CLAPHAM PARK DEVELOPMENT PLANNING GUIDELINES

Revised Consultation Draft July September 2005

CLAPHAM PARK DEVELOPMENT PLANNING GUIDELINES Revised Consultation Draft July September 2005

05 Executive Summary ...... 06 Introduction ...... 09 The DPG Within The Planning Policy Context 10 Clapham Park Current Context and History 18 Vision for the Future and Strategy Framework 43 Implementation and Phasing ...... 46 Glossary ...... 49 Appendices ......

Client: London Borough of Lambeth Team: Urban Initiatives Project Director: Heather Lloyd Urban Initiatives 1Fitzroy Square London W1T 5HE tel +44 (0)20 7380 4545 fax +44 (0)20 7380 4546 www.urbaninitiatives.co.uk A landmark place, setting new standards of quality so that it will meet the hopes of local people for a choice of high quality housing, good transport links and an “attractive and safe environment. It will be economically and environmentally sustainable.” EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This document is to guide the redevelopment of the Clapham Park Estate. It provides additional guidance to supplement London Borough of Lambeth (LB of Lambeth) statutory planning guidance as set out in the Lambeth Unitary Development Plan and it will be used to assess planning applications within the Clapham Park Estate. This document is called the Clapham Park Estate Development Planning Guidelines (DPG). It has been written in response to the Clapham Park master plan developed by the Clapham Park New Deal for Communities and takes many of the aspirations contained within the master plan into a planning framework. It is anticipated that this DPG will become formally adopted by LB of Lambeth as a Supplementary Planning Document, following the adoption of the Revised Deposit UDP. The DPG sets out the planning policy which redevelopment proposals, need to meet, background information on the estate, a vision for the estate redevelopment and seven objectives that redevelopment should accord with to achieve this vision. The vision is: “A landmark place, setting new standards of quality so that it will meet the hopes of local people for a choice of high quality housing, good transport links and an attractive and safe environment. It will be economically and environmentally sustainable.”

The seven objectives are: 1 The creation of a distinct identity with a greater diversity of tenure and unit type 2 The creation of a new street network and definition of public and private space 3 Improved provision of public transport and appropriate parking provision. 4 The provision of enhanced community facilities and employment opportunities 5 The provision of enhanced open space and a high quality public realm 6 The provision of appropriate scale and density 7 The creation of a sustainable environment

Information is also set out on the phasing of development and planning obligations.

CLAPHAM PARK Development Planning Guidelines Revised Consultation Draft July September 2005 | 5 1.0 INTRODUCTION

Purpose Study Process This document presents the Clapham Park Estate The production of this DPG is in response to the Development Planning Guidelines (DPG). It provides master plan for the redevelopment and refurbishment additional guidance for the Clapham Park Estate to of the Clapham Park Estate prepared by Clapham supplement relevant policies within the adopted Park New Deal for Communities in conjunction with Lambeth Unitary Development Plan (UDP) and revised the LB of Lambeth. The master plan has been deposit draft UDP. In particular, this DPG prepared in consultation with the Clapham Park supplements policy 58a Clapham Park in the revised community over the past three years and deals with deposit draft UDP. problems, opportunities and aspirations from the community’s point of view. This DPG applies the This document will set out the key spatial planning policies in the adopted and the Revised Deposit UDP and design issues, principles and recommendations to the area has been informed by the master plan as that London Borough of Lambeth (LB of Lambeth) will well as a variety of sources including: use to determine planning applications in the Clapham Park Estate as shown in Figures 1 and 2.

Figure 1 Location Plan

6 | • Clapham Park NDC Delivery Plan 2001-2011 specific to the estate, it also allows flexibility to • Clapham Park Offer Document for stock transfer respond to change over time. • The London Plan: Spatial Development Strategy As part of the DPG process a Sustainability Appraisal • London SPG: Affordable Housing and Housing (SA) has been carried out. This is to ensure that the Provision proposals put forward in the DPG are fully considered in regard to how they contribute towards sustainable • Lambeth Community Strategy development. The SA is a document that is subject • Lambeth Community Safety Audit to the same consultation process as the DPG and is • Lambeth Open Spaces Strategy freely available to the public. This has resulted in a document that provides over Once adopted, the DPG and SA will be regularly arching guidance for the estate and sets out clear reviewed and monitored against base line objectives guidance on the type and form of development to ensure that objectives are being met, the guidance proposals, which are encouraged. Whilst the remains relevant and that sustainable development document has been drafted to contain guidance is being delivered.

