National Future Farmer Owned and Published by the Future Farmers of America

The National Future Farmer Owned and Published by the Future Farmers of America

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, \ ^ \ "Did ya hear? He's buying it. Just the one I hoped we'd get."

Remember the first time you went with your Dad to Have you noticed more Big Orange Tractors these buy a tractor? These youngsters are getting a lesson days? You should, because they're moving onto farms in buying that's good for them. Many of you are in ever-increasing numbers. Reasons? Many. Allis- ah'eady making your own buying decisions. And there Chalmers dealers are long-time supporters of F.F.A. are few things that can make anyone think harder They'd really like to talk with you about any of the than making a major purchase with his own money. long line . . . D-10 to Big D-21.

ALLIS-CHALMERS .THE TRACTOR PEOPLE • MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN Wiit you know what to look for when huyinfi your first eiBr?

Buying a ust-d car? Learn to read the signs — the tires, the sheet metal, the upholstery. They can tell you much ahout how the car was driven and

about its gt'iieral condition. You'll end up getting more car for your money, making your first car an even bigger pleasure than you'd hoped.

Look at the car from all angles and under the hood. How about the brake pedal? Does it offer firm Do you see any welds? How ahout the rocker panels'."* resistance after you press it down an inch or two? Any evidence of filler nietaly Find out how hadly If it doesn't there could he a leak in the system — the car was damaged. If the frame was bent, be and another expensive repair. careful of this one.

UNDER OVER 6 Here's another clue in the tires. Are the edges of the tread, where they meet the sidewall, still square? Here's one on lires. These pictures show the results Or are thev rounded off? If the latter, somebody's of under- or over-inllation. If tires weren't properly been |)celing riddier on corners. ] hat doesn't suggest inllaled, they can't have the mileage left in them. careful handling. I'rohahly not the car for you. More important, it suggests the previous owner wasn't loo atleulive lo maintenance. Don't pay for his carelessness.

•^ You've checked the odometer mileage of course. Check the steering wheel. f

If the car drives like new — responsive, firm, no rattles- chances are you have a good machine. But the best ten- dollar investment von can make is to have a mechanic friend check it over carefully before you buy. Good luck and good driving.

Take a look at the inside of the tail pipe. Is it hhu'k and grcasv.'' If it is, the chances are the car

has liccn hurtling oil for some time. A good one to What tire is first choice for < ripinal etjuipnicnt stay away from. on new cars? Firestone — willi iood reason.

YOUR SYMBOL OF QUALITY AND SERVICE

A Sponsor of National Student Traffic Safety Program, National 4-H Automotive Program and FFA

June-July. 1964 :

THE MAGAZINE .The National FOR YOUNG MEN JUNE-JULY, 1964 Future Farmei IN AGRICULTURE

VOLUME 12 NUMBER 5

In This Issue DEPART.MENTS

Your Editors Say 6 Future Farmers Turn Firemen Looking Ahead 10 FIRE PROTECTION ON THE PLAINS EAST OF BELOIT,

KANSAS, WAS SADLY DEFICIENT UNTIL FUTURE FARM- From The Mailbag 1 I ERS FROM SIMPSON CHAPTER DECIDED TO ACT. THEIR RURAL FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT BECAME A MODEL Free For You 16 FOLLOW ACROSS THE NATION WHER- FOR OTHERS TO Something New 16 EVER OUTLYING RURAL AREAS HAVE NO PROTECTION. Photo Roundup 32 Advertising Index 53 Dairy Slotted Floors Cows on Sportrait 53 SLOHED FLOORS FOR HOGS AND BEEF CATTLE BECAME Joke Page 54 THE AGRICULTURAL RAGE A FEW SHORT YEARS AGO AS FARMERS LOOKED TO LABOR-SAVING DEVICES. NOW IN THIS SPECIAL REPORT, A U. S. STEEL CORPORATION ENGINEER WRITES OF HIS DAIRY STUDIES IN EUROPE AND THE FUTURE IN SLOTTED FLOORS FOR DAIRY COWS. Our Cover

In golden ripe fields of grain from coast to coast. Future Farm- Pest Shooting for Sport ers ivill venture forth this month THE WARY WOODCHUCK OFFERS EXCELLENT SUMMER TIME and next to help harvest the na- SPORT ALMOST FROM COAST TO COAST. A NOTED AUTHOR- tion's crop. ITY ON HUNTING WRITES FROM YEARS OF EXPERIENCE ft was such a setting not long TO TELL FUTURE FARMERS HOW BEST TO OUTSMART THIS HAYFIELD PEST. THE RIGHT RIFLE. CORRECT TIME OF ago that framed American Farmer DAY, AND BEST TECHNIQUE WILL PROVIDE YOU RESULTS. Gary Klein as he began harvesting on his Nebraska farm. Blue skies, golden grain, and shiny red machinery quicken the pulse of farm youth as they did for Gary that 12 Farming Without Freedom 28 National Vice Presidents July day. 20 Woodruff's Magic Triangle 30 Take Another Look PHOTO BY C. .\. CROMER 22 Buy a Farm on Installments 34 The Big Trek

THE NATIONAL FUTURE FARMER is mailed 23 Hay Watering 42 Fished-Out Lake every two months on the followinp: dates January 20 FEBRUARY-MARCH Issue 25 Hog House Intercom 44 The FFA in Action March 20 APRIL-MAY Issue 26 ABC's of Farm Insurance 46 History of the Breed May 20 Jl'NE-JULY Issue July 20 AUGUST-SEPTEMBER Issue 27 Montana Dairy Twins 48 Summer Photo Tips September 20 OCTOBER-NOVEMBER Issue November 20 DECEMBER-JANUARY Issue

ADDRESS ,\LL CORRESPONDENCE TO Thr Xalioini! Fl'TLKE F.IKM- n. C .St-cond cla.ss postage paid at Washington. D. C. Copyright 1064 by the ER. Alexandria. Virginia 22306. Offices are located in the Future Farmers Fu Earn Single subscription Building on U. S. Route One, eight miles south of M . Virginia. is 75c per year in U. S. and po ions. Foreign subscription Si. 00 per year. Single copies 20C in U. S. al FUTURE F.ARMER is published bii nthly by the Futu CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Send b. th old and new addresses to Cit of A Inc.. at Sio Rhode Island Ave: ?. N.E.. Washingto Department. Thr Nalimial FUTIRE FARMER. .Alexandria. Virginia 2.?o6,

Macazi.ne Staff ^ATl()^\l, Orgamzatio.n of Future Farmers of .\merica EDITOR, Wilson W. Cannes BOARD OF DIRECTORS NATIONAL OFFICERS BUSINESS MANAGER, V. Stanley Allen Chairman, A. W. Tenney EDITORIAL President Members: Neai D. Andrew, T. L. Nels Aclerson, Indiana Howard R. Carter and Paul S. Weller, Associate Editors, Faulkner, C. C. Eustace,, H. F. Gail H. Butler and Isabella M. Bugbee. Editorial Assistants. Duis, Percy Kirk. M. C. Gaar, Vice Presidents Circulation Assistants: Norma Salvatore, Zelnna McShane, Adrian H. N. Hunsicker, E. J. Johnson. Staqg, Beulah Keeter, Ramona Fetherol. James Teets, West Virginia Promotion Assistant, Jim Hayhurst. FFA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY Marvin Gibson, Tennessee Jan Turner, Utah ADVERTISING Wm. Paul Gray Joseph Coyne, Illinois John C. Foltz. Advertising Manager Regional Ad Managers; Charles R. Ocker, Lennie Gamage, and Le PUBLIC RELATIONS DIRECTOR Student Secretary Richardson. Advertising Assistant, Rosalind N. Pazzato. John Farrar Jon Ford, Oklahoma The National FUTURE FARMER m :^m 1 A '4Lvii^ml^l^^^^HK^ ^ "1 5

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1 n|||i Ill"' FOR TALL THINKERr^

Thinking "tall" — which means stretching your program of Youth Awards for both boys and thinking above the kind you do when you just girls. They're the two handsome trophies want to get by— brings you several rewards. pictured above— modeled after the famous Tall thinking spurs you on to do a bigger job. Danforth Youth Statues at Gray Summit, Mo., And when the job is done, you have the reward and Washington, D. C. of satisfaction within yourself for having done it. If you're a tall thinker— and if you'd like to win one of these Ralston Purina Youth Awards, At Purina, we'd like to reward your tall think- ask your Purina Dealer or Purina Salesman

ing in another way. We've started a whole new for details. Or, write us at . . .

RALSTON PURINA COMPANY • CHECKERBOARD SQUARE • ST. LOUIS 2, MISSOURI

June-July, 1964 .

FOR all Official

FFA t/cuf Cdit^frA ^aif . . MERCHANDISE

MANY state conventions have already been held, and others will take place between now and August. These are eventful occasions when outstanding Future Farmers receive awards for their year's work in leadership and farming. Perhaps you were one of them or know someone who did receive such recognition. How were they provided? The type of FFA awards program may vary SEE YOUR some from state to state, but much of the money is provided by the Future CHAPTER CATALOGUE Farmers of America Foundation, Inc. As you probably know, this is a group of more than 300 business and industrial concerns, organizations, and individuals who make contributions to the FFA Foundation. Each ORDER FROM year FFA members receive more than $150,000 in awards, and about 70,000 FFA members receive medals from the Foundation. These people FUTURE FARMERS have a sincere wish to help and encourage FFA members toward the goals of establishment in farming, development of rural leadership, and the practice of good citizenship. The funds contributed are administered by a SERVICE SUPPLY Board of Trustees composed entirely of men who are active in the voca- tional agriculture program. Alexandria, Va. 22306 But before the awards can be provided, funds must be raised. Each Owned and operated by the year the donors have a Sponsoring Committee that raises funds for the Foundation. Some of the top men in the business world have served as Future Farmers of America chairman of this committee.

The current chairman is Mr. Curry Stoup, president of the New Idea Equipment Company at Coldwater, Ohio. Mr. Stoup has assumed his responsibilities with enthusiasm and reported at the regional conferences Now . . . every farm shop can have LINCOLN welders! in agricultural education that contributions and pledges of contributions are coming in at an excellent rate with many new donors this year. This AMAZING LOW PRICES: is a vote of confidence in you and the FFA. Why is this money contributed? It is expressed quite well by Mr. J. 180-AMP Arc Welder Ward Keener, who served as chairman of the Sponsoring Committee in Only '95?5„„. 1963. His remarks appear in the proceedings of the 36th National FFA Convention but seem appropriate to share with you here. 225-AMP Welder Mr. Keener says: "Contributions from industry to Future Farmers of I Colorado , & West: America Foundation set an all-time record in 1963 with a total of $200,849 'lose?:Each$3morf collected in cash and pledges. This certainly is a positive indication of the These new low prices mean you don't have high regard businessmen have for farm youth and a demonstration of to be a big-time operator to put businessmen's eagerness to contribute to programs for farm youth. a Lincoln arc welder in your shop. "The four basic reasons we support your organization are: With either ot these machines, you why can save hundreds ot dollars in repair 1. We respect you because of your contribution to the strength and

bills, wasted trips to town ; build your welfare to our country. own attachments . . . wagons, equipment, too. Built like heavy-duty in- 2. We admire you because of your ambition and industry. dustrial machines, they'll handle the 3. We hold you in great esteem because you are living and demorvstrat- toughest repair job you'll ever have ing the most cherished and essential ingredients of our American . . . they weld, braze, hardsurtace, cut metal, thaw trozen pipes. Come with Heritage: self-reliance, individual initiative, perseverance, and love of everything you'll need to weld . . . freedom. even sample electrodes and a booklet, "Learning to W eld" 4. We want to help you because the world needs new scientific, educated farmers—farmers who can meet the needs and requirements of these SEND COUPON TODAY ~ fast moving, rapidly changing times." [ \A/ELDERS J about these donors THE LINCOLN ELECTRIC COMPANY You should become informed FFA Foundation Dept. 4834 • Cleveland. Ohio 44117 because they are interested in you. When you receive a medal or cash Please send me tree bulletins: award, never fail to find out who provided it and write an appropriate D 225-amp welder O 180-amp thank you letter. For your National Foundation medal or award, send Name your letter to the chairman of the Sponsoring Committee. This small Street & No.. courtesy is sometimes overlooked and means a great deal to those who are City supporting the FFA. : Largest Manufacturer ot Arc Welding Equipment and Electrodes (i/ilAjO/L QcUmslA., Editor

The National FUTURE FARMER Running in the red?

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Or in the black?

Texaco Farm Service can help reduce fuel costs almost 15%. Ask your Texaco Farm Service Distributor about it. He's got An efficient maintenance program, using top-quality petro- the facts. He can giveyou up-to-the-minute information on main- leum products from Texaco, can lielp reduce fuel costs almost taining, servicing, and lubricating every piece of equipment 15%. That's under average conditions. on your farm. He can show you how to use the right grease, Let's say you have a typical late-model tractor. Research oil, and fuel to best advantage. shows that, generally, it will burn about 5 gallons of gasoline And he's got the Texaco products to help per hour. The cost is about $1 an hour. you farm more efficiently and economi- But, with a good maintenance program, you can average a cally. To help you keep your farm machin- saving of Si. 50 for every 10-hour day you keep your tractor ery from running in the red. High-quality

working. In total working days for a single season, this can add petroleum products from > our Texaco Farm up to healthy savings for your farm. Service Distributor. Give him a call.

Here are a jew of the top-quality petroleum products for the farm from Texaco: 1. Marfak, the superior lubricant that stays on the job. 2. Havoline Motor Oil stops waste because it stops deposits best. 3. Texaco Multigear Lubricant EP. 4. Regal Oils for hydraulics. Own a REAL Motorcycle

FUTURE FARMERS

PROMOTE Future Farmers help guide grade school children through the live science lab. AGRICULTURE

UNTIL this fall, many metropolitan youngsters from the Portland, Ore- gon, and Vancouver, Washington, areas A Triumph is a man's motorcycle. had never seen a sheep sheared or a Big enough to take you wherever cow milked. To them, a beef animal you want to go, in any kind of coun- was no more than a hamburger and a try. Powerful enough to break world market hog only their breakfast bacon. records in racing. Only a Triumph But Future Farmers from Washington gives you this kind of performance. and Oregon and the 1963 Agriculture Acquaintance Program brought agricul- "Here's sheared," ture a lot closer to thousands of these how sheep are an Get more FUN urban students and teachers. FFA member tells group of children. Early in 1963, Dick Richards, manager of the Pacific International Live- stock Exposition in Portland, Oregon, pointed out different breeds and cuts and a long-time friend of the FFA, of meat, and the swine barn superin- together with the Exposition's board of tendent did his best to explain the trustees, conceived the idea of city stu- large ears on the Landrace gilts and dent tours at the 1963 Exposition. the turned-up nose on the Berkshires. The State Department of Education They moved on to the horse barn where was called into the project. Leonard breeds of nearly every horse, draft as Kunzman, supervisor of agriculture edu- well as Shetland pony, were housed. cation, saw the vast opportunities this Each day sheep were sheared as the program could provide, and a live agri- fascinated youngsters looked on. They cultural laboratory for science study were treated to a tremendous wool dis- on a was born. Portland area business firms, play arranged by the Pacific Wool farmers, bankers, school administrators, Growers showing wool from the time it

and livestock breeders offered physical is sheared until it is made into garments. and monetary resources. The Pacific The tour included the dairy barns and International Livestock Exposition made a milking demonstration. FFA guides TWWMP funds available for the personnel re- were continually bombarded with ques- quired. tions. "Why doesn't that cow have Versatile Triumphs go on or off the During the summer, a director for horns?" "You mean that's ^vhat ' ate road — in woods or cross-country. this program, DeLane Fry, past state for breakfast?" "Why are those chick- Doubles for work or for play. FFA president, was selected. The dates en's feathers ruffled?" "Is that where my for the tours were set for October 14 milk comes from?" a Triumph — Own through 18 and an illustrative brochure The informed Oregon and Washing- most admired motorcycle in the world. sent to every school in surrounding ton Future Farmers not only guided the See your Triumph motorcycle dealer counties in Oregon and to schools in groups but ably explained the impor- today. Liberal credit terms or Clark County, Washington. tance of agriculture. Final totals showed trade-in. The response by elementary school nearly 24,000 school children had gone teachers was overwhelming. Over through on tours. The enthusiastic man- For FREE full-color catalog showing 4,000 children were registered the first day. agement of the Exposition is thinking in complete Triumph line mail coupon below. Registration soared to over 20,000 in terms of 50.000 children next year. less than two weeks. Some schools sent Nearly 350 Future Farmers from 20 every child in each of their eight ele- Oregon and Washington chapters served mentary grades. The city of Vancouver as guides, and over 300 grade schools sent 500 children daily. Most classes took advantage of this educational op- came for the two-hour tour, but some portunity. This was just a small part stayed all day in order to fully enjoy of the program which is being used to the offering of this educational exhibit. inform the public that not only vo-ag The children made stops in the poul- and the FFA but all agriculture in try area where fancy as well as produc- Oregon has a real future in our nation's tion poultry was shown. Beef breeders economy.

The National FUTURE FARMER For the dependable power you must have,

install Perfect Circle Piston Rings

...THE BRAND MOST FARM EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS SPECIFY

Weather changes are noticeable, but not power loss — until it's too late. To maintain full power, install piston rings manufactured by Perfect Circle in every engine you overhaul. Most farm equipment manufacturers specify Perfect

Circle as original equipment and / or replacement rings. They are among manu-

facturers of 127 brands of vehicles and engines who do so. Each PC set is designed to assure maximum performance from your engine. And Perfect Circle pays special attention to selecting metals and manufacturing processes that will assure dependability and long life. Get extra power and profit, install replacement rings made by Perfect Circle in your tractor, truck and car engines.

PistonRmgs • EngineParts • ChassisParts CylinderLiners Precision Castings • Tui bine Blades and Wheels • Electronic Programing Equipment Speed Controls • Hager; U.S. Patent No. 2635022 PERFECT CIRCLE town, Ind. • Plants in U.SA., Argentina, Australia, Brazil Canada, France, Mexicc

June-July, 1964 .

