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Solar Radiation Measurements at Lincoln

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Solar Radiation Measurements at Lincoln JANUARY,1916. MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. 5 Commencing with January 1, 1916, new dail normals when Marvin pyrheliometer No. 3, of the spiral ribbon of the total solar and SIC radiation have gee, em- t e, was installed at the Weather Bureau office in the ployed. These have been Jetermined in the same way Gce Physical Laboratory, Univcrsity of Nebrasktx as those previously used," except that they are based This laborittory is on t.hc university canipus, ust north exclusively on the data obtained at the central office of the business section of Lincoln, and hut a Iew blocks of the Weather Bureau between July, 1909, and April, east of esteilsivr! railroad yards. In consequence, there 1912, and at the American University between Novem- is considerable sinoke ni the ntinospherc!, especially in ber 1, 1914, and the end of the current month. winter, escept when strong northwest winds prevail. In Table 4 are 'ven the daily totals of radiation, the For the esposure of the p-yrhrliometer during observa- departures from tf e five-year dail normals determined tions, shelves were nrccted outside a south and a wost as above, and the accumulated c9eficiency of radiation third-story window of the laboratory. During the winter during the month. The latter shows an average defi- the sun could be observed from the south window at any ciency of about 20 calories per day during the httwo hour of the day. During late aftornoon hours in summer decades, but very nearly the normal amount of radiation it could be observed from the wost window, but both during the third decade. windows were in the shade during the early morning It will be seen from the sums of the daily totals and hours at thie season. departures of radiation that the new normals are sli htly The Marvin pyrheliometer has been compared from lower than those ublished in the REVIEWfor drch, time to time with Smithsonian silver-disk pyrheliometer 1915,43: 106, Tabf e 4. No. 1, and the results are summarized in Table 1. They do not indicate that the instrument has undergone any TABLE4-Dail totals and de artzcrcs of solar and eky rodiation ut change, except that its coefficient of absorption was dashington, D. C!, during January, 1916. brought up to its original value by re-sooting on July 13, [Chm-caloriesper square centimeter 01 horizontal surh.] 1915. ______ ...... Practically all the radiation measurements at the Weather Bureau office were made b Mr. G. A. Loveland, Day Of month. in charge of station, or by Mr. El? G. Carter, the first assistant. These measurements are summarized in I Table 2 (City Station). On account of the small number ' Qr.-al. Gr.-eal. ! Gr.4. of measurenients obtained, seasonal niems have been Jlre 1........................................... 1 39 -121 I -121 2 ........................................... 118 - 42 i -183 computed insbead of monthly means. They are lower 3 ........................................... I 224 83 I -100 4.. ......................................... j 210 49 - 51 than are correspondin seasonal means for Madison, b ............................................ 175 13 I - 38 Wis., com uted from t% e monthly means given in this 8........................................... 1 148 - 14 52 7.. ......................................... 78 - 87 I 1139 number oP the REVIEW,^:^^^^ 9-12. This is probably 8.. ......................................... 691 -70 9.. ......................................... - 14 ] - 84 because of the smokiness of the atmosphere at Lincoln. 10.. ......................................... 50 -101 I -191 The latitude of the Weather Bureau office at Lincoln is 40' 49' N., its longitude is 96" 45' W., and the elevation of the pyrheliometer above sea level was 1,190 feet, or 363 meters. At the end of June, 1915, the Marvin pyrheliometer was transferred from tho Weather Bureau office to the State Espcriment Station buildi;q on the farm campus at the State University Farm. lhis is just outside the Decade departure.. ............................. ......I.. ..........' -217 city limits of Lincoln and about, 24 miles northeast of the 21- .......................................... -365 Weather I3urea.u office. The latitude at this place is a.. ......................................... -471 29 .................. ;........................ -393 about 40" 50' N., the longitude 96" 41' W., and the eleva- 24. .......................................... 275 92 -301 15. .......................................... 212 27 -274 tion of the p.yrhelionieter above sea level 1,225 feet, or 28.. ......................................... 187 I 0 -274 373 meters. For det.ails relative to this new es osure of n.. ......................................... 203 13 1 -251 s-.......................................... 101 9 I -252 the instrument (Farm Station) the reader is ref erred to 19.. ......................................... 142 I - 52 -304 this number of the REVIEW,page 2. 30.. ......................................... 64 -133 -437 31.. ......................................... 