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Characterization of Strain PTV-2 USA/IA65463/2014 and Strain PTV-11 USA/IA09592/2013 of Teschovirus A: Experimental Inoculation

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Characterization of Strain PTV-2 USA/IA65463/2014 and Strain PTV-11 USA/IA09592/2013 of Teschovirus A: Experimental Inoculation Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2017 Characterization of strain PTV-2 USA/IA65463/ 2014 and strain PTV-11 USA/IA09592/2013 of Teschovirus A: Experimental inoculation, distribution of nucleic acids and development of Teschovirus encephalomyelitis Franco S. Matias Ferreyra Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Veterinary Medicine Commons, and the Virology Commons Recommended Citation Matias Ferreyra, Franco S., "Characterization of strain PTV-2 USA/IA65463/2014 and strain PTV-11 USA/IA09592/2013 of Teschovirus A: Experimental inoculation, distribution of nucleic acids and development of Teschovirus encephalomyelitis" (2017). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 15572. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15572 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Characterization of strain PTV-2 USA/IA65463/2014 and strain PTV-11 USA/IA09592/2013 of Teschovirus A: Experimental inoculation, distribution of nucleic acids and development of Teschovirus encephalomyelitis by Franco S. Matias Ferreyra A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Veterinary Preventive Medicine Program of Study Committee: Paulo H. Elias-Arruda, Major Professor Phillip C. Gauger Bailey L. Arruda The student author and the program of study committee are solely responsible for the content of this thesis. The Graduate College will ensure this thesis is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2017 Copyright © Franco S. Matias Ferreyra, 2017. All rights reserved. ii DEDICATION To my wife Victoria, and my sons Francisco and Pietro. To my family, Elba, Hector, Cecilia and Gisela and my wife’s family. Thank you for your unconditional support. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................... vi NOMENCLATURE .................................................................................................. vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT………………………………............................................................... vi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 1 Objective ......................................................................................................... 1 Thesis Organization ............................................................................................. 2 Statement of the Problem..................................................................................... 2 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................... 4 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 4 Taxonomy and Classification ............................................................................. 4 Virology ......................................................................................................... 7 Immunity ......................................................................................................... 9 Pathogenesis......................................................................................................... 12 Entry routes .................................................................................................... 12 Intracellular primary replication site.............................................................. 14 Dissemination and CNS entry........................................................................ 14 The Fecal-Oral Model of Pathogenesis and Viral Distribution ........................... 15 Clinical Signs ....................................................................................................... 16 Gross Pathology ................................................................................................... 20 Histopathology..................................................................................................... 20 Epidemiology....................................................................................................... 22 Prevention and Control Measurements ............................................................... 25 PTV-11 and PTV-2 Strains.................................................................................. 26 Diagnosis ......................................................................................................... 34 CHAPTER 3 CASES OF TESCHOVIRUS ENCEPHALOMYELITIS IDENTIFIED A ISU-VDL DURING THE YEAR 2013-2016...... 39 Objective ......................................................................................................... 39 Results ......................................................................................................... 39 Conclusions ....................................................................................................... 40 iv CHAPTER 4 POLIOENCEPHALOMYELITIS IN CESAREAN-DERIVED COLOSTRUM-DEPRIVED PIGS FOLLOWING EXPERIMENTAL INOCULATION WITH TESCHOVIRUS A SEROTYPE 2 OR SEROTYPE 11 ......................41 Abstract ..............................................................................................................41 Introduction ........................................................................................................42 Materials & Methods ...........................................................................................43 Results ................................................................................................................50 Discussion ..........................................................................................................60 Supplementary Materials .....................................................................................63 CHAPTER 5 DETECTION OF TESCHOVIRUS A SEROTYPE 2 AND 11 BY RT-qPCR IN SAMPLES FROM EXPERIMENTALLY INOCULATED CESAREAN-DERIVED COLOSTRUM-DEPRIVED PIGS WITH TESCHOVIRUS ENCEPHALOMYELITIS ......................................................................... 65 Abstract ..............................................................................................................65 Introduction ........................................................................................................66 Materials & Methods ...........................................................................................67 Results ................................................................................................................69 Discussion ..........................................................................................................75 CHAPTER 6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ...............................................77 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 79 APPENDIX : LIST OF PTV-11 AND PTV-2 STRAINS........................................ 88 v LIST OF FIGURES Page CHAPTER 3 Figure 1 Cases of PTV identified by year at ISU VDL .............................................. 40 CHAPTER 4 Figure 1 A - Phylogenetic trees illustrating the genetic relation of 79 unique polyprotein sequences with isolates PTV-2 USA/IA65463/2014 and PTV-11 USA/IA09592/2013……………………………………………………......... 52 Figure 1 B- Phylogenetic trees illustrating the genetic relation of 79 unique polyprotein sequences with isolates PTV-2 USA/IA65463/2014 and PTV-11 USA/IA09592/2013……………………………………………………......... 53 Figure 1 C - Phylogenetic trees illustrating the genetic relation of 79 unique polyprotein sequences with isolates PTV-2 USA/IA65463/2014 and PTV-11 USA/IA09592/2013……………………………………………………......... 54 Figure 2 Histologic lesions in affected animals ......................................................... 58 Figure S1 Supplemental materials. Histologic lesions in affected animals .................... 62 CHAPTER 5 Figure 1 PTV-2 Percentage of positive samples and mean Cq value by tissue sample ........................................................................................ 69 Figure 2 Mean serum Cq value by serotype .............................................................. 72 Figure 3 Mean fecal Cq value by serotype ................................................................ 72 Figure 4 PTV-11 Percentage of positive samples and mean Cq value by tissue sample ........................................................................................ 73 vi LIST OF TABLES Page CHAPTER 2 Table 1 Common PTV clinical signs described in literature .................................. 19 Table 2 List of PTV-11 and PTV-2 pathogenic strains .......................................... 33 Table 3 Differential diagnosis of Teschovirus encephalomyelitis.......................... 37 Table 4 List of diagnostic techniques reported for the corroboration of neuropathogenic
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