Solar Radiation Measurements at Lincoln

Home , April 1912, January 1916, June 1912

JANUARY,1916. MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. 5 Commencing with January 1, 1916, new dail normals when Marvin pyrheliometer No. 3, of the spiral ribbon of the total solar and SIC radiation have gee, em- t e, was installed at the Weather Bureau office in the ployed. These have been Jetermined in the same way Gce Physical Laboratory, Univcrsity of Nebrasktx as those previously used," except that they are based This laborittory is on t.hc university canipus, ust north exclusively on the data obtained at the central office of the business section of Lincoln, and hut a Iew blocks of the Weather Bureau between July, 1909, and April, east of esteilsivr! railroad yards. In consequence, there 1912, and at the American University between Novem- is considerable sinoke ni the ntinospherc!, especially in ber 1, 1914, and the end of the current month. winter, escept when strong northwest winds prevail. In Table 4 are 'ven the daily totals of radiation, the For the esposure of the p-yrhrliometer during observa- departures from tf e five-year dail normals determined tions, shelves were nrccted outside a south and a wost as above, and the accumulated c9eficiency of radiation third-story window of the laboratory. During the winter during the month. The latter shows an average defi- the sun could be observed from the south window at any ciency of about 20 calories per day during the httwo hour of the day. During late aftornoon hours in summer decades, but very nearly the normal amount of radiation it could be observed from the wost window, but both during the third decade. windows were in the shade during the early morning It will be seen from the sums of the daily totals and hours at thie season. departures of radiation that the new normals are sli htly The Marvin pyrheliometer has been compared from lower than those ublished in the REVIEWfor drch, time to time with Smithsonian silver-disk pyrheliometer 1915,43: 106, Tabf e 4. No. 1, and the results are summarized in Table 1. They do not indicate that the instrument has undergone any TABLE4-Dail totals and de artzcrcs of solar and eky rodiation ut change, except that its coefficient of absorption was dashington, D. C!, during January, 1916. brought up to its original value by re-sooting on July 13, [Chm-caloriesper square centimeter 01 horizontal surh.] 1915. ______...... Practically all the radiation measurements at the Weather Bureau office were made b Mr. G. A. Loveland, Day Of month. in charge of station, or by Mr. El? G. Carter, the first assistant. These measurements are summarized in I Table 2 (City Station). On account of the small number ' Qr.-al. Gr.-eal. ! Gr.4. of measurenients obtained, seasonal niems have been Jlre 1...... 1 39 -121 I -121 2 ...... 118 - 42 i -183 computed insbead of monthly means. They are lower 3 ...... I 224 83 I -100 4...... j 210 49 - 51 than are correspondin seasonal means for Madison, b ...... 175 13 I - 38 Wis., com uted from t% e monthly means given in this 8...... 1 148 - 14 52 7...... 78 - 87 I 1139 number oP the REVIEW,^:^^^^ 9-12. This is probably 8...... 691 -70 9...... - 14 ] - 84 because of the smokiness of the atmosphere at Lincoln. 10...... 50 -101 I -191 The latitude of the Weather Bureau office at Lincoln is 40' 49' N., its longitude is 96" 45' W., and the elevation of the pyrheliometer above sea level was 1,190 feet, or 363 meters. At the end of June, 1915, the Marvin pyrheliometer was transferred from tho Weather Bureau office to the State Espcriment Station buildi;q on the farm campus at the State University Farm. lhis is just outside the Decade departure...... I...... ' -217 city limits of Lincoln and about, 24 miles northeast of the 21- ...... -365 Weather I3urea.u office. The latitude at this place is a...... -471 29 ...... ;...... -393 about 40" 50' N., the longitude 96" 41' W., and the eleva- 24...... 275 92 -301 15...... 212 27 -274 tion of the p.yrhelionieter above sea level 1,225 feet, or 28...... 187 I 0 -274 373 meters. For det.ails relative to this new es osure of n...... 203 13 1 -251 s-...... 101 9 I -252 the instrument (Farm Station) the reader is ref erred to 19...... 142 I - 52 -304 this number of the REVIEW,page 2. 30...... 64 -133 -437 31...... 218 1 16 -421 Practicall all the p.yrlielionietric readings at the State Deeade departure...... [- ...... - 13 University $arm have been made by Mr. Carl T. Hilmers, Assistant Obseimr, Weather Bureau. Those for the latter half of 1915 are summarized in Table 3. Conipari- son with Table 3 shows that these readings are marked1 higher than those previously obtained during corresponz ing months at the Weather Bureau office, and escept in -4upt and '3 temnber the monthly means are hi her than those for' fadisnn, above referred to. The hi test readin&%obtained in each of the sis months esceef the highest roadiim t.liat haw been obtained at Madison in the correspon8iig months in any year. It is therefore evident that radiiat.ion nieawrenienLs obtained at the State University Farm at Lincoln, Nebr., mwt be (I ~ ~~~ treated as new series, and not as a continuation of the il See the REVIEWfor Yareh, 1915, SI: 101. aeries obtained at the Weather Bureau office.

