The Globalization of Terror Funding
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Buenos Aires, 26 February 2015. in This Court Case No. 777/2015, Styled
Buenos Aires, 26 February 2015. In this Court Case No. 777/2015, styled: “Fernández de Kirchner Cristina y otros s/encubrimiento” [on cover-up] registered with Clerk’s Office No. 5 of this Court; Background These proceedings were initiated as a result of the accusation made on 14 January 2015, within the framework of Case No. 3446/2012, entitled “Velazco, Carlos Alfredo y otros por abuso de autoridad y violación de los deberes de funcionario público” [on abuse of authority and breach of the duties of public officials] —Court No. 4 in Federal Criminal and Correctional Matters for the City of Buenos Aires, Clerk’s Office No. 8— by Alberto Nisman, General Prosecutor in charge of the Prosecutorial Investigation Unit dealing with the bombings of 18 July 1994 against the AMIA building. In his accusation, said Prosecutor informed about the existence of an alleged “criminal plan” purportedly intended to give impunity to the Iranian nationals accused in that case —who are fugitives since 2007— in order for them to be able to escape the investigation and be released from any measures taken by the Argentine courts with jurisdiction over the case. As stated in such accusation, the scheme was allegedly carried out by “high authorities of the Argentine federal government, with the cooperation of third parties, which entails a criminal action that constitutes, a priori, the following offences: aggravated cover-up, prevention or hindrance of the performance of official duties, and breach of the duties incumbent upon public officials (Sections 277 (1) and (3), 241 (2) and 248 of the Criminal Code).” Preliminary Considerations First, it bears noting that this Court is fully aware of the widespread and major — domestic and international— public and institutional repercussion of the accusation made by Alberto Nisman, in his capacity as General Prosecutor in charge of the Prosecutorial Investigation Unit dealing with the bombings of 18 July 1994 against the AMIA bombings, which has been the starting point of these proceedings. -
An End Run Around the First Amendment: „Libel Tourists‟ Take Aim Overseas
An End Run Around the First Amendment: „Libel Tourists‟ Take Aim Overseas By Ryan Feeney 2008 Pulliam Kilgore Intern Bruce W. Sanford Bruce D. Brown Laurie A. Babinski BAKER & HOSTETLER LLP Washington, D.C. Counsel to the Society of Professional Journalists September 2008 In the throes of the American Civil Rights movement as Southern blacks flexed their political might against segregation, a city commissioner in Alabama sued the country‟s most prominent newspaper, The New York Times. L.B. Sullivan‟s libel suit sought to silence the implication of his critics that he was part of a racist Southern oligarchy responsible for the violent suppression of black protests in Montgomery. It failed, and an uniquely American brand of free speech was born. In deciding that landmark free-speech case, New York Times v. Sullivan, 1 the U.S. Supreme Court noted how libel suits such as Sullivan‟s threatened “the very existence of an American press virile enough to publish unpopular views on public affairs.” Throughout modern American history, linking a person to an unpopular group has often led to a rash of libel suits against the press. It happened with communism in the 1940s, organized crime in the 1970s, and homosexuality in the 1980s under the stigmatizing glare of the AIDS epidemic. Yet in the more than four decades since the New York Times decision, American libel plaintiffs have found it acutely difficult to muzzle the press. But these free speech protections apply only on American soil, which means they cannot be used against the latest wave of libel litigants who bring suits overseas – foreigners accused of terrorism ties. -
The Problem of Trans-National Libel, 60 Am
University of Miami Law School University of Miami School of Law Institutional Repository Articles Faculty and Deans 2012 The rP oblem of Trans-National Libel Lili Levi University of Miami School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.miami.edu/fac_articles Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, First Amendment Commons, and the Jurisdiction Commons Recommended Citation Lili Levi, The Problem of Trans-National Libel, 60 Am. J. Comp. L. 507 (2012). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty and Deans at University of Miami School of Law Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by an authorized administrator of University of Miami School of Law Institutional Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LILI LEVI* The Problem of Trans-National Libelt Forum shopping in trans-nationallibel cases-"libel tourism"- has a chilling effect on journalism, academic scholarship,and scien- tific criticism. The United States and Britain (the most popular venue for such cases) have recently attempted to address the issue legisla- tively. In 2010, the United States passed the SPEECH Act, which prohibits recognition and enforcement of libel judgments from juris- dictions applying law less speech-protective than the First Amendment. In Britain, consultation has closed and the Parliamen- tary Joint Committee has issued its report on a broad-ranginglibel reform bill proposed by the Government in March 2011. This Article questions the extent to which the SPEECH Act and the Draft Defama- tion Bill will accomplish their stated aims. -