Figure 2 Major Development Opportunity

CLAPHAM PARK Development Planning Guidelines Revised Consultation Draft July September 2005 | 7 1.0 INTRODUCTION (continued)

Objectives of Development Planning DPG Structure Guidelines 1. Introduction The principal objectives that have formed the basis of Presents the background to the project this study are to prepare DPG: 2. The DPG in the Planning Policy Context 1. To develop the concept of proposed development to Describes the status of DPG. Full details of inform the implementation of the Clapham Park relevant policy (national, regional and local) set master plan over time in the context of an agreed out in Appendix A planning and regulatory framework. 3. Clapham Park Current Context and History 2. To identify and clarify preferred approaches to the Outlines current context including constraints, an overall hierarchy of development, including the mix urban design and movement appraisal, existing of uses, urban structure and development layout, planning uses, stock condition and extent of likely scale, massing and heights of buildings, mix of demolition. A brief history is also included. housing types and tenure. 4. Vision for the Future and Strategy Framework 3. To initiate the process of placing all proposals Presents the vision for the area and the overall within an identifiable planning policy framework. objectives for future redevelopment. Discusses the issues behind each objective and identifies specific 4. To assess and give practical guidance on achieving Development Guidance for future development to be sustainable development. shaped by. 5. To create a balanced approach to affordable 5. Implementation and Phasing housing and community facilities provision, in line A programme setting out the time frames and with private sale value achieved. identifies lead agencies. Potential Planning 6. To assist the LB of Lambeth in the assessment of Obligations are identified. planning applications. 6. Glossary Sets out commonly used urban design and planning Consultation Programme terminology. The future development of Clapham Park has been a 7. Appendices community led process. The Clapham Park Project A. Planning Policy Context (CPP) has brought together residents, local business B. Schedule of Existing Units by Size and community organisations in Clapham Park. This C. List of Consultees resulted in the preparation of a master plan, which reflected community aspirations. The master plan also sought to achieve a document that was capable of adoption as DPG by LB of Lambeth and adoption by the CPP Board. Although, LB of Lambeth decided to commission a separate document to guide outline planning permissions and individual detailed phase planning applications, the master plan was used as a starting point for the composition of this DPG. Project meetings between LB of Lambeth officers, members of CPP, the master planning team and consultants, ensured that the views of the local community were represented during the production of this Draft DPG.

8 | 2.0 THE DPG WITHIN THE PLANNING POLICY CONTEXT

Status of Clapham Park DPG and its use in the decision making process The purpose of the Clapham Park DPG is to apply and provide further detail to relevant policies within the adopted Lambeth UDP and revised deposit draft UDP as appropriate to the area. UDP policies are consistent with, and reflect national and regional policy. The DPG also sits alongside and complements other LB Lambeth strategies and plans affecting Clapham Park. Proposals for development within the estate should be made in accordance with the relevant policies in the adopted UDP and in the emerging revised deposit UDP, and dependent on the scale and nature of proposals, the relevant policies in the London Plan. The DPG will be an important consideration in guiding the form of renewal and defining subsequent planning applications.

Policy Context Guidance at the national level through Planning Policy Statements (PPS) and Planning Policy Guidance Notes (PPG) inform the policy context. This is interpreted at the regional level through the London Plan, which provides the strategic planning framework for London. Within this framework, the adopted and revised deposit Lambeth UDPs set out the aims and objectives for the borough, providing policies at the local level. This represents the statutory planning framework, which is used to guide development. There are a number of key documents and policies within this framework that are of relevance to Clapham Park. These are set out in Appendix A to the rear of this document.

CLAPHAM PARK Development Planning Guidelines Revised Consultation Draft July September 2005 | 9 3.0 CLAPHAM PARK CURRENT CONTEXT AND HISTORY

The New Deal for Communities Clapham Park Project area covers an area of some 61.4 hectares on a site between Brixton, Streatham, Balham and Clapham. 7300 people, in approximately 3400 households live within the site area. The western edge is formed by Clarence Avenue, Agnes Riley Gardens and Thornton Road and extends to Brixton Hill in the east. The Kingswood Road housing area defines the northeastern limits and the Kirstall Gardens neighbourhood forms the southern edge. The estate is predominantly owned and run by the Housing Department of LB of Lambeth.

The People The area has a racially diverse community, who describe themselves as 44% white British, 34% black and minority communities and 17% white but not British. The area has a higher proportion of retired people than the rest of the Borough (21.8%, compared to 12%) a slightly lower proportion of working age adults than the rest of the Borough (55.8%, compared to 67%) and a slightly higher child population than the rest of the Borough (27.4% compared to 21%) (Clapham Park master plan 2004) The majority of people live in social housing, 55.8% Council rented plus 4.7% Housing Association. There are a high number of lone parent families, 12.4% compared to an average in England of 3.7% and a high number of large families 7.4% with three or more children, compared to 4.4% for Lambeth. (Clapham Park master plan 2004) At present, the area has a reasonably transient population – almost a quarter has lived in the area for two years or less, although some 43.3% have lived in the area for more than ten years. (Clapham Park master plan 2004). The area is predominantly residential, although there are over 80 local businesses, located mainly in three areas, the New Park Road/Brixton Hill triangle, Streatham Place and Poynders Parade. (Clapham Park master plan 2004) Car ownership levels on the estate are low. In 2001, only 52% of households owned a car.

History The London County Council constructed the Clapham Park Estate in the interwar period as an overspill housing estate for London. Today, more than half of existing properties in the Clapham Park Estate were built between 1919 and 1944. Some housing replacement took place in Clapham Park west between 1945 and 1975. Little new construction has taken place in the last 30 years.