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TABLE1 .-Conipakon of pyrheliomettrs at Lkoln, Neb. TABLE2.-Solar radiation intensit.ics at Lincoln, Nebr. (City Statwn)- Continued.

[Gram-calorles per s~uarecentimeter of normal surface.] Srnltp Mar- 801u- vin Datr. an No. 3. 3Acj Sun's zenith dlstme. No. 1. 128:c., ! ll I__' I- - 0.00 I 48.3" ~00.00I bi5:F;F6:175.7- I 77.40 I 78.30 1 79.80 I 80.7- 1911. Date. Aug. 21...... 1.277 1.289 0.994 0.993 Air mass. 22 ...... 1.328 1.311 0.967 0.978 Sept. 14 ...... 1.384 1.367 0.988 0.981 - - - ~~ 0.979 igia 0.992 2.0 2.5 8.0 3.5 4.0 4.6 5.0 5.5 6.0 Apr. 8 ...... 1.423 1.472 1.034 n. 998 ~.-.-__ - ---- 8 ...... 1.420 1.432 1.008 0. YS8 9 ...... 1.332 1.350 1.013 0. Wl Cr.- Gr.- Or.- Gr.- 2.- Or.- Or.- GI.- Or.- Or.- Or.- 9 ...... 1.342 1.355 1.010 0.9h.s 18E col. car. car. eal. :al. eal. ed. cal. cal. ed. cat. 9 ...... 1.077 1.111 1.012 *l.0?5 Oct. 12 ...... 1.27 I. la I. 00 1.91 ...... 1.308 1.007 1.004 12 ...... 1.25 1.12 1.00 1.w 0. 82 u. 75 3.GS 0.55 ...... 1.002 15 ...... 1. lti ...... I------Oct. 12...... 1.030 1.054 1.023 0.9s 17 ...... 1.1s .._...... 12 ...... l.li4 1.204 1.0?5 0.984 18 ...... 1.2' ...... 12 ...... 1.253 1.238 0. W8 0.980 ?'...... 1.w ...... 12 ...... 1.18 1.187 1.015 0.998 25 ...... 1.15 ...... 15...... 0.~22 n.m 0. Y8Y !!ti ...... 1.18 ...... 17 ...... 1.26; 1.?75 0.991 "0 ...... 1.23 ...... o.s:,g n.854 1.018 ...... 1.038 Nov. 13...... :...... 1.15 .._.. 20 ...... 1.184 1.217 1.028 15...... I...... 1. n? ...... 1.291 1.323 1.025 18 ...... 1. 14 ..... 20 ...... 1.350 1.112 1.010 18...... 1.14 ! 20 ...... 1.293 1.284 0.993 19...... 1. 111) ..... i LW ...... LIVi 1.218 1. Ulb: 1. P 1.14 I 1.29 1.00 ..... 1.03 ...... * Surface of Marvln hstrument re-sootad on July 13. 1. oli ...... 1913. 1 TABLEL-Solar radiation intensities ut Lincoln, Xebr. (City Stdim). Sept. 25 ...... 1.27 ...... 26 1.35 ...... -...... [Gramalories per minute per square centlrnctor of normal surface.] ...... I :::::I . oet. 32 ...... I... .. 1.18 ...... 25...... I...... 1. os ...... Sun's zenith distance. -1...... sept. Y:...... j. ... ._I1. u3 ...... 0.00 148.3O Im.00 166.5" j 70.7' 1n.v 175.7" 177.40 17b.30 i9.8" 3 ...... 1.17 1.01 ...... I I So.;. 18 0.97 ...... Dates. 18 1.91 1.15 1. os ...... Air 24.. 1.37 1.27 1. os ...... mass. x.... 1.27 0.90 ...... - .. - 30 1.13 0.99 0. s7 1.80 ...... 30 1.?2 1.11 1. O? ...... 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 I 5.0 5.5 i 6.0 --__- -I---- - OCt. 16 ...... 1.42 1.27 ..-...... 10...... 1. '38 1.19 1. 12 ...... Or.. Or.