Chironomid (Lake Fly) Relative Abundance Assessment Report
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The Stalk-Eyed Fly As a Model for Aggression – Is There a Conserved Role for 5-HT Between Vertebrates and Invertebrates? Andrew N
© 2020. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2020) 223, jeb132159. doi:10.1242/jeb.132159 COMMENTARY The stalk-eyed fly as a model for aggression – is there a conserved role for 5-HT between vertebrates and invertebrates? Andrew N. Bubak1, Michael J. Watt2, Jazmine D. W. Yaeger3, Kenneth J. Renner3 and John G. Swallow4,* ABSTRACT Takahashi et al., 2012). In stalk-eyed flies, 5-HT appears to mediate Serotonin (5-HT) has largely been accepted to be inhibitory to appropriate behavioral responses upon perception of aggressive vertebrate aggression, whereas an opposing stimulatory role has signals (Bubak et al., 2014a). been proposed for invertebrates. Herein, we argue that critical gaps in 5-HT, 5-HT receptor structure and function, and the 5-HT our understanding of the nuanced role of 5-HT in invertebrate systems transporter (SERT), which removes 5-HT from the synaptic cleft to drove this conclusion prematurely, and that emerging data suggest a terminate 5-HT signaling (Fig. 1), are phylogenetically conserved previously unrecognized level of phylogenetic conservation with (Blenau and Baumann, 2001; Martin and Krantz, 2014). Despite this, respect to neurochemical mechanisms regulating the expression of 5-HT appears to play generally opposing roles in the generation of the aggressive behaviors. This is especially apparent when considering the complex behaviors associated with aggression in invertebrates and interplay among factors governing 5-HT activity, many of which share vertebrates (see Table S1). However, we propose that this seemingly functional homology across taxa. We discuss recent findings using contrasting role of 5-HT may be an overly simplistic generalization. -
Lower Fox River Lake - Boat Landings
Lower Fox River Lake - Boat Landings Little Lake Butte des Morts Boat Landing Details Map Lake Butte Des Morts -- Ninth Street Boat Launch Details Google Map Little Lake Butte Des Morts -- Menasha - Fritze Park Access Details Google Map Winnebago Pool Lakes - Boat Landings Lake Winnebago Boat Landings Details Map Lake Winnebago -- Brothertown Harbor, Off Cty H Details Google Map Lake Winnebago -- Oshkosh - Otter Street/ Ceape Ave - Carry-In Access Details Google Map Lake Winnebago -- Vinland - Grundman Park - Osh-O-Nee Details Google Map Lake Winnebago – Fisherman’s Park / Taycheedah Details Google Map Lake Winnebago -- Calumet County Boat Launch Details Google Map Lake Winnebago -- Oshkosh - Doemel Point Access - Murdock & Menominee Details Google Map Lake Winnebago -- Oshkosh - Fugleburg Park Details Google Map Lake Winnebago -- Oshkosh - 24th Street Access Details Google Map Lake Winnebago -- Calumet - Columbia Park Details Google Map Lake Winnebago -- Oshkosh - Mill Street Access Details Google Map Lake Winnebago -- Oshkosh - Menominee Park Details Google Map Lake Winnebago -- Black Wolf - Nagy Park Landing, Hwy 45 Details Google Map Lake Winnebago -- Fond Du Lac - Lakeside West Park - Supple Marsh Details Google Map Lake Winnebago -- Sherwood - High Cliff State Park Details Google Map Lake Winnebago -- Columbia Park Boat Access - Google Map Lake Winnebago -- Neenah - South Park Ave., Rec Park Details Google Map Lake Winnebago -- Nagy Point boat landing, - Google Map Lake Winnebago -- Highway 45 Wayside Park Boat Ramp Details Google -
Syrphid Flies