10 | Figure 3 Anticipated outline application from Clapham Park Homes ©Andrew Wright Associates

CLAPHAM PARK Development Planning Guidelines Revised Consultation Draft July September 2005 | 11 Figure 4 Stock Survey (AWA). Diagram indicates general condition of the stock across the estate (worked up with neighbourhood officers) ©Andrew Wright Associates

12 | Housing Stock Condition and and private space. The blocks are in poor condition Decent Homes and unpopular with the residents. (Clapham Park master plan 2004) Homes are cold, damp and have In 2005, the overall housing stock is generally very totally inadequate sound and thermal insulation. poor, after suffering from years of neglect, and is now in need of massive investment. The building conditions In Clapham Park east and south, the basic fabric of survey states that comprehensive improvement of the the 1930s four and five storey, brick built blocks is housing is needed in order that the Government’s sound. The blocks are brick built attractive and robust ‘Decent Homes Standard’ is met as a minimum. and have potential for refurbishment, although a significant level of investment will be required to meet In Clapham Park west, the housing was built in the modern standards for internal and external areas. 1950’s, originally by the London Borough of Wandsworth before Borough Boundary Changes. It is low-density sixeight storeys high, within a landscape of open amenity grass and trees with undefined public

Figure 5 Buildings to be demolished or subject to partial demolition

CLAPHAM PARK Development Planning Guidelines Revised Consultation Draft July September 2005 | 13 3.0 CLAPHAM PARK CURRENT CONTEXT AND HISTORY (continued)

Clapham Park Today Ease of movement - A place that is easy to get to and move through Urban Design Analysis The major roads that the estate is located adjacent to, Urban design is key to providing a framework for allow good road access and potentially good bus improving the environment of the estate. It will greatly accessibility, however the estate’s internal road layout inform the potential for further development to meet is extremely poor with a lack of permeability of both the housing needs of the future in a sustainable and pedestrian and vehicular routes. Routes are poorly high quality development. “ By Design” is supported over looked, illegible - through partially enclosed car by Government as best practice and an analysis of parks and interior courtyards and unconnected with Clapham Park has been carried using design dead ends and high walls restricting movement. objectives from “By Design” Legibility - A place that has a clear image and Character - A place with its own identity is easy to understand The Clapham Park estate in 2005 lacks a distinct The area has a strong urban structure arising from identity. It consists of a swath of undistinguished the two major roads and their central junction, which residential blocks dissected by two major roads. At all creates a highly legible node. However, the estate has of the potentially important entry points or gateways been dropped onto this structure with a layout that to Clapham Park there is nothing to make a positive fails to integrate with these major routes or with other impression or to announce a point of arrival to the sub areas on the estate. The architecture is bland and visitor. The estate has no neighbourhood centre or there are few reference points or landmarks to help focus and basically exists as an area falling between understanding. This is exacerbated by the internal the better-known areas of Clapham, Brixton and routes being disjointed and indirect and building Streatham. entrances not fronting onto streets. Continuity and enclosure - A place where public Adaptability - A place that can change easily and private spaces are clearly distinguished The stock surveys undertaken on the buildings of The estate suffers from poor continuity and enclosure, Clapham Park identified that it would not be easy to largely arising from the built form having no direct change the uses, internal layouts, and flat sizes. The relationship with the street. Buildings are set back external layout consisting of large blocks scattered in from the street with no common building line or space, with poor integration with the surrounding proper frontage. Public and private space is undefined area also limits the estate’s adaptability. The largely and fronts and backs of blocks are randomly mixed. single ownership of the estate though is of benefit in This makes an insecure and uncomfortable facilitating a comprehensive approach to achieving environment with management and maintenance change. problems. Continuity and enclosure is particularly poor in the later post war development in the west, Diversity - A place with variety and choice where the blocks sit in open areas of amenity There is a low level of use diversity in Clapham Park. It grassland planted with trees. is an area dominated by residential uses, with few Quality of the public realm - A place with community facilities, retail, or employment uses. There attractive and successful outdoor areas is also a low level of architectural diversity with development having a monotonous, local authority Throughout the area public realm quality is poor. The estate appearance and tenure is predominantly Council South Circular Road and Kings Avenue are traffic- rented. However, the estate has a varied community dominated environments with poor pedestrian with a wide mix of age ranges and ethnicities. facilities such as appropriately located crossings, bus shelters, seating and good lighting levels. Sustainability - A place that minimises the use of natural resources. Much of the open space is designated as amenity land but is effectively ‘space left over after planning’ The estate has been constructed to a density of 70 (SLOAP). There is a major deficiency of high quality units per hectare or 248 habitable rooms per hectare. open spaces, parks, play and sports facilities. New This does not create an efficient use of land. play areas have been constructed in Clapham Park Increased development would also help underpin east and south, but their surroundings are local services and facilities, making these more viable unattractive, not overlooked and insecure at the backs and encouraging people to use local rather than of residential development. Many of the internal travel. Currently the estate has a low, but increasing courtyards of the blocks are filled with cars. The car ownership level, with a high usage of public estate does however, benefit from a good coverage of transport. In order that low car usage is maintained, trees, many of them mature. it will be important that improvements are made to the public transport provision. The blocks are tremendously energy inefficient. Refurbishment and redevelopment should address this.

