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Resignations and Removals: a History of Federal Judicial Service-And Disservice-1789-1992
RESIGNATIONS AND REMOVALS: A HISTORY OF FEDERAL JUDICIAL SERVICE-AND DISSERVICE-1789-1992 EMILY FIELD VAN TASSEL- Thomas Jefferson's dismay over the failed impeachment of Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase in 1805 led him later to complain that "impeachment is not even a scarecrow."1 Subse- quent events have proven Jefferson wrong. Although the full panoply of the impeachment process has been used rarely, its existence has given Congress an impressively big stick to wield in persuading miscreant judges to leave the bench.2 Since Jefferson's time, our experience has suggested two important conclusions about judicial discipline and removal. The first is that investigations, threats of investigations, and threats of impeachment can be very powerful tools in inducing judges to resign from office voluntarily. The second is that these tools have a great potential for misuse. Judicial independence is a core value supported by the constitu- tional structure of the federal judiciary. The appointment process, salary protection, and removal mechanism are all means to ensure that federal judges be independent and impartial in their decision- t Visiting Associate Professor, Widener University School of Law. This Article is dedicated to the memory of my brother, Dirck Van Tassel. An earlier version of this Article was prepared as a report to the National Commission onjudicial Discipline and Removal, while I was Associate Historian with the Federal judicial History Office of the Federal Judicial Center. The views and conclusions expressed in this Article are my own and do not necessarily represent the views of the FederalJudicial Center, which, on matters of policy, speaks only through its Board. -
A Short History and Some of the Graduates of the Department of Law of the University of Michigan Burke A
University of Michigan Law School University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository Miscellaneous Law School Publications Law School History and Publications 1908 A Short History and Some of the Graduates of the Department of Law of the University of Michigan Burke A. Hinsdale Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.law.umich.edu/miscellaneous Part of the Legal Education Commons Citation Hinsdale, Burke A., "A Short History and Some of the Graduates of the Department of Law of the University of Michigan" (1908). Miscellaneous Law School Publications. http://repository.law.umich.edu/miscellaneous/11 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School History and Publications at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Miscellaneous Law School Publications by an authorized administrator of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HINSDALE,BURKE A A short history and some of the granuates of the Department of law of the University o! Michigan. LAW LIBRARY MC 805 H665s A SHORT HISTORY AND SOME OF THE GRADUATES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LAW OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 'R.tprint from 'llit Jtficlritan Alumnus Jtfarch, 1908 .... .. ,. : .. .. .. ' . .. ... .. .. .. ..... TBB A!fN ARBOR P&BSS M4YMAJtD STllSBT A HISTORY OF THE LAW DEPARTMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY* Until recent years the great major by no means wholly passed away to ity of American lawyers received this day. The first American profes their professional training in lawyers' sorship of Law was founded in 'Wil offices. This system of legal educa liam and :Mary College, Virginia, in tion was introduced from England in 1782, and the first American Law colonial times, and took a firm hold School was established at Litchfield, both of the public and professional Connecticut, in 1783. -
Society H J0urnal
SOCIETY H J0URNAL VOLUME 3, NUMBER 1, APRIL, 1979 CONTENTS VOL. Ill, NO. 1 APRIL, 1979 EDITORS: Message from your Editor 2 Carolyn Pollan Amelia Martin Law Enforcement for Fort Smith 1851-1896 3 ASSOCIATE EDITORS: r 40 , M t. .. Cf , Our Contributors: Fort Smith Natl°nal HlStONC Slte 4 ChrisAllen Judge Isaac Charles Parker 7 Elizabeth Barry Edwin C. Bearss Quotations, Judge Isaac C. Parker 6 y;olet Burto" Poets and Poetry 8 Missy Carroll Carol Griffee In Search of Accuracy ..„ 9 Bryan Pratt PHOTOGRAPHIC STAFF: George Maledon, One Amongst Many 10 Gerald Shephard Orjgjn Qf Name "Marsnar and David King Creation of Federal Court System 12 Ramey Elliot INDEXING: Marshals for Federal Court With Jurisdiction Phil Miller Over The Fort Smith Area 12 Christine Allen Unsung Heroes Deputy Marshals of The Federal OFFICERS FORT SMITH Court For the Western District of AR, 1875-1896 19 HISTORICAL SOCIETY: , , n . t f T Iri , Pres Christine Allen A Lawyer s Appraisal of The Parker Court 27 ^ P' 1 •_• ^hl1 ^'ller Furnishing New Federal Jail 29 Sec. - Treas Thelma Wray Cor. Sec Violet Burton Birnie Brothers Funeral Home and Putman Funeral Home ... 34 Membership in Fort Smith Historical Society entitles member to publications of Judge John Henry Rogers 36 the Society. There will be no more than 4 nor less than 2 publications yearly. Our Oral History, Eleanor Boone Rogers 37 year begins Jan. 1 and ends Dec. 31. Fort Smith 1879 39 For membership, send dues with your name and mailing address to: Fort Smith Land Records 45 The Fort Smith Historical Society, Inc. -
