Comparison of Hyperspectral Imaging and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Determine Nitrogen and Carbon Concentrations in Wheat
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EPA Handbook: Optical and Remote Sensing for Measurement and Monitoring of Emissions Flux of Gases and Particulate Matter
EPA Handbook: Optical and Remote Sensing for Measurement and Monitoring of Emissions Flux of Gases and Particulate Matter EPA 454/B-18-008 August 2018 EPA Handbook: Optical and Remote Sensing for Measurement and Monitoring of Emissions Flux of Gases and Particulate Matter U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Air Quality Assessment Division Research Triangle Park, NC EPA Handbook: Optical and Remote Sensing for Measurement and Monitoring of Emissions Flux of Gases and Particulate Matter 9/1/2018 Informational Document This informational document describes the emerging technologies that can measure and/or identify pollutants using state of the science techniques Forward Optical Remote Sensing (ORS) technologies have been available since the late 1980s. In the early days of this technology, there were many who saw the potential of these new instruments for environmental measurements and how this technology could be integrated into emissions and ambient air monitoring for the measurement of flux. However, the monitoring community did not embrace ORS as quickly as anticipated. Several factors contributing to delayed ORS use were: • Cost: The cost of these instruments made it prohibitive to purchase, operate and maintain. • Utility: Since these instruments were perceived as “black boxes.” Many instrument specialists were wary of how they worked and how the instruments generated the values. • Ease of use: Many of the early instruments required a well-trained spectroscopist who would have to spend a large amount of time to setup, operate, collect, validate and verify the data. • Data Utilization: Results from path integrated units were different from point source data which presented challenges for data use and interpretation. -
All-Metal Terahertz Metamaterial Absorber and Refractive Index Sensing Performance
hv photonics Communication All-Metal Terahertz Metamaterial Absorber and Refractive Index Sensing Performance Jing Yu, Tingting Lang * and Huateng Chen Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; [email protected] (J.Y.); [email protected] (H.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This paper presents a terahertz (THz) metamaterial absorber made of stainless steel. We found that the absorption rate of electromagnetic waves reached 99.95% at 1.563 THz. Later, we ana- lyzed the effect of structural parameter changes on absorption. Finally, we explored the application of the absorber in refractive index sensing. We numerically demonstrated that when the refractive index (n) is changing from 1 to 1.05, our absorber can yield a sensitivity of 74.18 µm/refractive index unit (RIU), and the quality factor (Q-factor) of this sensor is 36.35. Compared with metal–dielectric–metal sandwiched structure, the absorber designed in this paper is made of stainless steel materials with no sandwiched structure, which greatly simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces costs. Keywords: metamaterial absorber; stainless steel; refractive index sensing; sensitivity 1. Introduction Metamaterials are new artificial materials that are periodically arranged according to certain subwavelength dimensions [1,2]. Owing to their unique properties of perfect absorption, perfect transmission, and stealth, metamaterials show promising applications Citation: Yu, J.; Lang, T.; Chen, H. in sensors [3–11], absorbers [12,13], imaging [14,15], etc. Among them, in biomolecular All-Metal Terahertz Metamaterial sensing, metamaterial devices are spurring unprecedented interest as a diagnostic protocol Absorber and Refractive Index for cancer and infectious diseases [10,11]. -
Primena Statistike U Kliničkim Istraţivanjima Sa Osvrtom Na Korišćenje Računarskih Programa
