharto regime, new regulations put forth in 1998 have allowed the formation of more than 2 dozen new labor unions. Strikes have increased in recent years, with the return of economic activity. According to the International Labor Organization, women are likely to be more adversely affected by the economic crisis than men. They are concentrated in the most precarious forms of wage employment and are thus more vulnerable to lay-offs.

17. Criminal Laws

Indonesia is a civil law country with five major codes. Its criminal procedure code, the “Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana” (KUHAP), determines the procedures and rights of individuals at different stages of the trial process. Indonesian court admits only five types of legal evidence. They are:

1) The testimony of a witness 2) The testimony of an expert 3) A document

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4) An indication 5) The testimony of the accused

The Public Prosecution Service of Indonesia is the only agency that has state powers to prosecute offenders. As such, there is no private prosecution in the Indonesian criminal justice system.

18. Political Setup

Indonesia has made a partially successful transition from an authoritarian dictatorship to a parliamentary democracy, with the devolution of authority for many basic services to elected district governments. National, regional and district elections are more or less free, fair and democratic. But corruption at high levels is still rife and there are some disturbing signs of regression to authoritarianism.

In 1945, Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta proclaimed the independent Republic of Indonesia with Sukarno as president and Hatta as vice president. Allied forces (mostly British and British Indian troops) did not arrive until six weeks later, by which time the republic had begun to establish itself and nationalist pride had burgeoned. The period October-December 1945 was filled with violent conflict in which Indonesians made it clear they would defend their independence with their lifeblood. Forcing the Dutch to negotiate with the republic for an end to hostilities, the British withdrew in late 1946. The republic subsequently survived two Dutch “police actions” and an internal communist rebellion, and in 1949, The Hague formally recognized the sovereignty of a federated Republic of the United States of Indonesia, which a year later was formed into a unitary Republic of Indonesia.

Despite the holding of democratic elections in 1955, the years following the struggle for independence were characterized by political and economic difficulty: regional dissidence, attempted assassinations and coups d’état, military-civilian conflict, and economic stagnation. A period of Guided Democracy was announced in 1959 by Sukarno, who in 1963 proclaimed himself president-for-life and presided over a political system in which the civilian nationalist leadership, much of the Islamic leadership, the large Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), and the army were all at odds. Later a “New Order” coalition of students, intellectuals, Muslims, and the army brought about a military-dominated government that removed Sukarno.

In 1966, power was transferred from a seriously ill Sukarno to a high-ranking army officer, Suharto; the PKI was formally banned. Suharto became the acting president on March 12, 1967, and the New Order era began.

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The New Order era, which lasted for more than 30 years, has a mixed record. Like Guided Democracy, it was authoritarian, but it was more successful in bringing stability to the nation. Unlike Guided Democracy, its economic achievements were enormous and the well-being of the majority of Indonesians undeniably improved. Average life expectancy, for example, increased from 46 to 65.5 years. On the other hand, the state’s heavy involvement in banking and industry, especially the petroleum and natural gas sectors, worked against competition. A modernizing, educated, and better-off middle class grew, but gained little or no political clout; poverty was reduced, but some particularly severe pockets appeared to be intractable. When the Asian financial crisis hit in 1997–98, the New Order lost the economic justification that had guaranteed much of its public support, and there was a widespread call for Suharto to step down. He resigned in May 998, little more than two months after being selected for his seventh term as president.

Suharto was succeeded by Bucharuddin Jusuf Habibie, who sought first to resolve the East Timor situation and begin a new and more open electoral process. In 1999, following Indonesia’s first freely contested parliamentary elections since 1955, Abdurrahman Wahid, well-known as both a progressive intellectual and as leader of Indonesia’s largest Muslim organization (Nahdlatul Ulama, NU) became president. He was dismissed from office in July 2001 in favor of Megawati Sukarnoputri, his vice president and head of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P). Megawati, Sukarno’s eldest daughter, was decisively defeated in the September 2004 presidential runoff election by the Democratic Party candidate, retired army general Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Yudhoyono was sworn in as president in October 2004.

19. Religion

Indonesia is a Muslim-majority nation. As per 2010 census, its population comprises of 87% Muslim, 7% Protestant, 3% Catholic, 2% Hindu, and 1% Buddhist. Most Indonesian Hindus are Balinese, and most Buddhists in modern-day Indonesia are ethnic Chinese. Though now minority religions, Hinduism and Buddhism remain defining influences in Indonesian culture. Islam was first adopted by Indonesians in northern Sumatra in the 13th century, through the influence of traders, and became the country's dominant religion by the 16th century. Roman Catholicism was brought to Indonesia by early Portuguese colonialists and missionaries, and the Protestant denominations are largely a result of Dutch Calvinist and Lutheran missionary efforts during the country's colonial period. A large proportion of Indonesians—such as the Javanese abangan, Balinese Hindus, and Dayak Christians— practice a less orthodox, syncretic form of their religion, which draws on local customs and beliefs.