Presidents and Speakers of the Colorado General Assembly
PRESIDENTS AND SPEAKERS OF THE COLORADO GENERAL ASSEMBLY A Biographical Portrait from 1876 Denver, Colorado 2016 Edition INTRODUCTION The Presidents and Speakers in this book are listed in chronological order by the years they held the office of President and/or Speaker. The President's term is four years and the Speaker's term is two years. Some of the Presidents and Speakers did not serve full terms, while others served more than one term. The first legislative session met from November 1, 1876, through March 20, 1877, and the succeeding sessions met every two years in the odd numbered years: 1879, 1881, 1883, etc., until 1950. Even though the Colorado General Assembly started to convene annually in 1950, the dates for the terms of office for both the President and Speaker begin on an odd-numbered year. Constitutional conventions and the transformation to statehood. As early as April of 1859, pioneers who had traveled to Cherry Creek in search of gold petitioned the United States Congress to create a territory for the area that would become Colorado. After a failed attempt to create the Territory of Jefferson, settlers in the gold fields remained under the jurisdiction of the Kansas Territory from 1859 to 1861. On February 26, 1861, Congress passed an organic act that established the Territory of Colorado. The new territory was constituted mainly from the western portion of the Kansas Territory, as well as smaller segments of the Nebraska, Utah, and New Mexico territories. During the next 15 years, from 1861 to 1876, citizens of the Colorado Territory made three attempts to attain statehood, in 1864, 1865, and 1876. -
Download a PDF Version of the Guide to African American Manuscripts
Guide to African American Manuscripts In the Collection of the Virginia Historical Society A [Abner, C?], letter, 1859. 1 p. Mss2Ab722a1. Written at Charleston, S.C., to E. Kingsland, this letter of 18 November 1859 describes a visit to the slave pens in Richmond. The traveler had stopped there on the way to Charleston from Washington, D.C. He describes in particular the treatment of young African American girls at the slave pen. Accomack County, commissioner of revenue, personal property tax book, ca. 1840. 42 pp. Mss4AC2753a1. Contains a list of residents’ taxable property, including slaves by age groups, horses, cattle, clocks, watches, carriages, buggies, and gigs. Free African Americans are listed separately, and notes about age and occupation sometimes accompany the names. Adams family papers, 1698–1792. 222 items. Mss1Ad198a. Microfilm reels C001 and C321. Primarily the papers of Thomas Adams (1730–1788), merchant of Richmond, Va., and London, Eng. Section 15 contains a letter dated 14 January 1768 from John Mercer to his son James. The writer wanted to send several slaves to James but was delayed because of poor weather conditions. Adams family papers, 1792–1862. 41 items. Mss1Ad198b. Concerns Adams and related Withers family members of the Petersburg area. Section 4 includes an account dated 23 February 1860 of John Thomas, a free African American, with Ursila Ruffin for boarding and nursing services in 1859. Also, contains an 1801 inventory and appraisal of the estate of Baldwin Pearce, including a listing of 14 male and female slaves. Albemarle Parish, Sussex County, register, 1721–1787. 1 vol. -
Colorado Magazine to Print the Follow Ing Article Written by Her Father.-Editor
THE COLOR A DO MA GA ZI NE Published Quarterly by The State Historical Society of Colorado Vol. XXXVII Denver, Colorado, July, 1960 Number 3 Forty Years in Colorado Mining Camps By CHARLES MCCLUNG LEONARD Charles McClung Leonard, born in May, 1860, on a farm in Big Lick Township, Hancock County, Ohio, lived there until 1876 with the exception of two years-1870 to 1872-when the family lived in Oberlin. Young Leonard came to Colorado with his family in 1876 where his father was seeking relief from asthma. Their first home was in Evans, then the county seat of Weld County. There Charles knew the half-breed sons of Elbridge Gerry, who were expert at breaking bronchos. He saw an army of grasshoppers move in and devour the crops which he and his brother Robert had grown with much hard labor. He played in the local band at the big Fourth of July celebration in honor of Colorado's statehood. On October 3, 1876, Charles' father, Abner Leonard, was elected to the state House of Representatives from Weld County. Soon the Leonard family moved to St. Louis [Loveland] where Abner Leonard bought a flour mill. Charles was not very satisfied in mill work so obtained work in a wholesale grocery store in Denver. In 1879 he went to the new mining camp called L eadville. During the next forty years he was at some time or other in most of the mining camps then active in Colorado. In 1894 he married Alice Walker who had come from Nebraska to teach at Red Mountain in San Juan County. -
