DOCSLIB.ORG

Increased Intestinal Permeability in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Increased Intestinal Permeability in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease 456 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH October 29, 2004 Eur J Med Res (2004) 9: 456-460 © I. Holzapfel Publishers 2004 INCREASED INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE K. Welcker 1, 3, A. Martin 1, P. Kölle 2, M. Siebeck 1, M. Gross 2 1Chirurgische Klinik Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, 2Internistische Klinik Dr. Müller, München, 3Krankenhaus Großhansdorf, Großhansdorf, Germany Abstract: Intestinal permeability can be measured by have found increased permeability in healthy relatives the sugar absorption test. This test is based on deter- of patients with IBD and this may indicate a role of dis- mining the ratio of the urinary excretion of a large and turbed permeability in the pathogenesis of this disease. a small carbohydrate after oral administration. The aim Increased intestinal permeability is not a specific of this study was to determine which combination of finding in CD. It is also found in other conditions and carbohydrates used in the test gives the highest corre- following intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory lation with disease activity in inflammatory bowel dis- drugs [21]. Meddings et al. (2000) [20] found that envi- ease. 26 patients with Crohn`s disease, 21 patients with ronmental stress increases the gastrointestinal perme- ulcerative colitis and 27 healthy control subjects were ability. included in the study. The patients with inflammatory Intestinal permeability is defined as the ability of bowel disease had either minimal or highly active dis- compounds to cross the intestinal mucosa through the ease or were in remission. Two disaccharides (lactu- paracellular tight junction areas. Bjarnason et al. (1995) lose: L, and cellobiose: C) and two smaller carbohy- [19] proposed that the size of the paracellular pores drates (rhamnose:R, and mannitol:M) were given orally decrease along the crypt-villus axis. Therefore large and the urinary excretion was measured by high pres- molecules are absorbed mainly between the cells and sure liquid chromatography followed by pulsed amper- near the crypts. Smaller molecules are absorbed along ometric electrochemical detection on a gold electrode. the whole crypt-villus axis. The surface for absorption The ratios C/R, L/R, C/M and L/M were used as in- of smaller molecules is therefore much greater than dicators for intestinal permeability. for larger molecules. There were no side effects of oral sugar administra- The intestinal permeability can be assessed non-in- tion. All patients tolerated the test well. Lactulose, vasively by measurement of urinary excretion after oral rhamnose and cellobiose concentrations are easily be intake of carbohydrates which are not metabolised [1, measured in the urine whereas mannitol measurement 2, 3]. A higher recovery of the administered carbohy- requires the use of an anion exchanger. This produced drate in the urine corresponds to a higher gastroin- inconsistent results. Patients with Crohn`s disease or testinal absorption which in turn reflects increased with ulcerative colitis had increased permeability in- permeability. However several factors such as gastroin- dices in comparison to healthy controls, even in re- testinal motility, absorptive capacity, urinary volume mission. The L/R ratio gave a better differentiation and renal function can influence the absorption and between the healthy controls and patients with active thus the urinary excretion. Therefore, it is standard disease than the other agents. Changes in disease activ- practice to administer two carbohydrates simultane- ity are best reflected by use of cellobiose/rhamnose ously (a small and a large molecule). The assumption is excretion quotient. that the small molecule is absorbed to a high extent even in healthy subjects. The absorption of the larger Key words: Inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal per- molecule is limited and this is dependent on the gas- meability, Crohn´s disease, ulcerative colitis trointestinal permeability. By determining the ratio of two different carbohydrates, the influence of gastric INTRODUCTION emptying, intestinal transit time, dilution by intestinal secretions and renal function could be reduced. An in- The epithelium of the small and large intestine is a se- crease in the ratio of urinary excretion of the large and lective barrier to the absorption of potentially harmful the small carbohydrate is assumed to reflect an in- bowel contents. However, this barrier isincomplete and crease in paracellular permeability of the tight junc- it enables