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Henry Melson Stommel<Br> 27 September, 1920Œ17 January
Journal of Marine Research, 50, i-viii, 1992 Henry Melson Stommel 27 September, 1920-17 January, 1992 Henry Stommel's heart stopped beating shortly after midnight on Friday, January 17, 1992, four days after he had undergone surgery for liver cancer at Deaconness Hospital in Brookline, Mass. His death brought to an end the career of a man who, for 45 years, was the most significant scientific contributor to the development of oceanography and who brought a rare degree of harmony and collegiality to the field. When Hank arrived at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1944 there was little reason to suppose that anything momentous had taken place. As an undergraduate at Yale he had been advised by a counselor that, since he evidently had no talent for science, he should take up law. In 1944 he was a second-year graduate student in Astronomy at Yale and was a conscientious objector to war. The job at Woods Hole was a way of serving his country without going to the battlefield. The Yale Astronomy Department from which he had come was strongly focused on celestial mechanics, and Hank had developed an interest in the marine environ- ment through his study of celestial navigation, one of the courses that he taught. He had read a lot about the ocean and decided to prepare a synthesis that he dedicated to the students in the navy program in which he had been teaching. It was a trait that was to stay with him thoughout his life; he would be heard. Over a three-week period he wrote a 208-page book, Science of the Seven Seas, which was published by Cornell Maritime Press in 1945. -
Cumulated Bibliography of Biographies of Ocean Scientists Deborah Day, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Archives Revised December 3, 2001
Cumulated Bibliography of Biographies of Ocean Scientists Deborah Day, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Archives Revised December 3, 2001. Preface This bibliography attempts to list all substantial autobiographies, biographies, festschrifts and obituaries of prominent oceanographers, marine biologists, fisheries scientists, and other scientists who worked in the marine environment published in journals and books after 1922, the publication date of Herdman’s Founders of Oceanography. The bibliography does not include newspaper obituaries, government documents, or citations to brief entries in general biographical sources. Items are listed alphabetically by author, and then chronologically by date of publication under a legend that includes the full name of the individual, his/her date of birth in European style(day, month in roman numeral, year), followed by his/her place of birth, then his date of death and place of death. Entries are in author-editor style following the Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 14th ed., 1993). Citations are annotated to list the language if it is not obvious from the text. Annotations will also indicate if the citation includes a list of the scientist’s papers, if there is a relationship between the author of the citation and the scientist, or if the citation is written for a particular audience. This bibliography of biographies of scientists of the sea is based on Jacqueline Carpine-Lancre’s bibliography of biographies first published annually beginning with issue 4 of the History of Oceanography Newsletter (September 1992). It was supplemented by a bibliography maintained by Eric L. Mills and citations in the biographical files of the Archives of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD. -
TRINITY COLLEGE Cambridge Trinity College Cambridge College Trinity Annual Record Annual
