The Texas Safe House Movement: an Examination of Restorative Shelter Core Components and Recommendations
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The Texas Safe House Movement: An Examination of Restorative Shelter Core Components and Recommendations Prepared by CHILDREN AT RISK with the generous support of the Texas Bar Foundation Edited by: Robert Sanborn, Ed.D. Dawn Lew, J.D. Mandi Sheridan Kimball, M.S.W. Todd Latiolais, J.D. Kavita Desai, J.D. Keveney Avila, J.D. 1 RESEARCH AND PRoDuCTIoN TEAM Robert Sanborn, ED.D. President and CEO Dawn Lew, J.D. Senior Staff Attorney Mandi Sheridan Kimball, M.S.W. Director of Public Policy and Government Affairs Todd J. Latiolais, J.D. Staff Attorney Kavita C. Desai, J.D. Staff Attorney Keveney S. Avila, J.D. Staff Attorney R.J. Hazeltine-Shedd, J.D. Staff Attorney Jennifer Burton Human Trafficking Summer Institute Law Fellow Brittney Farr Human Trafficking Summer Institute Law Fellow Jenny Kessler Human Trafficking Summer Institute Law Fellow Hannah Lanford Human Trafficking Summer Institute Law Fellow Abigail Townsend Human Trafficking Summer Institute Law Fellow John Wood Human Trafficking Summer Institute Law Fellow With special thanks to Eliza Reock, Director of Programs, Shared Hope International Samantha Vardaman, Senior Director, Shared Hope International Kellie Armstrong, M.S.W. Design and Layout by Squidz Ink Design 2 ABouT CHILDREN AT RISK CHILDREN AT RISK is a non-partisan research and advocacy organization dedicated to improving the quality of life for Texas’ children through strategic research, public policy analysis, innovation, legal action, community education, and collaboration. The organization began in fall of 1989 when a group of child advocates met to discuss the lack of data on the status of children and the absence of strong public policy for support for Houston’s children. Through its biennial publication, Growing Up in Houston: Assessing the Quality of Life of Our Children, CHILDREN AT RISK tracks over 140 indicators measuring the quality of life of Texas’ children. CHILDREN AT RISK has evolved from an organization researching the multitude of obstacles our children face, to one that also drives macro-level change to better the future of Texas’ children. Through its Public Policy & Law Center – established in 2006 as the only center of its kind in Texas – CHILDREN AT RISK uses policy and legal expertise as a powerful tool to drive change and create a better future for our children. In recent years, CHILDREN AT RISK has grown exponentially in its capacity to speak out and drive change for children and has become the premier resource on children’s issues among major media outlets, public officials, and the non-profit sector. ABouT THE TExas BAR FoundatioN The Texas Bar Foundation solicits charitable contributions and provides funding to enhance the rule of law and the system of justice in Texas, especially for programs that relate to the administration of justice; ethics in the legal profession; legal assistance for the needy; the encouragement of legal research, publications and forums; and the education of the public. The Texas Bar Foundation is the largest charitably funded bar foundation in the nation. Membership is composed of the most elite Texas attorneys. The Foundation’s members are nominated because of their dedication to the administration of justice and high professional standing among his or her peers. For more than four decades, the Texas Bar Foundation has helped organizations to: educate the public about their rights and responsibilities under the law; provide legal services to the poor, and assist those who turn to the legal system for protection. Grants are made possible by the generosity of Fellows and charitable gifts from individuals and law firms across the state. The Texas Bar Foundation and its members are committed to our mission… Advancing Justice in Texas…by providing opportunities to support the rule of law in Texas. 3 TABLE oF Contents Foreword by Dr. Robert Sanborn, Ed.D, President and CEO, CHILDREN AT RISK ............................................ 7 Common Terms and Acronyms Used in this Publication ............................ 9 I. Introduction ..................................................................................... 10 A. The Issue of Human Trafficking ..................................................... 10 1. The Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking Epidemic in the National Context ....................................................................10 2.The Prevalence of Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking in the State of Texas .................................................................. 11 3. How Texas Has Addressed the Issue .......................................... 12 B. Profile of a Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking Victim: Who are the victims of domestic minor sex trafficking? ................................. 14 1. Common Characteristics of Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking Victims ................................................... 15 2. How Does a Child Become a Victim of Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking? ...............................................17 3. Case Studies............................................................................. 20 4. Lasting Repercussions of Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking Victimization: Issues safe houses must be prepared to encounter. 21 C. The Need for Safe Houses .............................................................. 23 II. Methodology & Safe House Survey .................................................... 25 III. Overview of Safe Houses Nationwide and in Texas ............................. 27 A. Safe Houses in the Northeastern United States ............................... 27 1. Girls Educational & Mentoring Services (GEMS) ....................... 27 B. Safe Houses in the Southeastern United States ................................ 29 1. Wellspring Living ..................................................................... 29 2. Transforming Hope Ministries: Emma’s Home .......................... 30 3. On Eagles Wings: Hope House .................................................. 30 C. Safe Houses in the Southwestern United States ............................... 31 4 1. StreetLight USA ................................................................................ 31 D. Safe Houses on the West Coast....................................................... 32 1. Courage Worldwide: Courage House ......................................... 32 2. GenerateHope ......................................................................... 33 3. Children of the Night ................................................................ 34 4. Janus Youth Programs: Athena House ....................................... 35 5. YouthCare: The Bridge Program ............................................... 36 E. Safe Houses in Texas ..................................................................... 38 1. Home of Hope Texas ................................................................ 38 2. For the Sake of One: Isaiah’s House ........................................... 38 3. Arrow Child & Family Ministries: Freedom Place ....................... 39 IV. Core Components and Essential Considerations ................................ 40 A. Location ....................................................................................... 41 B. Programming and Services ............................................................ 46 C. Staffing ........................................................................................ 51 D. Trauma-Informed Care ................................................................. 57 1. What is Trauma? ...................................................................... 57 2. What is Trauma-Informed Care? ............................................... 58 E. On-Site Education ......................................................................... 62 1. Introduction/Legal Requirements ............................................ 62 2. Providing Education On-Site ..................................................... 63 F. Transitional Care and Aftercare ...................................................... 66 1. Physical Needs ......................................................................... 67 2. Financial Needs........................................................................ 68 3. Emotional and Mental Needs .................................................... 69 4. Social Needs ............................................................................ 69 G. Community Relationships ............................................................. 71 H. Expecting the Unexpected............................................................. 76 V. Legal Components of Opening and Operating a Safe House in Texas .... 77 A. Pre-Operational Legal Components ............................................... 77 1. Initial License .......................................................................... 78 5 2. Submitting the Application ...................................................... 79 3. Organization and Administration ............................................. 82 4. Staffing .................................................................................. 84 5. Child/Caregiver Ratio ............................................................. 96 6. Waivers and Variances ............................................................. 98 7. General Physical Site Requirements .......................................... 99 8. Inspections Prior to Issuance of a Permit .................................101 9. Insurance ............................................................................