2
3
3D shapes. shapes. 3D cellulose (paper). (paper). cellulose properties. buckyball formation, they they formation, buckyball
Vertices
– corners, where 2 lines (in 2D) or 3(+) faces (in 3D) meet 3D) (in faces 3(+) or 2D) (in lines 2 where corners, –
Advertising expert Warren also coined the term “radio” term the coined also Warren expert Advertising
5
graphene folded or wrapped into different different into wrapped or folded graphene you’re spreading chunks of graphite on on graphite of chunks spreading you’re
unique with chemicals of carriers or folds oxygen and nitrogen inhibit inhibit nitrogen and oxygen
pentagonal faces, made by slicing the “points” off an icosahedron an off “points” the slicing by made faces, pentagonal
A Fröbel “gift,” precursor of Zometool. of precursor “gift,” Fröbel A
4
Truncated icosahedron Truncated – 3D shape with 20 hexagonal and 12 12 and hexagonal 20 with shape 3D –
and buckytubes are essentially sheets of of sheets essentially are buckytubes and “lead” is really carbon. Use a pencil, and and pencil, a Use carbon. really is “lead” world, because they can act as scaf- as act can they because world, by vaporizing carbon. Since Since carbon. vaporizing by Zeitgeist Films,1996. Films,1996. Zeitgeist
substance, body, or whole or body, substance,
Loud, video recording, New York: York: New recording, video Loud,
graphite than diamonds, since buckyballs buckyballs since diamonds, than graphite things like lubrication, and writing: pencil pencil writing: and lubrication, like things
Buckyballs offer a tool to enter the nano- the enter to tool a offer Buckyballs
entists make larger amounts, amounts, larger make entists Structure – systematic arrangement of parts or components in a a in components or parts of arrangement systematic –
Buckminster Fuller: Thinking Out Out Thinking Fuller: Buckminster
3
Polygon
– closed, 2D shape of line segments joined end-to-end end-to-end joined segments line of shape 2D closed, –
carbon. They are much more related to to related more much are They carbon. each other, making graphite useful for for useful graphite making other, each
experimental conditions, sci- conditions, experimental
for more information. more for
Graphene
– single layer of carbon atoms bonded in a hexagonal tiling hexagonal a in bonded atoms carbon of layer single –
to antibodies may act as anti-cancer drugs drugs anti-cancer as act may antibodies to
Fuller Institute at www.bfi.org www.bfi.org at Institute Fuller
Buckyballs are another allotrope of of allotrope another are Buckyballs sheets slide over over slide sheets graphene So attracted.
a candle burns, but under under but burns, candle a
Giant Fullerenes Giant – Buckyballs with more than 60 carbon atoms carbon 60 than more with Buckyballs –
attached and taxol with filled • buckyballs
Visit the Buckminster Buckminster the Visit
a superlubricant. superlubricant. a
bonded, but between sheets only loosely loosely only sheets between but bonded,
A few buckyballs form when when form buckyballs few A
century. creating a “fuzz” outside. Fluorinated fuzzyballs (C60/F60) may act as as act may (C60/F60) fuzzyballs Fluorinated outside. “fuzz” a creating
Within each sheet, carbons are tightly tightly are carbons sheet, each Within balls could be used in nano-electronics nano-electronics in used be could balls Fuzzyballs – buckyballs with atoms covalently attached to the carbons, carbons, the to attached covalently atoms with buckyballs – 21st in
Oops, I made a buckyball a made I Oops,
Fullerene molecule of pure carbon formed as sphere, ellipsoid, or tube tube or ellipsoid, sphere, as formed carbon pure of molecule –
world bucky- potassium–doped • superconducting bathroom tiles, in sheets, one atom thick! thick! atom one sheets, in tiles, bathroom
sleep? Call Grumpyballs. You get the idea! the get You Grumpyballs. Call sleep? challenge us to build a better better a build to us challenge
ent. The atoms arrange like hexagonal hexagonal like arrange atoms The ent. to make designer buckyballs. Insomnia? Try Sleepyballs. Still can’t get to to get can’t Still Sleepyballs. Try Insomnia? buckyballs. designer make to
Born in 1895, Bucky’s fresh ideas ideas fresh Bucky’s 1895, in Born
mond, may be used in commercial drilling drilling commercial in used be may mond,
Others may function as catalysts. Dopeyballs can be used as scaffolds scaffolds as used be can Dopeyballs catalysts. as function may Others
of years — at least since the first forest fire. forest first the since least at — years of
completely differ- completely