PACKAGING FILM FROM CORN Laahing A.head A Nebraska firm will soon be making an edible, water- soluble packaging film from high amylose corn starch. The new corn-based packaging film will be not only transparent

POLYOLEFIN BALER TWINE but strong and flexible as well. It can be heat-sealed,

imprinted, and is grease-resistant. When boiled, it becomes Baler twine from a man-made fiber will soon be available edible along with its contents. Farmers in the Nebraska to farmers. The premium quality product, the result of a area will grow the high-amylose corn on a contract basis new method of producing artificial fibrous twine, is made for the American Maize-Products Company, who will pro- from a petroleum product available in gas and oil fields of duce the film at the rate of 825,000 pounds per year. Texas. Lightweight with a 125-pound tensile strength, the Polyolefin twine can be used in ordinary balers without special attachments. It will be produced in balls the same INSECTICIDE THAT CAN BE EATEN as convention sisal twine by a subsidiary of the Eastman- Entomologists at the University of Kentucky have success- Kodak Company. fully controlled cattle horn flies by putting an insectici(^e FIRE-RESISTANT PAINT in cattle salt blocks. The insecticide, called ronnel, was fed to cattle both through salt blocks and free choice as a Now USDA researchers have an outdoor paint that is control against face flies, heel flies, and horn flies. After not only durable but fire resistant as well! It looks like the 75-day test, researchers found horn flies to be completely ordinary paint and can be applied with a brush or roller. controlled, while the other pests were partially controlled. However, when it is exposed to flames, it develops a thin, The test cows did not hesitate in eating the insecticide. carbon-containing layer that acts as an insulating barrier against fire. The experimental paint contains oil from tung nuts, an important farm crop in the U. S. Gulf Coast region. "MILKOGRAF" CHARTS COW EFFICIENCY Work will continue until the product can be released. A portable "Milkograf" has been developed in Sweden to help dairymen pinpoint milking problems and their causes. GROW PLANTS IN PLASTIC The Milkograf is suspended from the vacuum line near Clemson scientists are growing young fruit and vegetable the cow to be milked and the milker pail hooked onto a seedlings in plastic without soil. Instead of soil, the tiny spring balance. The weight of the milk entering the pail

plants are set into pot-sliaped plastic foam looking like is transmitted to a recording pen and graph. The resulting black styrofoam. The foam is porous and can be sliced graph shows each cow's sensitivity to stimulation, rate of with a knife. Since the foam contains all the necessary milk flow, milk let-down time, stripping requirements, and plant nutrients, all the grower need do is add water. When reaction to disturbances. Its biggest advantage will be spot-

the plant is rooted, the entire pot and plant can be planted. ting all problems in milking, DeLaval officials report.

Take a tip from top raisers . . FEED THE

Holstein breeder N. Newcomb, Manford Stewart, Frankfort, Ind., Henry Kruger, owner of Cods Point Farm, Trappe, Md. leading Hampshire breeder Kruger's Poultry Farm, Dinuba, Calif. "Our calves and heifers "We produced 4,000 cer- "During a recent cold both benefit from the Milk- tified pigs last year, and snap, some of my neigh- Bank Boost. Kaff-A Milk Kraylets is a key part of bors had 50% drops in Replacer gives us health allourfeeding programs. production. My flock its average, ier, heavier calves, cuts The Milk-Bank Booster held 76% scouring. Kaff-A gives us bigger, healthier thanks to the Milk-Bank Booster Pellets litters, better feed effi- Boost of Pex Pellets. I help heifers ciency, less backfat. get 80% large eggs and grow faster, Keeps sows in good less culls, using Pex the breed sooner." condition." year around." a

Delavan, Minnesota I save each issue that I get, and already I wish to congratulate Earl DeWilde they are a great help in case I on his very fine letter in the April-May need to know something about agricul- tui'e in issue of your Magazine. I think it is the past months. I am also very timely and worthy of thought 0m^ AUM^ interested in what other Future Farm- from all of us. ers are doing across the nation. I would This year is my first in FFA, but as like to hear from them. Carrol a farm boy I have been aware of the his steer dresses out. This may open Pnyh increasing price squeeze the farmer has up a whole new field for Future Farm- Adrian, Georgia been caught in for some time. I think ers who do not have the money to pur- the farmers of the past few years de- chase a beef steer. I would like to take this opportunity serve a pat on the back for learning to Ruyrr Schli/trr to express my appreciation of the fine National FUTURE FARMER maga- farm more efficiently, but I think the USS Mount Baker deserve an zine. My fellow FFA members and I farmers of the future will I'm presently with the United States depend on this magazine for up-to-date even greater one if they can meet the Navy. I received The National FU- stories articles. learning to market effi- and challenge of TURE FARMER during four years of As a purebred hog breeder, I espe- ciently. vo-ag at Battle Ground, Washington, I sincerely hope we will see articles cially enjoyed the story of Johnny and receive it now during my tour of other publications soon Meehan, "Expert on Rations." in the in this and farm duty to Guam, Japan, Okinawa, the February-March issue. that will guide us in learning to sell Philippines, and Hong Kong. America's Number One crop—food! Ralph DiinaUhon After I finish reading the Lafe locyer issues, I put them in the ship's library wheie Merced, California Topcka, Kansas they are read by many. They have in- Though I do not often write to any 1 certainly appreciate receiving the informed me of the many advances and magazine, I felt I should write to tell formation concerning the promotion of changes in our American agriculture. you how I enjoyed the article on "Dairy the National FFA Calendar. We promote It reminds me and keeps me reminde

Holstein steers to the Los Banos fair, help in the tinu' I have l)een in the John W. Laccy

and I think I will write to tell vou how FFA. K,ir,-~iis E-xcciilivc Secri'tarv milKtBank boost Milk by-product feed boosters 63/CKRAFT

F. Miller, Mgr., Santa Rosa Stables, Minnesota Dairyman Archie Zarling W.W. Callan, owner of Callan Ranch, Texas, Waggoner Quarter Horse raises own Holstein herd replacements Waco, Tex., Santa Gertrudis breeder breeders "Kaff-A Milk Replacer gives "We give our showcase "Pace Pellets give our me big, thrifty, healthy herd the Milk-Bank colts what they need— calves. And the Milk-Bank Booster, Kaff-A Booster fast, healthy start. The Boost of Kaff-A Booster Pellets. It brings out Milk-Bank Boost of Pace Race^ Pellets produces heifers the best qualities of our Is part of our program for that can be bred ^ stock, helps them gain mares, studs and show at12to13months. faster, stay in top health

horses, and we think it It keeps my cows' and condition, and gives has a lot to do with keep- milk production them extra bloom and

ing thenn in top condition." high." ; ^> gloss."

KRAFT FOODS AGRICULTURAL DIVISION, 500 Peshtigo Court, Chicago 90, —

^carming [Vithout cfreediom By A noted farm editor who toured agriculture behind the Iron Curtain tells Paul Sanders how our systems differ and why we should keep American agriculture free. Editor, Southern Planter

IS farming like behind WHAT modern agriculture is made of. Farm ac- the "Iron Curtain"? What policy is decided in Moscow. Machin- counts for the acute shortage of ery, chemicals, and technical manpower food in the Soviet Union? Can the are diverted to national defense, propa- Communists compete in the struggle for ganda, and the crusade to convert the worldwide power with their present sys- world to Communism. Farming is the tem of socialized agriculture? forgotten facet of the Russian economy.

After a 15,000-mile trip that took me I went over their food distribution deep into the remote rural areas of system, studied their food stores, and Soviet Russia studying their livestock, watched Russian women buy groceries crop production methods, and political for their families. Russians spend 50 setup and visiting with farmers and their percent of their income for food, mostly

I convinced that lack of bread, potatoes, and Bologna sausage. families, am A fypical Russian farm family. Youfhs an adequate food supply is the "tin can" Americans spend only 1 9 percent of wear red kerchiefs, age early in life. tied to the Russian bear's tail. Foods are their take-home pay for the finest food low in quality and high in price. By our of the greatest variety and abundance food, fiber, tobacco, and wood products standards, the Russian diet is drab and mankind has ever known. in great abundance and variety for 190 starchy, woefully weak in meat, milk, Yet the Russians look fairly well million Americans. We share 5 billion and eggs. nourished. They are energetic and dollars' worth of farm products with less

There is little likelihood of improving healthy. Sanitary standards are low, fortunate peoples across the seas, includ- the situation because the farmer cannot refrigeration inadequate, and food pack- ing Communist-ridden countries. make management decisions. He cannot aging, as we know it in this country, To begin with. Russian farms are too obtain scientific know-how, machinery, does not exist. I didn't see a single paper big for efficient operation. Their "state" and agricultural chemicals—the stuff bag in all Russia! farms average 58.000 acres; the "collec- An industrial nation must be based on tive" farms, 14,000 acres each. Com- an efficient agriculture so that surplus pare this with the United States average farm workers can be released for work of 300 acres per farm, and you see one in shops, offices, and factories—to grind big difference between the democratic out the goods and services needed for a and the Soviet systems. Our people own strong economy and high standard of family farms and work hard and intel- living. The Russian farm plant is frus- ligently to make land and labor profit- trated, weak, and inadequate. able in order to enjoy a high standard The Russians still have 45 percent of of living. their labor force engaged in farming In Russia, the Government owns all about where the United States was at the land, and everyone works for the the turn of the century. Farm workers Government. The standard of living of are mostly old folks, illiterates, and un- all Russians is as alike as "peas in a skilled labor. Farm work is done largely pod." There is no incentive to achieve. by hand with horses and oxen as major Result: low production. sources of Author Paul Sanders, cenfer, si+s with power. Contrast this with the On Russian "collective" farms, the United States where 7 percent of our workers draw a very low share Russian farm workers on a Ukraine farm. wage but labor force works on farms producing (Continued on Page 14)

In this Russian dairy barn 1,200 Red Steppe cows are milked These Russian farm women handle a large dairy herd, do- twice a day with electric milkers. Note dry lot feeding. ing the milking, manure hauling, and artificial breeding.

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Ihe Nalioiiul MIL RE FARMER How to keep the business end of your tractor in business

of BFG nylon Power-Grip tires

And they cost less than most tires made without nylon. placement tractor tire we've ever made. On hard ground When a tractor tire breaks down you're out of business the cleats stay rigid to bite in and give you top traction. until it's repaired. That's why it pays to use dependable The full power of your tractor goes to drawbar pull. B.F.Goodrich Nylon Power-Grip tires. They're made with Work goes faster. You can get more done in a day. nylon that's pound for pound stronger than steel. It's To keep up with other new farm tire developments, the same tough cord material that goes into giant BFG stop in at your BFG Farm Tire Service Center and talk off-the-road tires that take a constant beating carrying shop with our tire men. They'll give you tips on how tons of heavy equipment over the roughest ground. And to get longer life and more efficient service from tires. not only is nylon extra strong, but it's They'll also show you two other new immune to damage from soil moisture B.F.Goodrich tires: the new Multi- and tire ballast. To beef up the tread Ring front tractor tire, and the new Rib on this extra strong tire body, we've REGoodrich Implement tire. Stop in and see them built Power-Grip cleats 29% wider and soon. The B.F.Goodrich Company, 9% higher at the shoulder than any re- NYLON FARM TIRES Akron, Ohio 44318. C/arniing Vi/itnout CJreeaoin

(Continued from Page 12) in returns from production over and above a quota set by the Communist Party. The surplus is sold to the state and the proceeds divided among the workers. This type of operation is on the decline because the quota is being constantly inched up with little "surplus" to divide. On "state" farms, wages are higher, and there is no participation in the proceeds. Everybody trades at the state stores. It is the old feudal system without compassion. ' Farming methods in Russia are a paradox, a study in contrasts. On the same farm one sees practices used since the days of the Pharaohs and others as

modern as tomorrow. I saw tractors pulling four-row cultivators alongside 129 women with short-handled hoes weeding hybrid corn; oxen supplying farm power in the shadow of a dozen huge combines being readied for the grain harvest: women gleaning fields, as did Ruth in Biblical times, and others in a nearby modern milking parlor milking a thousand cows with electric milking machines. This strange mixture of the old and the new is Russia's agriculture today. The clash between the old and the new impressed me as an attempt by the Soviets to move from a peasant type of subsistence farming into modern agriculture. But lack of agricultural research and education: shortage of ferti- lizers, farm chemicals and rubber-tired equipment: and the dearth of skilled workers on the farm have bogged the program down.

Until the Russian farmer is permitted Like Jess E. Goodspeed, horse owners everywhere are finding that it to own his land, make his own manage- takes only 3 minutes to mix a fully-balanced horse feed. All you need ment decisions, and profit according to is 1 part Albers Spur and 7 parts local grain. There's no mess. No fuss. his effort and intelligence, food shortages Spur is the 25% protein concentrate that does the job... keeps mares will continue to plague Communism and and stallions in better breeding shape... builds extra bloom and spirit stymie Soviet industrial growth. in show stock... puts pep and stamina in all horses. Three things are holding Russia together: Work—everybody works in order to eat: Fear of atomic bomb attack, 64-PAGE HORSE BOOK YOURS FOR famine, or someone "squealing" on 25 CENTS or free with one Quality Control Circle from Albers Spur bag them: Promise of more food, consumer (or ttie Feed Tag from Round-up or goods, free housing, medicines, and no Troptiy-sold in the West). taxes in the future. WRITE: ALBERS MILLING COMPANY 800 West 47th Street I saw no evidence of social unrest Kansas City 12, Missouri among the Russian people, no signs of dissatisfaction with their system. On the contrary, everyone appeared dedicated to socialism and proud of his achievements. Unquestionably, the average Russian today enjoys a better standard

of living than ever before and is work-

ing hard to improve it.

What makes Russia tick is a mystery to the West. Winston Churchill once @*nation-^lbers said Russia is a "riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma." I agree. Aren't you glad you are part of Ameri- -BRINGS OUT THE BEST IN HORSES can agriculture?

The National FUTURE FARMER Good conservationists must also be good fence builders

Is professional soil conservation work in your important economies to the modern farming enter- future? If it is, your many talents must include prise. good fence building. Contour fences! Land use GOOD CONSERVATION also points the way to boundary fences! Property line fences! Even tem- a permanent and profitable system of farming. porary fences for rotational grazing! AU these are This calls for good fences— built with Red Brand® tools of a good conservationist's trade. And when Fence and Red Top ^ Steel Posts. The reason: Only they are properly located and well built, they bring Red Brand is Galvannealed » to fight off rust, so it costs less in the long run. And Red Top Posts now have reflective tops with a smart modern look. Yes, good Red Brand fences fit the tool kit of every good conservationist.

RED BRAND KEYSTONE STEEL & WIRE COMPANY, PEOBIA, ILL. 61607, U.S.A.

Red Brand Woven Wire D Red Brand Barbed Wire D Red Top'^' Steel Posts D Keystone Feedlot Fence n Keyline® Netting D Keystone Horse Fence Q Baler Wire D Nails D Gates D Non-Climbable Fence -•

THESE booklets are free! You can get a sini^le copy of any or all of them by mailing the coupon below. Just circle the booklets you want and send us your complete address. 46—Beef Feeding Systems Manual— A 32-page manual on planning and installing modern systems for feeding beef. Complete plans for feedlots to handle '^i^- from 50 to 600 head are included, in T. New Hi-Density "10" baler bales hay with twice the density, half the shrinkage of conventional bales. Store more hay In sanne space; PTO or 36-hp engine. (John Deere] addition to information on drainage* manure handling, feeding, and watering tips. (Clay Equipment Corp.)

47—Our Land and Its Care—A wealth of information, photographs, and charts on our soil. Dedicated to farmers, this 74-page book tells the complete story of soil and its management, from classi- fication to fertilization to ways of fig- uring your profit per acre. A ready reference for Future Farmers. (National Plant Food Institute)

48—A Consumer's Guide to USDA Services—Here is the first booklet ever to summarize all consumer services offered by the U. S. Department of Agri- culture. Learn how to order USDA

U. "Curvet Silo" is oxygen-free horizontal silo building. bulletins, where to get pest control in- Unloaded by remote-control cutter arm in center. Fea- " " formation, to use \; tl i i i ci tl l and how consumer ', V- Jet Star ,„„ „ , ,_ ., , Inree-plow Three has tures to ,. , 600 , 1,200 tons. Stores many varieties. Beh en .„ , , ,.-. .. credit. Its 50 pages brief you on 10 ' ^ ' 10 speeds forward. ( Minn.-Moline) important USDA services available. (U. S. Department of Agriculture)

49—Automatic Livestock Watering— Jack Sampler, a noted farm editor, writes this 24-page booklet on planning your farm water system. He tells how

to make hogs gain .1 1 pounds more per day, how to insure a year-round water supply, and how much water your livestock needs each day. Includes charts

on water consumption. ( Ritchie Mfg. Company) 50—The Way Cows WiU Be Milked To- jry-powered 'Bazooka" truck un- morrow—Changing your milking set- loader has '/j hp motor operating off truck X. Tractor shampoo cleans all fa machinery, up? These 36 pages show you the most battery. Telescopes six to 10 feet, augers Apply with pressure gun and ca at a '/4-inch modern milking installations available four bushels per minute. (Wyatt Mfg. Co.) flow. Guns available at dealer. (J. I. Case) to help you plan the latest loafing barns, calf pens, feeding areas, and milking parlors. Completely illustrated. Will Free detailed Information is available on the be above products. Send coi pon to National sent after June 15. (Babson Brothers) Future Farmer. Alexandria Virginia 22306.

46 47 48 49 50

Please .send information on products Send to: circled below. The National Future Farmer T U V W X Y A lexandria, Virginia, 22306 Name Name Route Box No Route Box No City City

!_(2PTI1»CT0» RADIO 1 State Code State Code Y. All-transistor tractor radio has dust- Offer expires June 30, 1964 not s;ood after Sept. I, proof speaker, earphone jack, cover. Offer 1964 Easily mounted. (AIR Electronics)

16 The National FUTURE FARMER .

Every International pickup. ..has the fuse panel where you can find it.