Financial Flows of Terrorist and Transnational Crime Organizations
Economics of Security Working Paper Series Friedrich Schneider and Raul Caruso The (Hidden) Financial Flows of Terrorist and Transnational Crime Organizations: A Literature Review and Some Preliminary Empirical Results August 2011 Economics of Security Working Paper 52 This publication is an output of EUSECON, a research project supported by the European Commission’s Seventh Framework Programme. Economics of Security is an initiative managed by DIW Berlin Economics of Security Working Paper Series Correct citation: Schneider, F. and R. Caruso (2011). “The (Hidden) Financial Flows of Terrorist and Transnational Crime Organizations: A Literature Review and Some Preliminary Empirical Results”. Economics of Security Working Paper 52, Berlin: Economics of Security. First published in 2011 © Friedrich Schneider and Raul Caruso 2011 ISSN: 1868-0488 For further information, please contact: Economics of Security, c/o Department of International Economics, German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin), Mohrenstr. 58, 10117 Berlin, Germany. Tel: +49 (0)30 89 789-277 Email: [email protected] Website: www.economics-of-security.eu Economics of Security is an initiative managed by DIW Berlin March 2011 Studien/Terrorism/HiddenFinancialFlowsTerroristOrg.doc The (Hidden) Financial Flows of Terrorist and Transnational Crime Organizations: * A Literature Review and Some Preliminary Empirical Results by Friedrich Schneider** and Raul Caruso*** Summary: The financial means of international terror and transnational organized crime organizations are analyzed. First, some short remarks about the organization of international terror organizations are made. Second and in a much more detailed way a literature review is provided about the financing of terrorist and transnational organized crime organizations, their sources and the various methods they use. -
Recommendations of Experts for Improvements in Federal Law Enforcement After Waco
If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. U.S. Department of Justice Washington,D.C. 20530 Recommendations of Experts for Improvements in Federal Law Enforcement After Waco 145688 U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the National Institute of Justice. Permission to reproduce thisllll~ material has been granted by Publ:Cc Domain U.S. Dep~nt of Justice ustice Re .......... of the N£ Recommendations of Experts for improvements in Federal Law Enforcement After Waco TABLE OF CONTENTS Mandate to the Experts Handling Hostage/Barricade Situations Robert J, Louden Ronald McCarthy Ariel Merari Dealing with Persons whose Motivations and Thought Processes are Unconventional \, Nancy T. Ammerman Robert Canero Lawrence E. Sullivan Coordinating Law Enforcement Efforts in Hostage/Barricade Situations Colin E. Birt Richard J. Davis William H. Webster O @ @ UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MEMORANDUM J~e ~,1~3 TO: Dr. Nancy Ammerman Mr. Colin B/rt Dr. Robert Cancro Mr. Richard J. Davis Mr. Robert J. Louden Mr. Ronald M. McCarthy Dr. Ariel Merafi @ Dr. Alan A. Stone Dr. Lawrence E. Sull/van Mr..William H. Webster FROM: Philip B. Heymann ~.~. Deputy Attorney General Department of Justice Ronald IC Noble Assistant Secretary (Enforcement) Department of the Treasury Q SUBJECT: your R01e in M~g Recommendations Concerning the Handling of Incidents Such asthe Branch Davidian Standoff in Waco, Texas @ L MANDATE We would like you to assist us in addressing issues that federal law enforcement confi'0n~ ~ bani'cade/hos~g e situatiom such as the stand-off that occurred near Waco, Texas, ~tween February 28, 1993 and April 19, 1993. -
Terrorism, Diasporas, and Permissive Threat Environments: a Study Of
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS TERRORISM, DIASPORAS, AND PERMISSIVE THREAT ENVIRONMENTS. A STUDY OF HIZBALLAH’S FUNDRAISING OPERATIONS IN PARAGUAY AND ECUADOR. by Howard Vincent Meehan December 2004 Thesis Advisor: Jeanne Giraldo Thesis Advisor: Harold Trinkunas Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED December 2004 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE: Terrorism, Diasporas, and Permissive Threat 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Environments. A Study of Hizballah’s Fundraising Operations in Paraguay and Ecuador. 6. AUTHOR(S) Howard Vincent Meehan 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING Naval Postgraduate School ORGANIZATION REPORT Monterey, CA 93943-5000 NUMBER 9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING N/A AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. -