14 | Figure 6 Analysis ©Andrew Wright Associates

CLAPHAM PARK Development Planning Guidelines Revised Consultation Draft July September 2005 | 15 3.0 CLAPHAM PARK CURRENT CONTEXT AND HISTORY (continued)

Left to right: 1. Site of former bunker between Angus and Cotton Houses 2. Victoria House, Kings Avenue 3. Thornbury Avenue 4. Back of Bruce House

Figure 7 Constraints

16 | Constraints There are five Grade II listed buildings in the area around the Clapham Park estate: Contamination • Richard Atkins School LB Lambeth has confirmed that there exists no record • 67 New Park Road of contaminated land in the Clapham Park estate. • 69 New Park Road Site investigations may be required to determine whether any contamination is associated with • 126 Atkins Road individual sites, with the cost of any remediation • Victoria Court, King’s Avenue borne by the developer. It is unlikely though that ground contamination in Clapham Park will restrict • Important views the use of an application site.. There are no strategic view corridors defined by LB of Lambeth in the Clapham Park estate. Structures Within the estate three underground shelters exist, Arboricultural Survey several electricity sub stations and a telephone An Arboricultural Survey was undertaken in early exchange, the approximate location is shown on Fig 8. 2005 by ACS Consulting. This was a preliminary assessment of the trees on the Clapham Park estate Services and detailed location, species, estimated height, The approximate location of services are shown on Fig canopy radius spread, trunk diameter, vitality, 8. Site investigations will be required to determine the maturity, minimum protection distance and a quality exact location of services, with the cost of grading with comments. investigations borne by the developer. It stated that there is a wide range of species present and a wide age range, with many specimens likely to Ground Conditions have been planted at the time of the estate Throughout this area the soil is London Clay. This has construction, however some trees are likely to have implications for tree roots and building structures and been already existing on site. A high proportion of the foundations. Adequate distances between buildings, trees have been assessed as mature or over mature, structures and trees with appropriate foundations will with many of these trees not responding well to the be required to be agreed with LB Lambeth’s heavy and frequent pruning, which appears to have Arboricultural Officer. been carried out to increase light levels to adjacent properties. Many of the young and middle aged trees have been damaged and vandalised. Air Quality Management Area Using the grading system as set out in BS5837, The A23 (Brixton Hill) has been designated an Air approximately 6% of the total tree stock have been Quality Management Area by LB Lambeth. The graded as ‘A’ whose retention is most desirable overarching policy of LB Lambeth in regards to air because of their quality and contribution to the quality is to influence new development to ensure that landscape. Approximately 45% of trees have been it is designed and located so as to provide a range of graded as category B, whose retention is desirable attractive and convenient travel choices including but have some defect that bars them from the A encourage alternatives to car use. category and approximately 50% of the total tree stock is category C, that is, trees in mediocre condition. Conservation area and listed buildings Many of the C category trees form groups, which has The Brixton Hill and Rush Common Conservation impaired their form, due to the close proximity of Area includes some of the buildings on Brixton Hill at other trees. the eastern edge of the Clapham Park New Deal for Tree works are ongoing on the estate and thus the Communities area. The Clapham Park Road and Arboricultural survey is only accurate for the period Northbourne Road Conservation Area are to the north January –May 2005, when the survey was undertaken. of the area at the junction of Clarence Avenue and Kings Avenue, and the Streatham Hill Conservation Area lies to the south of the Clapham Park estate.

CLAPHAM PARK Development Planning Guidelines Revised Consultation Draft July September 2005 | 17 4.0 VISION FOR THE FUTURE AND STRATEGY FRAMEWORK

The Clapham Park DPG sets out the following vision for the area, which has been derived from the Clapham Park Estate master plan: ‘A landmark place, setting new standards of quality so that it will meet the hopes of local people for a choice of high quality housing, good transport links and an attractive and safe environment. It will be economically and environmentally sustainable.’

This is in accordance with the Government’s planning policy on the creation of sustainable communities as set out in PPS1 Delivering Sustainable Development. This DPG reinforces the need to achieve sustainable development and communities. Sustainability is a function of efficient land use, mixed use, good design, access to jobs, community facilities, local services and leisure activities and a reduction in travel. Sustainable communities are balanced, inclusive, healthy, and safe from crime and the fear of crime. To guide and deliver this vision a strategy has been developed consisting of the following seven key development objectives. These development objectives are based on UDP policies, the principles established by the Clapham Park master plan and government policy as set out in ‘By Design’. These objectives will apply to any application for development within the DPG areas:

The seven development objectives are: 1 The creation of a new street network and definition of public and private space 2 The creation of a distinct identity with a greater diversity of tenure and unit type 3 Improved provision of public transport and appropriate parking provision. 4 The provision of enhanced community facilities and employment opportunities 5 The provision of enhanced open space and a high quality public realm 6 The provision of appropriate scale and density 7 The creation of a sustainable environment

Each of these objectives is explored in detail with specific development guidance given.