UNIVERZITET U BEOGRADU MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET Dušica V. Gavrilović Primena statistike u kliničkim istraţivanjima sa osvrtom na korišćenje računarskih programa - Master rad - Mentor: prof. dr Vesna Jevremović Beograd, 2013. godine Zahvalnica Ovaj rad bi bilo veoma teško napisati da nisam imala stručnu podršku, kvalitetne sugestije i reviziju, pomoć prijatelja, razumevanje kolega i beskrajnu podršku porodice. To su razlozi zbog kojih želim da se zahvalim: . Mom mentoru, prof. dr Vesni Jevremović sa Matematičkog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu, koja je bila ne samo idejni tvorac ovog rada već i dugogodišnja podrška u njegovoj realizaciji. Njena neverovatna upornost, razne sugestije, neiscrpni optimizam, profesionalizam i razumevanje, predstavljali su moj stalni izvor snage na ovom master-putu. Članu komisije, doc. dr Zorici Stanimirović sa Matematičkog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu, na izuzetnoj ekspeditivnosti, stručnoj recenziji, razumevanju, strpljenju i brojnim korisnim savetima. Članu komisije, mr Marku Obradoviću sa Matematičkog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu, na stručnoj i prijateljskoj podršci kao i spremnosti na saradnju. Dipl. mat. Radojki Pavlović, šefu studentske službe Matematičkog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu, na upornosti, snalažljivosti i kreativnosti u pronalaženju raznih ideja, predloga i rešenja na putu realizacije ovog master rada. Dugogodišnje prijateljstvo sa njom oduvek beskrajno cenim i oduvek mi mnogo znači. Dipl. mat. Zorani Bizetić, načelniku Data Centra Instituta za onkologiju i radiologiju Srbije, na upornosti, idejama, detaljnoj reviziji, korisnim sugestijama i svakojakoj podršci. Čak i kada je neverovatno ili dosadno ili pametno uporna, mnogo je i dugo volim – skoro ceo moj život. Mast. biol. Jelici Novaković na strpljenju, reviziji, bezbrojnim korekcijama i tehničkoj podršci svake vrste. Hvala na osmehu, budnom oku u sitne sate, izvrsnoj hrani koja me je vraćala u život, nes-kafi sa penom i transfuziji energije kada sam bila na rezervi. -
Hyperspectral Imaging for Predicting the Internal Quality of Kiwifruits
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Hyperspectral Imaging for Predicting the Internal Quality of Kiwifruits Based on Variable Received: 18 April 2016 Accepted: 11 July 2017 Selection Algorithms and Published: xx xx xxxx Chemometric Models Hongyan Zhu1, Bingquan Chu1, Yangyang Fan1, Xiaoya Tao2, Wenxin Yin1 & Yong He1 We investigated the feasibility and potentiality of determining frmness, soluble solids content (SSC), and pH in kiwifruits using hyperspectral imaging, combined with variable selection methods and calibration models. The images were acquired by a push-broom hyperspectral refectance imaging system covering two spectral ranges. Weighted regression coefcients (BW), successive projections algorithm (SPA) and genetic algorithm–partial least square (GAPLS) were compared and evaluated for the selection of efective wavelengths. Moreover, multiple linear regression (MLR), partial least squares regression and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) were developed to predict quality attributes quantitatively using efective wavelengths. The established models, particularly SPA-MLR, SPA-LS-SVM and GAPLS-LS-SVM, performed well. The SPA-MLR models for frmness (Rpre = 0.9812, RPD = 5.17) and SSC (Rpre = 0.9523, RPD = 3.26) at 380–1023 nm showed excellent performance, whereas GAPLS-LS-SVM was the optimal model at 874–1734 nm for predicting pH (Rpre = 0.9070, RPD = 2.60). Image processing algorithms were developed to transfer the predictive model in every pixel to generate prediction maps that visualize the spatial distribution of frmness and SSC. Hence, the results clearly demonstrated that hyperspectral imaging has the potential as a fast and non-invasive method to predict the quality attributes of kiwifruits. Fruit quality represents a combination of properties and attributes that determine the suitability of the fruit to be eaten as fresh or stored for a reasonable period without deterioration and confer a value regarding consum- er’s satisfaction1, 2. -
Construction of a Neuro-Immune-Cognitive Pathway-Phenotype Underpinning the Phenome Of