small molecules to diffuse into the intercellu- tions. Other factors such as shortening of villus height lar space. In patients with Crohn’s Disease (CD), this may also influence this ratio [1, 4]. barrier function is disturbed resulting in increased per- The study of small intestine permeability by mea- meability. This increase in permeability is found in pa- suring absorption of two non-metabolised sugars, one tients with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) of lower and one of higher molecular weight, is a well and there is evidence that it does not return to normal established method. The use of the ratio of excretion when the disease is in remission. A number of studies of the two absorbed sugars allows a more definitive October 29, 2004 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH 457 measurement of permeability changes than the use of (WBC) and platelet counts; erythrocyte sedimentation only one single carbohydrate. Several carbohydrates rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and plasma albu- such as lactulose, cellobiose, rhamnose and mannitol min level. (Table2) are used to assess the intestinal permeability. Rham- nose and mannitol reflect the absorption of small mol- MEASUREMENT OF INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY ecules, whereas lactulose and cellobiose reflect perme- ability to larger molecules. The test was performed on an outpatient basis. After The aim of this study was to evaluate various carbo- an overnight fast, the subjects were asked to complete- hydrates for assessment of intestinal permeability in ly empty the urinary bladder. The subjects then took a patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. solution of 10 g lactulose (L), 10 g cellobiose (C), 3 g l- rhamnose (R) and 2,5 g d-mannitol (M) in 250 ml wa- MATERIALS AND METHODS ter orally. Their urine was collected for the next 5 hours in a plastic container containing 0.5 g chlorhexi- PATIENTS dine and refrigerated to avoid bacterial degradation of Twenty-six patients with Crohn´s disease (CD) (mean the sugars. The subjects were not allowed to eat during age: 34.6 years, range 14 to 58 years, 10 male, 16 fe- the 5-hour collection period but were allowed to drink male) and 21 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) 750 ml of water two hours after the initial ingestion. (mean age: 37.4 years; range 18 to 67 years; 11 male, The urine collection containers were returned to our 10 female) and 27 healthy volunteers (mean age: 31.0; outpatient clinic within 24 hours. The volume of the range 20 to 58 years, 13 male, 14female) gave in- 5-hour urine was measured and aliquots were stored at formed consent and were included. The volunteers -20 °C until analysis. had no history of digestive, allergic or dermatological Protein was removed from the urine with 0.5ml of diseases and did not take any medication at the time periodic acid (0.03 mol/L in 0.25 mol/L sulfuric acid. they were included in the control group. The diagnosis The sample was then vortexed for 10 sec and cen- of CD or UC was based on clinical grounds and on trifuged for 10 min at 2500 rpm. The supernatant was typical endoscopic, radiological and histological crite- treated with Amberlite MB-3 resign (Polysciences Eu- ria. Two patients with CD (2 males, mean age 26 years) rope, 69214 Eppelheim, Germany) in the acetate and 5 patients with UC (3 males, 2 females, mean age form, swirled for 10 minutes and centrifuged. The 43 years) were analysed twice with different disease ac- concentrations of the four carbohydrates were mea- tivity each (Table 1). sured by high performance liquid chromatography us- The patients with IBD were divided into three ing two anion exchange columns in series (Carbonpack groups (high activity, low activity and remission). To PA1, Dionex, Breda, The Netherlands) with a 0.1 be included in the remission group, patients had to be mol/l NaOH solution as the isocratic mobile phase. free of symptoms and have no laboratory evidence of This was followed by pulsed amperometric electro- inflammation. Patients with low activitiy Crohn`s dis- chemical detection on a gold electrode (Beckmann, ease had a CDAI value (Crohn`s disease activity index) System Gold, Autosampler 507). The urinary recovery between 150 and 250. Patients with highly active of lactulose, mannitol, cellobiose and rhamnose was Crohn`s disease had a CDAI value above 250. Patients expressed as a percentage of the orally administered with low activity ulcerative colitis suffered from mild dose recovered in the 5-hour urine. From these data, diarrhoea (maximum bowel movements per day of the permeability indices C/R, L/ R, C/M and L/M five) without further clinical symptoms. Patients with were derived. more frequent bowel movements