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20. Religious Freedom

While religious freedom is stipulated in the Indonesian constitution, the government officially recognizes only six religions: Islam, Protestantism, Roman Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. Unrecognized groups may register with the Ministry of Culture and Tourism as social organizations. These groups have the right to establish a house of worship, obtain identity cards, and register marriages and births. Legally, identity card applications are now acceptable when the "religion" section is left blank; however, members of some groups reported that they sometimes faced obstacles.

Aceh remained the only province authorized by the central government to implement Islamic law (Shari'a), and non-Muslims in the province remained exempt from Shari'a. Some local governments outside of Aceh also have laws with elements of Shari'a that abrogate certain rights of women and religious minorities. Aceh adopted a Shari'a based penal code imposing physical punishment for violations.

In May 2011, the Indonesian Sunni-Shia Council (MUHSIN) was established. The council aims to hold gatherings, dialogues and social activities. It was an answer to violence committed in the name of religion.

21. Social Life in Indonesia

The pace of life in Indonesia is slower. People use the term ‘jam karet’ which can be understood as 'time that stretches like rubber'. This concept reflects the way that Indonesians prefer to take things as they come, rather than plan every moment of their day. This means that things like parties or business appointments are not much planned. Particularly in their social life, Indonesians prefer not to make detailed plans and are expected to arrive places at particular times. This is one of the reasons that Indonesian meals tend to be simple combinations of rice and sauces that can easily cope with the sudden arrival of a few more people.

There are large and growing gaps between rural and urban areas and between the poor eastern provinces and the richer western provinces. The Gini index has risen from 0.31 in 1999 to 0.41 in 2011 (0.4 is a danger point for social instability/unrest).

22. Socio-Cultural Customs

Diversity – Indonesia is a hugely diverse nation catering to over 300 ethnic groups. Each province has its own language, ethnic make-up, religions and history. Most people define themselves locally before nationally. In addition there are many cultural influences stemming back from difference in heritage. Although Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in the world it also has a large number of Christian Protestants, Catholics, Hindus and Buddhists. This great diversity has needed a great deal of attention from the

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government to maintain cohesion. As a result, the national motto is "Unity in Diversity". The language has been standardized and a national philosophy has been devised known as "Pancasila" which stresses universal justice for all Indonesians.

During Ramadan – During its 30 days, devout Muslims refrain from passing anything through their lips (food, drink, smoke) between sunrise and sunset. People get up early before sunrise (sahur), go to work late, and take off early to get back home in time to breakfast (buka puasa) at sunset. Non-Muslims, as well as Muslims travelling (musafir), are exempt from fasting but it is polite to refrain from eating or drinking in public. Many restaurants close during the day and those that stay open (e.g., hotel restaurants) maintain a low profile, with curtains covering the windows. During Ramadhan, all forms of nightlife including bars, nightclubs, karaoke and massage parlours close by midnight, and (especially in more devout areas) quite a few opt to stay closed entirely. Business travellers will notice that things move at an even more glacial pace than usual and, especially towards the end of the month, many people will take leave.

Group Thinking – Due to the diverse nature of Indonesian society there exists a strong pull towards the group, whether family, village or island. People define themselves according to their ethnic group, family and place of birth. The family is still very traditional in structure. Family members have clearly defined roles and a great sense of interdependence.

Family Life – Family is very important in Indonesia and it is very common for extended families that include grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins to all live together in one place. Although this is true both in the cities and in the rural areas of Indonesia, it is more prevalent in rural areas. Most Indonesian families are close and work hard to help each other. People have a responsibility to their families and especially to their elders. Indonesians are expected to respect the experience of their elders and follow their advice. They are also expected to look after their parents in old age.

Hierarchy – As with most group orientated cultures, hierarchy plays a great role in Indonesian culture. Hierarchical relationships are respected, emphasized and maintained. Respect is usually shown to those with status, power, position and age. Superiors are often called "bapak" or "ibu", which means the equivalent of father or mother, sir or madam. Although those higher up the hierarchy make decisions Indonesians are advocates of group discussion and consensus. These tie back to the idea of maintaining strong group cohesiveness and harmonious relationships.

Face – Due to the need to maintain group harmony the concept of 'face' is important to understand. In Indonesia, the concept is about avoiding the cause of shame ("malu"). Consequently, people are very careful how they interact and speak. Although a foreigner is not expected to understand the nuances of the concept, it is crucial to keep an eye on one’s behavior. One should never ridicule, shout at or offend anyone. Imperfections should always

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be hidden and addressed privately. Similarly, blame should never be aimed at any individual/group publicly. One manifestation of the concept of face/shame is that Indonesians communicate quite indirectly, i.e. they would never wish to cause anyone shame by giving them a negative answer so would phrase it a way where you would be expected to realize what they truly want to say. Bahasa Indonesian actually has 12 ways of saying "No" and several other ways of saying "Yes" when the actual meaning is "No".