- Or.- Or.- Or.- Or.. Or.- Or.- 1 Or.- ar.- I ur.- 24l ...... _._3.90 ...... 1910. cd. cd. cat. cat. ed. cai. cal. car. i cat. eal. i cd. 27 ...... 1.37 1.22 ...... Aug. 1A...... ! ...... 27 ...... 1.39 1.27 I. 1G 1.06 0.07 ?o ...... 1.04 29 ...... 1.44 1.33 I. ?' ...... 21 ._-.--...... 1.15 ...... I ...... 29...... 1.35 1.3 1.07 1.07 0.95 .I I 24...... 1.25 i ...... ,...... Nor. 6 ...... 1.38 1.18 1.05 _._._..__.. 1913. .. 6...... 1.37 1.26 1.14 1.W 0.94 June 11 ...... 1.17 ...... ! ...... I ...... 1'...... i.?n ...... __I...... I...... 1 ...... Means (fall)...... 1.24 1. PI 1.14 1.03 0.94 0.80 ..~~~1s ...... 1.17 ~i...... 1:: .___I ...... i ...... 23...... 1.20 ...... ' ...... I...... I ...... 1911. ?U ...... 1.24 ...... i...... Dec. 4 ...... 1.21 ...... 27...... 1.29 ...... 4 ...... 1.21 ...... _.i. 5...... 1.18 ..... 1.02 ..... July 16...... 1.20 1.02 ...... n ...... I. 32 ...... 17...... 1.23 0.91 ...... c ...... ?1...... 1.31 ...... I ...... 1912. Jan. 18 ...... 1.42 ...... Aug. I4 ...... 1.11 ...... a7...... 1.03 ...... Feb. 27 ...... 1.38 ...... 1914. Dec. 4 ...... 1.00 ...... June 9...... 1.3% ...... ! ...... 6...... 0.92 ...... 18 ...... 1.35 ...... 1.- .... 9...... 1.08 ...... B...... 1.29 ...... 10...... 1.10 ...... Y...... 1.30 ...... 12...... 1.05 .....I ...... I ..... 12...... 1.06 ...... July 2...... 1.37 ...... 13...... 0.67 8...... 1.36 ...... 19...... 1.0 0.m 10...... 0.99 ...... Allg. 4 ...... 1.13 1.03 ...... !a...... 1.09 5...... 1.28 1.05 ...... I...... !...... 26...... 1: : ..-.. 1.05 ...... 12...... 1.30 1.04 ...... -...,...... 3...... 0.92 ...... 25...... 1.35 1.07 ...... j ...... 28...... 1.07 ...... I..... 31...... 1.14 0.96 0.871 ..... Means (sum I mer). -.-. 1.27 1.05 (1.04) (0.88) (0.82) (0.73) ...... Jan.. 9 ..... 1. ia ...... 1 ..... 1911. 15. 1.02 ...... Nov. !o^ ...... 1.19 1.11 1.04 ...... 15.. 1.08 ...... :..... 12...... 1.50 1.42 1.34 ...... ! 14 ...... 1.29 1.14 ...... Feb. 1 1.19 ...... 14...... 1.16 1.12 1.09 C.94 ...... ,...... 1.24 ...... I--- 15...... 1.32 l.?? ...... 0.98 ...... I.---. 15...... 1.19 1.11 ...... Dee. 10 ..... 1. a0 1.09 ...... 17...... 1.21 ...... i 23...... 0.M ...... 24...... 1.27 ...... 0.95 ...... Jan. W ...... 1.18 ..... 29...... 1.22 ...... 26 ...... I ...... 1::::...... 0.97 0.75 ..... a...... 1.37 ...... 29...... 1.80 1. OB ..... 0.91 0.80

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TABLE2.40hr radiation intensit+ at Lincoln, Nebr. (City Stutbn)- TABLE?i.-Solar radiutwn intensities at Lincoln, Nebr. (State Uni- Contmued. versity Jam).