We put it in the glove compartment . . components of all 141 of our light-duty their jobs— by building a specific model

where you can see it . . . and read the models to make them last longer. for every job. And by offering conven- labels for every fuse. Another bright When trucks are all you put on the ient finance terms. and unique INTERNATIONAL idea. road you find ways to make things eas- All this makes an INTERNATIONAL Like seats that are 5 inches wider ier for owners. And when you find them like no other truck. and 3 inches higher to support your you put them into your trucks right From the people who build the small- legs better and keep you fresher while away. (Instead of saving them for a big est truck, the largest truck and every you're working. model year splash.) size truck in between: International

And like the special steels that And you make it easy for owners to Harvester Company, 180 N. Michigan

strengthen the major engine parts and get the model that's exactly right for Avenue, Chicago 1, Illinois.

INTERNATIONAL TRUCKS lOl. "Build a truck lo do a job — change it only to do it better"

June-July. 1964 Lee RiDers®

Cowboy Pants & Jackets

the brand working ranch men wear

Made from extra-heavy, over 1334 ounce Lee Lennie Gamage receives denim for hard, rugged his award from '~^-<., wear. Authentic western Bob Minard as Charles Ocker, at right, design gives you hip- and stewardess, Barbara Root, look on. hugging snugness; com-

' fort in or out of the saddle. Buy your exact 100,000 Miles size. They're Sanforized —shrunk to fit right always. For FFA Guaranteed to be the best fitting, longest wearing pants you RECOGNITION of nearly a quar- have ever worn. IN ter million miles of air travel for look for the branded The National FUTURE FARMER. Staff Members Lennie Gamage and Charles Ocker have received air travel's "100.000-Mile Club" award, sponsored by United Airlines. Both men now join a select group THE H. D. LEE COMPANY • KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI of several thousand businessmen and air travelers who have earned the special courtesies afforded them by club mem- bership. "By the frequent use of air travel, they have contributed to the U. S. air travel industry." United's representative, Russell Scarce, explained. The award was made recently in an informal ceremony at Washington Na- tional Airport by United Airlines' sales representative. Bob Minard. In addition to attractive wall plaques, Gamage and Ocker received luggage tags plus lapel pins denoting them as members of the exclusive travelers' club. Ocker, former national FFA student secretary in 1951-52, joined the Maga- zine staff in October. 1956. Also a former national FFA officer in 1955-56, Gamage came with the staff four years later in 1960. Both are regional advertising managers whose responsibilities take them to areas in 20 states from Washington, D. C. to the Dakotas and south to Oklahoma. And baling away without a hitch keeping the air-cleaner clean. Between them, they make over 1,000 calls each year to agencies and agri- is a rugged 37-hp Wisconsin V-4 — as Insist on rugged air-cooled Wis- cultural firms, many of them donors to exposed and seemingly unprotected consins for your balers, swathers, and the FFA Foundation. Spending up- as a new-born babe. Seriously, this is other farm equipment. Send for wards of half their employed time trav- no environment for any engine — Engine Bulletin S-305. Write to eling, both men also attend state FFA BUT can you imagine a water-cooled Dept. F-154. conventions, company press showings, engine with its vulnerable radiator and agricultural expositions representing doing as well under these conditions? >A/ISCONSIN the National FFA and the Magazine. The 100,000 miles of air travel, equal As in normal applications, routine MOTOR CORPORATION MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN 53246 to over four trips around the world, care for the VG4D consists of adding gives evidence of the FFA's widespread World's Largest Builder of Heavy-Duty fuel, maintaining the oil level and Air-Cooled Engines — 3 to 60.5 ftp. program.

The National FUTURE FARMER .

When the goings tough and the hours long . . youMi finish fresher with The /lutomated Ones.

These are the job lighteners. The hour shorteners. Because more— like Power Steering, Variable Drive PTO — is avail- these tractors are The Automated Ones! They do more of able on all The Automated Ones to bring you home fresher your work for you. No stops to clutch and shift down when at day's end! And for comfort, you get the cushioned, the going gets tough. Right on-the-go, just flip the Multi- shock-absorbing Float-O-Matic Seat on the MF 50, 65 and

Power switch into LOW . . . and away you go. The Ferguson Super 90. All come with fuel-saving diesel power plants. Or System gives you precise, finger-tip control of implements with economical gas engines. See The Automated Ones: the

. . . and transfers weight automatically to the rear wheels 3-plow MF 35 or 50, 4-plow MF 65, or the big 5-plow when extra traction is needed. In slick Super 90. And save when you buy on going, Differential Lock provides posi- MASSEY- FERGUSON 'O^ the low-cost MF Time Payment Plan, five drive to both wheels. All this and worid'siargest manufacturer of tractors and combines, Massey-Ferguson Inc., Detroit 32, Mich.

4-plow Massey-Ferguson 65 Dieselmatic Shift on-the-go at the flip of a switch Big 5-plow MF Super 90 Dieselmatic Woodruff's Magic Triangle

By Rotarians I'dtil W eller

FOR MORE th;in 20 years, a magic triangle of boys. Farmers alike are expecting even greater achievements for Berkshires. and Rotarians has sparked the northwest 1 964.

community of Woodrulf. South Carolina. It's all part Woodruff hogs took grand champion honors at Spartan- of the annual Woodruff Rotary-sponsored FFA swine show burg's Blue Ridge Fat Stock Show three out of the past four that has helped Future Farmers build one of the top chap- years. The grand champion barrow at the state fair in ter swine programs in all of the Palmetto State. Columbia was a Woodruff FFA hog. and members can During the 1963 show circuit in breeding and market even claim the grand champion boar at the Eastern Na- shows alone. Woodruff FutLire Farmers won more than tional Berkshire Show some years back. It all stems from $1,200 in prize money and e.xpense-paid trips to the Na- the "magic triangle" developed tkiring the clu'K vears of ~ tional FFA Convention. In fact, their unique swine pro- World War II.

.S gram has sent I members on expense-paid trips to Kansas Amiable Frank Barton, advisor then at Woodrulf. took City in the past five years. And Rotarians and Future an idea to the local Rotary Club in town. Whv- not have

The proof of the success of Woodruff's FFA swine p rogram is written across this board in awards and ribbons. Proud Woodruff Chapter members display the combined winnings outside the vo-ag classroom.

The National FUTURK FARMER /

The 1962 grand champion open class sow, South Carolina Another Woodruff hog was named champion barrow at State Fair, was a Woodruff hog shown by Russell Easier. 1963 Blue Ridge Fat Stock Show, Spartanburg, S. Carolina.

26 Rotarians purchase and sponsor 26 registered gilts for the chapter. This stock is selected by swine specialists from his Future Farmers? To make it a continuing proposition. the best of each member's stock, then sold through the his members would give two gilts in return, one for the gilt chapter to breeders throughout the area. As long as a received and the other to pay for the breeding fee. The Future Farmer is active at Woodruff, he can participate in breeding boars would be maintained by the Woodruff FFA the chapter herd program. Active participants both buy Chapter with some assistance from the Rotary Club. and sell Berkshires through the chapter plan, using their The idea caught on and was put into effect in 1942. experience to establish their own swine herds. Rotary members took such a keen interest in their sponsored Woodruff's swine program can count other benefits be- animals that when show time rolled around, they were on sides experience and market outlets, too— its enthusiasm hand to root both their hog and Future Farmer to \ictory. and cooperation among members. Perhaps there is no bet-

It uasn't long before both Rotarians and FFA members ter example than that of Future Farmer William Phillips. were planning for more and better stock. Just three weeks before last fall's annual show, the Phillips Three years later, a local feed mill purchased the grand family lost their home and possessions in a disastrous fire. champion Berkshire boar at Van Wert. Ohio, for SI. 035, Luckily, a purebred Berkshire sow Bill was grooming went donating the blue-ribbon winner to the Rotary-FFA swine unharmed. But downhearted, the Future Farmer felt it program. Use of the champion boar brought acclaim to necessary to approach Woodruff Advisor Arthur Schlock. Woodruff from breeders over the Southeast. Other chap- 'Tm afraid I'm going to have to sell mv sow." the FFA'er ters and hog fanciers soon came to the FFA for breeding told Schlock. stock, spreading the word that here were some of the top Then Jimmy Carlton, a fellow Future Farmer and com- Berkshires in the entire area. In 1946. thanks to Woodruff petitor in the show, olTercd to care for his friend's 400- FFA and their Rotarian friends, the South Carolina Berk- pound animal the three weeks until the show. shire Association was formed along with a schedule of On the day of the show. Bill Phillips' sow was judged Berkshire shows and sales. grand champion in the Rotar\'-sponsored event. Jimmy

Today, more than half of the 1 28 vo-ag students at Wood- Carlton, whose hog placed second, knew he was probably ruff have swine as part of their supervised farming pro- helping defeat his own animal b> caring for the Phillips grams. Some raise breeding stock, while others have mar- animal, but he was first in line to congratulate the winner. ket hogs. Some have both. You can count 65 breeding "A good Future Farmer." Ad\isor Schlock remarked. animals and 45 market hogs among members at present. A decade of experience has taught Woodruff Rotarians

The program is operated on a chapter herd basis, includ- that their swine program's "magic triangle" has brought out ing cooperative marketing of the breeding stock through the winning qualities in both bo\s and Berkshires.

Bill Gregory, president of the Woodruff Rotary Club, pre- Thanks to Jimmy Carlton, this sow of Bill Phillips, left, won sents 1963 awards to Woodruff Rotary Hog Show winners. first place in the 1963 Rotary-sponsored FFA hog show.

June-July, 1964 44"I~fc UY NOW, pay later"' is a famil- ments are received, usually lowering the owner and must pay taxes, insurance, iar phrase among Americans total tax. and maintenance costs just the same as B in buying consumer goods. For example, assume that a husband if he title had the to the farm. In peri- This installment buying principle can and wife both over 65 years of age sell ods of low income, the costs added to be applied to the purchase of farmland, you their farm for $35,000. The farm high principal and interest costs could cost livestock, and machinery, whereby you them $10,000 and improvements become a burden on the buyer. It can enjoy the advantage of immediate minus depreciation on buildings added would be sound business for a buyer to ownership while making payment over another $5,000 to costs. The capital set some money in reserve to cover these a period of time. gain would then be $20,000. They have adverse periods. The usual methods of transferring an opportunity to sell the farm on a The purchase land contract should be farmland have been cash sales, mort- purchase contract with 10 percent down, in writing and drawn up by a competent or $3,500. and gages, inheritance, and marriage. .A fifth the balance spread over attorney. The items that should definite- 15 annual payments of plus method, little used over the past, is the $2,100 5 ly be included in such a contract could percent installment land contract, also referred interest. include the following: It they to as a purchase contract, installment had no other source of taxable a. The purchase price. contract, contract for deed, and sales income except their capital gain and b. Amount of the initial down pay- contract. interest, with their double exemption of ment. S 1,200 each, they would have paid no c. Rate of interest. An installment land contract is simply tax on the capital gain from the farm a written agreement, whereby the seller d. Type of repayment plan—ordinar- sale. However, if the they had sold farm il\- it would be well to use standard retains legal title to the farm, selling it tables in determining the on an installment basis to a bu\er who yearly payment takes immediate possession of the farm. on interest and principal. This will result in a set yearly payment over The title is not transferred to the biner the period of the contract. until an agreed amount is paid on the e. Length of the purchase price. This amount may be grace period within I BUY I which any default can be made good. 40 percent of the purchase price, or it f. Time at which may be the entire purchase price. possession is to be given to the Why are installment land contracts buyer. becoming more popular among farm g. Total time period covered by the

I Your Farm I contract. owners in transferring their land? First, h. Pre-pa.\ nient privilege the nioncN' necessarv to get started in by the buyer if one is agreed upon. This pro\ ides farming is not readih' a\ailable to voung an on the opportunity for farmers. With most mortgage financing, the buyer to make a few advance the young farmer must have 40 to 50 payments to guard against de- faults in pa>'ments. percent of the purchase price in cash.

i Conditions under For a S40.000 farm this would require which the buyer Installment m<\\ obtain title to the farm. For ex- SI 6,000 to SZO.OOO. Not many young ample, the seller farmers have this much cash in addition may agree to transfer title after to owning their livestock and equipment. 50 percent of the principal Llndcr manv laml contracts, the down has been paid by the buyer.

j. Provision for proper care of the payment is less than 20 percent, and Plan perhaps zero depending on the relation- farm buildings and proper land use to seller ship of buyer and seller. protect the during the early years of the contract. Most farm renters have difficult) in By Fred llituhes k. It is wise to specify whether the settinn a lon<;-term lease. .\ year-to- ! buyer receives compensation for major year lease does not provide a >oiing j improvements if he cannot finish his farmer with the incentive to improve or with o\cr a .i() percent down payment, pa>mcnts. exoand his operation. He prefers to buy ihc lax would have been approximatelv 1. .Specify that taxes, insurance, and his own farm to provide more security SI, 400 on the gain if they had no other maintenance are the responsibility of in his occupation. The down pa\nient of income except the interest payment. the buyer. v 'and contract, which is usually low, The fact that the seller still holds title The buyer should be sure the farm wi'l nerniit him to purchase a farm to the farm pro\'ides securit\ in case of is clear of all liens so that he will re- sooner than on a mortgage. default of payment by the bu\er. In cci\e a clear title when it is transferred The increased burden of income, land contracts, provision is made for to him. Likewise, the seller should canital gains, and inheritance taxes has seller to automatically reclaim his farm check on the buyer's credit rating, his also greatly increased interest in land in case of default in payments. ability as a farmer, and his standing in contracts. Large tax gains can often be In addition to the advantages listed the community. realized on the sale of a farm by a land for the purchase land contract, there are Most of the things mentioned above contract. If a farm is sold for more than possible dangers to consider. In any will be taken care of by a competent its original cost, plus improvements and purchase involving fixed installments attorney. Use him as you would your less depreciation, a gain subject to in- over long periods, there is always the famih' doctor. come tax is the result. Under federal possibility that economic conditions will If all precautions are taken when sell- tax laws, if more than .^0 percent of the become less favorable. This is a par- ing a farm on a purchase land contract, purchase price is received in the year of ticular disadvantage to the bu\er be- there is no reason why it will not he the sale, the total gain is considered as cause he may find it difficult to make successful. It can provide the young income in that year and the tax will be his payments. In \iew of the default farmer the chance to get started in due in a lump sum. If less than 30 per- clause he may lose his farm, since he farming and perpetuate our family farm cent of the sale price is received in the usually has not more than 30 to 60 days heritage, year of sale, the gain can he spread o\ er to make good on defaulted payments. the vears in which the installment pay- The buyer is considered the farm

The National FUTTRE F.4RMER ..A PJfOG^iSS HePOKT

From field to hite-sized wafers—hay can now he made without heiiig touched l)v human hands.

SUMMER, 1961. an odd-appear- machines on the market with price tags INing machine made its way down a from 58,000 up to nearly S20,000. The hay field on Maryland's historic greatest advantage of wafering is the "Cheston-on-Wye" farm. From a con- saving of labor. Conventional hay bal- veyor in the rear, wafers looking like ing may take as many as six handlings, junior's breakfast cereal were spilling each requiring human labor. Wafering into a wagon. Field wafering of hay can eliminate hand labor entirely. It can had come into farm use. and with it a reduce man hours by 25 to 40 percent possible revolution in haying in Ameri- per ton harvested and tractor hours by can agriculture. nearly the same amount. Field hay wafering has made possible Pulled by a three-plow tractor, the mechanical handling of hay from seed- wafering machine picks up windrowed A 500-rpm centrifugal force pufs hay ing to feeding. Wafered hay can be cut, hay dried to between 14 and 18 percent, through dies, above, on this wafering conditioned, cured, packaged, loaded, cuts it, rolls it, then forces it under machine. Wafers break off into palm- stored, and fed without being touched by extreme pressure through a set of dies. sized units, as shown in photo below. human hands. Measuring approximate- Cubed wafers arc broken off from the ly two by two inches in cubed form, the continuous stream coming from the dies hay wafers are bite-sized, compressed and taken by conveyor to a wagon be- packages of hay hard enough to be hind the machine. Average rate of loaded, hauled, and stored without los- wafering is about six tons per hour, the ing shape, yet soft enough to be eaten wafers requiring only about half the by livestock. Into this wafer goes all volume of baled hay. The wafers can the hay. from stems to leaves with then be conveyed on elevators much the virtually no waste. same as shelled corn. What have been farmers' reactions to How do costs compare to baling hay? wafered hay? One Maryland dairyman Studies show that wafering is more cost- increased his butterfat content from 3.8 ly than baling because of higher first to 4. 1 by feeding wafered hay. When he costs, greater power requirements, and a switched back to bales, the butterfat lower hourh' capacity. The difference content dropped back. too. An Arizona must be made up in reduced labor and rancher placed 66 head of feeder calves added convenience. Baling 3,000 tons on wafers for 61 days. Each steer of hay a year, and using a $10,000 gained 2.43 pounds per day with a \\aferer. it would cost you an average fantastic feed conversion of 8.3 pounds of SI. 25 per ton more to wafer hay. and conxenience to help pay the dif- of wafers per pound of gain. In south- With only 1.000 tons a year production, ference. ern California, a dair\man placed 30 you'd pay S2.06 more per ton to wafer If you plan to handle lots of hay. then head of dairy cattle on hay w afcrs. They your hav. Even though consumers pay wafering might be \our revolution. But increased production 400 pounds per up to a S5.00 premium per ton for take a careful study before making the day over cows not fed wafers. wafered hay, you'd have to figure on step. There are several field hay wafering increased production, reduced waste,

June-July, 1964 23 .

In townships covering tliree counties, Future Farm- ers worked to protect area farms against the

destruction of fire. Their reward was a grateful community and the FFA Foundation's safety award.