Published by Utah State University Extension and Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory Ent-200-18PR February 2019 Beneficial Predators: Syrphid Flies Steven Price, Carbon Co. Extension • Ron Patterson, University of Idaho, Bonneville Co. Extension DESCRIPTION What you should know Eggs are oblong, white or grey with a lace-like pattern • Syrphid flies are common residents in agricultural on the surface, and measure around 1/16 inch long. areas, gardens, and home landscapes providing They are laid singly on plants often near dense colonies pollination services. of prey which are located by females by olfactory, • Larvae of syrphid flies are important beneficial visual, and tactile cues. predators of soft-bodied pests providing naturally Larvae can be found living among their prey, although occurring pest control. are sometimes misidentified as pests, such as sawfly • Syrphid flies cannot be purchased commercially larvae, slugs, alfalfa weevil larvae, or different kinds of but populations can be conserved by reducing caterpillars (Table 1). Syrphid fly larvae have a tapered broad-spectrum pesticide use. anterior which lacks an external head capsule. The flattened rear has two small breathing holes (spiracles). Larvae are semi-translucent, often being striped or Syrphid (pronounced ‘sir-fid’) flies, also known as hover mottled in shades of white, green, tan, or brown with flies or flower flies, commonly occur in field crops, additional small bumps or spikes (Fig. 1). Being 1/16 inch orchards, gardens and home landscapes. They are long upon hatching, they are typically less than 1/2 inch members of the Syrphidae family. They are “true flies” long once they are full-sized. -
The Black Flies of Maine
THE BLACK FLIES OF MAINE L.S. Bauer and J. Granett Department of Entomology University of Maine at Orono, Orono, ME 04469 Maine Life Sciences and Agriculture Experiment Station Technical Bulletin 95 May 1979 LS-\ F.\PFRi\ii-Nr Si \IION TK HNK \I BUI I HIN 9? ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to thank Dr. Ivan McDaniel for his involvement in the USDA-funding of this project. We thank him for his assistance at the beginning of this project in loaning us literature, equipment, and giving us pointers on taxonomy. He also aided the second author on a number of collection trips and identified a number of collection specimens. We thank Edward R. Bauer, Lt. Lewis R. Boobar, Mr. Thomas Haskins. Ms. Leslie Schimmel, Mr. James Eckler, and Mr. Jan Nyrop for assistance in field collections, sorting, and identifications. Mr. Ber- nie May made the electrophoretic identifications. This project was supported by grant funds from the United States Department of Agriculture under CSRS agreement No. 616-15-94 and Regional Project NE 118, Hatch funds, and the Maine Towns of Brad ford, Brownville. East Millinocket, Enfield, Lincoln, Millinocket. Milo, Old Town. Orono. and Maine counties of Penobscot and Piscataquis, and the State of Maine. The electrophoretic work was supported in part by a faculty research grant from the University of Maine at Orono. INTRODUCTION Black flies have been long-time residents of Maine and cause exten sive nuisance problems for people, domestic animals, and wildlife. The black fly problem has no simple solution because of the multitude of species present, the diverse and ecologically sensitive habitats in which they are found, and the problems inherent in measuring the extent of the damage they cause. -
Tachinidae, Tachinid Flies
Beneficial Insects Class Insecta, Insects Order Diptera, Flies, gnats, and midges Diptera means “two wings,” and true flies bear only one pair of functional wings. Flies are one of the largest insect groups, with approximately 35 families that contain predatory or parasitic species. All flies have piercing/sucking/sponging mouthparts. Tachinid flies Family Tachinidae Description and life history: This is a large and important family, with up to 1300 native parasitoid species in North America and additional introduced species to help control foreign pests. These flies vary in color, size, and shape but most resemble houseflies. Adults are usually gray, black, or striped, and hairy. Adults lay eggs on plants to be consumed by hosts, or they glue eggs to the outside of hosts, so the maggots can burrow into the host. Rarely will tachinids insert eggs into host bodies. Tachinid flies develop rapidly within their host and pupate in 4–14 days. By the time they emerge, they have killed their host. Many species have several generations a year, although some are limited by hosts with a single annual generation. Prey species: Most tachinid flies attack caterpillars and adult and larval beetles, although others specialize on Tachinid fly adult. (327) sawfly larvae, true bugs, grasshoppers, or other insects. Photo: John Davidson Lydella thompsoni is a parasitoid of European corn borer, Voria ruralis attacks cabbage looper caterpillars, Myiopharus doryphorae attacks Colorado potato beetle larvae, and Istocheta aldrichi parasitizes adult Japanese beetles. Although these are very important natural en- emies, none is available commercially. IPM of Midwest Landscapes 263. -