18 | Figure 8 Urban Structure This diagram illustrates an indicative alignment only of routes. The critical points of alignment are the entrance/exit points of routes.

CLAPHAM PARK Development Planning Guidelines Revised Consultation Draft July September 2005 | 19 Objective 1 – The creation of a new In view of the need to develop a new street network, street network and clear definition of which allows good permeability and prioritises the public and private spaces needs of pedestrians and cyclists, but does not encourage rat running, it is considered that redevelopment proposals incorporate the concept of Issues Home Zones where appropriate. Design Guidelines for Clapham Park estate suffers from severance created Home zones has been prepared by the Institute of by the South Circular and Kings Avenue and poor Highway Incorporated Engineers (IHIE) June 2002, and internal permeability. Routes through the estate for should be used as guidance. Reference must also be both pedestrians and vehicles are disconnected, had to Places, Streets, and Movement, a companion circuitous and poorly surveilled. This makes them guide to Design Bulletin 32 (DETR 1997), the Design unsafe, particularly after dark. A new street network Manual for Roads and Bridges, LB emerging design is required that provides direct and safe routes and guidance which is expected to published shortly. which connects into the surrounding street network so that people can get easily and directly to their Street Trees destination. New routes should also create direct and Whilst the estate has many trees within the legible connections between the proposed new landscaped areas, there are few street trees and the neighbourhood centre, the local centres, key facilities re planning of the street network allows opportunities and existing local centres.Through traffic though will for the planting of new street trees. Trees can help in need to be eliminated, and all traffic carefully the legibility of an area and it is strongly encouraged managed through appropriate traffic management that existing trees, particularly those of townscape measures to create an environment where importance, are retained and integrated into the new pedestrians are safe and given priority as far as street and route network to provide legibility and possible. landmarks. It is likely that new tree planting would The new street network will need to be informed need to withstand abuse by vandals before by and connect into the South Circular and Kings establishment and should therefore be robust and be Avenue, as these roads are important routes for of a sufficient girth. Account should also be taken of vehicular and pedestrian traffic that are direct and underground services and future highway legible. However the number of vehicular connections maintenance through appropriate design detailing and from the estate onto the strategic road network must selection of species. be minimised. The South Circular is an important public transport Public/Private Space Definition route, it is not however, particularly pedestrian The estate also suffers from poor definition between friendly, crossings are infrequent and development public and private spaces. This is the result of either often lacks a strong relationship with the street, being blocks sitting within open grassland or buildings set back or lacking frontage all together. This results facing into courtyards and turning their back on the in some stretches of the road having poor surveillance outside world. This creates spaces and routes that are and a generally inhospitable environment. The red owned by nobody and are not used. The vast majority route designation of this road impacts on the character of this space is defined as Housing Amenity land. of this road and the degree to which pedestrians can Poorly defined space gives rise to maintenance and be given priority over vehicles. However, it is critical management problems, therefore redevelopment that the severing effect this road has on the Clapham proposals should aim to remove all space that is not Park community can be reduced. clearly defined as public or private. Major problems have also arisen from unrestricted public access to interior courtyards, block entrances and stairwells.

20 | Clapham Park west The layout of Clapham Park west is extremely poor. Buildings do not front onto streets and are surrounded by grass areas with no clear purpose. Along the South Circular and Kings Avenue buildings are set well back at an angle. The permeability of this area is also very poor with movement restricted through limited routes. It is envisaged that Clapham Park west shall be largely demolished and this gives the opportunity for a new layout that clearly defines public and private space, provides continuity of street frontage and a permeable street network that responds to the surrounding urban structure and context.

Clapham Park south and east Clapham Park east and south are laid out with an arrangement of U shaped blocks that give poor permeability and courtyards dominated by disorganised parking. High walls creating dead ends and isolated enclaves further reduce permeability. Buildings have a better relationship with the street than development found in the west, although continuity of street frontage is still inconsistent. The U shaped arrangement also gives a better enclosure of space, than that found in the west, however the public/private nature of spaces is still not defined properly with public access to landscaped areas that interface with residential private, back conditions. This results in occupiers suffering poor privacy and security and sends confused messages about who Top left to bottom: should own and use the space. 1. Corner South Circular Road / New Park Road 2. Street trees: South Circular Road 3. Balconies on Refuse and servicing Riley House facing amenity land. 4. Railing behind Adequate and appropriate refuse, recycling and Prendergast House 5. Recycling bins, Kings Avenue servicing facilities must be provided as part of the estate redevelopment and set out within any outline planning application. The LB of Lambeth Streetcare Team in the Environment Department have prepared the document ‘Guidance for Architects and Developers Waste and Recycling Storage and Collection Requirements’ to provide assistance in this, although the capacity requirements for residential developments has since been increased to 80 litres per bedroom with an additional 50% for recycling. The Streetcare Team welcome pre application discussions on these issues.

CLAPHAM PARK Development Planning Guidelines Revised Consultation Draft July September 2005 | 21 4.0 VISION FOR THE FUTURE AND STRATEGY FRAMEWORK (continued)

Figure 9 Main Street

22 | Figure 10 Secondary Street NB: Where this street typology interfaces with the park, only one side will be enclosed by built form.