or with additional clinical symptoms were included in the group with STATISTICS high disease activity. Three patients with ulcerative colitis and 15 patients The data were expressed as mean and standard error suffering from Crohn´s disease had undergone surgery of the mean (SEM) unless otherwise mentioned. in the past, including eleven patients with who had an ileocoecal resection. RESULTS: 18 of the patients with Crohn´s disease had involve- ment of the terminal ileum and the other 8 patients The sugar solution was well tolerated and no patient had involvement of the colon. Nine patients with ul- reported diarrhoea after oral administration. There cerative colitis had localized disease of the left colon, was no significant difference in relation to gender or whilst the remainder suffered from pan colitis The di- age.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hypoglycemic Activity and Mechanism of the Sulfated Rhamnose Polysaccharides Chromium(III) Complex in Type 2 Diabetic Mice
    Bioorganic Chemistry 88 (2019) 102942 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Bioorganic Chemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/bioorg Hypoglycemic activity and mechanism of the sulfated rhamnose T polysaccharides chromium(III) complex in type 2 diabetic mice Han Yea, Zhaopeng Shenb, Jiefen Cuia, Yujie Zhua, Yuanyuan Lia, Yongzhou Chia, ⁎ Jingfeng Wanga, Peng Wanga, a College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China b College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The sulfated rhamnose polysaccharides found in Enteromorpha prolifera belong to a class of unique polyanionic Chromium polysaccharides with high chelation capacity. In this study, a complex of sulfated rhamnose polysaccharides with Glucose metabolism chromium(III) (SRPC) was synthesized, and its effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in mice fed a high-fat, Hypoglycemic high-sucrose diet was investigated. The molecular weight of SRPC is 4.57 kDa, and its chromium content is Mice 28 μg/mg. Results indicated that mice treated by oral administration of SRPC (10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg body Sulfated rhamnose polysaccharides mass per day) for 11 weeks showed significantly improved oral glucose tolerance, decreased body mass gain, reduced serum insulin levels, and increased tissue glycogen content relative to T2DM mice (p < 0.01). SRPC treatment improved glucose metabolism via activation of the IR/IRS-2/PI3K/PKB/GSK-3β signaling pathway (which is related to glycogen synthesis) and enhanced glucose transport through insulin signaling casca- de–induced GLUT4 translocation. Because of its effectiveness and stability, SRPC could be used as a therapeutic agent for blood glucose control and a promising nutraceutical for T2DM treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • 58. Cross-Induction of the L-Fucose System by L-Rhamnose In
    JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Aug. 1987, p. 3712-3719 Vol. 169, No. 8 0021-9193/87/083712-08$02.00/0 Copyright © 1987, American Society for Microbiology Cross-Induction of the L-Fucose System by L-Rhamnose in Escherichia coli Y.-M. CHEN,1 J. F. TOBIN,2 Y. ZHU,' R. F. SCHLEIF,2 AND E. C. C. LIN'* Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,1 and Department ofBiochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 022542 Received 6 January 1987/Accepted 21 May 1987 Dissimilation of L-fucose as a carbon and energy source by Escherichia coli involves a permease, an isomerase, a kinase, and an aldolase encoded by the fuc regulon at minute 60.2. Utilization of L-rhamnose involves a similar set of proteins encoded by the rha operon at minute 87.7. Both pathways lead to the formation of L-lactaldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. A common NAD-linked oxidoreductase encoded by fucO serves to reduce L-lactaldehyde to L-1,2-propanediol under anaerobic growth conditions, irrespective of whether the aldehyde is derived from fucose or rhamnose. In this study it was shown that anaerobic growth on rhamnose induces expression of not only thefucO gene but also the entirefuc regulon. Rhamnose is unable to induce the fuc genes in mutants defective in rhaA (encoding L-rhamnose isomerase), rhaB (encoding L-rhamnulose kinase), rhaD (encoding L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate aldolase), rhaR (encoding the positive regulator for the rha structural genes), or fucR (encoding the positive regulator for the fuc regulon). Thus, cross-induction of the L-fucose enzymes by rhamnose requires formation of L-lactaldehyde; either the aldehyde itself or the L-fuculose 1-phosphate (known to be an effector) formed from it then interacts with the fucR-encoded protein to induce the fuc regulon.