[Gr8m-c8lorIes per aquare centimeter of normal surface.] [Gram-caloriesper minute per square centfmeter of normal surfnee.)

~ ...... - Sun's zenith distance. Sun's zenith distance. .. -. .-.. ._ .. __ . . -_ . -. _ __ . 0.0' 48.3' 60.0' 68.5' 70.7' 73.6' 75.7' 77.4' 78.3' 79.5" SO.?' 0.0' 14S.3' 160.0° 166.5' 170.5' 1 i3.0" 175.7' 177.4" 178.7" 179.S0 I80.7' D&. I I I I I IT I I r- Date. Air mass. Air moss. - b - __ 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 j 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 i 1.5 I 2.C 2.5 3.0 3.6 4.0 I I I 1 I I I I 1 - _. .. - 1015. Or. Gr. Gr.. GI.- 01.- c A.M. Ed. col. 1914. I cal eal. CUI. eal. % Jtflg 3 ...... 1.31 1.22 Fab. 7...... I 1.1 1. UI 17. ... 4 ...... I ..... ~ 1.31 1.2 1.21 24...... I.. 1.42 1.25 1.05 5 ...... 11.3; , 1.27 ...... 6- ...... 11.3: l 1.21 1.1 n. 4 0.m I:::::. --.-. 1.88 1.07 0.00 0.B2 (0.85)(0.64) 0.63 (0.64) ...... i...... )...... vwna(w<ar). (1.40) 9 ...... 1.31 i:::::: :::: ...... 1912. I 15 ...... 1.3: 1.a 1.0 .._...... Apr. 5 ...... 1.39 ...... I 16 ...... 1.3; ...... _.-. .... 5 ...... 1.4s 1.42 ...... 17...... 1.24 1.1, ...... 9 ...... 1.42 1.30 ...... 1s...... I ...:, ...... 9...... 1.18 ...... 20...... 1.34 1.- 1.1s 1.1: 10...... 1.00 0.99 0.93 0.87 0.52 0.i6 0.6s ...... 21 ...... 1.4: 1.31 I ::; 1.11 1.01 11...... 1.06 0.95 ...... 22 ...... 1.3: 1.3 1. O! 1.0: 0. ss 11...... 1.15 1.06 ...... 31...... I .... 1.0: ...... 12...... 1.25 ...... 22 ...... 1.46 1.31 1.14 ...... 1.26 1.11 1.10 1. o! 0.84 0. S6 m ...... 1.z 1.15 ...... July 'iM _.___. 6...... 1.40 1.03 0.75 ...... I___._ 1.24 1.1: 1.0: n. D; ...... _.. 8...... 1.35 ...... Y ...... 1.12 ...... 8 ...... 1.41 1.30 1.21 ...... 10 ...... 1.3s 1.3 1.1! 1. IC ...... Is...... 1.33 ...... 11 ...... 1..u 1.20 1.01 0.94 n. s: ...... """I...... 12...... 1.34 1.1s 1.R 1.01: u. SI ..... ,...... I...... 16...... 1.31 ...... 1.31 ...... 0.5; 11. :: ...... n.... n. si 11. Sf 0. ii 10.cti ...... 24 ...... 1.28 1.10 1.01 0.97 ...... 1913. 1.1c 1. 05 ...... m.6...... 1. lm 1. UI 0. !4 0.90 IO.Sli ...... 11...... -...... I.._...... n ...... 27...... 1. cw 0. 'J3 0. SI ...... 18 ...... hf&lIlS...... I 1.36 1. la 1.01 1.01 0. a1 0.8: (0.78) (0.88) ...... Apr. 11 ...... 1.15 ...... 17...... 1.24 1.08 0.92 ...... A. P. I ...... 1.07 ...... Aug. 5 ...... 1 ..... 1. 22 1.11 ..... ___..._...... m ...... 1 I...... 0.67 0.60 ...... -6 1.19 ...... ! ...... 10...... 0.4s 0.41 0.31 ...... 11 ...... 0.75 0.G 0.5s 0.54 0.50 ...... 2a .....:.. 1.26 1.00 ...... 12.. 1.25 1.12 ...... n ...... I.. 13...... I :1::: ...... : 0.Y.i 0.83 (1.71 0.5: 1914. 14...... 1. 0s 1 0. Y> 0. s1 ..-...... m.6 1.40 1.28 ...... 20...... I ...... 0.79 n. 71 ...... 0.97 ! 0.9: 11. .w u. I& 0.56 23 ...... 1.26 1.03 ...... 31.. 0.53 ...... 23.. 1.26 ...... i-----. 2? ...... 0. h:! [I. 711 ..... 