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 20 October 2019 doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0239.v1 Construction of a neuro-immune-cognitive pathway-phenotype underpinning the phenome of deficit schizophrenia. Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeima, Abbas F. Almullab, Arafat Hussein Al-Dujailic, Michael Maes d,e,f. a Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kufa, Iraq. E-mail: [email protected]. b Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq. E-mail: [email protected]. c Senior Clinical Psychiatrist, Faculty of Medicine, Kufa University. E-mail: [email protected]. d* Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; e Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; f IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, PO Box 281, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia. Corresponding author Prof. Dr. Michael Maes, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand 1 © 2019 by the author(s). Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY license. Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 20 October 2019 doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0239.v1 https://scholar.google.co.th/citations?user=1wzMZ7UAAAAJ&hl=th&oi=ao [email protected]. 2 Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 20 October 2019 doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0239.v1 Abstract In schizophrenia, pathway-genotypes may be constructed by combining interrelated immune biomarkers with changes in specific neurocognitive functions that represent aberrations in brain neuronal circuits. These constructs provide insight on the phenome of schizophrenia and show how pathway-phenotypes mediate the effects of genome X environmentome interactions on the symptomatology/phenomenology of schizophrenia. -
Hyperspectral Imaging with a TWINS Birefringent Interferometer
Vol. 27, No. 11 | 27 May 2019 | OPTICS EXPRESS 15956 Hyperspectral imaging with a TWINS birefringent interferometer 1,2,4 3,4 3 A. PERRI, B. E. NOGUEIRA DE FARIA, D. C. TELES FERREIRA, D. 1 1 1,2 1,2 3 COMELLI, G. VALENTINI, F. PREDA, D. POLLI, A. M. DE PAULA, G. 1,2 1, CERULLO, AND C. MANZONI * 1IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy 2NIREOS S.R.L., Via G. Durando 39, 20158 Milano, Italy 3Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil 4The authors contributed equally to the work *[email protected] Abstract: We introduce a high-performance hyperspectral camera based on the Fourier- transform approach, where the two delayed images are generated by the Translating-Wedge- Based Identical Pulses eNcoding System (TWINS) [Opt. Lett. 37, 3027 (2012)], a common- path birefringent interferometer that combines compactness, intrinsic interferometric delay precision, long-term stability and insensitivity to vibrations. In our imaging system, TWINS is employed as a time-scanning interferometer and generates high-contrast interferograms at the single-pixel level. The camera exhibits high throughput and provides hyperspectral images with spectral background level of −30dB and resolution of 3 THz in the visible spectral range. We show high-quality spectral measurements of absolute reflectance, fluorescence and transmission of artistic objects with various lateral sizes. © 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement 1. Introduction A great deal of physico-chemical information on objects can be obtained by measuring the spectrum of the light they emit, scatter or reflect. -
Predicting Plant Species Richness and Vegetation Patterns in Cultural Landscapes Using Disturbance Parameters
Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 122 (2007) 446–452 www.elsevier.com/locate/agee Predicting plant species richness and vegetation patterns in cultural landscapes using disturbance parameters C. Buhk a,*, V. Retzer b, C. Beierkuhnlein b, A. Jentsch a a Disturbance Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany and Bayreuth University, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany b Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Universita¨tsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany Received 1 August 2006; received in revised form 22 February 2007; accepted 27 February 2007 Available online 24 April 2007 Abstract A new methodological framework for plant diversity assessment at the landscape scale is presented that exhibits the following strengths: (1) potential for easily standardizable sampling procedure; (2) characterization of disturbance regime; (3) use of selected disturbance descriptors as explanatory variables which probably allow for better transferability than site specific land use types—for example, to evaluate the emerging use of energy plants that pose novel management challenges without historic precedence to many landscapes; (4) analysis of quantitative and qualitative aspects of plant species diversity (alpha and beta diversity). For data analysis, a powerful regression method (PLS- R) was applied. On this basis, after further validation and transferability tests, a practical tool for the development and validation of effective agri-environmental programmes may be developed. # 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Agri-environmental programmes; Alpha diversity; Beta diversity; Fichtelgebirge; Land use; Disturbance; Pattern analysis 1. Introduction paid per ha of arable land or grassland managed, and are no longer subsidized according to the quantity of certain goods The EU Sustainable Development Strategy, launched by produced or land use activity maintained. -
