Updated-Draft-Of-Guidebook Ver3-2 Ready-For-Printing Final3edit.Pdf
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Coastal Ecosystem Conservation and Adaptive Management (CECAM) Approach Guidebook GUIDEBOOK The Coastal Ecosystem Conservation and Adaptive Management (CECAM) Approach as an Innovation to Existing ICZM Frameworks Editors M.D. Fortes and K. Nadaoka Principal Contributors Ariel Blanco Kazuo Nadaoka Wilfredo Campos Masahiro Nakaoka Miguel D. Fortes Homer Pagkalinawan Bryan Clark Hernandez Maria Lourdes SD- McGlone Eugene Herrera Wilfredo H. Uy Kentaro Iwai Takahiro Yamamoto Chunlan Lian Masaya Yoshikai Toshihiro Miyajima 2 DISCLAIMER: Use of such uploaded unpublished data, information and figures for any purpose should be with the expressed or written permission from CECAM or the author(s). Coastal Ecosystem Conservation and Adaptive Management (CECAM) Approach Guidebook ACKNOWLEDGMENT This GUIDEBOOK was completed with the valuable encouragement and support from a wide range of government and private agencies, academic institutions, programs and projects, NGOs, POs and individuals, all of which or whom are committed to the environmental and social sustainability of Philippine and Asia-Pacific coasts. They include, but are not limited to, the following: Funding agencies Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA, Manila and Tokyo Offices) Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST, Singapore and Tokyo Offices) Commission on Higher Education (CHED) of the Republic of the Philippines Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) Academic Partner Institutions In Japan: Tokyo Institute of Technology Hokkaido University Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Kochi University LEAD-Japan Asia Pacific Initiative, Tokyo, Japan. Nagasaki University Port and Airport Research Institute The University of Tokyo University of the Ryukyus In the Philippines: University of the Philippines Diliman Mindanao State University Naawan University of the Philippines Visayas Government and Private Partner Agencies Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources of the Department of Agriculture (DA-BFAR) Biodiversity Management Bureau of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (BMB-DENR) Laguna Lake Development Authority of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (LLDA-DENR) National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) Local Government Units of Pangasinan (Bolinao, Alaminos, Anda, Bani), Laguna, Puerto Galera (Oriental Mindoro), Malay (Aklan), Guimaras, Banate (Iloilo), Laguindingan (Misamis Oriental), Lopez Jaena (Misamis Occidental) Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry – Boracay Chapter (PCCI-Boracay) Special individuals for their support and inspiration …our Research Assistants and friends in the field whose reliability and consistent help have made the chore so much less tiring and whose intelligent inquiry, more inspiring. 3 DISCLAIMER: Use of such uploaded unpublished data, information and figures for any purpose should be with the expressed or written permission from CECAM or the author(s). Coastal Ecosystem Conservation and Adaptive Management (CECAM) Approach Guidebook TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT .......................................................................................... 3 Chapter 1 Introduction........................................................................................................... 7 Target readers, purpose and structure of this guidebook ....................................................7 References ..............................................................................................................................................8 Chapter 2 The coastal environment of the Philippines .............................................. 9 Status of coastal ecosystems in the Philippines: how ‘endangered’ are they? .......... 11 How ‘endangered’ are the Philippine coastal ecosystems? .............................................. 18 References ........................................................................................................................................... 23 Chapter 3 The CECAM Approach: Transforming the ‘failures’ into successes . 27 Integrated science-based management................................................................................... 27 Establishment of effective MPA network for conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem functions ............................................................................................................................................... 48 Proper risk assessment with damage potential mapping ................................................ 51 The CECAM approach as an innovation of existing ICZM frameworks ....................... 59 References ........................................................................................................................................... 61 Chapter 4 Case Studies: The core of the CECAM Approach to ICZM ....................... 62 Overview of the design of activities at the project sites .................................................... 62 Case Studies: How CECAM addresses site-specific issues ................................................. 65 Bolinao, Pangasinan ......................................................................................................................... 65 Laguna Lake, Metro Manila ........................................................................................................... 81 Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro .................................................................................................. 99 Boracay, Malay, Aklan .................................................................................................................... 113 Banate, Iloilo ..................................................................................................................................... 135 Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental .............................................................................................. 152 References ........................................................................................................................................ 164 Chapter 5 Conclusion and General Recommendations ........................................... 169 Conclusion and Lessons Learned ............................................................................................ 169 General recommendations ......................................................................................................... 170 References ........................................................................................................................................ 170 Annexes ................................................................................................................................... 171 I. Continuous and Comprehensive Monitoring System (CCMS) Guideline ...... 171 II. IDSS Guideline ................................................................................................................ 203 III. MPA Guideline............................................................................................................... 224 Acronyms................................................................................................................................ 237 Glossary of Key Terms ........................................................................................................ 238 4 DISCLAIMER: Use of such uploaded unpublished data, information and figures for any purpose should be with the expressed or written permission from CECAM or the author(s). Coastal Ecosystem Conservation and Adaptive Management (CECAM) Approach Guidebook Executive Summary The coastal ecosystems of the Philippines (e.g. seagrass beds, mangroves and coral reefs) are at high risk of further degradation if not of being completely lost in the next three decades. This grim scenario is an offshoot of the current conditions reflected in the following statements, which summarize the gist of the guidebook. They are the compelling reasons that justify the conceptualization and implementation of the CECAM Project. 1. The overall condition of the Philippine coastal environment is POOR to FAIR. The seas surrounding the study sites of CECAM are microcosms reflecting these conditions. Compared with the marine waters of other neighboring countries in Southeast Asia, the Philippine territorial seas are considered as being in poor-to-fair condition. The coastal environment, however, is largely in the ‘poor’ category; many habitats closest to pollution hotspots are even considered beyond recovery. This is a testament to the extreme pressures of the recent past and the present decades, combined with relatively poor conservation and management of high-priority and emerging issues in the last 20 years. 2. Philippine marine science and its usefulness in the sustainable development of coastal resources and institutions are not well suited to the local actual conditions and needs. This is also reflected at the project sites of CECAM. Two of the most significant driving forces which are placing lives of coastal communities and nature’s balance at great risk are: Global warming and resource depletion. While national and local laws exist, these are not or incompletely enforced. On the other hand, while science has shown significant signs of improvement in terms of funding, priorities still remain misguided. What is needed is a better and proper understanding and sustainable use of the environment and its resources, using science within the purview of a social-ecological