0.56 0.50 0.44 ...... !?4...... u. ti3 n. 51' 0.w n.41 .___._._____._____ 29. Apr. 8 ...... 1.58 1.39 1.B ...... I...... 1.011 1.02 n. 95 0.80 0.s ...... 14.. 1.17 1.05 ...... ! ...... 30...... 1.13 1.07 I). 5s ...... 31...... _._I1.21: 1.17 I. 12 1. iltj 0.99 ...... May 18 ...... 1.26 ...... 13...... 1.29 ...... 1. OT I 0. BE 0.88 3. 78 0.71 0.67 0.67 (0.44) ...... 14...... 1.12 ...... ( ...... I------1.02 I. 93 0. M 1915. ! ...... __...... Ibr. 81 ...... 1....., 1.26 ...... Apr. 1 ...... 1.53 ...... (1. 71 1. 62 0.55 2...... 1.39 1.25 1.12 ...... 14...... 0.81 ._...... 3...... 1.37 1.24 1.12 1.01 0.92 ...... 16...... 1 1.54 ...... 6...... 1.33 ...... 19 ...... 1.25 __..I 1. 1;s 0.63 29 1.24 1.m 20 ...... I ...... 1.19 1.0s o. DS ). 91 0. *2 ...... I...... 21 ...... i.1G 0.99 ...... 11 1.84 ...... !E ...... _.___~.nn D. 0; b. YR .... May ...... 34 ...... 1.84 1.24 1.11 1. US I. 96 0. SO 0. os 1.86 1.26 110 1.01 0.02 (O.w))(O.Be)(O.76),(0.68) ...... 27...... I ...... Meam (spring). 29...... 1. "3 1.15 I. ns 1.111 IC95 0.w 0.M 0.79 ...... 30 ...... 1.42 1.24 1. in 1.00 1. 92 0.85 0.78 0.73 0.71 0.67 __.__. 81...... 1.43 1.33 1.1s 1. 0s ...... 1.16 I' 1.07 0.07 ). 87 0.88 0.70 0.67 0.68 0.88 (0.64) 1.2s 1. 19 1.12 1.03 0.95 ...... 0.94 0. L5 0.73 ...... 5...... 0.03 0.73 D. R:: 1. 52 0.45 I ...... 1. Sli 1.12 1.00 I. s9 0.70 8...... _._..I. SF) 0.61 17...... _...... 18...... __...... _. 21...... 23...... 1.2 1.14 I. 06 0. 95 Means...... 1. m 1.06 0. 02 ). 87 0.80 I 1.11 L.IW 0.96 0 s9, 0 84 0 78 ...... 1.00 ). 83 0. ti4 0:75 I0:07 16s .._.__.._._ i.ij.l.i-oi ...... --...... I ...... I I...... ! ...... ,...... izj I 1:11 1.05 I. 96 0.5s u.80 10.72 0.64 ...... I ..... 1.01 .... I A 75 ...... II

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/29/21 02:10 AM UTC 8 ., ; ;. , JANUARY,1916 MONTHLY WEATH,ER.. <','- REVIEW. -i 1 " 9 ..i ....i TABLE3.nohr radiation in.tensities ut Liiwh, Nebr. (State Uni- SOL-& RADIATION MEASUREMENTS AT BUDISON, versity furrn)-Continued. WIS., 1913-1016. [Grmealories per minute per square centlmeter of normal surfwe.] 15)' HERBEH'I' H. KIMBALL.Professor of Meteorologv, and ERICR. -- -_ . .- MILLER,Local Forecaster. Suds zenith distance. [Dated: Wnshington, D. C'., Feb. 15,1916.1 0.0' 148.3' 160.0° 166.5' 170.7' I73.0' 175.7" 17.4' I Xi" 179.S' I 80.7' The radiation measurements summarized in Table 3 Date. below nre in continuation of those for the period July, Air ms. 1910, to June, 1912, inclusive, published in t,he Bulletin - I of tlic Mount Weather Observatory, 1912? 5 : 177-181. 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 4.0 Thse hitter are included on the monthly nieans of --- - . ._ Talde 3, which are the arithmeticd means of all the 1915. Gr.- Or.- Or.- Or.- Or.- A. or P. AX. published measurements at the respective P. Y. eel. cd. cat. cl. tal. ax. Sept. 16 ...... 