2016 TRINITY COLLEGE cambridge trinity college cambridge annual record annual record 2016 Trinity College Cambridge Annual Record 2015–2016 Trinity College Cambridge CB2 1TQ Telephone: 01223 338400 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.trin.cam.ac.uk Contents 5 Editorial 11 Commemoration 12 Chapel Address 15 The Health of the College 18 The Master’s Response on Behalf of the College 25 Alumni Relations & Development 26 Alumni Relations and Associations 37 Dining Privileges 38 Annual Gatherings 39 Alumni Achievements CONTENTS 44 Donations to the College Library 47 College Activities 48 First & Third Trinity Boat Club 53 Field Clubs 71 Students’ Union and Societies 80 College Choir 83 Features 84 Hermes 86 Inside a Pirate’s Cookbook 93 “… Through a Glass Darkly…” 102 Robert Smith, John Harrison, and a College Clock 109 ‘We need to talk about Erskine’ 117 My time as advisor to the BBC’s War and Peace TRINITY ANNUAL RECORD 2016 | 3 123 Fellows, Staff, and Students 124 The Master and Fellows 139 Appointments and Distinctions 141 In Memoriam 155 A Ninetieth Birthday Speech 158 An Eightieth Birthday Speech 167 College Notes 181 The Register 182 In Memoriam 186 Addresses wanted CONTENTS TRINITY ANNUAL RECORD 2016 | 4 Editorial It is with some trepidation that I step into Boyd Hilton’s shoes and take on the editorship of this journal. He managed the transition to ‘glossy’ with flair and panache. As historian of the College and sometime holder of many of its working offices, he also brought a knowledge of its past and an understanding of its mysteries that I am unable to match. -
Bibliography of PHYSI~AL LIMNOLOGY
STATE OF OHIO DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF SHORE EROSION DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS NO. 25 (CONTRIBUTION NO. 4 LAKE ERIE GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH PROGRAM) Bibliography Of PHYSI~AL LIMNOLOGY 1781 ••••1954 COLUMBUS 1955 STATE OF OHIO Frank J. Lausche, Governor DEPAR 1MENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES A. W. Marion, Director NATURAL RESOURCES COMMISSION George Wenger, Chairman John A. Slipher, Bryce Browning, Vice Chairman Secretary C. D. Blubaugh Dr. John L. Rich Dr. C. L. Dow Milton Ronsheim A. W. Marion Dean L. L. Rummell DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY John H. Melvin, Chief DIVIS ION OF SHORE EROSION F . 0 , Kugle , Chief STATE OF OHIO Frank J. Lausche, Governor DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES A. W. Marion, Director DIVISION OF SHORE EROSION F. 0. Kugel, Chief DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY John H. Melvin, Chief REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS NO. 2 5 (CONTRIBUTION NO. 4 LAKE ERIE GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH PROGRAM) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PHYSICAL LIMNOLOGY 1781 .... 1954 By James L. Verber This publication is a cooperative project of the Division of Shore Erosion and The Division of Geological Survey. The research upon which the publication is based has been sponsored chiefly by t the Division of Shore Erosion. i COLUMBUS, 1955 I Blank Page t:;ONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION •••••••••• v Organization of the Index • v Suggestions on using the Index vi ABBREVIATIONS • vii BmLIOGRAPHY 1 INDEX and ALPHABETICAL LIST OF LAKES CITED 45 ADDENDUM WITH INDEX . • . 54 iii Blank Page INTBODU~TION The Bibliography of Physical Limnology, 1781- their assistance in preparing the manuscript for publica- 1953, contains both a bibliography and subject index tion. -
National Academy of Sciences July 1, 1979 Officers
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES JULY 1, 1979 OFFICERS Term expires President-PHILIP HANDLER June 30, 1981 Vice-President-SAUNDERS MAC LANE June 30, 1981 Home Secretary-BRYCE CRAWFORD,JR. June 30, 1983 Foreign Secretary-THOMAS F. MALONE June 30, 1982 Treasurer-E. R. PIORE June 30, 1980 Executive Officer Comptroller Robert M. White David Williams COUNCIL Abelson, Philip H. (1981) Markert,C. L. (1980) Berg, Paul (1982) Nierenberg,William A. (1982) Berliner, Robert W. (1981) Piore, E. R. (1980) Bing, R. H. (1980) Ranney, H. M. (1980) Crawford,Bryce, Jr. (1983) Simon, Herbert A. (1981) Friedman, Herbert (1982) Solow, R. M. (1980) Handler, Philip (1981) Thomas, Lewis (1982) Mac Lane, Saunders (1981) Townes, Charles H. (1981) Malone, Thomas F. (1982) Downloaded by guest on September 30, 2021 SECTIONS The Academyis divided into the followingSections, to which membersare assigned at their own choice: (11) Mathematics (31) Engineering (12) Astronomy (32) Applied Biology (13) Physics (33) Applied Physical and (14) Chemistry Mathematical Sciences (15) Geology (41) Medical Genetics Hema- (16) Geophysics tology, and Oncology (21) Biochemistry (42) Medical Physiology, En- (22) Cellularand Develop- docrinology,and Me- mental Biology tabolism (23) Physiological and Phar- (43) Medical Microbiology macologicalSciences and Immunology (24) Neurobiology (51) Anthropology (25) Botany (52) Psychology (26) Genetics (53) Social and Political Sci- (27) Population Biology, Evo- ences lution, and Ecology (54) Economic Sciences In the alphabetical list of members,the numbersin parentheses, followingyear of election, indicate the respective Class and Section of the member. CLASSES The members of Sections are grouped in the following Classes: I. Physical and Mathematical Sciences (Sections 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16). -