FUTURE FROM Asherville to Scottsxille to all its furnishings were destro>ed in Simpson, the farmers of north- Asherville. Fire was bringing an esti- central Kansas can breathe a bit mated $30,000 loss annually to rural easier now. Parked in local fire hoLises residents around Simpson, claiming even FARMERS are the means to control the fires that the scale house of the nearby Asherville for years have raged unchecked through Grain Company in a spectacular lire. their homes and outbuildings. The\' But when the alarm went out in Feb- have a well-equipped rural fire district, ruary, 1963, that School Board Director TURN and they can give credit to 17 Future Bob Vernon's barn was burning along Farmers and their Simpson Chapter ad- with his new tractor, Simpson Future

visor. Bob Severance. Farmers decided it was time to act. The cry of "Fire!" had brought a They would push aside the traditional FIREMEN panicky and helpless feeling to farmers small-town rivalry of Simpson and Ash- such as George Bell, whose barn burned erville. knowing now that only through with all his ha\' crop: to Rex Borgcn. imified cooperation would the\' be suc- whose barn and cattle shed went up in cessful in ridding their farms of the By Paul n eller smoke; or to Jack Jav. whose home and menace of fire. There could he no in- between—either they join to control fires, divided burn. The Simpson Chapter, all 17 members, proudly pose In front of their district's or they stay and The handful of Future Farmers w ould new fire trucks. Advisor Bob Severance Is at right, outfitter Otto Triop, left. lie the force behind the community's dream of a well-equipped fire protection district, they decided. Immediateh they went into action, meeting with the head of a neighboring rural fire district to get details. Within two weeks, they scheduled the first organizational meeting at Asherville. The community needed details of such a plan, so the county attorne>' was asked to explain legal aspects, the county clerk was invited to discuss a possible tax levy, and Bob Chestnut agreed to speak on his neighboring fire district. But farmers were ]ear\ of such a \en- ture. and onh four showed up at Asher- \ille that February night. Undaunted. Simpson FF.A members called a second meeting two nights later in Simpson with the same program. This time the idea caught fire, and over 30 farmers filled the room. Before the program was completed, a 10-man committee had been formed to meet still another night to get the ball rolling. Fred Hirsch. Charles Melton, and Mar\in Prochaska were appointed to act as the oflicial board. Two of the three had Future Farmers in their families. The following Monday evening, the group met to draw up boundaries of the fire district, attempting to keep them within 10 miles of the planned-for fire trucks. At the same time. Future Farm-

A new concrete block fire house with a metal roof houses the new truck at the community of Asherville. "Community

Progress Through Unity" Is FFA's story.

The National FL'TLRE F.4RMER ers were publicizing the fire district idea. By Lorraine Hoelzer They were attending civic clubs, local 4-H meetings, and sending releases to area newspapers. They were explaining their plans to all who would listen. Next step was a detailed brochure PERHAPS THE most unusual sent to the 217 rural families within the sounds ever heard over an inter-

1 35-square-mile area planned as the com system come over the one in Leslie rural fire district. For the first time, Barker's bedroom. farmers could study the plans, taxes Leslie, a 19-year-old Future Farmer they could expect, and equipment from Sulphur, Louisiana, has been an needed— all in the quiet of their homes. FFA member for the past three years. They could learn that their 17 FiULirc His program of raising registered Farmer neighbors were promoting a Yorkshire hogs, with frequent visits plan to protect rural property assessed and advice from his advisor, James at over 4 million dollars. Borque, is proving to be a most prof- County Attorney Thomas Conroy in- itable enterprise. formed Simpson Future Farmers thai Recently. Leslie installed an inter- they must circulate a petition to all legal com system from his bedroom to the landowners in the proposed district. At farrowing house to save steps and time. Since then, the intercom has least 5 1 percent of the farmers would need to sign the petition to put the become a very convenient item to have FFA's fire district into effect. Future oil the farm where this long, lanky, Farmers went into a "crash program" black-haired youth has to spend iiiiich take the petition to each farmer. They to Leslie listens to some fatherly advice even went through the farm deeds of over intercom tor a pig's skinned ear. the entire district to get exact signatLires necessary to make the petition Icgalh correct. In only two days, FFA members collected 83.4 percent of the farm- Farrowing House ers involved. Their plan had been ap- proved and the petition completed— all within 90 days of Farmer Vernon's barn Communications fire in February. "Joint Rural Fire District No. 1" was established on April 24. 1963. and in- of his time in the farrowing house cluded parts of Mitchell. Cloud, and The Tower intercom system with with up to 40 to 50 pigs. its two-station Ottawa Counties. Kansas. In fact, it set has a 500-foot range. Because inckided 176 square miles and three of the distance between the It was purchased from a local depart- hoLise and the farrowing stalls, towns. On a total tax-raised budget of many ment store for S23.00. and Leslie and steps were necessary to the phone or $20,000. the fire board went ahead with his father installed it. to the house. the set, plans for fire trucks, fire halls, and Now master Several times in the past. Leslie has has training for the local volunteers. which a push-to-talk switch, is lo- found it necessar\ to call the veteri- cated in Leslie's bedroom over his narian. All he Two new 2'/2-ton trucks, equipped needs to do is ask his desk, with a remote set in the farrow- mother over with 650-gallon tanks, pumps, ladders, the intercom to call the ing house. With this setup, it is a doctor for him. If and hose, were ordered, and three sur- the doctor is un- simple matter to call or talk with Les- able to come when called, plus forestry fire trucks destined for the he gives lie while he is working outside. medical instructions district were planned. Volunteer labor to Leslie's mother and she repeats them helped build fire halls for the trucks, to Leslie over the intercom. and a call to the state fire prevention The intercom over his desk keeps Les- This prevents the ne- cessity of Leslie's staff brought a staff member to Beloit lie informed while working on records. having to leave the farrowing to train the willing volunteers. The house. three departments making up the dis- The Future Farmer has nine brood sows, keeping him busy at farrowing trict organized a chief and 1 2 firemen, time. with the men living closest to the fire With the new intercom installed in his halls making up the nucleus of each bedroom permitting him to hear crew. Future Farmers made the rounds every sound in the farrowing house at all hours the again, this time recording each farmer's of night. Leslie can keep water supply, roads, and buildings on a close check. At night while he is studying, he can index cards for instant reference in case check on the pigs by flipping a switch. of fire. Near the back door. Leslie has an From Scottsville south to Eureka electric horn similar to the type used Township, farmers are now reassured on warning s\'stems. It serves as a each time they pass the buildings with call when he is working in the field. "fire station" lettered on them. Inside Leslie and his parents agree that an is fire protection equipment on the intercom system may be an unusual ready, outside is a sign "Communit> device for a hog farm, but it is a step Progress Through Unity," and on farms saver. It means more time for chores in the district are Simpson Future Farm- and less spent in running to and from ers who made it possible. the farrowing house. June-July, 1964 you met an accidental death. Guaran-

teed insurability is a relatively new life The insurance extra. When added to your

new policy, it simply guarantees you the right to purchase up to six or seven times the face amount of your policy at a befjiiiiiiiig farmer, As specified future dates, even though you vou M ill find insurance mav' have lost vour good health and to be one of your most would otherwise be uninsurable. important investments. Referring to family protection as well Here's your guide to as retirement income, don't forget about a safer future. vour social security benefits. You will pay for them each year when you file your income tax return at the current

rate of 5.4 percent of all your income sof up to S4,800. If you continue to pay on this maximum amount, vou and vour

v\ife would receive a S 1 90 monthly in- FARM come at age 65. Should you die before WOULD be reckless today for a that time, your familv could receive up IT \oung man to raise a family, buy to S254 a month until the children a farm, drive his car. build a new INSURANCE reach age 18. At age 65, your widow barn, or just plain live without insur- would again start receiving a monthly ance. In many states \ou can't even By income. drive a car unless you ha\e at least 'V'ou'll need farm liabilitv insurance bv (Jtdrles Ocker automobile liability insurance. When all means. It protects you against legal you buy a farm, chances are the lender liability for death or injury of someone will make sure that you plan to insure If you decide to bu\ this type of insur- on your farm, as well as pays for dam- the buildings adequately with fire and ance, it's a good idea to buy a policy age one of vour animals might do to a windstorm insurance before allowing that can be converted to a permanent neighbor's propertv . If someone help- sou to close the sale. Insurance has plan sometime in the future when \ our ing vou pick corn loses his arm in the become so much a part of our hves that income will he greater. picker, even through his own careless- every \oung farmer needs to know how Ordinary life is the most popular t\'pe ness, he can sue vou for thousands of insurance can help him guard against of permanent insurance. Unlike term, dollars. If a visitor to your farm falls financial loss. it has cash \alue in addition to giving and breaks his leg, you can be sued for As the future head of a farm family, your famih' a specified sum of money his injuries and loss of work. xou'll want to look into your needs for in the event of your death. With an Manv' insurance companies have life, liability, and property' insurance. ordinary life policv . vour premiums will "package policies" that include protec- Most experts agree that these needs always remain the same. .Although they tion aaainst bodilv injury, propertv dam- should be taken care of first. Then you will be higher than for a term policx', age, and medical expenses. The policy should consider having at least limited the additional premium cost will build would pay up to its stated maximum for protection again.st accident and health an ever increasing cash equitv that vou injuries incurred on vour farm, for dam- expenses, total disability, and crop losses. may borrow if you need extra funds: ages to others' property by your hired The most serious risk a farm family vet your insurance protection remains in men or animals, and for medical ex- faces is the death of the breadwinner. effect. Over the years, ordinarv' life penses for persons injured on your farm. usuallv comes to a halt, ofl'ers the lowest net cost of policy Management any Before taking out such a policv, how- income stops, and with added labor on the market. ever, it's alvvavs a good idea to check its costs the family often has to sell out. Endowment insurance emphasizes the costs against individual policies ofl'ering this reason, everv farmer savings features For voung more than protection. the same coverage. needs to invest in life insurance. You It is also written for a specified .An extremely important policy to vou owe it to your family! Life insurance period of time, often 15 or 20 vears. as a farm owner will be vour "property is available in three forms: term, ordi- At the end of the period, you mav take damage " contract. It gives you protec- nary life, and endowment insurance. the full amount of the policv- in cash or tion against fire and lightning, which can Each has its advantages as well as dis- as a monthly income. The premium cause serious financial loss. Onto this advantages. A good life insurance agent rates are higher than for any other fire policy, you can add an "extended can guide you in selecting the best type policy. As a result, cash values build coverage" rider to protect against dam- for your particular situation. rapidlv'. Like most farmers, however, age from vehicles, explosions, wind, air- Term insurance will provide you the vou will probably find it more profitable craft, hail, and smoke. The cost of this most protection for the lowest premium to invest your monev into vour farm extended coverage rider is about one cost now. But it alwa\s has an expira- rather than a policy of this type. Nearlv' half the cost of your fire policy and is tion period when the protection will three fourths of an endowment premium well worth the money. Make sure vour run out— usualh' fi\e or 1 \ ears. Pre- goes for savings rather than protection. property is insured for its replacement miums are based on \our age when the You will want to ask your agent about value, if at all possible. policy is written. Each time the policy extra features that can be addci to your is renewed, the same amoimt of protec- life insurance policy. Waiver of premi- There are many types and variations tion will cost you more. Most com- um assures you that your premiums will of farm insurance coverage, and each panies will not renew policies after you be paid for by the company should you voung farmer should check with an reach 55 or 60. Even if thev did. the become totally disabled. An accidental experienced insurance representative for cost would be prohibitive. Term insur- death benefit clause provides that your details. It's your personal obligation to

ance has no cash or loan \alue. It is family would receive double or even vourself, your family, and your future.

pure protection against \our loss of life. triple the face amoimt of votir policv if

The National FITHRE FARMER —

Dairy pellets come through chutes to cows in the milking parlor. Sam gets ready for action at milking time.

Sam and Advisor Luther La- lum study the latest reports Sam and Dan Leigh+y in a fannlllar setting in their milk from the DHIA testing cen- house. Their sanitation program is the envy of the valley. ter. Both twins work to improve their dairy records.

Montana Dairy Twins

Identical tMins. Future Farmers Dan and Sam Leiglny overcame their non-farm backgrounds to l)uy a dairy farm and win a joint FFA a^vard.

DAIRYING has become a way of interest and love for that type of work,"' dairy animals, installed a bulk cooling lite for Montana's FFA dairy their advisor, Luther Lalum, explained. tank to hold their milk, increased their twins, Sam and Dan Leighty. In "This has been proven by their de- herd to 36 cows, and converted to pellet all of the Flathead Valley around Kali- votion to the operation." feeding of grain. The two cleared two spell, the Future Farmers and their In the four years of high school vo- acres of brush out in the irrigated fields, dairy herd are known for superior rec- ag, Sam and Dan saved $3,000 from the started a fertilizer program, bought ords in sanitation and production, not combined farming programs. In the another house to be moved onto the farm to mention the close cooperation of in- meantime. Sam went away for a short since Sam got married recently, and separable twins. course at Montana State College to spent additional time reorganizing their For the Leightys, the road has gone learn artificial insemination. By gradua- replacement program for heifers. In a from a suburban house just outside tion in 1962, the twins were ready to short time, it was hard to recognize the Kalispell, through four years of vo-ag make their move toward their own farm. old dairy farm. and FFA, to their own S56.000 dairy The most likely farm was their own Using his artificial inseminator's farm 10 miles east of town. From a grandfather's, the one on which they license. Sam became an inseminator in combined inventory of five cows and had gotten their dairying experience. the Flathead Valley and during 1962 calves, two market hogs, artificially bred over 800 cows in the two motor The 1 60-acre farm was located in the bikes, and one horse when they enrolled Flathead Valley on some of Montana's surrounding valley. Back home, using in vo-ag back in 1958, Dan and Sam best farming land. There were 23 dairy semen from the Evergreen Northwest have planned and farmed their way to animals, a full line of machinery, and Breeders' Association, he continuei.1 to becoming Star Farmers of Montana an irrigation system. The asking price improve the dairy herd. a joint award earned by joint work and was S56.000, but Sam and Dan were So successful were the twins in build- records. determined to raise the money. ing and improving their dairv operation Having no farm of their own did Borrowing S6.000 that their father that last March the state livestock in- not hinder the Leighty twins in getting had saved for possible use in college spector gave their dairy a sanitation rat- established in farming. Beginning with and adding their own $3,000, the twins ing of 90 percent, the highest in all summer work on the Flathead Chapter's paid a $9,000 down payment. A con- Flathead Valley. But their most coNcted farm as Green Hands, they began to tract was signed obligating them to $200 award came a month later in April, get practical farm experience. From a month until the farm was paid off. 1963. when they were named joint Star here, of at the lead- the two went to work on their It was April 1. 1962. and Dan and Sam Farmers Montana FFA's grandfather's dairy farm near town. On Leighty were in the dairy business as ership conference at Bozeman. Cooperation, determination, and a weekends and during summers of \ o-ag, partners. As Dan put it then. "Because the twins learned to milk, clean and sani- we are twins, we have done everything love for dairying form the storv behind and Leighty's success as tize dairy utensils, plan dairy rations, together. Therefore, it would he im- Sam Dan dairy and practice artificial breeding. They practical to begin separately now." twins. "The glorious sunlight of brother- had found their careers and began to With characteristic combined effort, hood and cooperation," the Official plan for the future. the twins pitched in to improve the FFA Manual calls it. "They chose dairying because of their farm. They built a loafing shed for the

June-July, 1964 27 .

"WE HAVE more national Foundation award winners and sons of American

Farmers ... in those officers liian our national orj^anization, I believe, has ever had before," Nels Ackerson told a Chicago meeting recently. He was referring to his fellow FFA officers, four of whom we present here through a "back-home-on- the-farm" view. FFA's By Paul Weller

YOUR national FFA vice presidents Joe Coyne brought academic excel- FFA and farming activities. By 1962, are the FFA's student representa- lence and top farming know-how to his he was state FFA vice president. Star tives in their respective regions. position as national vice president of the State Farmer, a member of the state From state convention to countless farm Central Region. From the straight "A" and national FFA bands, and was still meetings, they describe and promote the a\'erage in his college studies to the 450 helping farm the three farms with 113 FFA and you. Coming from mountain acres of Illinois soil he helps farm 13 feeder pigs, 12 ewes, 50 head of feeder farm and roiling prairie, they are James miles west of Joliet, his record as a cattle, and nearly 200 acres of crops.

Teets of West Virginia; Jan Turner, Future Farmer is the envy of man\ All the while, he was earning straight Utah; Marvin Gibson from Tennessee; When Joe joined the FFA in 1958, "A's" at college. and Joe Co\ ne of Illinois. he started raising purebred sheep in When his dream of becoming a na- partnership with his brother. His pre- tional FFA officer was realized this past fall, win to his Joe Coyne Improved fhls rented land \ ioLis sheep and laying hen enterprises Joe added another had been unprofitable, so Joe worked record. Now it'll be more college and a to grow a top corn crop the first year. hard to make his new farming program degree in agriculture. a sLiccess. On the 450 acres, part of which he and his father rent. Joe began raising oats, soybeans, and corn. In 1959. he rented a nearby SO-acre farm and produced 74 bushels of corn, despite the advice of a specialist who told

him it was good for nothini; but v\ild-

life. In 1961, he rented an additional 160 acres and expanded the sheep flock to 5.^ head. Ten percent of the 50-head beef herd was his before he journeyed off to nearby Joliet Jimior College, as was a certificate proclaiming him \ale- dictorian of his high school class. ^'^^/Mk Joe Coyne ne\er slowed up in his

At age five, Marvin bought this Angus

calf. 1+ was his beginning in farming.

steers, plus part of the farm in wheat and sweet corn. As a freshman, the Future Farmer traveled west to the Na- tional FFA Convention, saw the work of the national officers, and \owed he

too would be one. To do it. he would participate in everything possible back at the Everett Chapter.