0.97 0.87 .._._n. 71; air niwsw for iiiontlis of the same name. 1s...... 1.43 1.33 1.24 1. 15 1.07 1.W (1. 94 19...... 1.10 ..... 0 .s4 0.75 0. I:i .... Tho ix(mis liere given arc gcnsrlly lower than those 3...... 1.40 1.32 1.24 ...... suninimim:l in the 12iilletin above referred to, p. 182, 21.. -.-. . 1.80 1.2s 1.17 i.ns 1) q9 n. D? 22...... 1.3 1.13 1.01 I). 91 I 0: sa n. 71; Table 3, aiicl especial!p duiinp t,he early months of tho 27...... ::::::I l.2G 1.15 1.05 n. 97 t 0.91 0. s4 29...... 1.27 1.13 ...... year. Tliia is no tlouht clua in part to the innrked de- ...... I..... pression in radiation int.ensities dr:ring the latter part of Means...... 1.31 1.27 1.15 1.06 0.93 ' 0 88 0.83 i !. 1913 and iiinst of 1913, following the eru Ition of hutmai A. ?A. ! Oct. 2 ...... _.___1.22 i.in ._...... ,! ...... volcano in Alaskn in June, 1013.1 TTn aoubtedly, how- 5...... 1.4.1 l.3? 1.21 ...... ! 1.02 .... ever, tlie oc.crt.iions are ram wlieii such high vdues as I ...... 1.25 ' 1.16 1. 111 s ...... ___1.51 1.44 1.37 1.3:) : 1.23 1.15 those of the early months of 1911 aiid 1913 will he meas- 9...... 1.36 1.2s 1.10 , 1.12 1.06 10...... 1.Bi 1.32 ..-. 1.13 1.____ .... ured at Mlndison, since t,he atmosphere at that place is 13...... 1.34 1.32 1.18 ...... I n.w n. sn n.es ...... apt to be more or less smokj-, especially during the 17...... _.__.1.3 1.27 1.19 1.13 j 1.07 1.00 0.N ...... !:::::. IS...... 1.27 1.19 ...... ' 1.06 ...... 0.iP ...... ~ ...... winter moil tlis. 21...... 1.9 1.21 1.14 n. 93 n.ss ...... '...... 22...... 1. 51:I 1. 25 1.14 11. s: 0. $0 ...... : ...... 21...... ____.1.37 1.30 1.22 1.02 0.94 n.87 ...... j ...... Tnnm l.--Pon~p~~risrmqf rrtdiatioii. .intensities mtwsurrd ut d[ferent 27...... 1.35 ...... I ...... slaliortr with c.rccp&ionullyelmr skies. 29...... 1.43 1.3s 1. 2i 1.13 I 1.00 0.94 n.si n.ig ...... I ...... Meaus...... ____.1.36 1.U 1.23 1.16 i 1.08 om 0.91 0.78 ...... [Gram-calories per minute per square centimeter of normal surface.] P. Y. ~~ Oct. 2 ...... 1.11 1.03 0.94 I..... _._. _____.0.04 0.13) Air mass. 3...... l.M 1.01 0.97 0.92 ...... I 5...... 1.44 1.35 1.27 1.19 I 1.12 1.05 n.99 c.9~ILS~ .__._. Station. Date. 8. 1.51 1.43 1.54 1.28 1.21 1.16 1.11 ...... 1.06 1.02'._.._ 3.5 4.0 9...... ___.1.P6 1.26 .._...... , ...... !: ..... 3.0 1 I 13...... 1.34 ..... 1.15 1.0s 1.01 0.96 0.90 n.u __.___i .._.._ ...... __...... 17...... 1.B ...... ,...... 21...... 1.21 1.13 1.04 I 0.99 0.92 0. s.5 0.91 ...... : Gr.- I-LI-Gi- Z!...... 1.21 1.13 1.04 10.9s 0.93 0.88 0.u ...... I :::::: I mi. I cui. I ai. 26...... 1.22 1. a3 ...... Yadlson.Wis...... Sept. 4,1914 ...... 1.0s I...... I...... 2;...... 1.24 1.10 ...... I...... ! ...... Mount Weather, \'a ... .I Sept. 28,1914 ...... 1.20 I 3...... 1.29 1. P 1. 14 ~ 1.01 1.90 3bdlson Wis...... 1.47 Meslm...... 1.41 1.25 1. i5 1.10 i 1.08 1.00 Warhh&on, D. C.. ...