23. Expatriate Life Style in Indonesia

Indonesians are amongst the friendliest in South East Asia and possibly even the world. It is highly unlikely that you will go an entire day in the country without at least one stranger striking up a conversation with you.

Rich in natural resources, the country acquires most of its wealth from gas, oil and other mining activities, and most expats in Indonesia tend to work in these sectors. The telecommunications industry and English Teaching are other attractions for expats seeking work in Indonesia.

Most expats find themselves living in the popular tourist hub of Bali and the sprawling metropolis of Jakarta, the country’s capital and economic, cultural and financial center. The more remote mining areas in the Papua region also attract a fair share of expats.

There are several differences in behavior that one should be aware of before visiting Indonesia. Contact between opposite sexes should be avoided. Indonesia is a conservative country in many ways. Open displays of affection offend those within the area and result in disapproving looks.

One should expect little personal space. Indonesians appear to have little concept of an idea of personal space. In fact, it tends to be the case that being close to someone when you talk to them indicates friendliness. This attitude is reflected in the number of locals that will strike up conversations with you in any conceivable situation. Most people do not find this a problem after a time but it can take a while to adjust to initially.

Foreigners usually appear to Indonesians as hurried and stressed people. The local population tends to be extremely relaxed. Confrontation is avoided at almost all costs.

23.1. Meeting & Greeting

Greetings can be rather formal as they are meant to show respect. A handshake is the most common greeting accompanied with the word "Selamat". Many Indonesians may give a slight bow or place their hands on their heart after shaking your hand. If you are being introduced to several people, always start with the eldest or most senior

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person first. Titles are important in Indonesia as they signify status. If you know of any titles ensure you use them in conjunction with the name. Some Indonesians only have one name, although it is becoming more common for people to have a first name and a surname, especially in the middle class. Many Indonesians, especially those from Java, may have had an extremely long name, which was shortened into a sort of nickname for everyday conversation. There are several ethnic groups in Indonesia. Most have adopted Indonesian names over the years, while some retain the naming conventions of their ethnicity.

23.2. Hands and Body Gesture

Both the Muslim and Hindu faiths somewhat abhor the use of the left hand. It is considered as ‘unclean’. So when shaking hands, offering a gift, handing or receiving something, eating, pointing or generally touching another person, it is considered proper etiquette to always use your right hand. When giving something, for example paying money, handling the object with your right hand while your left hand touch your right arms near elbow, as if to support the right arms, demonstrate a more polite and refined gesture. Handing, giving or receiving something with both hands, such as name card, are demonstrating your respect and it is a more polite gesture. Pointing toward someone with index fingers is considered rude, especially if the one you pointed at is near and can see what you are doing. Pointing with open palm is more polite than using index finger, however, pointing with thumb with other fingers folded is considered the most polite form. The head of another adult should never be touched, as it is commonly believed that the soul inhabits the head, and the head is therefore sacred. Modesty and humbleness are considered virtues, so body language that expresses superiority or pride is considered rude, arrogant and intimidating. In some Indonesian cultures, the attitude of expressing pride and superiority are even reserved only for kings or nobles. One should avoid putting his chin upward, putting hands on hips or pointing when talking to other people. When passing quite close in front of somebody, for example in the theatre or cinema passing in front of seat row, or passing between two people that are having a conversation, it is polite if you slightly bow your body with one of your hands reaching downward. It is a polite gesture to apologize for obstructing someone's view or interrupting others’ conversation. In formal settings, one should not raise his foot upon the seat when seating. The base of the foot should step upon the ground. Even folding your leg and put it upon another is best avoided, since foot are considered as the lowest body part and

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should not be pointed toward others. However in relaxed settings and if seated on the mat on the floor, a more relaxed body pose is acceptable.

23.3. Forms of Address and Communication Styles

When greeting or introducing oneself, smiling, handshake (salam) and slightly nod is a good gesture. A medium handshake grip is sufficient, since gripping too hard could be considered as rude or an act of aggression, while on the other hand passive 'dead fish' handshake is considered as not interested or unenthusiastic. Salam is also a standard greeting between Muslims, and it would perhaps be considered polite to follow this form of salutation. Generally in Salam, the equivalent of the handshake is to proffer both hands and gently touch your counterpart’s extended hands, before finally bringing one’s hands back to the chest to demonstrate that you welcome from the heart. The greeted party will then reciprocate this gesture. Remember that it is good manners to always make sure that you acknowledge and greet the most senior person present first. If it is not possible to handshake your counterparts, for example addressing larger crowds with a distance between you, making a greeting gesture by putting your hand together in front of your chest while slightly bowing is considered polite. It is similar to Indian namaste, and preferred especially among Javanese and Balines, since Javanese and Balinese are influenced with dharmic culture. The Sundanese version is reciprocally twist your hand forward and slightly touch the counterpart's fingertips while performing anjali. It is important to note that some conservative Indonesian Muslims might avoid direct touch with opposite sex including handshake, so performing anjali is recommended when greeting opposite sex that are conservative Muslims. Indonesians are indirect communicators. This means they do not always say what they mean. It is up to the listener to read between the lines or pay attention to gestures and body language to get the real message. Generally speaking Indonesians speak quietly and with a subdued tone. Loud people would come across as slightly aggressive. Business is personal in Indonesia so spend time through communication to build a strong relationship. Dealing with someone face-to-face is the only effective way of doing business. Indonesians abhor confrontation due to the potential loss of face. To be polite, they may tell you what they think you want to hear. If you offend them, they will mask their feelings and maintain a veil of civility. If an Indonesian begins to avoid you or acts coldly towards you, there is a serious problem.