    [Show full text]
  • Capsular Polysaccharide of Azotobacter Agilis' Gary H
    JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY Vol. 88, No. 6, p. 1695-1699 Decemnber, 1964 Copyright © 1964 American Society for Microbiology Printed in U.S.A. CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE OF AZOTOBACTER AGILIS' GARY H. COHEN2 AND DONALD B. JOHNSTONE Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont Received for publication 19 June 1964 ABSTRACT is confined to well-defined capsules. To our COHEN, GARY H. (University of Vermont, Bur- knowledge, no reports have appeared in the lington), AND DONALD B. JOHNSTONE. Capsular literature concerning the chemistry of the extra- polysaccharide of Azotobacter agilis. J. Bacteriol. cellular polysaccharide of A. agilis. 88:1695-1699. 1964.-Capsular polysaccharide from Azotobacter agilis strain 132 was recovered from MATERIALS AND METHODS washed cells by alkaline digestion. The polysac- Growth of the organisms. A. agilis (ATCC charide was purified by centrifugation, repeated 12838) used alcohol precipitation, Sevag deproteinization, and throughout this study was originally treatment with ribonuclease and charcoal-cellu- isolated in this laboratory from water (Johnstone, lose. Methods of isolation and purification ap- 1957) and designated in subsequent reports as peared to provide a polymer showing no evidence strain 132 (Johnstone, Pfeffer, and Blanchard, of heterogeneity when examined by chemical and 1959; Johnstone, 1962b). Burk's nitrogen-free physical methods. Colorimetric, paper chromato- broth (Wilson and Knight, 1952) at pH 7.0 graphic, and enzymatic analyses on both intact supplemented with 2% sucrose was inoculated and acid-hydrolyzed polysaccharide indicated with cells growing in the logarithmic phase. that the polymer contained galactose and rham- Cultures were incubated at 31 C in 7.5-liter New nose at a molar ratio of approximately 1.0:0.7.
    [Show full text]
  • The Immunomodulatory Properties of L-Rhamnose
    The Immunomodulatory Properties of L-Rhamnose Mimmi Lundahl M.Sc. Immunology Supervisors: Prof. Ed Lavelle and Prof. Eoin Scanlan Report prepared for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Immunology School of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Chemistry Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin 2020 I hereby certify that this report is entirely my own work, and that the contents have not been published elsewhere in paper or electronic form unless indicated through referencing. i Abstract L-Rhamnose is a non-mammalian monosaccharide ubiquitously found on the surface of both commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Previous publications had identified that L-rhamnose-rich Mycobacterium tuberculosis glycolipids, and their structural derivatives, pHBADs, were able to aid this pathogen’s ability to escape immune elimination by repressing protective immune responses. A key immune cell for combatting M. tuberculosis is the macrophage, an innate immune cell present in essentially all tissues. A distinguishing feature of macrophages is their polarisation combined with plasticity; the ability to adopt distinct phenotypes. These are simplified into the pro-inflammatory and bactericidal, “classically activated” M1 macrophages and the “alternatively activated” Th2-promoting and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. To combat M. tuberculosis, M1 macrophage activation is critical. In the research presented herein, it is demonstrated that L-rhamnose skews macrophage polarisation away from a bactericidal phenotype and enhances M2 characteristics. Furthermore, it is revealed that L-rhamnose is capable of inducing macrophage innate memory, causing responses elicited by subsequent stimuli, a week after L-rhamnose incubation, to yield a more anti-inflammatory and anti-bactericidal profile. This is presented both as induction of the regulatory cytokine IL-10, as well as reduced expression of iNOS mRNA.