9/11 Report”), July 2, 2004, Pp
Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page i THE 9/11 COMMISSION REPORT Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page v CONTENTS List of Illustrations and Tables ix Member List xi Staff List xiii–xiv Preface xv 1. “WE HAVE SOME PLANES” 1 1.1 Inside the Four Flights 1 1.2 Improvising a Homeland Defense 14 1.3 National Crisis Management 35 2. THE FOUNDATION OF THE NEW TERRORISM 47 2.1 A Declaration of War 47 2.2 Bin Ladin’s Appeal in the Islamic World 48 2.3 The Rise of Bin Ladin and al Qaeda (1988–1992) 55 2.4 Building an Organization, Declaring War on the United States (1992–1996) 59 2.5 Al Qaeda’s Renewal in Afghanistan (1996–1998) 63 3. COUNTERTERRORISM EVOLVES 71 3.1 From the Old Terrorism to the New: The First World Trade Center Bombing 71 3.2 Adaptation—and Nonadaptation— ...in the Law Enforcement Community 73 3.3 . and in the Federal Aviation Administration 82 3.4 . and in the Intelligence Community 86 v Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page vi 3.5 . and in the State Department and the Defense Department 93 3.6 . and in the White House 98 3.7 . and in the Congress 102 4. RESPONSES TO AL QAEDA’S INITIAL ASSAULTS 108 4.1 Before the Bombings in Kenya and Tanzania 108 4.2 Crisis:August 1998 115 4.3 Diplomacy 121 4.4 Covert Action 126 4.5 Searching for Fresh Options 134 5. -
Origination, Organization, and Prevention: Saudi Arabia, Terrorist Financing and the War on Terror”
Testimony of Steven Emerson with Jonathan Levin Before the United States Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs “Terrorism Financing: Origination, Organization, and Prevention: Saudi Arabia, Terrorist Financing and the War on Terror” July 31, 2003 Steven Emerson Executive Director The Investigative Project 5505 Conn. Ave NW #341 Washington DC 20015 Email: [email protected] phone 202-363-8602 fax 202 966 5191 Introduction Terrorism depends upon the presence of three primary ingredients: Indoctrination, recruitment and financing. Take away any one of those three ingredients and the chances for success are geometrically reduced. In the nearly two years since the horrific attacks of 9/11, the war on terrorism has been assiduously fought by the US military, intelligence and law enforcement. Besides destroying the base that Al Qaeda used in Afghanistan, the United States has conducted a comprehensive campaign in the United States to arrest, prosecute, deport or jail those suspected of being connected to terrorist cells. The successful prosecution of terrorist cells in Detroit and Buffalo and the announcement of indictments against suspected terrorist cells in Portland, Seattle, northern Virginia, Chicago, Tampa, Brooklyn, and elsewhere have demonstrated the resolve of those on the front line in the battle against terrorism. Dozens of groups, financial conduits and financiers have seen their assets frozen or have been classified as terrorist by the US Government. One of the most sensitive areas of investigation remains the role played by financial entities and non-governmental organizations (ngo’s) connected to or operating under the aegis of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Since the July 24 release of the “Report of the Joint Inquiry into the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001,” the question of what role Saudi Arabia has played in supporting terrorism, particularly Al Qaeda and the 9/11 attacks, has come under increasing scrutiny. -
Hezbollah's Inroads Into The
HEZBOLLAH’S INROADS INTO THE WESTERN Th e American HEMISPHERE Foreign Policy Council Ilan Berman Washington, DC August 2011 No. 4 year after the attacks of September ings in their own geopolitical backyard. 11th, then-Deputy Secretary of State Th e relatively low profi le of Latin America A Richard Armitage, in contextualiz- in our national security policymaking is ing the terrorist threat facing the country, deeply counterintuitive, given the region’s made a telling assessment. “Hezbollah may proximity to the U.S. homeland. It is also be the A-team of terrorists,” Mr. Armitage potentially dangerous, because its politi- told an audience at the United States In- cal environment—marked by large un- stitute of Peace in Washington, DC, “and governed areas and typifi ed by widespread maybe al-Qaida is actually the B-team.”1 anti-American sentiment—has created a Th e description was apt, and remains so. fertile operating environment for a range With a presence in an estimated forty of radical groups, including those from countries on fi ve diff erent continents, the the greater Middle East. According to U.S. Lebanese Shi’ite militia