metal atoms. Potassium “doped” buckyballs are superconductors. superconductors. are buckyballs “doped” Potassium atoms. metal dia- as hard as 2x buckyballs, • squashed
that we must respect our planet. planet. our respect must we that
buckyballs have been around for billions billions for around been have buckyballs Dopeyballs
– made by replacing one or two C60 carbon atoms with with atoms carbon C60 two or one replacing by made – and properties are are properties and
on “spaceship earth:” Fuller knew knew Fuller earth:” “spaceship on
C60 – most common buckyball, 60 carbons shaped like a soccer ball ball soccer a like shaped carbons 60 buckyball, common most –
a building block in the nanoworld: nanoworld: the in block building a
molecules dreamed up by mad scientists, scientists, mad by up dreamed molecules
His 4D designs maximized utility, with minimum stress stress minimum with utility, maximized designs 4D His carbon, but its form form its but carbon,
Buckytube, or nanotube or Buckytube, – fullerene tube with buckyball-domed ends buckyball-domed with tube fullerene –
over time. time. over function also but z, and y, x, in form physical Buckyballs have tremendous potential as as potential tremendous have Buckyballs
forms buckyballs. Not just strange round round strange just Not buckyballs. forms form a pointy end, causing it to look like an egg an like look to it causing end, pointy a form graphite is pure pure is graphite
the box” (or “into the dome”) thinker. He visualized visualized He thinker. dome”) the “into (or box” the Buckyeggs – when two pentagons next to each other in a buckyball buckyball a in other each to next pentagons two when –
mostly amorphous carbon, but some of it it of some but carbon, amorphous mostly
Like diamond, diamond, Like
— dimension 4th The Fuller was the original “out of of “out original the was Fuller Revolution in progress in Revolution Buckybowl – half of a buckyball a of half –
line graphite or diamond, candle soot is is soot candle diamond, or graphite line Buckybabies – Buckyballs with fewer than 60 carbon atoms carbon 60 than fewer with Buckyballs –
naturally occurring substance on earth. earth. on substance occurring naturally
Allotrope – one of several forms of the same element same the of forms several of one –
(Greek: “without-form”). Unlike crystal- Unlike “without-form”). (Greek:
Car, Dymaxion House and and House Dymaxion Car,
molecular lattice: diamond is the hardest hardest the is diamond lattice: molecular were discovered by accident! by discovered were erse ky-v c Bu e h t of e g a gu an L
inventions, like the Dymaxion Dymaxion the like inventions, amorphous is allotrope carbon Another
creates a strong 3-D 3-D strong a creates structure This
Like many scientific advances, buckyballs buckyballs advances, scientific many Like to christen Fuller’s Fuller’s christen to ion tens
might find a cure for cancer tomorrow! cancer for cure a find might
imum and and imum max namic, dy terms bonds in a tetrahedral formation (right). (right). formation tetrahedral a in bonds
ideal environment for making buckyballs. buckyballs. making for environment ideal
By learning about buckyballs today, you you today, buckyballs about learning By
from the the from dymaxion word
ed to four neighboring carbons by single single by carbons neighboring four to ed simulate those conditions, they created an an created they conditions, those simulate
derived the the derived Waldo Warren Waldo
cleaning products, medicine and more. more. and medicine products, cleaning
5
In a diamond, each carbon atom is bond- bond- is atom carbon each diamond, a In
stars. There’s no air in outer space, so to to so space, outer in air no There’s stars. philosophy. less” for “more a adopted Fuller
soon be a household item — in cosmetics, cosmetics, in — item household a be soon
Obsessed with efficiency, form and functionality, functionality, and form efficiency, with Obsessed
molecule formation around red giant giant red around formation molecule
ALLOTROPES OF CARBON OF ALLOTROPES
well-known allotropes of carbon. carbon. of allotropes well-known Beyond peppering soot, buckyballs may may buckyballs soot, peppering Beyond
geodesic dome and oct-tet truss. oct-tet and dome geodesic
balls while trying to understand carbon carbon understand to trying while balls
Diamond and graphite are two of the most most the of two are graphite and Diamond dynamic properties and safety profile. profile. safety and properties dynamic made of, it’s how it’s put together. together. put it’s how it’s of, made triangle led to inventions like the the like inventions to led triangle
Drs. Kroto, Smalley and Curl made bucky- made Curl and Smalley Kroto, Drs.