Hyperspectral Microscopy for Early and Rapid Detection Of
HYPERSPECTRAL MICROSCOPY FOR EARLY AND RAPID DETECTION OF SALMONELLA SEROTYPES by MATTHEW BRENT EADY (Under the Direction of Bosoon Park) ABSTRACT Optical microbial detection methodologies have shown the potential as early and rapid pathogen detection methods. This proof-of-concept project explores the use of hyperspectral microscopy as a potential method for early and rapid classification of five Salmonella serotypes. Darkfield hyperspectral microscope images were collected at early incubation times of 6, 8, 10, and 12 hrs., then compared to 24 hrs. incubation. Hypercube data collected from cells were analyzed through multivariate data analysis (MVDA) methods to assess classification ability of early incubation times. A separate experiment was conducted to explore the ability of analyzing hyperspectral data collected from only informative spectral bands as opposed to the original 89 spectral bands. MVDA showed that incubation times as early as 8 hours had near identical spectra and classification abilities compared to 24 hours; while the original 89-point spectrum could be reduced to 3 selected spectral bands and maintain high serotype classification accuracy. INDEX WORDS: Salmonella, hyperspectral microscopy, early detection, rapid detection, multivariate data HYPERSPECTRAL MICROSCOPY FOR EARLY AND RAPID DETECTION OF SALMONELLA SEROTYPES by MATTHEW BRENT EADY BSA, The University of Georgia, 2011 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF -
Use of Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry with Supervised Learning for The
Use of Pyrolysis Mass Spectrom etry with Supervised Learning for the Assessm ent of the Adulteration of Milk of Different Species ROYSTON GOODACRE Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, SY23 3DA, U.K. Binary m ixtures of 0± 20% cows’ m ilk with ewes’ m ilk, 0± 20% raphy;3,4 (2) electrophoretic methods including gel elec- cows’ m ilk with goats’ m ilk, and 0± 5% cow s’ m ilk with goats’ m ilk trophoresis 5,6 and isoelectric focusing;7,8 and (3) immu- were subjected to pyrolysis m ass spectrom etry (PyMS). For an alysis nological-based methods such as agar-gel immunodiffu- of the pyrolysis m ass sp ectra so as to determ ine the p ercentage sion,8± 10 immunoelectrophore sis,11 immunodotti ng,12 adulteration of either caprine or ovine m ilk w ith bovine m ilk, par- 13 tial least-sq uares regression (PLS), p rincipal com ponents regression haemagglutination, and various methods based on the 14± 16 (PCR) and fully intercon nected feed-forward ar ti® cial neural net- enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). works (ANNs) were studied. In the latter case, the w eights were Pyrolysis mass spectrometry (PyMS) is a rapid, auto- m odi® ed by u sing the stan dard b ack-prop agation algor ith m , and mated, instrument-based technique that permits the ac- the nodes u sed a sigm oidal squ ash ing function. It was fou nd that quisition of spectroscopic data from 300 or more samples each of the m ethods could be u sed to provid e calibration m odels per working day. -
Integrated Raman and Hyperspectral Microscopy
ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS FLUORESCENCE Integrated Raman and GRATINGS & OEM SPECTROMETERS OPTICAL COMPONENTS Hyperspectral Microscopy FORENSICS PARTICLE CHARACTERIZATION RAMAN Combined spectral imaging technologies SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY SPR IMAGING XploRA® PLUS integrates hyperspectral microscopy with confocal Raman microscopy for multimodal hyperspectral imaging on a single platform HORIBA Scientific is happy to announce the integration photoluminescence, transmittance and reflectance) of the enhanced darkfield (EDF) and optical hyperspectral modes. Switching between imaging modes requires no imaging (HSI) technologies from CytoViva® with HORIBA’s sample movement whatsoever, ensuring all of these multi- renowned confocal Raman microscopy, XploRA PLUS. modal images are truly of the same area. The integrated system offers versatile modes of imaging and hyperspectral imaging that are very important for XploRA PLUS houses four gratings for optimized spectral nanomaterial and life science studies. resolution, and up to three lasers (select from blue to NIR+) for performing Raman, PL and/or FL hyperspectral This integrated microscope platform provides both imaging. EMCCD (electron multiplying CCD) is available widefield imaging (reflection, transmission, brightfield, for enhanced sensitivity as an upgrade from the CCD as darkfield, polarized light and epi-fluorescence), a detector. Operations, including switching lasers and and hyperspectral imaging (Raman, fluorescence, gratings, are fully automated via LabSpec 6 Spectroscopy Suite. LabSpec -
Section1: Introduction to Hyperspectral Imaging
Section1: Introduction to Hyperspectral imaging The information provided here is a short overview of NIR spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging for a novice to this field. Please consult literature in the Reference section for more informative explanation and further reading. What is NIR hyperspectral imaging? Hyperspectral imaging is a combination of imaging and spectroscopy. What does spectroscopy entail? Spectroscopy studies the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation and records the amount of radiation absorbed or emitted as a spectrum over a specific wavelength range. What is electromagnetic radiation? In physics, electromagnetic radiation is defined as the waves of the electromagnetic field. The waves propagates through space and time and carries electromagnetic energy. Waves are characterized by their frequency of oscillation (number of times that a wave passes by a certain point per unit time) or by the wavelength (units expressed as nm or cm-1 for wavenumber). Waves of different frequencies make up the electromagnetic spectrum. Figure 1: An electromagnetic wave can be defined by the length from one point to the identical point on the next wave and is indicated as wavelength (nm) or wavenumber (cm-1). What is the electromagnetic spectrum? The electromagnetic spectrum covers the range of frequencies from the wavelengths with shorter frequencies linked to nuclear radiation (Gamma rays), which carries high energy, followed by X-rays, ultraviolet (UV)-, visible-, infrared (IR) to the radio waves, which carry low energy (Fig 2). Figure 2: Schematic for the electromagnetic spectrum. Gamma rays have short wavelengths and this increase in the direction of the Radio waves. As wavelengths decrease the energy levels increase. -
Chemical Detection of Contraband Dr
7/12/2019 Chemical Detection of Contraband Dr. Jimmie Oxley University of Rhode Island; [email protected] https://www.cbp.gov/border‐security/protecting‐agriculture/agriculture‐canine Cocaine, 84 kg, hidden in boxes of chrysanthemums. www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article‐2209630/Florist‐jailed‐18‐years‐smuggling‐23‐5m‐cocaine‐UK‐hidden‐boxes‐flowers.html Pants Bomber Causes Grief for Chefs Who Smuggle Salami Into America Wall Street Journal Jan 14, 2010 Feb.28, 2019 1.6 tons cocaine Port of Newark https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article‐2116524/If‐didnt‐buy‐flowers‐mother‐today‐youve‐got‐excuse‐ Photo: Courtesy of Customs & Border Protection Millions‐Amsterdam‐warehouse‐shipped‐UK.html So What, Who Cares? We all do! How we go about it depends on what we want to detect https://www.stayathomemum.com.au/my‐kids/babies/33‐weird‐things‐you‐wont‐know‐unless‐youre‐a‐parent/3/ • explosives • drugs •CWAs •TICs, TIMs •VOCs • environmental pollutants https://www.kidspot.com.au/baby/baby‐care/nappies‐and‐bottom‐care/smart‐nappies‐will‐save‐you‐ from‐getting‐poo‐on‐your‐finger/news‐story/a28d09d8c5d4ce6e1069b257ae8df34f Korean startup, Monit, has new bluetooth device, which tells when baby needs changing. 1 7/12/2019 mm wave VISIBLE terahertz Penetrating ionizing colorimetric THz/mm wave X‐ray backscatter Raman IR imaging Chemical fingerprint images by heat differential Ion Analysis Techniques: • Ion Mobility (IMS) • Mass Spectrometry (MS) • Emission spectroscopy • Laser Induced Breakdown Spec (LIBS) • Photoionization (PID) Thermal & Conductometric