CLAPHAM PARK Development Planning Guidelines Revised Consultation Draft July September 2005 | 23 4.0 VISION FOR THE FUTURE AND STRATEGY FRAMEWORK (continued)

Figure 11 Cycle and Pedestrian Route

24 | OBJECTIVE 1 Development Guidance:

• A new interlinked network of pedestrian friendly streets • The aspiration for the provision of single-phase signal and pedestrian routes should be provided to give direct controlled pedestrian crossings (and informal crossings and easy access throughout the estate and wider area. if appropriate) on the strategic routes of the South This network should link public spaces, streets and Circular and Kings Avenue in the approximate locations community facilities together. The network should allow as illustrated on Figure 14. In view of road and traffic people to walk from their front door along safe, direct conditions, detailed proposals for this aspiration should and well-lit streets to the local centres and be developed in conjunction with LB of Lambeth neighbourhood centre and public nodes and links. transport planners and Transport for London (Street An urban structure diagram illustrating the critical Management). routes is provided in Figure 9. • The provision of an informal pedestrian crossing on • The number of vehicular connections from the estate to Kings Avenue to facilitate pedestrian movement to and the strategic road network should be minimised. from the new neighbourhood centre. This crossing should be aligned with the proposed new east west route • Dead ends and cul de sacs are to be removed and as set out in Figure 9. The crossing should be designed streets should be reconnected into the surrounding route to a high quality. Consideration could also be given to network to create a permeable and legible environment. the narrowing of the carriageway at this point. • To reduce the likelihood of rat running, resulting from a • Parking should be largely on street to maintain slower new, better connected network throughout the Clapham traffic speeds and a safer environment for the Park area, the use of pedestrian only sections of routes pedestrian. could be proposed, although these sections must be well overlooked and lit at all times of the day and night. • All street lighting should meet LB of Lambeth’s lighting Traffic management features should also be designed specification. into streets at an early stage to discourage rat running. • Street trees should be planted along all streets using Vertical traffic management features are discouraged, appropriate species in regard to scale and shape and however. The impact of traffic management features that increase the bio diversity of the estate. Appropriate should be investigated in a transport assessment. species for the Clapham Park estate, are Sorbus, Lime, • To ensure the prioritisation of pedestrians and to Oak, Ash and Elm cultivars. reduce rat running, consideration to the introduction of • Adequate and appropriate refuse, recycling and Home Zones type streets should be given in appropriate servicing facilities must be provided at the outline locations. Major streets, however should conform to planning applications stage. national and local design guidance. • New development should refer to the street and block • All routes should be well lit and overlooked. All streets relationship. Blocks should be edged with a continuous, shall have front doors and communal entrances opening common building line. onto them to ensure street life is animated and people- friendly. Entrances to all homes shall be brought onto • Refurbished development should aim to achieve a streets where possible. street and block relationship where possible, with a continuous, common building line. • The development of a hierarchy of routes to assist legibility. TfL guidelines and standards should be taken • Blocks should front onto streets with backs facing onto into account in the design of these routes. These should private, secure areas consist of the following typologies illustrated in Figures 10,11 and 12., although some variance in carriageway • The clear definition of all public and private space and and footway widths may be permitted. removal of all unsecured housing amenity land. - Main streets 18m building to building width with 5.5m • Internal landscaped courtyards should be created for carriageway and minimum 2m footways use by the residents of immediate surrounding blocks. - Secondary streets 15.2m building to building width with 4.8m carriageways and minimum 2 m footways For further clarification see the Adopted UDP August 1998 - Pedestrian and cycle routes designed in accordance policies: T1 Traffic reduction and road capacity, T4 Traffic management and calming schemes, T5 Highway Alterations, with national and local guidelines. T8 Road design standards, T9 Provision of vehicular • To ameliorate the severance caused by the South accesses, T34 Road conditions and safety, T37 Shared use, Circular and Kings Avenue, proposals should T38 Pedestrian environment, T39 Pedestrian Safety, T40 demonstrate how pedestrian movement across the roads Footpath Network, CD15 Design of new development and the are facilitated, whilst still retaining free flowing traffic. All Replacement UDP Revised Deposit June 2004 policies: 8 proposed changes or enhancements directly impacting Accessible Development/Integrated Transport, 9 Transport on the TRLN. Must be assessed and approved by TfL’s Impact, 10 Walking and cycling,11 Management of Road, Bus Network Management Group. and Freight Networks, 19 Active Frontage uses, 31a Community Safety/Designing out crime and 58a Clapham Park CLAPHAM PARK Development Planning Guidelines Revised Consultation Draft July September 2005 | 25 4.0 VISION FOR THE FUTURE AND STRATEGY FRAMEWORK (continued)