represents one of government estimates, no fewer than six Is- the very few terrorist groups active today lamic terrorist groups (including al-Qaeda that possess a truly global presence and and the Palestinian Hamas movement) are reach. now active in Latin America.3 Th is footprint extends not only to the Hezbollah, however, is far and away greater Middle East and Europe, but to the the most prominent. Its presence in the Western Hemisphere as well.2 Over the past region stretches back to the 1980s, when quarter-century, Hezbollah has devoted operatives—taking advantage of weak re- considerable energy and resources to estab- gional governance and with support from lishing an extensive network of operations Iran—began to expand the organization’s throughout the Americas. -
Barbarians at the Gate
SMALL WARS JOURNAL smallwarsjournal.com From the TBA to the USA: Barbarians at the Gate by Marilyn Stern On October 10, 2010, an illegal Mexican immigrant was found beheaded in Phoenix, Arizona as a result of the Mexican drug wars. On October 27, 2010, drug gangs attacked the headquarters of the Los Ramones, Mexico, police department with grenades and the police force quit en masse the next day. The following research provides pertinent background to the increasing chaos at the U.S. southwest border that the federal government continues to ignore. In The Choice: Global Domination or Global Leadership, Zbigniew Brzezinski, advisor to U.S. Presidents Kennedy, Johnson, Carter, and Bush, Sr., wrote in 2004, For America, the linkage between state sovereignty and national security was traditionally even more symbiotic than for most other states. The linkage was reinforced by the awareness that geography made America a sanctuary. With two huge oceans providing extraordinary security buffers and with much weaker neighbors to the north and south, Americans considered their nation‟s sovereignty to be both a natural right as well as a natural consequence of peerless national security (emphasis added). Even when America was drawn into two world wars, it was the Americans who crossed the oceans to combat others in distant lands. Americans went to war, but war did not come to America.1 Today, America‟s geographical boundaries no longer provide that sense of security. In fact, there is a war being waged just beyond America‟s southwestern border. Mexican drug cartels, ruthless in their lawlessness, are in a bloody competition for superiority. -
SPEECH: Preempting Privacy Tourism Stephen Bates
Hastings Communications and Entertainment Law Journal Volume 33 | Number 3 Article 3 1-1-2011 More SPEECH: Preempting Privacy Tourism Stephen Bates Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/ hastings_comm_ent_law_journal Part of the Communications Law Commons, Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons, and the Intellectual Property Law Commons Recommended Citation Stephen Bates, More SPEECH: Preempting Privacy Tourism, 33 Hastings Comm. & Ent. L.J. 379 (2011). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_comm_ent_law_journal/vol33/iss3/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Communications and Entertainment Law Journal by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. More SPEECH: Preempting Privacy Tourism by * STEPHEN BATES I. Libel Tourism .................................................................................................................... 380 II. Breach of Privacy in Britain ............................................................................................. 388 III. Publication of Private Facts in the United States ........................................................... 395 IV. Counterarguments ............................................................................................................. 401 V. Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... -
Inventing Terrorists: the Nexus of Intelligence and Islamophobia
This is a repository copy of Inventing terrorists: the nexus of intelligence and Islamophobia. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/146149/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Marusek, S orcid.org/0000-0002-2234-1506 (2018) Inventing terrorists: the nexus of intelligence and Islamophobia. Critical Studies on Terrorism, 11 (1). pp. 65-87. ISSN 1753-9153 https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2017.1351597 © 2017 Informa UK Limited, Trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an author produced version of a paper published in Critical Studies on Terrorism. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Inventing Terrorists: The nexus of intelligence and Islamophobia Abstract: The transatlantic Islamophobia industry, emboldened by US intelligence efforts to entrap Muslims, appears to have helped to increase permissible levels of Islamophobia across the US, as illustrated by the fiery anti-Muslim rhetoric during the 2016 presidential campaign.