Exercise 10: Cumulus Cloud with Bulk Cloud Physics
Exercise Hints Tasks Results Exercise 10: Cumulus Cloud With Bulk Cloud Physics PALM group Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, Leibniz Universität Hannover last update: 21st September 2015 PALM group PALM Seminar 1 / 16 I Initialize the simulation with a marine, cumulus-topped, trade-wind region boundary layer. I Trigger the cloud by a bubble of rising warm air. I Parameterize condensation using a simple bulk cloud physics scheme. I Learn how to carry out conditional averages. Exercise Hints Tasks Results Exercise Exercise 10: Cumulus Cloud With Bulk Cloud Physics Simulate a cumulus cloud: PALM group PALM Seminar 2 / 16 I Trigger the cloud by a bubble of rising warm air. I Parameterize condensation using a simple bulk cloud physics scheme. I Learn how to carry out conditional averages. Exercise Hints Tasks Results Exercise Exercise 10: Cumulus Cloud With Bulk Cloud Physics Simulate a cumulus cloud: I Initialize the simulation with a marine, cumulus-topped, trade-wind region boundary layer. PALM group PALM Seminar 2 / 16 I Parameterize condensation using a simple bulk cloud physics scheme. I Learn how to carry out conditional averages. Exercise Hints Tasks Results Exercise Exercise 10: Cumulus Cloud With Bulk Cloud Physics Simulate a cumulus cloud: I Initialize the simulation with a marine, cumulus-topped, trade-wind region boundary layer. I Trigger the cloud by a bubble of rising warm air. PALM group PALM Seminar 2 / 16 I Learn how to carry out conditional averages. Exercise Hints Tasks Results Exercise Exercise 10: Cumulus Cloud With Bulk Cloud Physics Simulate a cumulus cloud: I Initialize the simulation with a marine, cumulus-topped, trade-wind region boundary layer. -
Exam 2: Cloud Physics April 16, 2008 Physical Meteorology 3440
Name ____________________________ Exam 2: Cloud Physics April 16, 2008 Physical Meteorology 3440 Questions 1-10 are worth 5 points each. Questions 11-15 are worth 10 points each. 1. Rank the concentrations of the following from lowest (1) to highest (3): cloud condensation nuclei (3) cloud droplets (2) raindrops (1) 2. Match the following particles with their typical size cloud condensation nuclei 10 μm cloud droplets 0.1 μm raindrops 1000 μm 3. Why do ice crystals grow at the expense of supercooled water droplets? The saturation vapor pressure over liquid is higher than the saturation vapor pressure over ice. Therefore, the environment will be more supersaturated with respect to ice than with respect to liquid, and the ice crystals will grow more quickly. At some point, the ice crystals may bring S (with respect to ice) down to 1, in which case Sl (with respect to liquid) is less than 1, causing the liquid drops to evaporate. 4. Match the following particles with their most likely means of growth 5 μm cloud drop accretion 5 μm ice crystal aggregation 100 μm dendritic ice crystals in ice cloud depositional growth 500 μm ice crystal in mixed-phase cloud condensational growth 100 μm cloud drop collision-coalescence 5. Fill in the blanks: Not all clouds with temperatures below the freezing point of water contain ice, because of the scarcity of ice nuclei in the atmosphere, and the temperature at which they nucleate ice. As the cloud temperature decreases, the probability of ice increases to the 1 temperature of -40 °C, at which point homogeneous freezing occurs. -
Members Oi Commissions, Hoards, and Committees'