23.4. Gift Giving Etiquette

Gift giving etiquette in Indonesia heavily depends on the ethnicity of the receiver. Some general gift giving guidelines are provided below.

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Gift giving etiquette for ethnic Indians: Gifts are offered with the right hand only. Gifts are wrapped in red, yellow or green paper or other bright colors as these bring good fortune. Leather products are not offered to a Hindu. Alcohol is not given unless one is certain the recipient imbibes. Gifts are not opened when received. Gift giving etiquette for ethnic Malays / Muslims: In Islam, alcohol is forbidden. Only give alcohol if you know the recipient will appreciate it. Any food substance should be "halal" - things that are not halal include anything with alcoholic ingredients or anything with pork derivatives such as gelatine. Halal meat means the animal has been slaughtered according to Islamic principles. Offer gifts with the right hand only. Gifts are not opened when received.

23.5. Dress Code

Overall, conservative and modest dress sense are adopted in Indonesia, however it might differ from one place to another. For example, Aceh that adopt Sharia law are more strict and conservative compared to Bali. Business dress code is pretty much the same as international standard. Most of Indonesian offices are air conditioned, so the heat is not a problem on wearing suits indoor. Conservative business attire is advisable for both men and women. When in Indonesia, by and large a conservative and modest dress sense should be adopted by women. Skirt hemlines should fall below the knee and the shoulders should always be covered. Women should dress conservatively ensuring that they are well covered from ankle to neck. Tight fitting clothes are best avoided. Indonesia is hot tropical country, so cotton or at least light clothing is best. Attending parties, dinner, wedding reception or official event with international standard dress code is acceptable, such as to wear suit, shirt and trousers for men and dress for women. However wearing batik shirt for men and batik dress for women, or any Indonesian traditional textile are recommended, since it demonstrate your appreciation to Indonesian culture and your commendable effort to blend in. Attending religious events or visiting religious sites require utmost care. When visiting a place of worship, such as candi and pura (temples), mosques, and churches, the proper dress etiquette for such places is of utmost importance. Some non-religious sites such as keratons (sultan's palace) and museums may require modest dress almost similar to religious sites. It is best to dress modestly and well covered. Wearing shorts, sleeveless shirts or tanktops should be avoided. When entering a mosque, always remove your shoes. Women should cover their heads with a scarf – some mosques may provide these beforehand, but it is best to always come prepared. Likewise, removing shoes is also expected when visiting Hindu temples, with the toe of the shoe pointing to the outside from inside the entrance or lobby area. If wishing to visit a place of worship it

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should be confirmed prior to entry whether the particular shrine, temple, mosque or church is open to touristic visits or the curious.

23.6. Food

A typical Indonesian meal consists of steamed rice and one or two main dishes made of fish, meat, chicken or vegetables, sometimes including soup, all of which are served together. A common side dish is sambal. A popular Indonesian dish is satay (pronounced sah-tay) served with peanut sauce, ketupat (pronounced as ke-too- paht), cucumber and onions. Food is eaten with the fingers or with a spoon and fork. When eating with the fingers, Indonesians use their right hand only. The left hand is used for less hygienic matters. They always leave some food on the plate or drink in the glass to indicate that they have had enough.

23.7. Alcohol

Islam is the religion of the majority of Indonesians, but alcohol is widely available in most areas, especially in upscale restaurants and bars. Public displays of drunkenness, however, are strongly frowned upon and in the larger cities are likely to make you a victim of crime or get you arrested by police. Do not drive if you are drunk.

The legal drinking age in Indonesia is 21 years. In staunchly Islamic areas such as Aceh alcohol is banned and those caught with alcohol can be caned.

23.8. Dining Etiquette

Dining etiquette is generally relaxed but depends on the setting and context. The more formal the occasion the more formal is the behavior. Following should be kept in mind, if you are invited for food (dinner/lunch):  Wait to be shown to your place - as a guest you will have a specific position  Food is often taken from a shared dish in the middle. You will be served the food and it would not be considered rude if you helped yourself after that.  If food is served buffet style then the guest is generally asked to help themselves first. It is considered polite that the guest insist others go before him/her but this would never happen.  In formal situations, men are served before women. Wait to be invited to eat before you start. A fork and spoon are often the only utensils at the place setting. Depending on the situation some people may use their hands.  Eat or pass food with your right hand only

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24. Entry in Indonesia

Entry and exit must be through certain specified gateways; Denpasar airport (the extensively renovated Ngurah Rai International airport), and the seaport of Benoa are valid entry and exit ports for international arrivals. Indonesian customs allow entry of a maximum of one litre of alcoholic beverage, 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars or 100 grams of tobacco and a reasonable amount of perfume per adult.