218 1 16 -421 Practicall all the p.yrlielionietric readings at the State Deeade departure. .................................... [- ........... - 13 University $arm have been made by Mr. Carl T. Hilmers, Assistant Obseimr, Weather Bureau. Those for the latter half of 1915 are summarized in Table 3. Conipari- son with Table 3 shows that these readings are marked1 higher than those previously obtained during corresponz ing months at the Weather Bureau office, and escept in -4upt and '3 temnber the monthly means are hi her than those for' fadisnn, above referred to. The hi test readin&%obtained in each of the sis months esceef the highest roadiim t.liat haw been obtained at Madison in the correspon8iig months in any year. It is therefore evident that radiiat.ion nieawrenienLs obtained at the State University Farm at Lincoln, Nebr., mwt be (I ~ ~~~ treated as new series, and not as a continuation of the il See the REVIEWfor Yareh, 1915, SI: 101. aeries obtained at the Weather Bureau office. Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/29/21 02:10 AM UTC 6 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. JANUARY,1916 TABLE1 .-Conipakon of pyrheliomettrs at Lkoln, Neb. TABLE2.-Solar radiation intensit.ics at Lincoln, Nebr. (City Statwn)- Continued. [Gram-calorles per s~uarecentimeter of normal surface.] Srnltp Mar- 801u- vin Datr. an No. 3. 3Acj Sun's zenith dlstme. No. 1. 128:c., ! ll I__' I- - 0.00 I 48.3" ~00.00I bi5:F;F6:175.7- I 77.40 I 78.30 1 79.80 I 80.7- 1911. Date. Aug. 21.. ........... 1.277 1.289 0.994 0.993 Air mass. 22 ............. 1.328 1.311 0.967 0.978 Sept. 14 ............. 1.384 1.367 0.988 0.981 - - - ~~ 0.979 igia 0.992 2.0 2.5 8.0 3.5 4.0 4.6 5.0 5.5 6.0 Apr. 8 .............. 1.423 1.472 1.034 n. 998 ~.-.-__ - ---- 8 .............. 1.420 1.432 1.008 0. YS8 9 .............. 1.332 1.350 1.013 0. Wl Cr.- Gr.- Or.- Gr.- 2.- Or.- Or.- GI.- Or.- Or.- Or.- 9 .............. 1.342 1.355 1.010 0.9h.s 18E col. car. car. eal. :al. eal. ed. cal. cal. ed. cat. 9 .............. 1.077 1.111 1.012 *l.0?5 Oct. 12 .............. 1.27 I. la I. 00 1.91 ............ ....................... 1.308 1.007 1.004 12 .............. 1.25 1.12 1.00 1.w 0. 82 u. 75 3.GS 0.55 ............ 1.002 15 ............... 1. lti ..... ..... ................ ................. I------ Oct. 12.............. 1.030 1.054 1.023 0.9s 17 .............. 1.1s .._....... 12 .............. l.li4 1.204 1.0?5 0.984 18 .............. 1.2' ..... ..... 12 .............. 1.253 1.238 0. W8 0.980 ?'. ............. 1.w ..... ..... 12 .............. 1.18 1.187 1.015 0.998 25 .............. 1.15 ..... ..... 15............. 0.~22 n.m 0. Y8Y !!ti .............. 1.18 ..... ..... 17 ............. 1.26; 1.?75 0.991 "0 .............. 1.23 ..... ..... ............. o.s:,g n.854 1.018 ............. 1.038 Nov. 13.. ..... .:. .......... 1.15 .._.. 20 ............. 1.184 1.217 1.028 15.. ...... I.. ......... 1. n? ..... ............. 1.291 1.323 1.025 18 ................... 1. 14 ..... 20 ............. 1.350 1.112 1.010 18.. ................. 1.14 ! 20 ............. 1.293 1.284 0.993 19. .................. 1. 111) ..... i LW ............. LIVi 1.218 1. Ulb: 1. P 1.14 I 1.29 1.00 ..... 1.03 ................. * Surface of Marvln hstrument re-sootad on July 13. 1. oli ................. 1913. 1 TABLEL-Solar radiation intensities ut Lincoln, Xebr. (City Stdim). Sept. 25 ........ 1.27 ...... ..... ................. 26 1.35 ...... ..-.. ................. [Gramalories per minute per square centlrnctor of normal surface.] ........I :::::I . oet. 32 .............. I... .. 1.18 ..... ................. 25.. ..... ... .I.. ... ...... 1. os ................. Sun's zenith distance. -1.. ....... sept. Y:.. .... j. ... ._I1. u3 ...... ................. 0.00 148.3O Im.00 166.5" j 70.7' 1n.v 175.7" 177.40 17b.30 i9.8" 3 .............. 1.17 1.01 ..... ................. I I So.;. 18 0.97 ..... ................. Dates. 18 1.91 1.15 1. os ................. Air 24.. 1.37 1.27 1. os ................. mass. x.... 1.27 0.90 ................. - .. - 30 1.13 0.99 0. s7 1.80 ............ 30 1.?2 1.11 1. O? ................. 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 I 5.0 5.5 i 6.0 --__- -I---- - OCt. 16 .............. 1.42 1.27 ..-. ................. 10.. ................. 1. '38 1.19 1. 12 ............ Or.. Or.- Or.- Or.- Or.- Or.. Or.- Or.- 1 Or.- ar.- I ur.- 24l ................... ...... ._._3.90 ............ 1910. cd. cd. cat. cat. ed. cai. cal. car. i cat. eal. i cd. 27 ................... 1.37 1.22 ................ Aug. 1A. ...... ......................... ! ...... 27 ................... 1.39 1.27 I. 1G 1.06 0.07 ?o ....... ..... 1.04 29 .............. 1.44 1.33 I. ?' ................ 21 ._-.--. ..... 1.15 .... ............................. I ...... 29.. ................. 1.35 1.3 1.07 1.07 0.95 .I I 24.. ..... 1.25 i ......,...... Nor. 6 ................... 1.38 1.18 1.05 _._._..__.. 1913. .. 6. .................. 1.37 1.26 1.14 1.W 0.94 June 11 ....... 1.17 ......................... ! ........................ I ............ 1'. ...... i.?n .................. ..__I.................. ......I...... 1 ...... Means (fall).. ...... 1.24 1. PI 1.14 1.03 0.94 0.80 ..~~~1s ....... 1.17 ~i.................. 1:: .___I .................
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