Insects Commonly Mistaken for Mosquitoes
Mosquito Proboscis (Figure 1) THE MOSQUITO LIFE CYCLE ABOUT CONTRA COSTA INSECTS Mosquitoes have four distinct developmental stages: MOSQUITO & VECTOR egg, larva, pupa and adult. The average time a mosquito takes to go from egg to adult is five to CONTROL DISTRICT COMMONLY Photo by Sean McCann by Photo seven days. Mosquitoes require water to complete Protecting Public Health Since 1927 their life cycle. Prevent mosquitoes from breeding by Early in the 1900s, Northern California suffered MISTAKEN FOR eliminating or managing standing water. through epidemics of encephalitis and malaria, and severe outbreaks of saltwater mosquitoes. At times, MOSQUITOES EGG RAFT parts of Contra Costa County were considered Most mosquitoes lay egg rafts uninhabitable resulting in the closure of waterfront that float on the water. Each areas and schools during peak mosquito seasons. raft contains up to 200 eggs. Recreational areas were abandoned and Realtors had trouble selling homes. The general economy Within a few days the eggs suffered. As a result, residents established the Contra hatch into larvae. Mosquito Costa Mosquito Abatement District which began egg rafts are the size of a grain service in 1927. of rice. Today, the Contra Costa Mosquito and Vector LARVA Control District continues to protect public health The larva or ÒwigglerÓ comes with environmentally sound techniques, reliable and to the surface to breathe efficient services, as well as programs to combat Contra Costa County is home to 23 species of through a tube called a emerging diseases, all while preserving and/or mosquitoes. There are also several types of insects siphon and feeds on bacteria enhancing the environment. -
Horse Insect Control Guide
G950 (Revised March 2006) Horse Insect Control Guide John B. Campbell, Extension Entomologist feeds on blood. The fly bites inflict pain to the animal which Insects that bother horses, and ways to treat responds by foot stamping and tail switching in an effort to them, are covered here. dislodge the fly. House flies have a sponging type mouthpart and feed only on secretions of the animal around the eyes, nostrils and Nebraskans keep horses for a number of different rea anal openings. They are annoying to the animal even though sons. Some are for 4-H projects and urban users (recreation they don’t bite. al), ranch and farm (work), breeding farms, and racing. Both these fly species can transmit a nematode parasite Some of the insect pests of horses are also pests of other (Habronema spp.) to horses. The nematode is transmitted livestock. Other insects are specific to horses, but may be either through a feeding wound, or internally if the horse pests only on farm and ranch horses. swallows a fly. The best methods of pest control vary depending upon The nematode tunnels through the skin (cutaneous the type of horse production. tissues) of the horse, causing ulcerative sores (habroneiniasis or summer sores). The sores begin as small papules which Caution become encrusted. They are most often found on the shoulders, chest, neck, and inner surfaces of the rear quarters Use only insecticides that are USDA approved and EPA and tail. registered for use on horses. Wettable powder (WP) formula Localized treatment with a phosphate insecticide labeled tions are generally preferred over emulsifiable-concentrates for use on horses usually destroys the nematode. -
MOVEMENTS of ADULT TAGGED WALLEYES Stqcked Iri Big Lake Butte Des Morts and Spoehr;S Marsh, Wolf Uiver