dergarten. His love affair with the the with affair love His dergarten. “manner or form”). form”). or “manner tropos + “variation” allos ment and industry are characterizing its its characterizing are industry and ment hard and the other soft. It’s not what it’s it’s what not It’s soft. other the and hard
- kin in using toothpicks and peas and toothpicks using
4 4 element, due to chemical bonding (Greek: (Greek: bonding chemical to due element, all around the world. Scientists in govern- in Scientists world. the around all
diamond and graphite cause one to be be to one cause graphite and diamond nanotubes. nanotubes.
, ” shape when nothing else did else nothing when shape
3
Allotropes are different forms of the same same the of forms different are Uses for the buckyball are being explored explored being are buckyball the for Uses strong or weak, the different structures of of structures different the weak, or strong atoms to form rings of buckyballs and and buckyballs of rings form to atoms Fuller found “the triangle held it’s it’s held triangle “the found Fuller
As a 5-year old, R. Buckminster Buckminster R. old, 5-year a As
parts to build different models that are are that models different build to parts all-helium atmosphere, causing the free free the causing atmosphere, all-helium
How it’s put together put it’s How Primordial buckyballs Primordial How close are we? are close How
Just as you could use the same Zometool Zometool same the use could you as Just on i s i V ller Fu A zap carbon using lasers or electricity in an an in electricity or lasers using carbon zap
for children under 3 years. 3 under children for T NO . TS R A P ALL M S 1
888.966.3386
hoking Hazard hoking C
! ) ) vertices ( corners 60 has It pentagons. Smalley, Robert Curl and colleagues colleagues and Curl Robert Smalley, - O
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry. Physical of Journal Russian 3
RNING: WA
published in 1952 by Radushkevich and Lukyanovich in the the in Lukyanovich and Radushkevich by 1952 in published
12 and hexagons 20 ): polygons ( shapes two years before Harold Kroto, Richard Richard Kroto, Harold before years two
Electron micrographs of tubular carbon filaments were were filaments carbon tubular of micrographs Electron 2
“flat” 32 of made it’s ), icosahedron cated Biosphere in Montreal. Fuller died in 1983, 1983, in died Fuller Montreal. in Biosphere theorized soccer ball-shaped C60 in Chemistry, vol. 25, 1970 1970 25, vol. Chemistry, in C60 ball-shaped soccer theorized
USA © 2010 © USA Prof. Eiji Osawa of Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan, Japan, Technology, of University Toyohashi of Osawa Eiji Prof.
1
a trun- a ( ball soccer a Like (C60). atoms he popularized, like the the like popularized, he Zomeworks Corp., Corp., Zomeworks
by Steve Baer, Baer, Steve by
common buckyball consists of 60 carbon carbon 60 of consists buckyball common ble the geodesic domes domes geodesic the ble
system, discovered discovered system,
are also different forms of pure carbon! pure of forms different also are
Based on the 31-zone 31-zone the on Based
Although there are many sizes, the most most the sizes, many are there Although Fuller, because they resem- they because Fuller,
of Zometool Inc. Inc. Zometool of
(pencil lead) than diamond — both of which which of both — diamond than lead) (pencil
registered trademark trademark registered
scientist R. Buckminister Buckminister R. scientist
B2. Zometool is a a is Zometool B2.
chemical properties more similar to graphite graphite to similar more properties chemical
from kid-safe materials kid-safe from
33,785; 6,840,699 6,840,699 33,785;
after the visionary design design visionary the after
MADE IN USA IN MADE
US Patents RE RE Patents US
(buckytubes, or nanotubes or (buckytubes, ), and have have and ),
2 Buckyballs were named named were Buckyballs
(buckyballs), ellipsoids (C70) or tubes tubes or (C70) ellipsoids (buckyballs),
hy bucky? hy W Made entirely of carbon, they form spheres spheres form they carbon, of entirely Made Discovery!