Cars, photographic equipment, typewriters, video and tape recorders must be declared upon entry, and must be re-exported. TV sets, radios, narcotics, arms and ammunition, printed matter in Chinese characters and Chinese medicines are prohibited from entry. Advance approval has to be acquired for carrying transceivers. All movie films and video cassettes must be submitted for censorship by the Film Censor Board. Fresh fruit, plants and animals must have quarantine permits.

There is no restriction on import or export of foreign currencies, however, the export or import of Indonesian currency exceeding IDR 50,000 is prohibited.

All people arriving in Indonesia will be required to complete a customs declaration form and an immigration department form. Normally, these are provided to travellers to complete as their aircraft approaches Indonesia.

25. Living Conditions

The cost of living in Indonesia can be quite steep, with schooling for expat kids certainly not cheap; after accommodation, education will likely be an expat parent’s biggest expense.

Indonesian cities have on the one hand grand modern offices and tower blocks marking their skylines, and on the other, overpopulated shanty and slum areas representing the poverty that the vast majority of Indonesians continue to live in. Outside of city limits, the country has contrasting landscapes of volcanic mountains, tropical beaches and jungles, which can offer expats a relaxed and outdoor lifestyle, and many attractions for a weekend break from the hustle and bustle of the working life.

26. Working Condition

Under Suharto’s New Order trade unions were disciplined, with (K)SPSI (con)federation as main vehicle of these policies. After the collapse of the Suharto regime the right to organize was restored. Since then, the union movement developed in highly fragmented direction. Union density can be estimated at 8-10% for the labor force at large. Women have a weak position in the union movement, though incidental successes in collective bargaining on behalf of women can be traced.

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The statutory minimum wage structure is complex and not transparent. Though the minimum wage rates are based on cost of living calculations, the gap between minimum living needs and (average) minimum wage levels has widened. Moreover, the informal sector is not included. Compliance and enforcement are weak.

27. Accommodation

In cities the average rent for a single bed-room apartment is 4,515,804 IDR per month. The average monthly rent for a single bed-room apartment outside cities is 1,948,916.74 IDR.

28. Transportation

All transport modes play significant role in Indonesian transport system and are generally complementary rather than competitive. Road transport is predominant, with a total system length of over 4 lakh kilometers. The railway system has four unconnected networks in Java and Sumatra primarily dedicated to transport bulk commodities and long-distance passenger traffic. Sea transport is extremely important for economic integration and for domestic and foreign trade. It is well developed, with each of the major islands having at least one significant port city. The role of inland waterways is relatively minor and is limited to certain areas of Eastern Sumatra and Kalimantan. The function of air transport is significant, particularly where land or water transport is deficient or non-existent. It is based on an extensive domestic airline network where all major cities can be reached by passenger plane.

29. Educational Facilities

Great progress has been made toward the goal of universal education since 1973, when nearly 20 percent of youth were illiterate. At that time, then-President Suharto issued an order to set aside portions of oil revenues for the construction of new primary schools. This act resulted in the construction or repair of nearly 40,000 primary-school facilities by the late 1980s, and literacy rates improved significantly nationwide. During 1997– 98, the financial crisis affected the poorest families the most, resulting in their selectively cutting back on their education expenditures. Government funding struggled to keep up with rising costs during this period, but by 2002, only 2 percent of those between the ages of 15 and 24 could not read, and by 2009, the adult literacy rate was 90.4 percent. Indonesians are required to attend nine years of school. They can choose between state-run, nonsectarian public schools supervised by the Department of National Education (Depdiknas) or private or semiprivate religious (usually Islamic) schools supervised and financed by the Department of Religious Affairs.

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A central goal of the national education system is not merely to impart secular wisdom about the world but also to instruct children in the principles of participation in the modern nation-state, its bureaucracies, and its moral and ideological foundations. There are numerous schooling options, with international schools focused on expatriates.

30. Medical Facilities

Healthcare facilities in Indonesia are limited, particularly outside of Jakarta. Any serious medical conditions will likely see expats having to seek medical attention outside of the country, typically in Singapore. Indonesia is introducing a universal social health insurance system. Following are the key statistics on healthcare:

 Physician’s density : 0.2 physicians/1,000 population  Hospital bed density : 0.6 beds/1,000 population  Infant mortality rate : 27 per 1,000 live births  Lifetime risk of maternal death : 1 in 190  HIV prevalence rate in Papua and West Papua is around 2.4% (more than 10 times the national average and over the WHO threshold defining an epidemic).

Increasing air pollution in Indonesian cities is a further health hazard.