    [Show full text]
  • Simultaneous Production of Bioactive Compounds for Application In
    A publication of CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGTRANSACTIONS VOL. 64, 2018 The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Enrico Bardone, Antonio Marzocchella, Tajalli Keshavarz Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN978-88-95608- 56-3; ISSN 2283-9216 Simultaneous Production of Bioactive Compounds for Application in Enhanced Oil Recovery Bethânia Felix Ramosa, Lidiane Xisto de Oliveirab, Cristina M Quintellab, Cleveland M. Jonesc, Jacson Nunes Santosa, Leila Cristiane Souzaa, Josilene Lima Matosa, *a Paulo Fernando de Almeida a Biointeraction Sciences Department, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100, Salvador, Brazil bChemical Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100, Salvador - BA, Brazil c Instituto Nacional de Óleo e Gás, State University of Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil [email protected] This research investigated the use of produced water (PW) and raw glycerine, waste products from the oil and biodiesel industry, respectively, as a growth medium and source of nutrients in a bioprocess employing Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas strains, in order to simultaneously produce xanthan gum and rhamnolipids, products already used in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications. The xanthan gum and rhamnolipid produced exhibited excellent viscosity and emulsifying activity characteristics, and better pseudoplasic rheological behaviour than conventional chemical EOR compounds. EOR benefits of incremental oil production, coupled with the use of waste products to produce the compounds employed, minimize the environmental impact of EOR methods employing such compounds. Keywords: bioprocess, biopolymer; biosurfactant; EOR; rhamnolipid; xanthan gum; 1. Introduction One of the main residues generated in the various stages of oil and gas production is produced water (PW) (Fakhru’l-Razi et al., 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Sugar Bearing Crops - M
    CULTIVATED PLANTS, PRIMARILY AS FOOD SOURCES – Vol. II – Sugar Bearing Crops - M. Hajós-Novák SUGAR BEARING CROPS M. Hajós-Novák Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Keywords: carbohydrates, sugars, energy, sugar beet, sugar cane, sweet sorghum, jerusalem artichoke, syrup, ethanol, molasses, fuel Contents 1. The present status of carbohydrate consumption 1.1. The role of carbohydrates in nutrition and feed 1.2. Definition and classification of carbohydrates 1.3. Properties and derivatives of sugars 2. Sugar crops 2.1. Sugar Beet 2.1.1. Origin and history 2.1.2. The sugar beet plant 2.1.3. Cultivation and uses 2.2. Sugar Cane 2.2.1. Origin and history 2.2.2. The sugar cane plant 2.2.3. Culture and uses 2.3. Sweet Sorghum 2.3.1. Cultivation and uses 2.4.Jerusalem Artichoke 3. Sugar crops as source of ethyl alcohol and fuel Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary Sugars and starch both belong to the carbohydrate group. Carbohydrates are the single most important source of food energy in the world. They may be classified according to their degreeUNESCO of polymerization and may –be di videdEOLSS initially into three principal groups, namely sugars, oligosacharides, and polysaccharides. There are sugar crops, like sugar cane, sugar beet,SAMPLE sweet sorghum and Jerusale CHAPTERSm Arthichoke that are cultivated for the production of sugar and some by-products such as alcohol, glyceria, citric acid etc. Of them sugar cane, sugar beet and sweet sorghum are multipurpose crops, because from the same piece of land food, fuel and fodder can be produced.
    [Show full text]
  • The Immunomodulatory Properties of Β-2,6 Fructans: a Comprehensive Review
    nutrients Review The Immunomodulatory Properties of β-2,6 Fructans: A Comprehensive Review Ian D. Young 1,2,* , Dimitrios Latousakis 1 and Nathalie Juge 1,* 1 Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; [email protected] 2 Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3008 Bern, Switzerland * Correspondence: [email protected] (I.D.Y.); [email protected] (N.J.) Abstract: Polysaccharides such as β-2,1-linked fructans including inulin or fructose oligosaccharides are well-known prebiotics with recognised immunomodulatory properties. In recent years, other fructan types covering β-2,6-linked fructans, particularly microbial levans, have gained increasing interest in the field. β-2,6-linked fructans of different degrees of polymerisation can be synthesised by plants or microbes including those that reside in the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating evidence suggests a role for these β-2,6 fructans in modulating immune function. Here, we provide an overview of the sources and structures of β-2,6 fructans from plants and microbes and describe their ability to modulate immune function in vitro and in vivo along with the suggested mechanisms underpinning their immunomodulatory properties. Further, we discuss the limitations and perspectives pertinent to current studies and the potential applications of β-2,6 fructans including in gut health. Keywords: fructan; levan; immunomodulatory; microbiota; gut health; immunity; fructose; polysac- Citation: Young, I.D.; Latousakis, D.; charide; fructooligosaccharide; exopolysaccharide Juge, N. The Immunomodulatory Properties of β-2,6 Fructans: A Comprehensive Review.