members oi commissions, hoards, and committees' EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE : C. W. Newton R. M. White G. P. Cressman J. E. Wallace W. A. Baum J. Simpson K. C. Spengler D. F. Landrigan COMMITTEES OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Awards Chairman: Prof. Morton G. Wurtele, Dept. of Meteorology, University of California at Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 90024 Dr. Norman E. Gaut, President, Environmental Research 8c Technology, Inc., 696 Virginia Rd., Concord, Mass. 01742 Prof. David D. Houghton, Dept. of Meteorology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. 53706 Dr. John B. Hovermale, National Meteorological Ctr., National Weather Service, NOAA, Washington, D.C. 20233 Dr. Douglas K. Lilly, NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, Colo. 80303 1 The Executive Director is an ex officio member of all commissions, boards, and committees. 2 Addresses listed on page 892. Bulletin American Meteorological Society 893 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/09/21 06:24 AM UTC 894 Vol.. 60, No. 8, August 1979 Nominating Chairman: Dr. Karl R. Johannessen, Associate Director, National Weather Service, NOAA, Silver Spring, Md. 20910 Prof. Roscoe R. Braham, Jr., Dept. of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, 111. 60637 Robert D. Elliott, North American Weather Consultants, 600 Norman Firestone Rd., Santa Barbara Municipal Airport, Goleta, Calif. 93017 Rear Adm. William J. Kotsch (USN, Ret.), 1772 Shaftsbury Ave., Crofton, Md. 21114 Dr. Margaret A. LeMone, NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, Colo. 80307 Admissions Chairman: Charles H. Pierce, 42 Brunswick Rd., Arlington, Mass. 02174 Donald A. Chisholm, Meteorology Div., Air Force Geophysics Lab., Hanscom AFB, Mass. 01731 Paul E. -
Twelve Lectures on Cloud Physics
Twelve Lectures on Cloud Physics Bjorn Stevens Winter Semester 2010-2011 Contents 1 Lecture 1: Clouds–An Overview3 1.1 Organization...........................................3 1.2 What is a cloud?.........................................3 1.3 Why are we interested in clouds?................................4 1.4 Cloud classification schemes..................................5 2 Lecture 2: Thermodynamic Basics6 2.1 Thermodynamics: A brief review................................6 2.2 Variables............................................8 2.3 Intensive, Extensive, and specific variables...........................8 2.3.1 Thermodynamic Coordinates..............................8 2.3.2 Composite Systems...................................8 2.3.3 The many variables of atmospheric thermodynamics.................8 2.4 Processes............................................ 10 2.5 Saturation............................................ 10 3 Lecture 3: Droplet Activation 11 3.1 Supersaturation over curved surfaces.............................. 12 3.2 Solute effects.......................................... 14 3.3 The Kohler¨ equation and its properties............................. 15 4 Lecture 4: Further Properties of an Isolated Drop 16 4.1 Diffusional growth....................................... 16 4.1.1 Temperature corrections................................ 18 4.1.2 Drop size effects on droplet growth.......................... 20 4.2 Terminal fall speeds of drops and droplets........................... 20 5 Lecture 5: Populations of Particles 22 5.1 -
Lightning Dr
ESCI 340 - Cloud Physics and Precipitation Processes Lesson 12 - Lightning Dr. DeCaria References: The Lightning Discharge, Uman The Electrical Nature of Storms, MacGorman and Rust Fundamentals of Lightning, Rakov `Runaway Breakdown and the Mysteries of Lightning', Gurevich and Zybin, Physics Today, 2005 Mechanisms of Charge Separation • The top of a thunderstorm (cumulonimbus) cloud becomes positively charged, while the middle-to-lower portions of the cloud becomes negatively charged. • Often there is also a smaller pocket of positive charge near the bottom of the cloud. • The reason for this charge separation is not completely understood, but some of the more prominent theories are described below. • Those mechanisms requiring a preexisting electric field are called inductive charging mechanisms, while those not requiring a preexisting electric field are called nonin- ductive charging mechanisms. Inductive ion capture: In a preexisting electrical field, there will be a separation of charge across a hydrometeor. As the hydrometeor falls, gaseous ions will either be attracted or repelled from the underside of the hydrometeor, depending on their sign. Thus, the hydrometeor will gain an increasing charge of whatever sign it has on its topside. In Fig. 1 the positive ions are repelled as the hydrometeor falls, but the negative ions are attracted. Thus, the hydrometeor gains a net negative charge as it falls. Figure 1: Inductive ion capture. 1 Ion capture may play a role in weakly electrified storms, but cannot be used to explain the amount of charge separation seen in a thunderstorm without the presence of other mechanisms. Inductive particle rebound: Two hydrometeors in a preexisting electric field, falling at different speeds, will exchange charge during collision as shown in Fig. -
