College of Engineering Department of Architecture

History of Architecture

4th year – 1st Semester

M.S.C. Madyan Rashan

Academic Year 2018-2019 Lecture Information

Course name History of Architecture Lecture’s title Post Modernism (3) Lecturer Madyan Rashan Lecturer’s Information [email protected] [email protected] +9647703315409 The objective This lecture explains the idea of post-modernism, and how it shaped the 2nd part of the 20th century’s architecture. Previous Lecture

 Characteristics of Post Modernism Michael Graves

 Michael Graves was an American architect.  His designs were known for being iconic examples of the postmodern movement.  His designs had a classical touch, since he used the classical elements in his works.  He was also known for colorful products. Michael Graves

 Michael Graves (b. 1934) began his professional career working in a modernist direction together with four other New York architects— Richard Meier, Charles Gwathmey, Peter Eisenman, and John Hejduk—who became known as the New York Five, or the Whites, for their devotion to that color in their works.  Graves pulled away from this group, however, and moved in a more post-modern direction, embracing decorative details, strong color, and forms drawn from classical architecture that might seem arbitrary and even eccentric. Michael Graves  HE HAS A DEEP INTEREST IN EXISTING ARCHITECTURE :- ANCIENT, NEO- CLASSICAL, MODERN - & DERIVES PLEASURE FROM REINTERPRETING IT’S FORMS & COMPOSITIONS.  HE GIVES CREDENCE TO THE BASIC TENET THAT THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS AN ORIGINAL IDEA BUT THAT EVERYTHING ORIGINAL IS BASED ON THE REWORKING OF WHAT ALREADY EXISTS.  ALTHOUGH ADMITTEDLY MORE UNDERSTANDABLE TO THE TRAINED EYE, IS A PASSIONATE & SOMETIMES PLAYFUL INTEREST IN REWORKING THE COMMONLY ACCEPTED LANGUAGE OF ARCHITECTURE INTO A UNIQUELY PERSONAL EXPRESSION OF WHAT IT MIGHT BECOME, WITHOUT LOSING IT’S IDENTITY.  THE REWORKING OF WHAT EXISTS INTO WHAT IS UNKNOWN BUT STILL RECOGNIZABLE IS THE GOAL.

 HUMANA BUILDING, Michael Graves  HIS CONTINUALLY EVOLVING EXPERIMENTATION WITH ARCHITECTURAL FORM & LANGUAGE AT THE LEVEL OF ABSTRACTION & FIGURATION, SCALE & COLOR, SIZE & STRUCTURAL SYSTEM IS SUCH THAT, THERE IS EMERGANCE OF NEW IDEAS WITHOUT DENYING EXISTANCE OF TRADITIIONS. Michael Graves

The Portland building, USA

Team Disney building, Burbank, USA Michael Graves

Humana Building in Louisville, USA

NCAA Hall of Champions in Indianapolis, USA Michael Graves  Graves designed the interiors of several showrooms for the Sunar Furniture Company (no longer in business) in 1979.  complex of chambers with unusual forms and contrasts of bright and pastel colors created striking backdrops for office furniture, including some of Graves’s own design. Michael Graves  ARCHITECTURAL DETAILS  1) BUILT FORM  INFLUENCED BY THE ROMAN STYLE, GRAVES TRIED TO CREATE GRAND INTERIOR SPACES BUT BROKEN DOWN TO HUMAN SCALE. Michael Graves  ARCHITECTURAL DETAILS  2). WINDOWS  IT FORMS THE BASIC ELEMENT AS SURFACE TEXTURE, DUE TO THEIR PROPORTION & REPETITION.

 PORTLAND BUILDING  WALT DISNEY DOLPHIN HOTEL Michael Graves  ARCHITECTURAL DETAILS  3). WHETHER THE EMPHASIS OF THE BUILDING IS PRIMARILY HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL, A HIERARCHIAL ROUTE IS ESTABLISHED THROUGH THE REPETITIVE SPACES. Charles Moore

 Charles Moore was an American architect.  He was a lead postmodernist.  In his designs, he used the classical elements, ornamentation and historical details to a point which made it his famous feature.  He also used some non traditional materials for historical elements, like aluminum and shiny plastic. Charles Moore

 Piazza d’ Italia, New Orleans, USA Philip Johnson

 Philip Johnson was an American architect.  He was one of the most innovative architects of his time.  It is really hard to classify him within a style, because he had the ability to change his style.  His work started with modernism, continued through the postmodernism, and until his final shift towards the contemporary styles like deconstruction. Philip Johnson

 The beginning of his work was with the modern movement, where he built one of the most important buildings, the glass house. Philip Johnson

 He also participated in the design of the Seagram building along with Mies van der Rohe.  He continued working on the modern style till the end of the 70’s.  JOHNSON WAS AMONG THE FIRST TO EXPERIMENT WITH ALL-GLASS FACADES, AND BY THE 1980S SUCH BUILDINGS HAD BECOME COMMONPLACE THE WORLD OVER.

Pennzoil Place, Chicago Philip Johnson

 After that he shifted to the postmodernism, where he created some of the most beautiful building within the style.  One of the most iconic designs is the AT&T building. Philip Johnson

 Crystal Cathedral, California Philip Johnson PPG Place, Pennsylvania

Bank of America, Texas Philip Johnson

 Later Philip Johnson would change his style again towards some of the contemporary styles, like the high-tech architecture or the deconstruction style.

Gate of Europe, Madrid