At graduation from high school in 1961. Mar\in had a one-third interest Marvin Gibson. \ ice president of the honors in the fall of 1961. Still work- in the family farm of wheat, oats, pas- FFA's Southern Region, came into his ing hard on his leadership activities. ture, tobacco, beef feeders, and dairy own farming enterprise at the tender age Marvin entered Carson-Newman Col- animals. Out of eight fat cattle shows. of five, when he and his older brother lege that fall to begin studies toward Marvin won six grand championships pooled their resources to bu\ a beef the rural ministry. His election to na- and two reserve championships. One of heifer. On the family farm near Mary- tional olfice this past fall interrupted ihe steers sold for S2.17 a pound, while his college studies and came at his sixth ville, Tennessee, Marvin began raising another brought $2.15. It was beef on National FFA Convention. beef cattle for show and sale in the which Marvin had placed most of his Between FFA duties and college, Mar- Smokey Mountain community. farming emphasis. \in farms the family farm, his father Inspired his by older brother's For four years, the determined Future supplying the equipment and Marvin achievements in the FFA, Marvin vowed Farmer entered the FFA public speaking furnishing all labor for one third of the to try his hardest when he entered the contest. After three defeats, he went on net profit. College graduation will find FFA in 1957. By this time, he had three to win the National Public Speaking him working in his native South.

28 The National FUTURE F.4RMER 2

National Vice Presidents

James Teets started actively farming partnership on the family's flock of before he was 10 years old with a red sheep. That same year, he helped build wagon. 200 layers, and a $200 loan a larger laying house, install egg coolers, from the local bank. His interests in and build the family flock to 6,000 birds. poultry had always been stroni: on the Graded eggs and printed egg cartons home farm near Terra Alta. in West put the Teets family in the retail egg Virginia's Preston Coimty. At the age business. of nine, the now national vice president Jim Teet's senior year in high school of the FFA's North Atlantic Region brought results from his hard work in started a weekly egg route by wagon the After receiving his State to sell his own eggs. FFA. state By enrollment in the FFA in 1958, [^armer Degree, he was elected FFA treasurer, named State Star Poul- Jim Teets had gathered a herd of 1 Angus beef animals, 350 layers, and a try Farmer. Star Poultry Boy of NEP- PCO, and Star State Farmer. Later at Leghorn layers and champion beef the National Convention while a mem- the backbone of Jim Teets's prograr ber of the FFA Band, he became Star Poultrx' Farmer for his region. .3 Today the 120 acres of rolling farmland has 3.000 laying hens, 280 sheep, a dozen beef animals, and hay and pasture. For Jim and his ex-FF.A ad- N'isor father, the beef and la\ers are an important part of the farm. A livestock show and sale barn keep them busy, in addition. On a scholarship at West Virginia University, Jim Teets plans to

return there next fall, then on lo an aiiricultural career.

acres they farmed was being surrounded by homes, and land was selling for from

$1,500 to $4,000 per acre. It became increasingly harder for the Turners to farm land worth so much in the short Utah growing season. By going into partnership with his father on the farm and Jerse\ cattle. Jan helped consolidate and intensify the farm. He helped reorganize corrals and feeding areas to handle an additional 20 dairy animals. The number of dairy animals was increased to 95. and a nearby wooded river bottom was cleared for

li\estock. It was a struggle to increase Jan Turner and dairxing ha\e been production without passing the satura-

steady companions since that da\- 10 tion point. Jan Turner and "Linda," his first heifer,

years ago when he and "Linda." his \ cry .All the while, the future national \ ice s+arfed In farming tcgefher in 1954. first calf, got acquainted. He sensed the president of the Pacific Region was set- opportunity the FFA offered him even ting high goals in school. He entered named Star Dair\ Farmer of America in his freshman year and studied all FFA public speaking and as a ninth ai Waterloo, Iowa. material he could muster on agriculture grade Green Hand, won third place in \\'ith ox'er a year of college at Vxah

and its problems. As a Green Hand, he the state. His love for the farm helped Stale University behind him, Jan is look- was the proud owner of six dairy ani- him build a farming program to include ing forward to finishing college and re- mals and several acres of potatoes and wheat, corn, potatoes, alfalfa, and grain, turning to his farm partnership. A Gold- barley. besides his dairy animals. By his senior en Gloves boxing contender and the In the Utah valley near Morgan, Jan year in high school, he had held three holder of fi\e college scholarships. Jan

and his parents were facing increasing chapter offices and had been a state of- Turner's future in farming is brighter problems from urbanization. The 120 ficer for two vears. A vear later he was than ever.

Junc-.Tuly, 1964 29 —

ALMOST gave up going to college 1 because I didn't see how Dad could manage without my help after school and on weekends. Then we took another look. The fact that I am gradu- ating from college this spring proves TAKE how well our new idea worked.

I wanted desperately to go to college after high school. Still, our 200-acre dairy-hog farm was planned so that it ANOTHER took all hands and the cook to keep it operating smoothly. As the summer began and it became time to apply for college, we really concentrated on our LOOK! problem. With younger children in the family, plus the added expense of tuition, it was silly to even suggest cutting Before you decide your down on cows or hogs. It was equally foolish to suppose that Dad could afford fariniug operation won't all the new labor-saving machines on allow you to go to college, the market. We would have to stay take another look . . . within the budget. An FFA tour through a large feed plant had pointed out that leaks in By either time or energy could make the Larry Pearson difference between profit and loss. That's when I got the idea that served as my steppingstone to college. "Let's analyze every step, every move we make doing routine chores. Dad," 1 suggested. He caught on fast. "Good! We'll look at the old place like we never saw it economical pole-type building for the before," he grinned. young stock cut their care in half.

Then we got down to work, keeping It is next to impossible to see all of a pad and pencil handy so we wouldn't your work with completely neutral eyes. forget. We paid special attention to the That's why we wanted Mr. Reynolds, placement of feed bins, equipment my advisor, to look over the situation. anything we handled or made a trip for. He hadn't been on the farm 10 minutes As we thought of improvements or short before he noticed our hogs didn't have cuts, v\e wrote them down. By the end a concrete feeding slab. He pointed of a week we had a long list and already out that the feed saved from being had made some changes that would be- trampled into the mud in a single year come permanent. would pay for it. What was saved the First, we took down a partition in the next year could be used for tuition. barn that had served no purpose since Economical, homemade self - feeders tractors replaced old Dobbin. With were another one of Mr. Reynold's ideas the partition removed, calves could be —feeders that allow one man to feed fed without walking around the end and many hogs. through a door. This saved 25 steps. Any Future Farmer knows of the Not much? Multiply it by two, since long hours of vigil spent in the hog barn chores are done twice a day, and then at farrowing time. Mr. Re\'nolds sold Posing proudly in his college jacket, by 365. We tore out calf pens and put Dad on the use of farrowing crates. Larry Pearson makes a contented pose. in small stanchions, far easier to clean Dad could hardly believe that it wouldn't for one man since now the barn cleaner be necessary for him to be on hand to both your advisor and county agent could take over. put piglets under a heat lamp or keep willing and able to help. The main ob-

Instead of unloading most of the feed the sow from trampling them. But it's ject is to reduce work without making at the granary, we built feed bins wher- true. A few days with a hammer and less profit. You'll likely find, as we did, ever any livestock was to be fed. Here we had several crates ready. With a that with increased efficiency the margin in Minnesota, regular water taps freeze heat lamp to warm the baby pigs and of profit widened a bit. solid during the winter months. Install- the crate constructed to prevent the sow You'll have to look around, speculate, ing self-draining hydrants cost a little from getting up. Dad wasn't needed. and analyze your own farm. I know more but eliminated carrying what Naturally, all time and labor savers that after four years, our system is still amounted to tons of water to hogs in on one farm won't apply to another working out well enough that 1 will soon the course of one winter. farm's operation, since there are no two get a degree in science. Dad has man- The more we analyzed, the more we alike. But big companies have used aged, except for a minimum of hired found culprits that had robbed us of this means of increasing efficiency with- help, by planning the big jobs to coin- profit. An extra hay chute saved drag- out increasing time or labor for years. cide with my college breaks and vaca- ging bales many extra feet. We made They even employ full-time people to tions. loading cattle and hogs a one-man oper- watch for time and energy leaks in the Don't give up a college education ation by building a ramp on wheels that company. without taking another look. was exactly the height of the truck. An Unless I miss my guess, you'll find

30 The National FUTURE FARMER -

An AC Oil Filter protects engine parts prolongs

engine life

An AC Oil Filter continually filters out harmful dirt and grime from your

tractor's motor oil. The result: engine

wear is reduced; your tractor lasts longer. There's an AC Oil Filter designed specifically to meet the filtering demands of your engine. AC'S exclusive "Controlled Porosity" filtering material provides maximum

grit-trapping action, gives safe, reliable protection under severest operating conditions. Safeguard your

tractor investment with the finest in

engine protection . . . ask your AC dealer for an AC Oil Filter.

OIL FILTERS

AC SPARK PLUG <^ THE ELECTRONICS DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS

JiiiK-.lul\. 1964 A visit to Senator Byrd's office in Washington was part of Nels Acker- son's official duties recently promoting the safe use of pesticides. Teaming up with 4-H Representative Katherine Roche, right, the two visited on Capitol Hill and also with agricultural chemicals officials.

•^ l/\» L^ X^ |\

The working garb of the steel mill became familiar to the Milk is being introduced in soda pop bottles in Minnesota national FFA officers as they toured U. S. Steel's works this spring. The state's "Princess Kay of the Milky Way" at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on the FFA's Goodwill Tour. teamed up with FFA officers to begin FFA Week promotion.

"Elaine," Duaine Moore's prize Angus cow on the right, has produced five heifer Bill Robinson, president of the Warren, calves In three years, and two have been grand champions. The Morton, Missis- Illinois, Chapter, discusses seat belt in- sippi, Future Farmer, right, holds Elaine and her oldest calf, while his advisors, stallation with Bob Shimmin. The chap-

Kenny Gray and I. Q. Weaver, hold the twins. Duaine's father is at rear. ter helps local police install the belts.

The National FUTURE FARMER Notice the thicker stand and healthier growth with the Panogen-treated seed. {Similar results can be expected by Panogen treating other small grains, flax, cotton, peanuts, safflower, peas and beans.) Seen by almost 1,000,000 farmers and future farmers

In M.irch of 1963, \\c offered the Panogen seed treatment plastic bag test kits to County Agents, \'o Ag Teachers and 4-H Le;iders to use in meetings and classes as visual proof of the benefits of seed treating. Since then, nearU one-million farmers and future farmers have seen this proof.

The plastic bag test visualh proves the benefits of treating seed with N'apor Action Panogen—the world's most widely-used, most thoroughly-proven seed treatment. Through the clear plastic bags, you can see the black and gray disease molds form and spread to kill and weaken seeds. You can also see the clean, healthy look of the Panogen- treated seeds... their absence of mold... and their superior root and foliage development. When you ha\'e seed treated, or recommend seed treatment chemicals for small grains, limited quantity flax, cotton, peanuts, safflower, peas, beans— specif\ the .Action of the Parlogen Seed Treat and P.mogen— \apor

ment plast ic bag kits avail Seed Treatment, used for 25 years by farmers all o\er the world. able to C ounty Agents, V. Aq teach ers, A-H leader and FFA chapter officers Writ e to tvlorton Chemica Com pany. c/o J. Greer.

Xou: TheIC an- ,wv ilcii,- Shno^m VAPOR AOTIBN onsnalions kit. per SEED TREATMENT

411 MORTON CHEMICAL COMPANY 110 N. WACKER DRIVE • CHICAGO 6, ILL. DIVISION OF MORTON SALT COMPANY

.Tunc-.hil.\. 1964 in Europe's mile-high Alps. Our true story follows French shepherds in their spring battle against the elements.— Ed.

JEAN Chemin, a sheep farmer days to complete meticulous prepara- Bastian, set the animals on their trek FORfrom southern France, summer tions for his expedition. Into a covered with the formula: "Brrrrr, veni, veni, ushers in the yearly trek that takes wagon he heaped everything needed by pitchounes!" (Now, move along, little his flock of 2,300 sheep and goats from people remote from civilization. ones!) the sea level grazings of La Crau Plain, There were thread and needles; sheep Accompanied by his dog, Lamir, he blighted hy the drought, to the lush medicines and extra clothing; coffee and would lead the way, keeping the pace Mercantour Range 200 miles away and sugar; codfish boxes and oat sacks for at a steady mile and a half per hour. over 8.000 feet up in the French Alps, the good old mare; and considerably He warned me that such a slow gait, bordering on Italy. more than a baker's dozen of other odd- best for the flock, would be hard on me Toward the end of spring, the sheep ments. because it is tiring to cut the length of one's pace in half. get leaner and leaner. Their flat, scissor- Oversight of the most trivial thing In the middle of the flock. Shepherds like jaws scrape the lowland pastures would mean for someone a long hike Francois and Simon urged their dogs bare, upturning every pebble in their down dales and up mountains to Bou- to start prodding the sheep in a top- search for the last withered blade of zieyas hamlet, 10 miles from his shep- kick's bark: "Garcon, Tambour, Bril- grass. As La Crau burns under a fiery herds' cabin, nestled in the shadow of lant. Marquise, jappe, jappe. cou- sun, they begin to suffer from the heat. 8, .396-foot Cime du Voga. quines!" (Bark, bark, you rascals!) Despite his eagerness to start. Chemin With camera man Marcel Coen, I Bringing up the rear with the steady has to wait for the thaw to set in on the joined Chemin at St. Martin de Crau. a mare. La Grise, trained to stop auto- Alps—the flock might not survive a village near Marseilles, when newspa- matically as soon as the sheep showed late snowstorm catching them on some pers announced, "Thaw on the Alps!" treacherous moimtain pass the slightest hesitation, Chemin set the two miles Because the animals must be slowly above sea level. At such altitudes spring rear in motion. acclimated to the freezing cold of the replaces winter overnight. But Under the sun's slanting rays, the when mountain heights, the journey would be they reached journey's end, a tall carpet whole flock, enveloped in dense clouds made in 13 marches, each of \5 miles. of succulent herbs would await them. of dust, went tramping forward to the To evade the scorching heat of the day, merry accompaniment of their neck Chemin and his three drovers would the flock would travel mainly after dark. bells. Each sheepmaster chooses his have to spend many months away from Thus, at 7 p.m. on the first day of population centers. So, he used the last summer, 67-year-old chief shepherd, (Continued on Pane 36}

34 The National FUTURE FARMER ;.

unless your idea of what is important

in a car is what's under the hood and you want a chance to work on something

besides ordinary V-8's and straight 6's. (The Army has the largest variety of ^ vehicles available anywhere.)

unless you want experience in the booming fields of aii'craft and missile

maintenance. ( The Ai'my has the third largest assemblage of aircraft in the world.)

unless you want to work on the most up-to-date equipment around. In addition

to all the things you would expect, the Ai-my now uses giant-wheeled land

trains in Ai'ctic i-egions . . . trucks that

swim . . . tanks that go underwater. .

things that ride on cushions of air.

, unless you're willing to work hard to

become a real expert . . . and leai-n skills for which you'll be paid as an expert.

unless travel, adventure, and

resi)onsibility appeal to you. You'll get all three in the new action Army. Today's soldiers serve in almost every country in the free world.

If this sounds like what you're after, talk with your local Army recruiter.

Ask him to tell you how the Army can help you to become the expert in the specialty of your choice.

But don't wait too long. There's a limited quota at every Army school and the sooner you apply, the sooner UNLESS vou can be on voui' wav.

If you're good enough to get in. ..a proud future can be yours in the new action Army Xhe Big Trek (Continued from Page 34) bells so that their harmony blends in a chime peculiar to his own flock. Thus, an expert, even a long way off, can identify by ear a flock on the move! During the whole drive, that sets the rhythm of life in the flock.

We marched all that night. Towards 3 a.m., the blacker outlines of a farm- house emerged from the graying darkness. We were at La Samatane, our first halting place. The limited amount of grazing the sheep do on the move is not sufficient to sustain them. Now and then Chemin had to provide them with a square meal ofl^ some rented meadow. Our sheep would start grazing in a single mass. Their tongues swept the widest section of grass possible, which their thin lips impatiently chiseled away. When their appetites had been blunted, they would scatter away in several groups. foothills, After a time, I grew aware that it Winding their way through snow-splotched mountain French shepherds was always the same number of groups. and their dogs herd the vast flock up to the 8,000-ft. pastures near Italy's border. "Are the groups made up of the same animals?" I asked Bastian.