A. Y. i Xadison. Wia...... I 1.45 1.40 I 1.32 1.X NUV. 1...... i ...... 1. nl 0. 91.; .!1.50 11.88 1.32 8 ...... 1 ...... 1.39 1.35 1.26 1. 19 1.12 ...... 1.43 1.35 1.30 ...... I.--.-. 12 ...... I ...... 1.40 1. 'sn 1. 1.1 ..... 1. (If ...... I...... I 14 ...... 1 ...... 1.54 1.45 1. :{!I 1.2.t 1.11 i.ni ...... 21 ...... -1...... 1.47 1.41 1.34 1.2s 1. 22 ...... 33...... 1.43 1.33 1.31 1. lfi 1.a~ i.n? _.__._!~~~~~~ On December 30, 1914, and December 28, 1915, the 29 ...... ~ ...... 1.45 1.36 1.30 1.22 1.li 1.12 _____.!:::::: highest Deceniber rudistion intensiticv of record at Mad- Meaus ...... i ...... 1.44 1.41 1.31 1.22 1.13 I ison were obtained, and on September 4, 1914, the high- P. M. I est Septernlm intensities. It is of interest to compare NOV. 1...... 1.30 1.3 1.11 1.0 0.91 11...... I-...... 1. .I2 1. :;6 1.23 1.1s 1.13 these with intensities at other stations at about the same 12 ...... 1.37 1.29 1. ?2 1.14 .._. 19 ...... 1.43 1.3 1.30 1..J .... time, as has been done in Ttible 1. The int.ensities meas- 21 ...... 1.5? 1.44 1.3: 1. :m 1.3 urecl at Mount \Veat,lier, Va., on September 28, 1914, are 28 ...... 1.m 1.29 1.16 1.07 1.01 8 ...... 1.49 ...... the highest September intensities ever measured at the 29 ...... 1.54 1.45 1.37 1.31 1.2: station. Likewise, those for Wnshington on Deceniber Means...... 1.45 1.31 1.25 1.1s 1.11 26, 1914, are the highest intensities for corresponding air ninsses measured at Washington in any month. This is Dec.AiM: _.___1___.__ i ______i 1.80 1. ??. 1.1.1 1. [YJ 1.03 also true of the measurements at Lincoln, Nebr., on De 8 ...... 1.41 .... 1.29 1.21 .__...._.! ...... ! ...... I 1J ...... 1.36 ...... I cernber 28, 1915, while those ohtnined at Ssnta Fe on 17 ...... 1.3s 1.31 1.3 1.17 1.10 1.E 1:::::: ::::::;:::::: 20...... 1.42 1.34 1.24 1.13 0.99 ...... December 24, 1915, are the highest December radiation 31...... 1.36 1.32 1.24 1.12 .....I ...... 2s...... 1.54 1.41 1.22 .... 1.17 :::::: i :::::: intensities yet measured at that station. I...... Marvin pyrheliometer No. 5. of the spiral-ribbon Means...... 1.38 1.86 1.89 1.20 1.09 1.02 I...... I type, which became tlie station instrument at Madison P. u. I nec. 3 ...... I ...... I ...... I ...... 1.30 1. ?S ' 1.17 '1.11 on November 34, 1911, has been in continuous use since 4 ...... 1.21 1. io I 1. nz 0. I that dnte. It was reconipared with Smitshsonisn silver- 8...... 1.35 .....I ...... 17 ...... 1.5 I 1.10 .... disk pyrlinliometer No. 1 during March and April, 1912, 21...... 1.35 1.3 i 1.24 1.19 28...... 1.3s 1.3'3 .... and ngsiii in March, 1915. The results are given below in Means...... 1.30 1.14 1.16 i(1. 10$0.86)/(0.D8) 1 Ste Bulletin of the Mount Weather Observatory, 1914,6 :208, figure 1, lor a graphia I-----'- - presentstion of thfs depression.

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