Objective 2 – The creation of a distinct careful design to ensure a clear definition of public identity with a greater diversity of and private space. These local centres will need to be tenure and unit type highly accessible for pedestrians. See Figure 9 for indicative locations of new local centres. Issues The proposed new neighbourhood centre and local centres will define a new urban structure for the Poor Urban Fabric estate which has been developed drawing on the Clapham Park estate lacks a distinct identity and principle that public transport accessibility in suffers from being a drive-by rather than a go-to combination with walkability is the primary generator place. At many of the potentially important entry of urban form and, by definition, urban activity. The points or gateways there is nothing to make a positive use of 400m walkbands (equating to a 5 minute walk) impression or to announce a point of arrival. This is and an 800m walkband (equating to a 10 minute walk) not helped by the lack of an active centre or focus of has also informed the location of the new activity on the estate. In addition, the constituent neighbourhood centre and local centres. parts of Clapham Park (east, west, and south) also suffer from a lack of local identity. Nodes A further structuring element to the new layout New Neighbourhood Centre should be the nodes, as identified on the analysis The community is keen to see a new neighbourhood diagram (Figure 7) Currently, these nodes do not centre to function as a heart for the estate where operate as key points in the urban fabric. The built community facilities, leisure, retail, commercial and form does not respond to these important places open space are all located to provide a focus of where people stop, make changes in direction or community activity. In view of the divisive nature of the undertake activities. The node created by the junction main roads, the community would like this new of the South Circular Road and Kings Avenue is neighbourhood centre to straddle the less trafficked particularly important in view of its central location at road of Kings Avenue, to help to join together the sub the heart of the Clapham Park estate, its focus of bus areas of Clapham Park east and west. This will result and pedestrian activity and as the termination point in higher levels of pedestrian movement across the for long views from outside of the area. This node road and it will be important that quality, pedestrian should be celebrated to aid the estate’s identity. friendly facilities are provided and are central to the Other nodes that should also be given greater design of the new neighbourhood centre. The new emphasis in redevelopment proposals are; centre should be highly accessible for pedestrians as well being well served by public transport, to help • The node on the junction of South Circular and people access services, provide activity and Clarence Avenue, which is the western gateway of employment and make the Clapham Park area more the estate and brings together the key community sustainable. See Figure 9 for indicative location of new facilities of the shops in Poynders Parade and neighbourhood centre. Agnes Riley gardens. • The eastern gateway of Clapham Park Estate on the New Local Centres junction of Brixton Hill and South Circular, which The community would also like to see each of the despite being an important junction, is currently estate sub areas, developed so that each has a hub of extremely non descript. local, community based services, which would • The node on the junction of New Park Road and underpin a new local identity. The community Brixton Hill, which identifies the existing area of envisage these local centres as being focused around commercial activity within the estate. children’s plays facilities with a small amount of commercial or retail uses. This could consist of live/work units, community workshops or space, a nursery and/or a local convenience or newsagents store. In consideration that there may be limited demand for commercial and retail space in these locations, it will be important that this space is capable of conversion to residential. This will entail

26 | Poor Architecture housing at 50% of habitable rooms in a development In 2005, the built form of the Clapham Park Estate, with public subsidy, or 40% of habitable rooms and especially in the area west of Kings Avenue, is without public subsidy. (Policy 16 Affordable Housing defined by bland, poor-quality architecture that is of the Revised Deposit Draft UDP ) Of the level of easily identifiable as social housing. The affordable housing provided, 70% should be affordable redevelopment of the area provides the opportunity to for people who cannot afford market housing create much greater diversity in its architectural (generally in the social rent sector), and 30% should design, which could respond to the different sub areas be intermediate housing for people on moderate of the estate, thus helping to create identity and incomes to buy or rent at below market value. character areas as well as reflecting the gradual However, LB Lambeth recognise that it will not be redevelopment of the estate over time. It will be possible to achieve the normal expectations for important that in the future redevelopment of the affordable housing provision, through the area, no visual distinction between private, social and redevelopment of the Clapham Park estate, due to intermediate housing is created. This will help to the extraordinary costs arising from the ensure the development of a cohesive integrated refurbishment of the existing affordable housing and community. the provision of new community facilities and environmental improvements, which are required to Unit Type and Tenure help ensure the Clapham Park estate is redeveloped In 2005, the estate suffers from a lack of diversity of as an sustainable community. However, within this tenure. 1376 units (69.6%) are occupied by tenants, context, it is a key aspiration of LB Lambeth that the 596 units (30%) are occupied by leaseholders and 4 maximum possible affordable housing can be units (0.2%) are occupied by freeholders. In provided and in addition to the reprovision or regenerating the estate, national, regional and local refurbishment of all existing affordable housing LB of policy (Policy 15 Additional Housing and 16 Affordable Lambeth require: Housing of the Revised Deposit Draft UDP) seeks to • A measurable net gain of affordable housing as a build mixed and balanced residential communities proportion of new build housing, measured in and increase levels of affordable housing. In habitable rooms. accordance with these policies and to create socially inclusive communities, a wider range of tenure and • An appropriate mix between new social rented the maintenance of a diverse unit type is sought. This accommodation and intermediate housing, should include new private housing, and intermediate measured in habitable rooms. housing to supplement the existing high percentage of • The level of affordable housing provision in different social housing. phases and in relation to the overall development In 2005, the estate has a good mix of unit types, will need to be examined, through a review of the although the majority of the accommodation is I –3 master plan at each phase and set out in a Section bedroom flats. (see Appendix B Schedule of existing 106 Agreement. units by size) Previous leasehold property, if refurbished and The redevelopment of Clapham Park will have to acquired for future social rent, may be used as part of provide a diverse range of unit sizes that takes the overall affordable housing provision assessment. account of, and is able to demonstrate, the meeting of local housing need in the context of the Lambeth and London Housing Strategies and need assessments. This is likely to take account the growth of single person households in Lambeth and the general need across London for larger 4 bed plus units in the social rented and intermediate housing sector.