"Indeed they are. Each one is a Drugged with fatigue, I had become the sheep. Scared out of their lives, family grouped around the grandmother an automaton. At night, I would hold they scattered like chaff in the wind. ewe!" a shaft legs onto of the wagon. As my Marcel and I ran like mad to round As the road struggled upward along kept mechanically knitting ever onward, up the terror-stricken animals, at the the left bank of the River, Durance we now and then I'd fall into a doze. But risk of falling over some precipice con- passed from Province into the Lower pronto, a painful hump against mare cealed in fog. Suddenly the north wind area Alps at Mirabeau Pass. Our sheep or vehicle would jolt me awake. started blowing wickedly, clearing the were getting hardier hardier. and At Before tackling the final ascent, we fog away. Soon the bells of the leaders they could graze with ill effects dawn no recuperated for 24 hours at Bayasse, a began echoing together, recalling the on grass heavy with dew, which would hamlet at the foot of the 8,696-foot scattered ewes. have harmed them in La Crau. Restefond Pass. The sheep must eat Everybody was wondering—how tackling the first Before high moun- their fill. If they were to cover the last many casualties? The previous year on tain passes, we rested for a day at stretch hungry, they might climb over the same pass, a shepherd and 345 Oraison. pick heights You could out the steepest rock in search of grass—and sheep had been killed by lightning. more formidable than the lesser Alps fall to their death. I thought the ordeal would be over chain already passed. Lit by the rising The wagon was left behind in a shed, with the end of the gruelling climb. But sun. the eternal snows appeared dazzling and its cargo was transferred into pack along a steeply descending track turned white and pink on the Lure Mountains. saddles. Along this last stretch, often by the storm into a muddy torrent, the It fell the shepherd to of the watch shrouded in mist, the mules were to lead descent to the Camp des Fourbes pas- to prepare our meals. Cook would pour the way. Once a mule has traversed a tures, L500 feet below the pass, was a beans, macaroni, whole potatoes, chunks winding mountain track, he'll remem- trying experience. of bread soaked in olive oil. and some ber its bends forever. At last, we emerged into a vast circus sharp red wine into a big kettle filled We climbed over 3,000 feet across a of mountains, topped by the dazzling with boiling water. landscape strewn with tumbled rock and whiteness of eternal snows. At mid- Only a ravenous appetite, the open snow patches. The air was loaded with slope I could see three small cabins. air, and 15 miles on your tired legs electricity, and the animals began show- The largest was the drovers' cabin: the could induce you to care for it. And as ing nervousness as the top of the remaining two, the stables for the pack put it, Jean "Br'er, it's some grub to pass disappeared in clouds. We reached animals. Sheep and goats had to be have inside you!" the relative safety of the strategic road, content with an open-air corral nearby. As our procession wound higher and cutting across it as hailstones began Sheep and goats had already hurled higher along the valleys of the Verdon lashing painfully at the animals' muzzles. themselves upon the rich grass, ever over traffic-jammed highways, mountain They lowered their heads and stopped. living the present moment without tops, and snowdrifts, some sheep were We began thrashing them to have them fright and without memory, although found limping. Their hoofs had gotten scatter away, but in vain. we might have had many casualties by chinked by quick and brutal successions With a blinding crash, lightning struck the mountainside. Such is the way of of heat and cold. Those too exhausted the top of the pass a few feet above the big trek and the forgetfulness of were put in the back compartment of our heads, darting a blue tongue of flame animals and, for all I know, their over- the wagon. along the wake of warm air created by powering wisdom. -^^^

The National FUTURE FARMER ly.U 1 luiiiicr Onimanney holds a Winchester slide-action 22-

^^How did I get to be a professional hunter? I guess it all began with a Winchester 22/'

says David Ommanncy, our man in Africa.

When we took our new rifles to But it was what he said about his ly, and nex'er taiUng to keep it clean Tanganyika, to prove them on safari, long experience with Winchester 22s and in perfect shape. it was David Ommanney we chose that we wish all young hunters (and "Things like always being fair to to lead us. their parents) could have heard. the game he hunts—by never firing "1 was just a kid," he told us, at anything until he's pretty sure a

"when 1 owned niy first one. And single shot will drop it." no rifle IN'e handled since had so much to do with deciding my career.

"It wasn't simply that I learned

from it how to aim and scjueeze a trigger. My first 22 taught me most of the things a true hiuiter must feel

r- act ion in his bones. "Things like showing respect for Few men know more about game his tifle—by always handling it safe- and guns than Ommanney. And no Slide-action rifle Model 270, $55.95. professional hunter in East Africa is (W.rK hroun CscoW forearm, $52.0?.) better liked and respected. Our three 22 models were among 1^.--' super" To this day, David Ommanney is the new rifles he helped test. "The never without a Winchester 22 in ruggedness and accuracy of these the rack of his Land-Rover. "It's a

hard-hitting rifles is amazing," Om- Give muscle to your 22. Be sure you ask real rifle," he says. "And belongs in manney said. for Winchester or Western rimfire ammo. the safari battery." WINCHESTER. WESTERN DIVISION V#lin FREE!

Publicity and Public

Relations Materials

for NATIONAL FFA WEEK Next Year!

This special offer lets you take rare of a lot of pithlicity and public relations for your chap- tcr iu one easy pritject.

HERE'S ALL YOU DO:

Become a participating cluipler

in the Official FFA Calendar I'roiirain and setid in orders for at least the itiininiuin

titles on tiro ttf the three Offi- cial FFA Calendar styles.

HERE'S WHAT YOl GET:

First, and iiKist ini|i()ilaiiL nciu'II lie parlici|)alin,n in the Official FFA Calendar

program, and will lia\c [W lirnciils ot FFA (lak'ndars hanging in your com-

immity all next )car. CaltMidar> thai tell the \\)-Ag and FFA Story.

PLUS yol'i.l I!i:( i:i\k a fkf.e special package of m\terf\ls to help you PROMOTE 1(111! CHU'TER DURING NATIONAL FFA WEEK NEXT FEBRUARY. THIS OFFER GOOD ON ALL THREE PARTICIPATION PLANS. SEND FOR DETAILS.

TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THIS OFFER, ASK YOUR CHAPTER ADVISOR TO SEND FOR AN OFFICIAL FFA CALENDAR PROJECT KIT AND MORE INFORMATION!

WHO CAN USE OFFICIAL FFA CALENDARS? MAKE 1965 AN OUTSTANDING

PLAN A— Business fir US can advertise the PUBLIC RELATIONS YEAR FOR FFA products and services on FFA Calendar through a sponsorship arrangement v

FFA Chapters and State Associa- PLAN B .Tlir National tions may order and give awey or hang FFA calendars as a public relations activity.

PLAN C— FFA calendars may be ordered Futuic Farmci' in any quantity or singly from a special group Alexandria, Va. 22306 of preirnprinted calendars. Anyone may order. DAIRY COWS on Slotted Floors

Ity hail liitiidoic

industry to save labor. Now sl()tted floors are being introduced to the nation's dairy 11 collect in a from '2 the manure and urine to SLOTTED lloors and a new revolu- Slats of steel vary in width Slots between the cellar beneath the floor. In this case, the tion in manure handling are com- to five inches wide. '4 1 urine is suflicient to make the manure a inch to ' 2 ing to the nation's dairy industry. slats will then vary from the slat, the liquid without adding water. In dairy Fresh from Europe, the idea is just now inches wide. The narrower three-inch wide barns, liquid manure is recirculated from being tested in the United States. narrower the crack. A an outside storage tank through special As dairy herds become larger, every slat would have a corresponding open- steel, tapered gutters and the liquid returned daily chore becomes a major labor re- ing of lU inches wide. Cor-Ten to corrosion to the storage tank. This system requires quirement, and the biggest of these is which has proven resistant addition of 20 percent water. manure removal. Slotted floors have in manure spreaders, is suggested for light-weight; The modern dairy plan incorporates served so well to reduce the labor in these slats. Steel slats are sanitized; and do not free stalls along with slotted floors. raising hogs that cattlemen are starting long-lived: easily crack. The floor of the stall is covered with to use the idea to reduce their daily warp, chip, or rubber or plastic mats. With proper barn cleaning chores. European farmers have been using design of free stalls using mats, bedding One plan features a section of slotted slotted floors for 25 to 30 years. Slotted is eliminated and the labor of storing, steel floor eight feet wide between rows floors are used in combination with free moving, and placing the bedding is of free stalls. The cross alleys and hold- stalls for dairy cattle with manure being avoided. In the northern dairy areas, ing area also are slotted. Regardless of removed from beneath the floor in liquid the barn should be insulated and a well- whether the cow is in the stall or in the form. Where complete slotted floors (Conliiuiecl Pai;e 40) alley, she must dung on the slats. are used, it is common practice to allow on

Underground Pipe for Recirculation of Liquid Manure^

II 1 1 1 1 1 1 M 1 1 1

HKtunul fntt,

ii 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

J__l_ L_

With this dairy barn plan, manure drops

through slah, is liquefied, then pumped fo 50-foot storage tank. From here, it can be pumped into liquid spreaders.

June-July, 1964 Raise Registered DAIRY COWS ON in the severe winter weather. One thousand to 1.200 Slotted Floors gallons of liquid manure storage per dairy cow is desirable for a LIVESTOCK (Continued from Page 39) 90-day period. A 50-cow dairy should have 50.000-gallon storage to eliminate engineered ventilation system installed. the need to spread manure in December, The newest concept of all is that of January, and February. feeding the cow in the free stall, CHEVIOTS now Liquid storage tanks may be placed Thrifty, hardy, easy lambing, being tried in Europe. Feeding in the underground, partly above ground, excellent producers. Cheviot or free stall gets double use from the free rams sire superior market entirely above ground depending on ter- lambs. Literature, list of brte.l. i, liec stall and the slotted floors. In the United rain and drainage of the site. Tanks AMERICAN CHEVIOT SHEEP bOCItPY States, the free stall is only a loafing above ground are Lafayette Hill US, Pa. subject to freezing. area for the cattle. Having the stall as Tanks partly above ground should be the feeding area eliminates the need for banked with earth and the roof covered a separate feeding area and barnvard. with hay or straw to prevent freezing. At all times the cattle travel on slats, mm Liquid manure in the tank must be Make money. Know how to break and eliminating the need to scrape feeding rscs. Mrile taiaij fnr mis boot agitated prior to recirculation and be- FRIE, together with spcchil otter or areas and barnyards. fore the tank is pumped out. This can be check here ( ) Do it todai/- The plan incorporates mechanical accomplished by installing a mechani- BEERY SCHOOL OF HORSEMANSHIP feeding of haylage and silage to the cal agitator or by using the manure OepL 2026 Pleasant Hill, Ohio stalls. With feeding mechanized and pump. If the latter is the case, the pump manure chores greatly reduced, the ef- must be designed to handle solids when forts the it is IT PAYS TO SHOW A WINNER! of dairyman can be focused used as an agitator. In Europe it Suffolks take top honor.s at the Shows. Fairs on proper milking, feeding, and herd is common to find 10- and 15-horse- Exhibitions, and in both the live showings and the carcass judginE! Suffolks earn vol health. power electric motors on the manure cash awards, and high profits at sellins time pump, which is Suffolks meet the meat demands. Slotted floors eliminate the need of also being used as an agitator. NATIONAL SUFFOLK SHEEP ASSOCIATION periodically scraping alleys behind free Write Box 324-F Columbia. Mo. stalls. Storing of liquid manure in tanks Many European countries have pro- will reduce daily field spreading of vided three-phase electric power to the to a two- or three-day job every rural areas. Recently, these When you move, let us know! The Na- manure large-sized tional FUTURE will follow you FARMER three or four months. In the north, it is manure pumps have been designed to wherever you go. Send us your old and new addresses. Include an address label important to provide storage so that be tractor mounted for use in the Unit- from your last issue. liquid manure does not have to be spread ed States. The manure pump correctly designed can serve as the agitator in the storage tank, recirculator for flushing AMERICA'S down special gutters in the dairy barn, ^linub C^ocUidL GREATEST and to load the field spreader during the PLEASURE emptying of the storage tank. I HORSE In summary, the slotted floor dairy barn has eliminated the following: 1. Bedding cost and labor of placing Speed, conformation and disposition bedding in stalls. make the American Quarter Horse 2. The daily chore of scraping dung- the world's greatest pleasure horse ing alleys, barnyards, and feed areas. as well as the world's greatest stock 3. Daily spreading of manure horse. His lightning speed puts his in the fields. In addition, liquid manure rider in the right place to work spread at the proper time with all cattle; his powerful muscles provide urine included has greater fertilizer value the punch to get the work done; than manure spread daily on frozen and his excellent disposition makes ground. him a willing worker, gentle enough The new dairy system includes several for small children. They're fastest new practices which must be properly to a quarter-mile; they dominate planned for best results. Before build- cutting horse activities; there's none ing, check your layout with informed

better for ranch work; . . . AND they agricultural engineers or building con- maintain a consistently good mar- sultants. Slats must be well de'signed ket value. and spaced properly. Gutters beneath the slotted floor must be laid out for easy flushing. Liquid manure pumps should Ask }'our neighbor who owns an AQHA registered Quarter Horse, be engineered to pump heavy fluids and

or better still . . . ask us. Write for free booklets: "Ride a must be powered adequately. Storage Quarter Horse", "Training Riding Horses", and "Judging tanks should be treated to insure many "ears Quarter Horses." of useful service. The extra cost of slotted floors, manure gutters, stall mats, and liquid manure equipment results in savings which AMERICAN QUARTER HORSE ASSOCIATION should pay off your initial investment AMARILLO, TEXAS P.O. BOX 271 in four to six years. It's a good investment in addition to eliminating dairy chore drudgeries. ^^^ The National FUTURE FARMER Keep hornflies off cattle

for up to 3 weeks with one application of Du Pont Marlate 'YCHLOR INSECTICIDE "^^CAtTlE..

FOR RESIDUAL PROTECTION spray "Marlate" methoxychlor. DAIRYMEN DISCOVERED THIS FAST HORNFLY CONTROL. You Easy to use; simply mix with water and spray. Also ideal for simply take a rounded tablespoonful of "Marlate" methoxy- "back-rubbers." May be used on beef animals right up to chlor... right from the bag. ..and rub it along the cow's poll, slaughter time. Controls flies around the premises and in neck (top and sides), back and upper sides. Takes 30 seconds, buildings, too. Keeps hornflies off for as long as 3 weeks.

"Marlate" methoxychlor is available in two formulations: "Marlate" 50, a wettable powder, and "Marlate" 2MR, an emulsifiable liquid. Use "Marlate" 50 for direct hand dusting of dairy cattle. Leaves no residue in milk when used as directed. Use either formulation for spraying beef cattle, and as a spray for controlling flies in farm buildings and around

premises. On ait chemicals, follow labeling inslructions and warninis carefully.

Better Things for Better Living By E. M. Leffert

"T^ ISHED-OUT lakes" are definitely NOT the places to ri try to catch a fast bass or a slow walleye! Waters are -^ usually called "fished-out" if they lie close to metropolitan areas. From May to September, vacationers swoop down on nearby ponds to litter the shallows and churn up the deep. Before very long, fishing craft are forced from the scene. But are these lakes really fished-out? A certain close- mouthed few catch fish, even record size, from such spots regularly. Throughout the country, members of this tiny, secretive clan seldom go home empt\-handed. This is how "fished-out lake experts" operate.

First of all. learn what kinds of fish used to live in the target lake you select. A brief study can then be made about known habits of these particular fish. For example, walleyed pike and smallmouth bass have a liking for deeper water, rocky shoals, and projecting sand or gravel bars. Largemouth bass and muskies often "stake out a shoreline" and stay put. Northern pike usually hang around underwater weedbeds. p

?!x

Knowledge about natural food is important, too. Small- mouth bass and walleyed pike are seldom taken on frogs, but do search out certain types of minnows and chubs to eat. Both species also relish large gobs of night crawlers. On the other hand, largemouth bass and northern pike prow the shallows in search of frogs and polliwogs. although they do not exactly turn up their noses at minnows and worms either. The ferocious muskellunge will "hit" most anything, and marauding muskies have tackled ducks, turtles, and even swimming squirrels to satisfy their appetites.

Is it better to use artificial or natural baits? Veterans say artificial baits are best liked because they're cheaper and much less trouble to cart around. But the most important Work the areas along the bank with lures made for the job. factor of all is logic. Logical lures, presented in logical feed- These smallmouth bass are from Maryland's Potomac River. ing or hiding places at logical times, cannot long fail. The good caster has the ability to put himself within range of his quarry. Since most species move around, a good bet Although daybreak and dusk are the best times to is to try the coves, points, or the bigger bays first. Try fishing among fish, night is the shoreline up against the bank with lures made for the fishing usually tops. All of the silent "fished-out lake" experts know this. The biggest trout, bass, walleye, job. A plain weedless hook garnished with a pork strip is a "natural." and other kinds of trophy fish hit readily then. Surface and shallow lures When in doubt, troll. No one ever caught a tackle-buster running seem to stir up the most action. The biggest bass and see as well after as before. on a "dry" plug or spoon. That's why this method of "fish- walleyes can dark When their supply of minnows heads for shore under cover finding" is so successful. Trolling keeps you on the move in of darkness, so do they. search of the big ones but lets you fish while doing it. When the first strike comes, quit trolling and start casting the area. Work the shallow, rocky points and bars thoroughly with Should the first "hit" take awhile, switch from deep-running spinners, feathers, and night crawlers for the walleyes. Huge baits to shallow, or from spoons to feathers. But \\hate\er bass can be angered enough by a commotion on the surface you do, never stop asking questions of veterans, or experi- to smash at almost anything. Gasoline-burning lanterns can menting. be mighty handy to have around when trying to untangle

Most natural food for fish is near two specific depths of a knot. But if you want to catch a trophy fish and give the the water. Frogs, insects, and numerous water bugs are all folks back on the dock something to talk about, leave all of found on or near the surface, while crabs and minnows live the noise back at the pier with them. near the bottom. To fish in between is to waste valuable Know-how can't take all the sporting uncertainty out of time. Actually, a half dozen lures (if they are the right kind) fishing, hut it can boost your prospects tremendously. Why will serve you well. not fill the happy, warm months with pleasure and your But action and color are important. If you're lucky enough freezer with the by-product of your knowledge? You can to catch a fish right game off, open him up to find out what do it in that "fished-out lake" just a few miles from your he's been feeding on. Then try the lure that best imitates home, where prizes are likely to he as big, or bigger, than the darting action and color of the minnow you find inside. anywhere else.

42 The National FUTURE FARMER /W^

WHEN IT COMES TO GROWING A HIGH CORN YIELD, YOUR FUNK'S-G MAN

IS YOUR BEST FRIEND (Your Dad's, too)

Higher yields are the goal of everyone who grows corn. And as corn yields have moved up, your Funk's G-Hybrid* dealer has FIIMIi'S played an increasingly important roll.

First, he has the greatest lineup of hybrids available. The farmers who are shooting for—and making—the really top yields are almost all doing it with Funk's G-Hybrids.

Secondly, he has the corn production plan which is the basis for these high yields. It's called the Trio of High Profit Practices. If you want to make corn production a more exciting —and profitable—project in the cornfield and in the classroom, see your Funk's-G dealer. He can obtain for you the latest information on HWBRID high-yield corn production for your area.