    [Show full text]
  • Anaerobic Growth of Listeria Monocytogenes on Rhamnose Is Stimulated by Vitamin B12 and Bacterial Microcompartment Dependent 1,2-Propanediol Utilization
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.20.440696; this version posted April 20, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Anaerobic growth of Listeria monocytogenes on rhamnose is stimulated by Vitamin B12 and bacterial microcompartment dependent 1,2-propanediol utilization Zhe Zeng1, Siming Li1, Sjef Boeren2, Eddy J. Smid1, Richard A. Notebaart1 and Tjakko Abee1* 1: Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands 2: Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands * Correspondence: Tjakko Abee [email protected] bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.20.440696; this version posted April 20, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Abstract The food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is able to form proteinaceous organelles called bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) that optimize the utilization of substrates, such as 1,2-propanediol, and confer an anaerobic growth advantage. Rhamnose is a deoxyhexose sugar abundant in a range of environments including the human intestine, and can be degraded in anaerobic conditions into 1,2-propanediol, next to acetate and lactate. Rhamnose-derived 1,2-propanediol has been found to link with BMCs in a limited number of commensal human colonic species and some human pathogens such as Salmonella enterica, but the involvement of BMCs in rhamnose metabolism and potential physiological effects on L. monocytogenes are still unknown.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Characterization of Yeast Strains from Badacsony, Hungary
    Indian Journal of Experimental Biology Vol. 58, July 2020, pp. 461-473 Isolation and characterization of yeast strains from Badacsony, Hungary Annamária Gerőcs1, Katalin Nemes-Barnás1, Sára Pál1, Barna Szőke2, János Májer2, Tibor Farkas1*# & Ferenc Olasz1* 1Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre (NARIC ABC), Szent-Györgyi Albert Street 4. H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary 2Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre - (NARIC RIVE) Római Street 181. H-8261 Badacsonytomaj, Hungary Supplementary Data Suppl. Table S1 — Comparison of the literature data of carbohydrate utilization of yeast species to that of presented in this study Species Literature data of Data of carbohydrate assimilation (+) Literature data of carbohydrate carbohydrate assimilation (+) presented in Table 1 assimilation (-) Candida californica glucose, xylose, glycerol glucose, sucrose, maltose sucrose, melibiose, galactose, maltose, L-rhamnose, cellobiose, L/D-arabinose Candida zemplinina glucose, sucrose glucose, sucrose, xylose, maltose melibiose, galactose, maltose, (Starmerella bacillaris) cellobiose, L-rhamnose, xylose, L/D-arabinose Hanseniaspora uvarum glucose, cellobiose glucose, sucrose, galactose, xylose, maltose, sucrose, melibiose, galactose, glycerol maltose, L-rhamnose, xylose, L/D- arabinose Pichia fermentans glucose, xylose, glycerol* glucose, sucrose, galactose, glycerol, sucrose, melibiose, galactose, xylose,maltose, cellobiose maltose, cellobiose, L-rhamnose,
    [Show full text]
  • Study on the Effect of Ph, Temperature and Aeration on the Cellular Growth and Xanthan Production by Xanthomonas Campestris Using Waste Residual Molasses P
    ssing oce & pr B Mudoi et al., J Bioproces Biotechniq 2013, 3:3 o io i t B e f c h o n l i DOI: 10.4172/2155-9821.1000135 a q n u r e u s o J Journal of Bioprocessing & Biotechniques ISSN: 2155-9821 Research Article Open Access Study on the Effect of pH, Temperature and Aeration on the Cellular Growth and Xanthan Production by Xanthomonas campestris Using Waste Residual Molasses P. Mudoi*, P. Bharali and B. K. Konwar Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam-784028, India Abstract Waste residual molasses, a non-edible portion produced during the processing of sugarcane juice for the preparation of molasses, may be an alternative low-cost renewable substrate to the pricey food-grade molasses for xanthan production. Systematic strategies were applied to improve xanthan production with a newly isolated indigenous strain Xanthomonas campestris originated from Tezpur, Assam. Analyses with TLC, HPLC and FTIR show that the polymer consisted mainly of glucose, galactose and glucornic acid but showed no evidence of xylose, arabinose or glycoprotein in the polysaccharide. The isolated xanthan exhibited all the required physico-chemical characteristics and were examined by using TGA, DSC, XRD and SEM. Maximum concentration of xanthan was observed after 24h of incubation of the culture media, pH 7 at 28°C with 200 rpm. The viscosity of xanthan was found to be stable over a wide range of pH, reduced with the increase in temperature and raised at the higher xanthan concentration. The results obtained in the present investigation are noteworthy for the possible xanthan production from low-cost waste residual molasses at an industrial level.