SENATE JANUARY 24 the Senato·R from New York [Mr
480 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 24 The Senato·r from New York [Mr. sometimes, in my impatience at what SENATE WAGNER] 1s necessarily absent. may have seemed to be too lengthy de- Mr. SALTONSTALL. I announce that bate, referred to it as the most delibera MoNDAY, JANUARY 24, 1949 the senior Senator from Nebraska [Mr. tive body in the world. But be that as it The Chaplain, Rev. Peter Marshall, BUTLER], the Senator from Vermont [Mr. may, I believe that the United States D. D., offered the following prayer: FLANDERS], the Senator from New York Senate-and I say it with due apologies (Mr. IVES], the Senator from Indiana to any other legisla~ive body-is the Today, 0 Lord, as the Members of the [Mr. JENNER], the Senator from South greatest deliberative body, because there Senate pause in this moment of prayer, Dakota [Mr. MuNDT], and the junior is deliberation here, there is the right to we unite our petitions for Thy blessing Senator from Nebraska [Mr. WHERRY] speak; there is the right to be repre- upon Thy servant who, in his new ca are necessarily absent. sented; there is the right to express pacity, presides over this body. We The VICE PRESIDENT. Eighty-seven one's views, however much they may dis thank Thee for his long years of de.: Senators having answered to their names, agree with the views of other Members voted public service, for the testimony a quorum is present. of the Senate or with the people outside of his life and the inspiration of his the Senate. -
Presidents and Speakers of the Colorado General Assembly
PRESIDENTS AND SPEAKERS OF THE COLORADO GENERAL ASSEMBLY A Biographical Portrait from 1876 Denver, Colorado 2016 Edition INTRODUCTION The Presidents and Speakers in this book are listed in chronological order by the years they held the office of President and/or Speaker. The President's term is four years and the Speaker's term is two years. Some of the Presidents and Speakers did not serve full terms, while others served more than one term. The first legislative session met from November 1, 1876, through March 20, 1877, and the succeeding sessions met every two years in the odd numbered years: 1879, 1881, 1883, etc., until 1950. Even though the Colorado General Assembly started to convene annually in 1950, the dates for the terms of office for both the President and Speaker begin on an odd-numbered year. Constitutional conventions and the transformation to statehood. As early as April of 1859, pioneers who had traveled to Cherry Creek in search of gold petitioned the United States Congress to create a territory for the area that would become Colorado. After a failed attempt to create the Territory of Jefferson, settlers in the gold fields remained under the jurisdiction of the Kansas Territory from 1859 to 1861. On February 26, 1861, Congress passed an organic act that established the Territory of Colorado. The new territory was constituted mainly from the western portion of the Kansas Territory, as well as smaller segments of the Nebraska, Utah, and New Mexico territories. During the next 15 years, from 1861 to 1876, citizens of the Colorado Territory made three attempts to attain statehood, in 1864, 1865, and 1876. -
Presidents and Speakers of the Colorado General Assembly
PRESIDENTS AND SPEAKERS OF THE COLORADO GENERAL ASSEMBLY A Biographical Portrait from 1876 Denver, Colorado 2016 Edition INTRODUCTION The Presidents and S peakers in this book are listed in chronological order by the years they held the office of President and/or Speaker. The President's term is four years and the Speaker's term is two years. S ome of the Presidents and Speakers did not serve full terms, while others served more than one term. The first legislative session met from November 1, 1876, through March 20, 1877, and the succeeding sessions met every two years in the odd numbered years: 1879, 1881, 1883, etc., until 1950. E ven though the Colorado General Assembly started to convene annually in 1950, the dates for the terms of office for both the President and Speaker begin on an odd-numbered year. Constitutional conventions and the transformation to statehood. As early as April of 1859, pioneers who had traveled to Cherry Creek in search of gold petitioned the United States Congress to create a t erritory for the area that would become Colorado. After a f ailed attempt to create the Territory of Jefferson, settlers in the gold fields remained under the jurisdiction of the Kansas Territory from 1859 to 1861. On February 26, 1861, Congress passed an organic act that established the Territory of Colorado. The new territory was constituted mainly from the western portion of the Kansas Territory, as well as smaller segments of the Nebraska, Utah, and New Mexico territories. During the next 15 years, from 1861 to 1876, citizens of the Colorado Territory made three attempts to attain statehood, in 1864, 1865, and 1876. -
The Civil War Round Table of Central Louisiana, for His Support and Research Assistance