* Funk's G-Hybrid is the regislered trademark c^nkBoseeaCo Boo n.cn o. ^^^ PRODUCERS OF FUNK'S G-HYBRIDS Rows of Harmon Liles's broom corn, Across the U. S. A., neatly baled, form a line behind him. Future Farmers Are "Learning to Do; Doing To Learn; Earning A $250 crop farming award last year meant a big boost for the Future Farm- To Live; and Living er and helped him get established for the To Serve." 1963 crop season. In fact, he produced over 20 acres of the broom material. I When his records were compiled at harvest, he checked in with a total yield of T-W*4f over 3 ''2 tons. Discounting the labor that Harmon iN'EW MEXICO— Huge bales of broom puts in to pull the corn and bale it for lothc corn, his supervised farming crop, are shipment, broom corn is a rather cheap you inspected by Harmon Liles before clos- and simple crop to grow. With a net ing out another crop sale last fall. Liv- profit of $750 from last year's crop, the , TONICA ing in a dryland area around San Jon, San Jon Future Farmer is looking for- Harmon decided to raise this unique ward to another successful broom corn dryland crop as part of his farming pro- harvest and a college degree, before re- turninsj to farm. ILLINOIS — Ever driven through a strange town and wondered where the high school was located? Members of the contest to all students of the local the Tonica Chapter had many times, so

high school. they decided to do something about it When the season had closed this past in their town recently. fall, there were 12 entries, ranging in Getting the cooperation of the FHA 19' length from '2 inches to 24-' s inches chapter at the high school. Advisor from tip to quill. Sonny Jones's big bird George Irvine and his Future Farmers feather won him the contest and two had a sign painted that read "FHA-FFA boxes of shotgun shells, not to mention Welcomes You to the Tonica H. S." the envy of a lot of Future Farmers Both the FFA and FHA emblems had a around the school. prominent place on the colorful sign Runner-up with a 23'^ s -inch feather board. was Lynn Dickerson. His award was a Advisor Irvine and Tonica members

bo.x of shotgun shells. Actually, his feel there is an excellent opportunity to

feather \s as only about ' 4 inch longer serve the local community in this way than that of third place winner Dave yet still promote the FFA. Tonica's OHIO—There's always some bragging Queen, who walked away with a gun sign is at the edge of town along the around the Southeastern Clark Chapter cleaning outfit for his effort in bringing main thoroughfare.

about who's the best bird hunter, so to down a long-tailed bird. Committee- "I believe there is a direct correlation

decide once and for all who is best, man Dick Kitchen proclaimed the con- between the town's .schools and its members sponsored a Pheasant Tail contest a success in both interest and set- citizens." Advisor Irvine told us. The test. Running the duration of pheasant tling the best pheasant hunter contro- favorable comments on his chapter's season in Ohio, Future Farmers opened N'crsy. sign give proof to his belief.

David Carpenter's market hog was LOUISIANA—Tractor driving is a dual grand champion at the Cow Palace. affair down Fenton way in Louisiana. Each spring during the annual "Aggie

three instructors making the week-long Day," Future Farmers sponsor a father- son tractor driving contest over a self- stay at the Golden Gate City. made obstacle course. Riding in Chapter Reporter Rusty Murchison's truck were chapter mem- Fathers drop their farm work and bers' pigs and lambs. Two other trucks come to town to pit their skill with their brought the remainder of the livestock, sons against other Future Farmer-father while the school bus accommodated the teams. Contestants must drive a tractor Future Farmer owners. hitched to a trailer through gates, back When the judging cleared. Dave Car- it. turn corners, then park it without penter had walked off with the champion flaws. Hampshire pig and the reserve champion Future Farmers go through the course crossbred pig. His award was 40 cents first, park the tractor, and leave the a pound for the 180-pound champion. motor running for their fathers. The C.\LIFORNL4—Members of the Red In fact, the entire Red Bluff Chapter father then goes through the course, this Bluff Chapter piled in trucks and a received a feeding efficiency award from time shutting otT the motor after park- school bus this spring and headed to- Cal Poly's Collegiate FFA Chapter being. Judges carefully check for numbers ward San Francisco's famous Cow Pal- fore leaving for home. The week-long of markers touched, rough clutching, ace and the spring livestock show. In stay brought awards and experience plus stalling the engine, and time required all, there were 20 chapter members and plans for another trip next year. to go through the course. WYOMING—When a huge Air Force Titan II missile hit a pinpoint target 5.800 miles away recently, a Wyoming Future Farmer could he proud of his contrihution to his country. Robert Dale Reading's beef chain began when Cal Dickinson presenfed

Neal. a State Farmer and former mem- a heifer fo Fred Reppert, center. Jim Brouse looks on, left. ber of the Shoshoni Chapter, had per- fected a new technique in the autopilot MICHIGAN—Swine chains among Michigan FFA chapters of the missile that helped accomplish are quite popular, but few have a beef chain going these days the mission. like the Reading Chapter in Hillsdale County. The technical discovery netted the former Future Farmer Just this spring, a local cattle breeder, Calvin Dickinson of an "Engineer of the Month" certificate from the Air Force Camden, started Reading's beef chain when he donated a plus acclaim from his fellow officers at Riverside. California. registered Angus heifer to the chapter. She was a beauty, a His discovery in mathematics will save many hours of labor scven-month-old heifer valued at over S250. The lucky on our missile program in the future. Future Farmer recipient was Fred Reppert, a sophomore and Lieutenant Neal served as president of the Shoshoni FFA second year member of the FFA. Chapter, was winner in district and regional public speaking The first heifer calf from Fred's animal will be given back contests, and attended the National FFA Convention for to the chain and then to another deserving Future Farmer two years as a delegate. His degree from Colorado State at Reading. Advisor Gordon Bloom is acting coordinator of

University in engineering in 1960 and a commission in the the program. As he explained, it is the plan of both him and U. S. Air Force put him in the highly technical missile field, Cal Dickinson to establish large beef breeding herds in the where his outstanding work has won him the recent engineer Reading section of the county among young farmers. Some honor. dav beef mav be a major enterprise there.

This year. Jiiumy Hoppe and his dad. OKLAHOMA—At Rush Springs Chap- share, each benefiting in his own way. Carl, walked off with top honors. Run- ter, Future Farmers learn basic welding Oklahoma Farmrr-Storhma,, I'l.ni ner-up was Larry Corbcllo and his fath- in vo-ag class, then put it to practical Future Farmer Clarence Ballard, left, er. Albert. Both were recognized at the use after school at nearby Cline Indus- decided to become a full .time welder. Father-Son Banquet after the contest. tries, a welding shop in town. It's all part of a cooperative program that the Two Future Farmer winners and fathers welding shop owners have arranged with pose proudly after the awards dinner. Advisor Al Lawrence. Future Farmers begin welding as Green Hands at Rush Springs and progress through more complex exercises. The local welding concern uses the vo-ag students after school hours in such areas as tack welding and production line welding on pickup bumpers. It's experience that is valuable for Future Farmers planning to have a farm shop.

The Clines welcome the chance to hire FFA members, and some ha\e even stayed on at the shop after graduation.

Proof of communitN' cooperation is the enthusiasm both employer and students r300% ° PROFIT For Your Chapter With NO INVESTMENT!

Lace and sell "Ready to Lace" plastic wallets. Many different patterns and colors. Will out- wear almost all leather wallets.

WE INSTRUCT YOU SO THAT YOU CAN LACE A WALLET IN 30 OR 40 MINUTES. History of the Breed Other fund-raising projects:

• Birthday or Activity Calendar • Textbook Covers • Household Hint Book The Appaloosa • Sport Schedule Project

For details wifh no obligation FROM ANCIENT Chinese and Per- Apalouse and Apalousie and later Ap- sian art dating hack some 500 years paloosa. The rich land dominated by WRITE TO before the birth of Christ has come the Nez Perce was soon to be plowed evidence of the muhi-colored Appaloosa after the American Civil War, and pas- JJ^ilso/i P/i/stirs, Inc. horse. Records are scarce on their be- ture lands were fenced for domestic ginning, but historians believe that early stock. Appaloosas dwindled in number BOX 8 517 Appaloosas were loaded aboard trading and were scattered over the expanding SOUTH CHARLESTON, West Virginia ships in the early 1600's and brought West. Today the descendents of these across the ocean to Mexico from the early Appaloosas are found in almost Near East. every state in the U. S. Once used for It was here that the wandering plains war, racing, and buffalo hunting, they new Indians came across these rare-colored have become the stock horse or pleasure on michigan horses on the Mexican Peninsula. The mount of present day riders. avenue's spread of the Indian tribes northward Appaloosas are intelligent horses with "magnificent mile" placed the horses in the Nez Perce Tribe quiet, gentle dispositions. These quali- about the year 1730. Early white ex- ties coupled with endurance and speed, CHICAGO plorers found these spotted horses only make them ideal stock and pleasure within this group of Indians living in the horses. Recent surveys among Appa- area covered of loosa 800 modern rooms, now by parts Oregon, owners found 63 percent using and suites newly Washington, and Idaho. The Nez Perce them for stock purposes, 30 percent list- had chosen them for their unusual han- ing pleasure uses, and the remaining refurbished . . . air conditioning dling qualities and characteristic mark- owners listing anything from show to

and TV . . . ings, breeding them in preference to all jumping to drill. This indicates the

municipal parking . . other breeds. many roles the modern Appaloosa can a choice hotel in For the next 100 years, the Nez Perce assume. an excellent location carefully bred their horses, forming The Appaloosa ranges in height from Smgles from $7 them into a distinct type. The lush sum- 14.2 to 15.3 hands, and weighs from Doubles from $12 mer range among the hills and meadows 950 to 1,175 pounds. In appearance, of the Northwest, coupled with winter the Appaloosa is completely distinctive, HOME OF THE shelter in the canyons of the Snake, as no two have identical patterns of TIP TOP TAP Palouse, and Clearwater Rivers, made markings. They are mottled, having an the area ideal for horse production. irregular spotting of black and white, Carefully, the Indians traded off in- most of this being over the hips. Al- ferior stock to neighboring tribes. Un- though their coat patterns vary from desirable stallions were castrated, and specks to egg-shaped spots, all have eyes ideal stock was bred and rebred for the encircled by white the same as a human young Indian braves. The Nez Perce eye. Many mares are a mottled roan raced their horses, eliminating the slow over their entire body. ones. Close contact with people brought With breed headquarters at Mo.scow, out the gentle, quiet disposition we now Idaho, the Appaloosa Horse Club had know in the Appaloosa. over 15,000 horses registered at last ;701 N. Michigan at Huron St. The colorful horses of this Palouse count. Their job is to promote and co- '%ti^., TEL: SDperigr 7-4200 River area came to be called Palouse ordinate the "western stock horse that fSgh-:,,, TWX: 312-222-0485 horses. A Palouse became slurred to is a pleasure to ride."

The National FUTURE FARMER Last year's users say:

"Free-choice Rid-Ezy

stops horn flies"

Control liorn flies effectively j'usi; by feeding something?

Many cattlemen naturally were skeptical last summer when MoorMan's announced that free-choice feeding of Medicated Rid-Ezy" would do the job. It had worked in seven years of MoorMan Research — with cattle on our own Research Farms and in tests with cooperating farmers and

ranchers in 14 states. But cost-conscious cattlemen still

wondered: "Will it really work with my cattle?"

Now the answers are in from ranchers and farmers in many m parts of the country. Free-choice feeding of Rid-Ezy to cattle

on grass does stop horn flies, say thousands of last year's users.

"Excellent control all summer" . , . "Same horn fly control

as with once-a-week spraying" . . . "Makes the cow's tail obsolete." Those are typical reports.

But does the investment in Rid-Ezy pay off? Here's what

users say: "Cattle could graze instead of fight flies." . . .

"Heaviest calves I've ever weaned" . . . "Cattle keep right on

' gaining through dry, hot weather" . . . "Can't afford not to use it.

Free-choice feeding of Rid-Ezy — blocks or granular — is easy, too. And it provides a complete combination of needed minerals as well as a systemic insecticide to break the liorn fly cycle.

Your MoorMan Man

has all the details about safe, summer-long feeding of Medicated JioonMam Rid-Ezy to rid grazing cattle of

both horn flies and cattle grubs,

I Mfg. Co., Quincy, Illinois

Jtine-July, 1964 exposure setting than on grass or less reflective surfaces.

Check your flash attachment. If it isn't fixed in one position, you can use it to bounce light off the walls and ceil- ings to get the eff'ect of regular room lighting. This can be done by simply opening your lens two openings more than normal and pointing the flash reflector at a ceiling or wall opposite the subject. It won't be necessary to turn off the regular house lights. They won't affect the exposure. A novel way to get good flash pictures is by using the -and your photograph will be extension sockets found blurred. on many camera flash attachments. Re-' place the regular bulb Try flash lighting outdoors even in of a nearby table or bridge sunlight when taking pictures under 15 lamp with a "screw base" flashbulb; then plug the feet. You won't have to change the cord of the into exposure, incidentally, unless the subject lamp the flashgun. Set the extension lamp to the side or behind the sub- is less than six feet from you. The flash- ject bulb in sunlight will give you better at about one-half the distance you are away with photos, free from rash shadows. Also, the camera. This technique will the extra light serves to lighten deep "edge-light" the hair and pleasing shadows around the eyes and lends ad- produce shadows. You won't have to change your regular exposure SUMMER on the farm, and days ditional sparkle to facial features. Re- IT'S setting; just be sure the switch is will be filled with chores, haying, member, with >'our subject not looking lamp on it will flash and chasing those pesky stray into the sun, you can catch the smile so at the same time. calves. You can capture some of these instead of the squint. Color snaps are at their best on clear,

experiences, plus those off-farm week- If your subject is to be taken close-up bright days when you can use fast shut- end trips, on film by knowing a few of at from three to seven feet, try placing ter speeds and small lens openings. Be these summer photo tips. a handkerchief over the face of the flash sure to use outdoor fill-in flash to com- The best photographs tell a story. reflector. This reduces the light by about pensate for bright shadows on your sub- Your subjects should be '"doing." not one-half, as well as improves the ex- ject. For indoor color flash, bear in mind just "being." Action makes your pic- posure and softens strong shadows com- that colored surfaces will reflect colored tures interesting not only to you but also mon in close-up work. light. Unless your walls are white, steer to your friends. When taking still or Check to make sure you aren't aim- clear of bounce-flash techniques. action shots, make sure you find the ing directly at a highly reflective surface Here are some final outdoor camera camera angle that sets off your subject such as a window, mirror, or polished pointers: (1) Bring the camera with best. Check several angles through your object. Shoot at an angle to the reflect- plenty of flash and film. (2) Keep the viewfinder; pick the best for your shot: ing surface if you can't move your camera handy, not back in the car. (3) then shoot away. And it's worth remem- subject. Carry a small notebook to keep track bering that an experienced photographer When >our subject is near a pond or of names and places you might forget. generally shoots from several different on a beach, use the sand and water as a (4) Include localized backgrounds such angles and vantage points to get one giant reflector. You can shoot with the as road signs or buildings to help you good picture. sun as a sidelight at normal or slightly link the places and people. Always press the shutter release all slower speeds. And for even more These long, eventful days of summer

the way down SLOWLY. If you do it dramatic effect, try using the sun as a can be >ours for \ears to come with a in one quick shove, you may cause the backlight reflecting off the water or sand. camera, some film, and a bit of "know- camera to move at the instant the shutter Either way you'll need less camera how."

The closer you are to your subject when using flash, the

less noticeable will be the shadow effect of the sun. In

backing off a little, you will get a more artistic effect.

Flash eliminates unsightly shadows and makes possible a sharp, brilliantly detailed photo. Note difference with

no flash with left photo, flash fill-in with right photo.

\ The National FLIT RE FARMER Single-Shot

for only $22.95

How many times have you haid a perfect shot in the fiel(J . . . an(j wishecJ you had a rifle? This summer take those shots with Ithaca's lightweight, accurate single-shot .22, the Saddlegun.

5 SADDLEGUN MODELS Styled after the famous gun that laid down the law in the Old West, the standard SAODLEGUN $22.95 Standard Magnum $ 25.95 Saddlegun is rugged enough to go anywhere, accurate enough to hit any- Deluxe SADDLEGUN (fancy wood, thing sling, gold-plated hammer and you aim for — from plinking at cans to smacking down varmints. trigger) $ 29.95 Made to be carried, it measures just 34V2", weighs only 5V2 lbs. And it's Deluxe Magnum $ 34.95 Presentation SADDLEGUN $100.00 chambered for .22 shorts, longs and long rifle cartridges, with a special Presentation Magnum $125.00 Magnum model available. OPTIONAL SADDLEGUN ACCESSORIES Micrometer Peep Sight (installed) $ 6.00 The Saddlegun is safe, too. Its "rebounding hammer" acts Weaver B-4 Scope Sight independently (installed) $ 9.75 of the lever action: It must be hand-cocked before the gun will fire. This means double safety—a point of real interest to you and your parents. The barrel is of blued steel, made for great strength and accuracy. Stock and forend are of solid, handsome American walnut. This is a gun that is a ITHACA'S SEMIAUTOMATIC pleasure to own as well as to shoot. The X-15 LIGHTNING .22. Super-

accurate, doubly safe . . . built for real use and abuse. With 7- See the Saddlegun, at your Ithaca franchised Sporting Goods Dealer. Buy shot clip magazine $ 44.95 Optional X-15 Accessaries it . . . and get an extra bang out of farming this summer! Weaver B-4 Scope Sight $ 9.75 Weaver B-6 Scope Sight $ 12.50 Meantime, send 25« to Dept. NFF-6 for your copy of the new 1964 Ithaca Gun Catalog — loaded with guns and shooting tips!

EXPERTS' CHOICE SINCE 18 80

INCORPORATED ITHACA. NEW YORK

Ithaca alto make*: the DEERSLAVERs, amazing FEATHERLIGHTS*. SINGLE BARREL TRAP 6UNS and new FEATHERLIGHT (un eases. Pest Shooting For Sport

By Joe Undiiska

Tlie Mary Moodchiick, found almost e^erj- wliere. makes an ideal summer pest to hunt. This expert passes

on tips for you.

Miss the woodchuck with your first shot? Hurry to his ,«,'. 1 hole; then wait a short distance behind it. He often «^ -. ^ A-."* '''-----, '^i^^* comes back out after a while to see if you have gone.