    [Show full text]
  • Biotechnological Production of Glycolic Acid and Ethylene Glycol: Current State and Perspectives
    Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-09640-2 MINI-REVIEW Biotechnological production of glycolic acid and ethylene glycol: current state and perspectives Laura Salusjärvi1 & Sami Havukainen1 & Outi Koivistoinen1 & Mervi Toivari1 Received: 4 September 2018 /Revised: 8 January 2019 /Accepted: 9 January 2019 # The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Glycolic acid (GA) and ethylene glycol (EG) are versatile two-carbon organic chemicals used in multiple daily applications. GA and EG are currently produced by chemical synthesis, but their biotechnological production from renewable resources has received a substantial interest. Several different metabolic pathways by using genetically modified microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium glutamicum and yeast have been established for their production. As a result, the yield of GA and EG produced from sugars has been significantly improved. Here, we describe the recent advancement in metabolic engi- neering efforts focusing on metabolic pathways and engineering strategies used for GA and EG production. Keywords Glycolic acid . Ethylene glycol . D-xylose . Glyoxylate shunt . D-xylulose-1-phosphate pathway . D-ribulose-1-phosphate pathway . L-xylulose-1-phosphate pathway . Dahms pathway . Serine pathway . Metabolic engineering . Biotechnology . Biorefinery Introduction agents. The market is expected to reach US$415.0 million by 2024 (https://www.grandviewresearch.com/press-release/ Glycolic acid (GA) is a small two-carbon α-hydroxy acid global-glycolic-acid-market). (Fig. 1a) with both alcohol and acid groups (pKa 3.83). GA is naturally produced by some chemolithotrophic iron- Textile industry uses GA as a dyeing and tanning agent, in and sulphur-oxidizing bacteria (Nancucheo and Johnson food industry, it is used as a flavour and preservative and in the 2010) or from glycolonitrile by hydrolyzation by nitrilase en- pharmaceutical industry as a skin care agent.
    [Show full text]
  • The Importance of L-Rhamnose Sugar
    Mini Review ISSN: 2574 -1241 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.21.003606 The Importance of L-Rhamnose Sugar Hüseyin Kahraman* Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkey *Corresponding author: Hüseyin Kahraman, Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Turkey ARTICLE INFO Abstract Received: September 16, 2019 Citation: Hüseyin Kahraman. The Importance of L-Rhamnose Sugar. Biomed J Sci & Tech Published: September 20, 2019 Res 21(3)-2019. BJSTR. MS.ID.003606. Mini Review used as the source of rhamnose-containing polysaccharide, release L-Rhamnose (6-deoxy-L-mannose) is a sugar belonging to a of the polysaccharide to the growth medium results in a high viscosity deoxy- family commonly found in bacteria and plants (Figure 1). It is now known that L-rhamnose sugar plays an important role in many pathogenic bacteria. Four enzymes are known to be involved culture. A final disadvantage is that the polysaccharides released by together with the protein components. These protein contaminants in the path of biological synthesis. The crystal structures of two the microbial cells into the culture medium are generally purified of the polysaccharide. Upon isolation of polysaccharides from studied. This synthesis pathway is not present in humans. Thus, require the use of additional purification steps prior to hydrolysis of these have been identified and the other two continue to be plants or bacteria, processing of polysaccharides requires the use enzymes that functions in this pathway become very attractive for of solvents for dissolution. This polysaccharide-solvent mixture is therapeutic intervention [1]. Therefore, all problems associated with the processing of rhamnose ultimately a highly viscous material which is difficult to process.
    [Show full text]