31. Banks, ATMs & Exchange Bureaus

Banks and money exchangers are widely available on Java, Bali and Lombok. However, these are sparse on outer islands and charge commissions of 10-20% if you can find them. ATMs on the international Plus/Cirrus networks are common in all major Indonesian cities and tourist destinations, but may be harder to come by in the backblocks. Beware of withdrawal limits as low as IDR.500,000 (~US$55) per day in some machines. As a rule of thumb, machines loaded with IDR 50,000 denomination notes (there's a sticker on ATM often) do not dispense more than IDR 1,500,000 per transaction even in Jakarta. Those with IDR 100,000 notes can give more, up to IDR 3,000,000 (often CIMB, BII, some BRI machines, Commonwealth Bank on Bali) at once. However, these notes can be harder to break, especially in rural non-tourist areas. Bank branches are generally happy to break large notes taken from their ATMs up into smaller ones at no charge.

32. Holidays

Multicultural Indonesia celebrates a vast range of religious holidays and festivals, but many are limited to small areas (eg. the Hindu festivals of Bali). The following covers public holidays applied nationwide regardless of their belief.

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The most significant holiday season of the year is the Muslim fasting month of Ramadan. During its 30 days, many restaurants close during the day and those that stay open (e.g., hotel restaurants) maintain a low profile, with curtains covering the windows. Many people take leave during the end of the month, for two days of Id-ul-Fitri (also known as Lebaran), when pretty much the entire country takes a week or two off to head back home to visit family in a ritual known locally as mudik, meaning going home.

This is the one time of the year when Jakarta has no traffic jams, but the rest of the country does, with all forms of transport packed to the gills. All government offices (including embassies) and many businesses close for a week or even two, and travelling around Indonesia is best avoided if at all possible.

Other Muslim holidays include Idul Adha (the sacrifice day), Isra Mi'raj Muhammad SAW, Hijra (Islamic new year) and Maulid Muhammad SAW. Christian holidays include Christmas, Ascension Day, Good Friday, while the Hindu New Year of Nyepi (March- April) brings Bali to a standstill and Buddhists get a day off for Imlek (Chinese New Year) in Jan-Feb and Waisak (Buddha's birthday), celebrated with processions around Borobudur. Non-religious holidays include New Year (1 Jan) and Independence Day (17 Aug).

The dates of many holidays are set according to various lunar calendars and the dates thus change from year to year. The Ministry of Labor may change the official date of holidays if they are close to the weekend. There is another official day off for workers, called cuti bersama (taking days off together), which is sometime close to the Idul Fitri holidays.

32.1. Public Holidays in 2014

The following table indicates declared Indonesian government national holidays for the year 2014. Cultural variants also provide opportunity for holidays tied to local events. Beside official holiday, there are the so-called "libur bersama" or "cuti bersama", or joint leave(s) declared nationwide by the government. In total there are 14 public holidays, and 9 "cuti bersama" or joint holidays.

Date Date English name Local name Remarks (Gregorian (Islamic Calendar) Calendar) 1 January New Year's Day Tahun Baru Masehi 14 January Rabi' al-awwal Birth of the Maulid Nabi Birthday of the 12 Prophet Muhammad Islamic Prophet Muhammad 31 January Chinese New Tahun Baru 1st day of 1st Year Imlek month of Chinese

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Calendar 31 March Kasa 1 Day of Silence Hari Raya Nyepi New Year of Pawukon 40 (Tahun Baru Balinese Saka) calendar 18 April Good Friday Wafat Yesus Date varies; this Kristus (Jumat is the Friday Agung) before Easter Sunday, which is the first Sunday after the first Paschal Full Moon following the official vernal equinox 1 May Labor Day Hari Buruh 15 May Every May of Buddha's Waisak Date varies Vaisakha Birthday according to the Buddhist calendar 27 May Rajab 27 Ascension of the Isra Mi'raj Nabi Prophet Muhammad 29 May Ascension Day Kenaikan Yesus Kristus 28 July - 29 July Shawwal 1-2 Eid al-Fitr Idul Fitri Date varies (Lebaran Mudik) according to the Islamic calendar 17 August Independence Hari Proklamasi Mr. Soekarno Day Kemerdekaan and Mr. Hatta as R.I. the proclamator 5 October Dhu al-Hijjah 10 Feast of the Idul Adha Date varies Sacrifice (Lebaran Haji) according to the Islamic calendar 25 October Muharram 1 Islamic New Tahun Baru 1st day of Year Hijriyah the[Muharram], the beginning of the new Islamic year 25 December Christmas Hari Natal

In addition to the official holidays, many religious, historical, and other traditional holidays populate the calendar, as well as observances proclaimed by officials and lighter celebrations. These are rarely observed by businesses as holidays.