Have a ball with this Wild Science Science Wild this with ball a Have
1985, scientists found more fullerenes. fullerenes. more found scientists 1985,
buckyball was discovered in in discovered was buckyball C60 the After
change change your future? your they’ve survived 15,000 mph collisions! collisions! mph 15,000 survived they’ve 1
How will this beautiful molecule molecule beautiful this will How •
original shape. Buckyballs are so strong, strong, so are Buckyballs shape. original
! steel than stronger plastic; than Lighter •
its to back springs released, and squeezed
! 1991 in Year the of Molecule •
bounces against hard surfaces, and when when and surfaces, hard against bounces
research and imagination: imagination: and research with a soccer ball than just looks. It spins, spins, It looks. just than ball soccer a with
It’s for kicks for It’s
Find out how they stimulate human human stimulate they how out Find
A buckyball has much more in common common in more much has buckyball A
metallurgy, electronics and energy. and electronics metallurgy,
Slicing 12 “points” truncates the icosahedron the truncates “points” 12 Slicing
thing from medical research to optics, optics, to research medical from thing
one of the most useful, too. useful, most the of one
- every in uses exciting have buckyballs
molecules. Scientists believe it may be be may it believe Scientists molecules.
BUCKYBALLS! Hailed as a breakthrough, breakthrough, a as Hailed BUCKYBALLS!
beautiful of all known known all of beautiful
Fullerenes
and (some say) most most say) (some and
original dimensions.” original Oliver Wendell Holmes Wendell Oliver –
atoms — the roundest roundest the — atoms
its its regains never idea, new a by stretched once mind, “The
. . fullerenes called now are buckyballs carbon of entirely
guaranteed for life! for guaranteed •
on: a whole class of molecules related to to related molecules of class whole a on: carbons. the between bonds made molecule cal all kits are compatible— more parts, more power! more parts, more compatible— are kits all •
discovered buckyballs, but his name lives lives name his but buckyballs, discovered the edges, 90 and atoms, carbon of made spheri- a is buckyball A it’s unique, brilliant, beautiful beautiful brilliant, unique, it’s •
Nobel-prize winning scientists all love Zometool: love all scientists winning Nobel-prize
ids, educators, and and educators, ids, K system. modeling fun!) (and
by Dr. Steve Yoshinaga Steve Dr. by
s a buckyball? a s i at h w
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Includes detailed instructions instructions detailed Includes eries: the world’s most powerful powerful most world’s the eries: S Project Zometool Rules 4D Buckyball Shadows Bucky Steps Flat 2-foldCell 1. 1 If itworks,If itworks perfectly. apart; take itapart! apart; 2. Don’t break it 3-fold Cell 2 3 3. Don’t crush models. Skinny 5-fold Cell • • • Our mission: builda betterworld create value fun makelearning 4 5 Zometool Buckyball kit system discovered by Steve Baer, Zomeworks Corp., USA. ©2010 management. [email protected]. Based onthe31-zone Special Collections PaulHildebrandt, copywriting and project Press, 1960, and Wichita StateUniversityLibraries’ Department of Dymaxion World ofBuckminster Fuller design; Bucky snapshotscourtesyofR. B. Fuller &R.Marks, The Vorthmann, vZomesoftware forimages; Anni Wildung, graphic Fat 5-foldCell 3. 2. 1. How toMakeShadows board at90ºtosun’s rays. Cast shadowonawhite Point thestrutatsun. strut* inanyhole. Place ablue,yelloworred — Dr. Steve Yoshinaga, copywriting; Dr. Scott , Southern Illinois University
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