Cloud Microphysics
Cloud microphysics Claudia Emde Meteorological Institute, LMU, Munich, Germany WS 2011/2012 Overview of cloud physics lecture Atmospheric thermodynamics gas laws, hydrostatic equation 1st law of thermodynamics moisture parameters adiabatic / pseudoadiabatic processes stability criteria / cloud formation Microphysics of warm clouds nucleation of water vapor by condensation growth of cloud droplets in warm clouds (condensation, fall speed of droplets, collection, coalescence) formation of rain, stochastical coalescence Microphysics of cold clouds homogeneous nucleation heterogeneous nucleation contact nucleation crystal growth (from water phase, riming, aggregation) formation of precipitation Observation of cloud microphysical properties Parameterization of clouds in climate and NWP models Cloud microphysics November 24, 2011 2 / 35 Growth rate and size distribution growing droplets consume water vapor faster than it is made available by cooling and supersaturation decreases haze droplets evaporate, activated droplets continue to grow by condensation growth rate of water droplet dr 1 = G S dt l r smaller droplets grow faster than larger droplets sizes of droplets in cloud become increasingly uniform, approach monodisperse distribution Figure from Wallace and Hobbs Cloud microphysics November 24, 2011 3 / 35 Size distribution evolution q 2 r = r0 + 2Gl St 0.8 1.4 t=0 t=0 0.7 t=10 t=10 1.2 t=30 t=30 0.6 t=50 t=50 1.0 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.3 n [normalized] n [normalized] 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 radius [arbitrary units] radius [arbitrary units] Cloud microphysics November 24, 2011 4 / 35 Growth by collection growth by condensation alone does not explain formation of larger drops other mechanism: growth by collection Cloud microphysics November 24, 2011 5 / 35 Terminal fall speed r 40µ . -
Thunderstorm Anatomy and Dynamics
THUNDERSTORM ANATOMY AND DYNAMICS An Overview Prepared by LCDR Bill Nisley MR 3421 • Cloud Physics Naval Postgraduate School • Monterey, California [email protected] Photo credits: Thunderstorm Cell and Mammatus Clouds by: Michael Bath; Tornado by Daphne Zaras / NSSL; Supercell Thunderstorm by: AMOS; Wall Cloud by: Greg Michels 1. Introduction The purpose of this paper is to present a broad overview of the various cloud structures displayed during the life cycle of a thunderstorm and the atmospheric dynamics associated with each. Knowledge of atmospheric dynamics provides for a keener understanding of the physical processes related to the “why and how” certain cloud features form. Accordingly, observation of cloud features presents visual queuing of changes in the atmosphere. 2. Thunderstorm Formation and Stages of Development Thunderstorm development is dependent on three basic components: moisture, instability, and some form of lifting mechanism. 2.1 Moisture – As air near the surface is lifted higher in the atmosphere and cooled, available water vapor condenses into small water droplets which form clouds. As condensation of water vapor occurs, latent heat is released making the rising air warmer and less dense than its surroundings (figure 1). The added heat allows the air (parcel) to continue to rise and form an updraft within the developing cloud structure. 2.1.1 In general1, low level moisture increases instability simply by making more latent heat available to the lower atmosphere. Increasing mid level moisture can decrease instability in the atmosphere because moist air is less dense than dry air and therefor is unable to evaporate • Figure 1 – Positive buoyancy / instability as a result of precipitation and cloud droplets as condensation and release of latent heat.