Date English name Local name Remarks

(Gregorian Calendar) Dates vary Galungan and Galungan dan

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Kuningan Kuningan

April 21 Kartini Day Hari Kartini "Women Emancipation Day"

April 22 Earth Day Hari Bumi May 2 National Education Hari Pendidikan In remembrance of Ki Hajar

Day Nasional Dewantara's birthday, a prominent Indonesian educator May 20 National Hari Kebangkitan In remembrance of the 1908

Awakening Day Nasional formation of the first nationalist group, Budi Utomo May 22 Reformation Hari Peringatan Commemoration Reformasi

Day June 1 Pancasila Day Hari Lahir Pancasila Commemorates Sukarno's 1945 address regarding his views on the Pancasila ideology July 23 National Children Hari Anak Nasional

Day October 1 Pancasila Sanctity Hari Kesaktian The day after 30 September Day Pancasila Movement

October 2 Batik Day Hari Batik October 5 Indonesian Hari Tentara The founding of Tentara National Armed Nasional Indonesia Keamanan Rakyat

Forces Day ("People's Security Army"), the predecessor of TNI.

October 28 Youth Pledge Day Hari Sumpah Commemoration of the 1928 Pemuda Youth Pledge

November 10 Heroes' Day Hari Pahlawan Commemoration of the 1946 Battle of Surabaya

December 22 Mother's Day Hari Ibu

33. Media

A mixture of about a dozen national TV networks; 2 public broadcasters and the remainder private broadcasters each with multiple transmitters are operational in Indonesia. There are more than 100 local TV stations across the country; widespread use of satellite and cable TV systems. Public radio broadcaster operates 6 national networks as well as regional and local stations. Overall, there are more than 700 radio stations with more than 650 privately operated.

34. Communication Network

As of 2012, there were around 37.983 million Telephone main lines and 281.96 million mobile cellular lines were in use across Indonesia.

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Coverage provided by existing network has been expanded by use of over 200,000 telephone kiosks, many located in remote areas. Mobile-cellular subscribership is growing rapidly. The international dialing code for Indonesia is +62.

35. Connectivity to India

Indonesian national carrier Garuda Indonesia in collaboration with Indian Jet Airways is to offer flights to destinations in India starting 2014, in a move to support the growing relations between the two countries.

Under a code share agreement, Jakarta will connect to the Indian cities of New Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai via Changi Airport in Singapore.

Garuda, by joining the global airline alliance SkyTeam, will be able to sell Jet Airways’ flight services between Singapore and New Delhi, Mumbai, and Chennai, and Jet can sell Garuda flights between Singapore and Jakarta.

36. Do’s and Don’ts

36.1. Do’s

 All NRIs/PIOs must register with the Indian Embassy through online facility.  Passport is a valuable document. It should always be kept, either in your own custody, or in the custody of a person duly authorized by you. It must not be altered or mutilated in any way. If lost or destroyed, the fact and circumstances should be immediately reported to the nearest Indian Mission and to the local police.  Please keep a photocopy of your Passport in a safe place. Without this, issuance of a duplicate Passport in case of loss/damage/theft may be delayed. It is also useful to email a scanned copy of your Passport and Visa to yourself.  Please check the expiry date of your Passport on receiving it for the first time and remember to get your Passport renewed well in advance of the expiry date.  An Applicant has the option to apply for an ordinary Passport booklet of 36 pages or Jumbo Passport booklet of 60 pages with ten year validity. The option should be clearly indicated in the application itself.  Supportive documents like Marriage Certificate, Birth Certificate, Affidavits, etc. should have been pre-attested in India by the Ministry of External Affairs, New Delhi.  The validity of a Passport can be extended up to 10 years from the date of issue, in case a person is holding a short validity Passport. No fee is charged for such extension of a short validity Passport.  Please keep a margin of 45days for issuance of a new Passport from the date of Application.

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 Stay calm and cheery. Indonesians tend to be extremely relaxed. Shouting and getting angry will not produce results if things don't go your way.  Expect little personal space. Indonesians appear to have little concept of an idea of personal space.

36.2. Don’ts

 Do not give false information in the Passport Application Form. It is an offense under the Passports Act 1967 to give false information in the Application Form. Passport facilities can be denied on grounds of suppression of factual information, submission of false particulars, willful damage of Passport and for making unauthorized changes in the Passports.  Do not hold more than one valid passport. It is an offence to hold more than one valid Passport at a time. Those Indian citizens acquiring citizen ship/Passport of another country should immediately, surrender their Indian Passport to the nearest Indian Embassy/Consulate.  Limit the use of your left hand. The left hand is considered dirty in Indonesia. Try to avoid passing money, food, shaking hands or touching people with your left hand as it will be considered offensive.  Dress conservatively. Despite the warm climate, most locals wear long clothing as opposed to shorts and t-shirts. Women will receive more unwanted attention if they do not dress conservatively especially away from the tourist destinations.  If visiting a mosque or temple, it is essential to cover up as much as possible; entry may be denied if you turn up without your shoulders and legs covered. Before entering also remove your footwear and leave it outside. This goes for when visiting somebody's house as well.  Avoid contact between opposite sexes. Indonesian society is conservative when it comes to interactions between opposite sexes.  Avoid putting a local in a position where he might suffer a ‘loss of face’ in front of other Locals.