.. - . Research Report No. 28 (Fisheries) MOVEMENTS OF ADULT TAGGED WALLEYES Stqcked iri Big Lake Butte des Morts and Spoehr;s Marsh, Wolf Uiver By Gordon R. Priegel DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Division of Conservation Bureau of Research ca"ld Planning • INTRODUCTION This report describes the results o£ an investigation of the movements and cUspersal of walleyes captured in Rush Lake during '-Tinter and released in-Go ·v;aters coi:ltaining.an excellent natural walleye population. The waters involved in this study include Lake 1-!innebago and Big Lake Butte des Morts on the 107-mile-long Fox River and Lakes Poygan and Winneconne on the 216-mile-long Wolf River (Figure 1). The Wolf River joins the Fox River in Big Lake Butte des Morts, 10 river miles above Lake Winnebago, and then enters the lake as the Fox River at Oshkosh. The Fox River flows out of Lake Winnebago at Neenah and Menasha and flows 39 river miles north to Green Bay, Lake ~ichigan. Runoff water from 6,000 square miles enters Lake Winnebago. The lake has an area of 137,708 acres with a maximum depth of 21 feet and an average depth of 15.5 feet. It is roughly rectangular in shape: 28 miles long and 10.5 miles wide at its widest point. The small upriver lakes: Poygan, Winneconne and Big Lake Butte des Morts have areas of 14,102; 4,507 and 8,857 acres, respectively. The O.ep~chs of these smaller lakes are similar with maximum depths not exceeding ll feet. The deeper waters are located in the river channels. -
VT Baitfish Regulations Review Team Update
VT Baitfish Regulations Review Update: Comprehensive Evaluation of Fish Pathogens & Aquatic Nuisance Species (ANS) PRESENTATION TO THE VERMONT FISH & WILDLIFE BOARD FEBRUARY 21ST, 2018 TEAM MEMBERS: ADAM MILLER, SHAWN GOOD, TOM JONES, CHERYL FRANK SULLIVAN, TIM BIEBEL VT Baitfish Regulations Review Team Goal Statement: “Review the current VT baitfish regulations with the strong likelihood of coming back to the VT Fish & Wildlife Board with a revised proposal in the future to regulate baitfish use in a manner that is in the best interest of the public and protects VT’s fisheries resources.” Purpose of Today’s Presentation Review research done to date regarding evaluation of fish pathogens (including VHS) in the Northeast and surrounding area Review research done to date regarding evaluation of ANS in the Northeast and surrounding area Discuss recent enforcement action that was taken regarding a mosquitofish detection in imported fathead minnows. Gather feedback from the Board regarding research on evaluation of pathogens (including VHS) and ANS in the Northeast and surrounding area Purpose of Today’s Presentation Review research done to date regarding evaluation of fish pathogens (including VHS) in the Northeast and surrounding area Review research done to date regarding evaluation of ANS in the Northeast and surrounding area Discuss recent enforcement action that was taken regarding a mosquitofish detection in imported fathead minnows. Gather feedback from the Board regarding research on evaluation of pathogens (including VHS) and ANS in the Northeast and surrounding area Fish Pathogens of Concern Emergency Pathogens Not yet detected in Northeast. Can lead to high mortality of stock and large scale die-off of wild stocks. -
Village of Winneconne Comprehensive Outdoor
VillageVillage ofof WinneconneWinneconne ComprehensiveComprehensive OutdoorOutdoor RecreationRecreation PlanPlan 20182018 - 2022- 2022 VILLAGE OF WINNECONNE COMPREHENSIVE OUTDOOR RECREATION PLAN 2018-2022 Adopted January 9, 2018 by Park Board Adopted January 16, 2018 by Village Board Prepared by the Village Park Board, Kirk Ruetten, Director of Public Works and the East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Trish Nau, Principal Recreation Planner ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The preparation of the Village of Winneconne Comprehensive Outdoor and Recreation Plan 2018-2022 was formulated by the Winneconne Park Commission with assistance from the East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission. MISSION It is the mission of the Village Parks Board to improve the quality of life for all of the Village of Winneconne’s residents and visitors by providing and promoting well-maintained parks, recreational facilities, open space, and urban forest. PARK COMMISSION The Commission is composed of seven citizen members and meets approximately once a month. The Commission works on planning park improvements and with the Director on park and recreation issues. 