© 2015 Thomas M. Brennan Front cover photograph: William Smith, c. 1900. Cane River Creole National Historical Park, Interview, CARI 35008 Resource Management Records Collec tion, Series III Ethnographic & Oral History Collections, Interview 6: Johnetta Golden Conway and members of the William Smith and Solomon Williams Family. November 25, 1997. Front and back cover photograph: Oakland Plantation Blacksmith's Shop, Cane River Creole National Historical Park, CARI-143 Sandra "Sam" Prud'homme Haynie Collection 2 Acknowledgements The author is deeply indebted to several people who assisted with this work. A big "Thank You" and a tip of the chapeau to: Nathan Hatfield from the National Park Service ( NPS) at Cane River Creole National Historical Park in Bermuda, Louisiana: The original idea for this work was Nathan's and the author is honored that he was entrusted to tell William Smith's story. Without Nathan's encouragement and support this booklet would never have been written. Tim Van Cleave from the NPS at Cane River Creole National Historical Park, who reviewed the original draft and helped me with the revisions to the text. Dustin Fuqua, Chief of Resource Management for the NPS at Cane River Creole National Historical Park, for his encouragement, support, and help researching the information held at Cane River Creole. Donna Smith, NPS Historian, and Mary Williams, NPS Historian (retired) at Fort Davis National Historic Site in Fort Davis, Texas. Donna and Mary showed me true Texas hospitality and were of vital assistance in going through the Ninth Cavalry records stored at Fort Davis. Robert K. Sutton, Chief Historian of the National Park Service, whose review and critique of the original draft was invaluable. -
Why Judges Resign: Influences on Federal Judicial Service, 1789 to 1992
If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. Why Judges Resign: Influences on Federal Judicial Service, 1789 to 1992 146891 U.S. Department of Justice Natlonallnsmute of Justice This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the autllors and do not necessarily represent the oHicia1 position or policies of the Natlona11nstitute of Justice, Permission to reproduce this • r t 1 material has been gm.nletl.l:'U.Dl.J.C b.v • DomaJ.n, Federal JudJ.cJ.al Center to the National Criminal J~stlce Reference Service (NCJRS). Further reproduction outside of the NCJRS system requires permission of the~owner. :ral Judicial History Office !ral Judicial Center Why Judges Resign: Influences on Federal Judicial Service, 1789 to 1992 By Emily Field Van Tassel With Beverly Hudson Wirtz and Peter Wonders Federal Judicial History Office Federal Judicial Center 1993 Prepared for the National Commission on Judicial Discipline and Removal. Thb Federal Judicial Center publication was undertaken in furtherance of the Cen ter's statutory mission to conduct and stimulate research and development for the improvement of judicial administration. The views expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Federal Judicial Center. Table of Contents 1. Introduction I 2. Overview 5 The Growth of the Federal Judiciary 5 Changes in Judicial Tenure 7 Judicial Resignations as a Percentage of the Total Judiciary: Change Over Time 7 \'V'hy ] udges Resign 10 Age and/or health (including disability and pre-I9I9 retirement) 10 Appointment to other office/elected office 10 Dissatisfaction II Return to private practice, other employment, imdeq uate salary 12- Allegations of misbehavior (including impeachments and convictions) 17 3. -
Students, Patriotism, and Education at Midwestern Universities During the American Civil War
BETWEEN CAMPUS AND WAR: STUDENTS, PATRIOTISM, AND EDUCATION AT MIDWESTERN UNIVERSITIES DURING THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Julie A. Mujic May, 2012 Dissertation written by Julie A. Mujic B.S., Indiana University, 2001 M.A., Kent State University, 2005 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2012 Approved by ___________________________________, Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Dr. Leonne M. Hudson, Associate Professor ___________________________________, Members, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Dr. Lesley J. Gordon, Professor, University of Akron ___________________________________, Dr. J. Matthew Gallman, Professor, University of Florida ___________________________________, Dr. Yoshinobu Hakutani, Professor, Department of English ___________________________________, Dr. Patrick Coy, Professor, Center for Applied Conflict Management Accepted by ___________________________________, Chair, Department of History Dr. Kenneth Bindas ___________________________________, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences Dr. Timothy Moerland ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………iv Introduction: “The Safeguard of Civil Liberty”………………………………………….1 Part One: When They Leave Chapter One: A New Decade……………………………………………………28 Chapter Two: “The Real Game”…………………………………………………74 Chapter Three: An Altered Course……………………………………………..112 Part Two: When They Stay Chapter Four: Education as Patriotism…………………………………..……..148 Chapter