37. Indian Embassy Location:

The Embassy of India is located in South Jakarta in the district of Kuningan. Indian Nationals re welcome to contact the Embassy of India in Jakarta for assistance. Address: Jl HR Rasuna Said, Kav S-1, Kuningan, Jakarta Selatan, 12950, Indonesia Telephone: +62-21-5204150 / 52 / 57 / 5264931 Fax: +62-21-5204160, 5265622, 5264932, 5226833 Working Hours: 08:30 am -12:00 pm hours and from 1:00 pm to 5:00 pm (Monday to Friday except holidays).

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37.1. Timings – Consular / Emergency Services

Working Hours for Consular Services Monday to Friday (except holidays). The contact details of Consular / Emergency Services are as follows: Telephone : +62-21-5256094 Fax : +62-21-5204160 E-mail : [email protected]

Passport and Visa applications are accepted between 09:00 to 12:00 hours from Monday to Friday. Documents can be collected between 16:00 to 16:30 hours from Monday to Friday.

38. Application for a new passport in lieu of Lost / Damaged Passport

List of documents to be submitted to the Embassy of India, for processing the request for issue of Duplicate Passport in lieu of Lost Passport :- 1) Police report in Original and one Photocopy. 2) Letter from Sponsor/Company briefly stating the Circumstances of Loss. S/He has also to certify the period of employment of the applicant with the Sponsor / Company 3) Copy of Sponsor’s Identity Card. 4) Letter from the applicant intimating the Circumstances of Loss of Passport. 5) Copy of Employment Agreement or Labour Card or Residence Card of the applicant. 6) Photocopy of the Passport reported Lost. 7) Two sets of Passport application form duly filled and affixing Photos in the space provided with signature of the applicant across the photo. 8) Affidavit duly filled (Format available at the Counter) 9) Two sets of Personal Particulars Form duly filled. (Format available at the counter) 10) Total Seven (7) Numbers of Recent Passport Size Photograph of the applicant. 11) Applicant should come personally or the Documents should have been verified by the Honorary Consular Agent authorized by the Embassy. 12) Original Newspaper advertisement of Loss of Passport. Full page of the newspapers containing the advertisement should be produced.

38.1. Passport Renewal

Renewal of passport is applicable only in case the passport was issued with short validity initially. The passport may be extended to its full ten-year validity on application. (In case the applicant is a housemaid, it is extended only for a further period of 1 year).

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Applications for expired (over a year) Passports must be submitted in person by the applicant and not sent by post. Tatkal Scheme is not applicable in such cases. In case the applicant has valid visa on the expired Passport, full validity Passport can be issued subject to the fulfilling of other conditions. In the situation of expired visa, the applicant can be issued short validity Passport and after obtaining the visa, full validity Passport can be issued.

38.2. Miscellaneous Passport Services Available at Embassy of India

 Change of name after marriage  Change of name  Change of address  Update to ECNR  Deletion of Child’s name from the mother’s passport  Certificate pertaining to the deletion of a Child’s name from the mother’s passport  Emergency Certificate  Confirmation of passport details (in case of applying in India) - Telex Charges  Registration of Indian nationals

38.3. Visa Copy Attestation

Original Visa to be brought to the Embassy for verification along with two photocopies and photocopy of passport of the passenger.

38.4. Affidavit / Declaration

The Affidavit / Declaration is to be signed by the applicant before concerned Consular Officer in the Embassy. It is to be submitted to the Embassy in duplicate along with passport copy of the applicant.

39. Documents to be submitted along with the forms for individual service contract –

1) Photocopy of passport of person being recruited 2) Commercial Registration (CR) copy of the sponsoring company. 3) Signatory copy (authorised signatories of the sponsoring company) 4) Labour Clearance from Ministry of Manpower 5) Original Visa alongwith two photocopies.

39.1. Individual Employment Contract (Domestic Servants)

Following documents are required to submitted along with the forms below: 1) Photocopy of passport of person recruited 2) Commercial Registration (CR) copy of the sponsoring company.

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3) Signatory copy (authorised signatories of the sponsoring company) 4) Labour Clearance from Ministry of Manpower 5) Original Visa along with two photocopies.

39.2. Permit for Recruitment (Form VI) and Demand Letter Attestation

Following are the documents to be attached along with Form – VI a) Demand Letter - addressed to recruiting agent with details on account of number of persons to be employed, description of employment, qualification, eligibility, salary. b) A specimen of the Employment Contract. c) Commercial Registration (CR) copy of the sponsoring company. d) Signatory copy (authorized signatories of the sponsoring company). e) Labor Clearance from Indonesia.

On the basis of above Permit for recruitment (Form VI) and Demand Letter attestation, recruiting agent obtains permission of the concerned Protector of Emigrants for recruitment.

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