GROUNDHOG, woodchuck. whis- a prone position. you'll quickly graduate from this type tle pig, or marmot. Call him The groundhog is a tough target, and of hunting to precision shooting with what you will, he's a prime hunt- an animal shot in the body invariably one of the high velocity, center-fire ing target wherever he occurs. And will make it to the burrow. Try to loads. One of the best in densely set- that's nearly every place. approach close enough for a head or tled farming areas is the .222 Reming- This rodent has a king-sized capacity chest shot. As you'll learn, these ani- ton. In a bolt action rifle, mounted with for clover, alfalfa, and other choice mals are wary and keen of eye. You'll a si.x- or eight-power scope, you can forage. It's this ravenous appetite, to- be disappointed on many stalking at- expect to connect regularly at 200 yards. gether with his habit of tearing up the tempts, and on those occasions try this; And if you use a rest and sandbags to landscape, that brings him in conflict As soon as the animal pops into the steady your aim when shooting prone, with farmers. burrovs. hasten to the den; then sit 300-yard kills are not unusual. quietly 30 feet behind the opening. With the warm days of spring, hiber- or 40 Even longer shots are possible by Usually in a few minutes the animal nation ends and groundhogs appear on going to one of the rifles in the 6 mm. will facing away. Have your pastures, hayfields, and rocky slopes. emerge class, such as the 243 Winchester, 244 rifle in head They breed soon after emerging, and body and position for the Remington, or 6 mm. Remington. The shot which is offered as the animal cau- four to si.\ young are born 31 to 33 last-mentioned is a new load, just out. tiously peers out. Use hollow point days later. They're the size of a meadow Its 100-grain bullet leaves the muzzle bullets in the long rifle load, and be- mouse and blind and hairless. A few at 3,190 feet per second and is still tween hunts, sight your gun periodically weeks later they emerge as squirrel- hurrying along at 2,420 feet per second parents. so you know precisely where it's shoot- sized replicas of the at 300 yards. Trajectory is important ing at ranges out to 50 yards. Chuck hunting is becoming such a If vou're like most chuck hunters. (Continued on Pa'^e 52) popular sport that some hunters have their own conservation program. In- The real challenge in woodchuck shooting lies in the long shots from 300 up to stead of shooting adults when they first 500 yards. Arthur Elliott tries a 300-yard shot using a .222 caliber Remington. emerge in the spring, they delay until reproduction has occurred and the young appear above ground. This measure at least doubles the number available for hunting, for this is one sport that runs the gamut from plinking with a .22 to precision shooting with elab- orate equipment. Many hunters use the farm boy's standby, a .22 rim-fire. This caliber is accurate within a limited range, and its effective use on chucks requires careful stalking. After locating your quarry, ease into range by using the natural cover of a fence row. gulley bottom, or some similar obstruction between you and the chuck. The final stalk may be on hands and knees or in . . '

C. R. Griffith is a citrus rancher in California's Ojai Valley. He rides herd on

his orange trees with this Honda Trail 55. "Takes me places I can't get to with

a pick-up," Mr. Griffith told us. "I use it to check wind gauges, irrigation equip-

ment and do a hundred other jobs I used to do on foot." Enthusiastic reports like this explain why Honda is fast becoming the nation's most versatile farm vehicle. For address of your nearest ^^^\ |V I |p^^ ^% dealer or other information, write: ^"Tj^^^^l ^^ m^J^^^^. American Honda Motor Co., Inc., Dept. ^^^ ^ y^^„ BY, 100 West Alondra, Gardena, Calif. Cj^^tOcC-^UD

HONDA TRAIL 55 FEATURES

Horsepower ... 5BHP

Engine . . . 4-stroke design aids braking because of superior deceleration qualities

Climbing Ability . . . . . 45° slope or more 1

Gasoline Capacity . . . . 1% gallons (Range: 130 to 187 miles)

... 250 lbs. plus rider \

Brakes . . . Front and rear '

Shock Absorbers . . . . . Hydraulically dampened front and rear

Tires . . . Rugged "knobby" type for extra traction

Frame . . . "Step-through" design for easy mounting

Clutch . . . Automatic centrifugal clutch -standard equipment INSPECT YOUR GUNS

THIS EVENING! ^

A few minutes time with Hoppe's products will remove all rust, primer, dust and moisture. Keep your guns reliable and ready to go SEND FOR FREE GUN CLEANING GUIDE FRANK A. HOPPE. INC. 2339 N. Eighth St., Phila. 33, Pa

I SAVE $50 TO SIOOI Convert old bicycle frame A western woodchuck hunter checks out the grassy slopes from a van- for as little as $4.95, plus tage point high ridge. it small welding job. Step- on a Rocky outcrops make an ideal habitat. by-step PLANS, photos stiow you how. PLANS, $2.00 (refundable). Wheels, clutches, kits at Factory Discount Prices. Order Plans today. Pest Shooting n GILLIOM MFG. CO.. Dept. NFF-6. St. Cha For Sport Couwmed

A binder to hold copies of your ' dP-lNiiif^* i)MHKS...1W^ II in chuck hunting, and the flat shooting National Magazine 6 mm. is only 6.5 inches low at 300 ^^^ • Dark blue with gold yards when sighted to hit the point of ^M lettering tgf^ aim at 200 yards. calibers ^^^^^a Holds up to 18 issues These are ^^^^jHP^^a Issues easily inserted all adequate for game up to the size ^^^PGn^JJjM and removed individ- of deer, and using them on chucks ygH^^^B $3.00 EACH combines summer sport with practice W^^^^m 2 for for deer season. Send or money ^^^^^Bl In long-range ^^^Ki order chuck hunting, accu- ^^^^^Kjf The National racy is more important than the speed with which the second shot can be fired. ^^^^^ Alexandria. Virginia Since bolt actions are inclined to be more accurate than pump actions and autoloaders, most determined chuck This big will hunters use this style. And, of course, woodchuck no longer raid VACCINATE and BE SAFE! long shots make scope sighting a must. the author's garden. His son got him. Profeet with The new variable power types, such as 3X to 9X, make it possible to use rain, or other inclement weather will the same equipment for groundhogs often keep them in their burrow all day COLORADO in summer and big game in fall. long. Veterinary Biologicals You'll quickly learn in chuck hunting Most hunters drive the farm lanes and that the animals responsive to back roads in scouting the animals. Backed by 40 years of are weather. They are active on quiet, Sunny sidehills or most any well-drained producing the finest sunny days, particularly in early morn- slope may contain a den; and give a Vaccines and Serums. ing and late afternoon. In hot weather long look down brushy fence rows and

Produced under Govemmant supervision they hole-up through midday; and wind. along the edge of thickets and the bor-

free illuttrated book gives lull details der of brushpiles. They love to burrow COLORADO SERUMCO. in, or adjacent to. such wood\ cover. 4958 YORK ST DENVEII COtO.B0216 A pair of binoculars is extremely helpful in spotting the animals, espe- cially as the season advances and vegetable growth gets tall. The hunting of

Delaware Valley College hay fields is best done in early spring before growth hides the animals or of Science and Agriculture following cuttings. On pasturelands, chucks are easily spotted throughout A private college for liberal arts education with the summer months, but special care agriculture. should be exercised where such fields B.S. degree programs offered in: are being used by livestock. AGRONOMY CHEMISTRY BIOLOGY pleasurable as chuck hunting is. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY FOOD INDUSTRY As DAIRY HUSBANDRY HORTICULTURE no one target is worth risking damage ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE to property or injury to a farm animal Picturesque 25-acre campus. 500 acres in farms. New or a human. Be sure of your target dormitories and gymnasium. Infercollegiate sports. Moderate tuition. Financial aid. Fully accredited. and be sure, too, that the backdrop is Write Admissions Office, for catalog and Dept. O, the misses. further Information. adequate to contain They Doylestown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania happen, now and again, even with the

"Have YOU . . . been waited on?" best of us.

The National FUTURE FARMER ADVERTISERS INDEX

APPAREL & HOBBIES

Future Farmers Supply Service 6 H. D. Lee Company 18 Winchester Western DIv.-Olin 37 Wilson Plastics, Inc 46 Hhaca Gun Company 49 Frank A. Hoppe, Inc 52

FARM EQUIPMENT THE longest driver on the golf

courses is young Jack Nicklaus of Allls-Chdimers . . 2 Cokimbus. Ohio, who consistently drives Lincoln Electric Company 6 Keystone Steel & Wire Company 15 the hall close to 300 yards. He is the Wisconsin Motor Corporation 18 brightest star on today's professional Vlassey-Ferguson 19 tour. New Holland 56 Jack received his first set of clubs when only 10 years old and was soon FEED & SUPPLIES shooting in the low 80"s. A natural a around athlete in his school years, he Ralston Purina Company 5

played basketball, football, baseball, and The Kraft Foods Company lO-l I was a member of the track team. His Albers Milling Company 14 Morton golf game improved so steadily that he Chemical Company 33 DuPont 41 qualified for his first National Amateur Jack Nicklaus sinks a pu+t. Funk Bros. Seed Company 43 Championship in 1955 when only 15 MoorMan's 47 won a total of $61,S6S in play. years old. He lost that match the He PGA on Colorado Serum Company 52 Adding his $50,000 purse from the im- final hole, but it made Jack decide that a golf career was for him. oflicial World Series of Golf, his total winnings from golf amounted to an GENERAL He beat professionals in the Ohio amazing $111,868. He easily won Open in 1956 but soon went into a U. S. Army 35 "Rookie of the Year" honors. slump. His win of the National Amateur Official FFA Calendar . . 38 Jack's first win in 1963 came in Championship in 1959 seemed to get February when he won the Palm Springs him back on the right track. Selected LIVESTOCK Classic. He traveled to Augusta, Geor- as a member of the United States Walk- American Cheviot Sheep Society gia, in April to win his first Masters er Cup Team, he won an amazing 29 National Suffolk Sheep Assn. . Tournament. At the age of 23, he be- out of 30 matches and sparked his team American Quarter Horse Assn. came the youngest player ever to win to a win over the British. Jack was then that event. His victories last year in- invited to play in the amateur division cluded the Tournament of Champions, SCHOOLS of the 1960 U. S. Open Tournament at the Championship, and the Sahara Beery School of Horsemanship Denver. He finished second to Arnold PGA

Invitational in addition to placing high Delav/are Valley College . . Palmer by only two strokes, the highest in the money in 12 other tournaments. Bob Jones University finish by an amateur in 27 years. He finished second in PGA money win- Invited to the U. S. Open again in nings last year with $100,040. Adding TRANSPORTATION & TRAVEL 1961, Jack finished fourth. However, his winnings from unofficial matches. he did win the '61 National Amateur Firestone Tire & Rubber Company 3 his total winnings amounted to $152,- Championship again. It was the seventh Texaco, Inc. .7 903.96, which topped the list. time he had qualified for that event. Triumph Corporation .8 Jack's scoring Perfect Circle Corporation 9 After the Open, he went to Mexico to average of 70.42 strokes The B. F. Goodrich Company 13 help the United States win the America's topped the pro ranks, too, but since the 17 did not then consider him a Class International Trucks Cup against Canada and Mexico. It was PGA AC Spark Plug Division, General after this A player, he was not eligible for the event that Nicklaus decided to Motors Corporation 31 turn professional. Vardon Trophy. All in all, this was a Allerton Hotel , , . 46 Jack got off to a slow start on the pro good year for a 23-year-old golfer. He American Honda Motor Company 51 traveled to France to team up with tour and finished 50th in his first tourna- Gilliom Manufacturing Company 52 ment, the Los Angeles Open. His game Arnold Palmer to win the Canada Cup for the United States, the soon began to jell as he finished second becoming in the Thunderbird Classic and then individual champion. went on to the U. S. Open at Oakmont, Going into the middle of February, These companies have many prod- Pennsylvania. 1964, Jack had entered tournaments He and Arnold Palmer two ucts and Information about the use ot battled to a tie at 283 strokes: then and had won one. At that point he was Jack their products to guide your planning. won the play-oflF by three strokes. The leading in official winnings. Just 24 now Graduation time is a good time to get 22-year-old youngster had beaten the with better than 10 years of competitive Information about their products and great Palmer at his specialty, a play-off. experience behind him, he has the services for use In your farming pro- The pros were beginning to take notice potential to set an Ail-Time Tourney or In seeking career opportuni- of Jack Nicklaus now. Win record that will stand for a long gram ties. Check the ads and write the com- A professional golfer's standing is time. He has all of the shots of the game measured by the amount of money he and a good temperament to go with his pany or clip their handy coupon. It's wins, and Jack set a record in his rookie youth. A healthy Jack Nicklaus could an easy way to stay up with the new year that could stand for a long time. soon become "King of the Links."' and exciting developments.

June-July, 1964 53 The Rrsf One Doesn'f Have A Chahce/

At the traffic window in our court- Charlie, the Green Hand house, the man ahead of me looked dis- pleased as he paid his fine. When the clerk handed him a receipt, he growled, "What do I do with this?" "Keep it," said the clerk cheerfully. "When you get 10 of them, yon get a bicycle." Ronald Ericksen Nebraska City, Nebraska

Tenderfoot: "How can 1 tell mushrooms from toadstools?" Second class scout: "Eat some before you go to bed. If you wake up the next morning, they're mushrooms." Floyd Strader Rock Cave, West Virginia

He: "Girls don't interest me. I prefer the companionship of the boys in my class."

Him: "Yeah . . . I'm broke, too!" David Mikkelson Minot, North Dakota

Jackie's aunt from the country was Charlie, turti down your transistor The neighbors are complainini. visiting at his house. She was a pleasant woman, weighing about 200 pounds. In a small town the sheriff was also Among the many puzzling words in

On the night of her arrival, Jackie the veterinarian. Late one night he re- the English language is the word "econ- wanted to stay up later than usual. ceived a frantic phone call. "Do you omy," which means the large size in "Why, Jackie," his aunt said, "I'm want me as a sheriff or a vet?" he asked. soap flakes and the small size in auto- so much older than you, and 1 go to "Both," came the reply. "IVe can't mobiles. bed with the chickens every night." get our dog's mouth open, and there's Dick Medina Jackie studied her in silence for a a burglar in it," Ordway. Colorado while and then said wonderingly, "/ William Habeck Now I lay me down to sleep; don't see how you ever get up on the A dell, Wisconsin The teacher's dull, the lecture deep. roost." A little boy was walking down the If he should quit before I wake. Jack Griffith street with a little brown dog when Kick me hard, for goodness' sake! Audubon, Iowa around the corner came a man with a Jerry Halloran big boxer. Suddenly the boxer broke Eyota, Minnesota away from the man and ran toward the Two leopards in the zoo had just fin- boy and dog. ished their lunch. One sat back and When all at once the little brown dog sighed in contentment: "Mmm! That opened his mouth and swallowed the really hit the right spots." big boxer, the amazed man asked, Pat Michael "IVhat kind is that?" of dog Goshen, Indiana The little hoy replied. "Before my father cut off his tail and painted him brown, he was an alligator." William Silcott Chillicothc, Ohio

I borrowed $20.00 from a man, and last week he came around to collect. When he asked where his money was,

I replied, "I'm broke. Rementber, you can't get blood out of a turnip." So he hit me smack in the nose. My nose bled, which proves one thing: I'm no turnip! we'll 'This year we're gonna raise crops un- Sherman Mudd "Oh. Charles . . . does this mean touched bv human hands." Millwood, Kentucky nnss the school dance?"

Tlic National Fi TLiRP. Farmir will pay $1 far each joke publishcil on .lokes must be submitted on poM an (Is addressed to Tlic National Future Farmer, .Alexandria, '2.106. In ca.w o) diiplica- tion, payment will he made for the first one received. Contributions ca cknowledged or returned. Ph.D. MAKES GOOD So what? Aren't Ph.D.'s expected to make good? Eugene Merrill happens to hold a doctor of philosophy degree from Bob Jones University; but this is not the measure of his success— not in God's eyes anyway.

God wanted Gene to preach. Gene wanted a surely be a compromise acceptable to God. Not career in dramatics. One day, while reading a so! After only a few days on campus, God im- national news magazine, he came upon a feature pressed on him so strongly the call to preach that story on Bob Jones University. To his delight, Gene could resist no longer. In submission to God, his talents were not wasted. In fact, Gene the iUtrrVe/i ///ot7~ L/nuj^ujJ. (yniutAj.iTT' took an undergraduate double major in Bible and was pictured as "placing a red carpet of culture on in speech. the sawdust aisle." Here one could get professional Doctor Merrill has "made good" because Gene radio, TV, and dramatic training in an orthodox. discovered while a college freshman that to be Christian framework. This, Gene thought, would conquered by Christ is great gain. BOB JONES UNIVERSITY Stands without apology for the "old-time religion" and the absolute authority of the Bible. Music, speech, and art without additional aost above regular academic tuition. Institute of Christian Service, Academy, and seventh and ejghth grades in connection. Graduate Schools of Religion and Fine Arts. REGULAR SUMMER SESSION JUNE1-JULY4 POST SESSION: JULY 6 - JULY 24 GREENVILLE, SOUTH CAROLINA .

UNIVAC helps us keep track of each parts life history!

to make your next New Holland machines last even longer!

Univac' electronic brain (top pfioto) helps New Holland build better farm equipment like the Crop-Cruiser (lower photo)

In designing newer, better, more scientific farm machinery Rand Corporation. Today, Univac provides a wealth of use-

it's a big help to have accurate past performance data on ful data for New Holland engineers . . . and the result is

parts and materials. more rugged, more reliable machinesb forlur every farmer.idriiier .

This step think- But how to trace the "life histories" of 25,000 different "one ahead" ing is another reason forthe built- parts in hundreds of thousands of New Holland machines? to-last construction farmers

To help find the answer. New Holland uses a Univac everywhere expect in equipment electronic brain, produced by another division of Sperry made by New Holland.

NEW HOLLAND MACHINE COMPANY DIVISION OF SPERRY RAND CORPORATION, NEW HOLLAND, PA. First in Grassland Farming