2017 VILLAGE BOARD John Rogers, President Andy Beiser Chris Boucher Doug Falk Ed Fischer Joe Hoenecke Jeanne Lehr PARK COMMISSION Chris Ruetten, Chair Chris Boucher Jeanne Lehr David Reetz Lani Stanek STAFF Kirk Ruetten, Director of Public Works ABSTRACT TITLE: Village of Winneconne Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan 2018-2022 CONTACT: Trish Nau, ECWRPC Principal Planner AUTHORS: Village Park Board -
ROBBER-FLIES and EMPIDS ROBBER-FLIES Asilidae. Very
ROBBER-FLIES and EMPIDS Asilus ROBBER-FLIES Asilidae. Very bristly predatory flies that head from front generally chase and catch other insects in mid-air. Most species sit in wait and dart out when likely prey appears. The prey is then sucked dry with the stout proboscis, which projects horizontally or obliquely forward. There is a deep groove between the eyes in both sexes, the eyes never touching even in males. A 'beard' on the face protects eyes from struggling prey. Legs are sturdy and have 2 pads at most. Wings folded flat over body at rest. Larvae eat some dead vegetable matter, but most are at least partly predatory and some feed mainly on beetle and fly grubs in the soil. Asilus with prey As Asi/us crabroniformis. An unmistakable fly - one of the largest in B - inhabiting open country 7-10. A very strong flier. Breeds in cow pats and other dung. Dasypogon diadema. First 2 long veins both reach wing margin: wing membrane ribbed. Front tibia has curved spine at tip. Male more uniformly black, with dark wings. 6-8 in scrubby places, especially coastal dunes. S. ;., Leptogaster cylindrica. Feet without pads. Hind femur yellow. 3rd antennal segment ends in bristle. One of the slimmest robber-flies, it resembles a crane-fly in flight. It hunts in grassy places, flying slowly and plucking aphids from the grasses. 5-8. A L. guttiventris is similar but has reddish hind femur. 85 Dioctria atricapi/la. First 2 long veins reach margin. Beard rather sparse and, as in all Oioctria species, the antennae spring from a prominence high on the head. -
The Crane Fly Vs. the Mosquito! Mosquito Crane
The Crane Fly vs. The Mosquito! A Case of Mistaken Identity: A Crane Fly is not a Giant Mosquito! Mosquito Crane Fly It looks like a super-sized mosquito and it’s flying around your living room. Fatally attracted to light, these huge insects may cause panic upon first sight. Despite appearances, however, this seemingly dangerous insect is most likely a harmless common crane fly and not a mosquito at all. Common crane flies appear to be enlarged versions of many mosquito species, but there are several ways to tell them apart. The easiest way is by size. A mosquito is extremely small, measuring about ¼ - ½ inches in length. The common crane fly is between 1 – 1 ½ inches by comparison. Some crane fly species can even reach up to three inches! Another difference is that the crane fly will have a slender, V-shaped abdomen with long legs. This body shape makes crane flies poor fliers, and they usually wobble in the air. Mosquitoes, on the other hand, are agile and move quickly when flying. It is important to differentiate between these two bugs because mosquitoes transmit diseases like West Nile virus, encephalitis and Malaria, killing millions of people worldwide each year. Crane flies cannot bite and they do not carry diseases. As larvae, they may consume roots and vegetation while they are growing, but this is the extent of the damage they cause. In correctly called ‘mosquito eaters’ or ‘mosquito hawks’, crane flies actually feed on nectar or nothing at all in adult form. A crane fly’s sole purpose as an adult is to mate and die.