Additional Affordable Housing A major residential development leading to an increase in overall housing would be expected to provide in terms of any net increase, affordable 1. Approach to Bourie Close, Clapham Park West 2. Brixton Hill local centre

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It will also be important that the new layout and redevelopment of the estate integrates well with the retained trees by ensuring that the proposals respond positively to the trees, so that the setting, legibility and character of the new development is enhanced and that the trees continue to be a long-term asset. This will require that adequate space is allowed for between trees and buildings, so that residential amenity and building structures are not compromised as trees grow and mature. 1. Grove of trees behind Ponyders Parade To ensure the long term continuation of a leafy green 2. Morten Close environment, consisting of good tree coverage, with a diverse range of ages and species and to replace Demolition trees that are lost through the development process, The redevelopment of the estate will require the it will be important to ensure the planting of new demolition of many of the blocks and the trees of appropriate species. These species should refurbishment of others. The majority of the reflect the scale of the surrounding built form and demolition will be in the west of the estate where the space, provide seasonal interest through leaf colour, block quality is particularly poor. All demolished flowers and fruits and help to increase bio diversity. affordable housing, (that has not been subject to Right This will require a high proportion of native species. to Buy) should be reprovided on the estate. Before the demolition of a block, a new block should be built to accommodate all the existing residents from that block. Figure 6 sets out the blocks and areas that will require demolition.

Maintaining Existing Trees The environment of the Clapham Park estate greatly benefits from the trees, many of which are mature. The trees contribute one of the few existing positive characteristics of the area, providing shade, shelter, seasonal interest and help to deliver bio diversity. The retention of a high proportion of the trees, particularly those that have been identified as of Grade A and B quality by the Arboricultural Survey will be an important consideration in the redevelopment of the estate. It is also important that trees that have been allocated to Category C (mediocre) are retained where possible and desirable, in view of the difficulties in establishing new trees. However, each case should be considered on its merits, and it is recognised that there are instances when a new planting is desirable.

28 | OBJECTIVE 2 Development Guidance:

• Development should contribute to creating identity and • There shall be no visual distinction between private, character through an environment that forms new locally social and intermediate housing. distinctive patterns of development, open space and • The redevelopment of the estate should contain a public realm, which encourages social cohesion and measurable net gain of affordable housing as a cultural activity. proportion of the new build housing, measured in • The provision of appropriate public art in the habitable rooms, to the maximum level possible without development and public realm should also be used to jeopardising the overall economic viability of the reinforce the creation of a distinct identity for the area. development and other desired community outcomes.. • Development proposals should include the creation of • New affordable housing should contain an appropriate a central neighbourhood centre to the redeveloped mix between new social rented accommodation and estate, located as per Figure 8 . The new centre should intermediate housing, measured in habitable rooms, that be a focus of community facilities, public transport, open addresses LB of Lambeth’s preferred mix of tenure. space provision and leisure, retail, commercial uses. • Affordable housing units size should be, and private • Two local centres shall be provided for the Clapham units size will meet existing size standards in operation Park Estate, located as per Figure 8 . The identity of each in Lambeth as a minimum, as set out in SPG 4 Internal local centre shall be reinforced through the provision of Layout and Room sizes. community facilities. These shall consist of a small • A mix of units by size should be provided that meet amount of commercial and retail space that can be local needs assessment requirements, in the context of converted to residential if required. Lambeth and Greater London housing needs • Development proposals should include the creation of assessments and Housing Strategies. a central park. The central park should be located • All demolished affordable housing shall be re-provided alongside Kings Avenue to draw the Clapham Park west on a like for like basis. (Except that which has been and east local areas together and to create a focus for subject to Right to Buy). the local community. The central park should be located within a ten-minute walking distance of all Clapham • Removal of existing trees is discouraged. Where this is Park residents. It shall be enclosed by the built form of unavoidable to ensure the efficient use of land, Clapham Park west that through its massing and scale appropriate replacement tree planting as part of an will help to define the park’s character. The design of the overall landscape strategy will be required. park should ensure that the traffic and noise from Kings Avenue and the South Circular Road is ameliorated. • Development proposals shall respond positively to existing tree cover, so that trees are fully integrated into • Development should recognise and emphasis key the new urban structure and grain, reinforcing character nodes. Possible methods include set backs, height, and legibility. Adequate space must also be allowed for prominent entrances and windows, or type of use. within the built form and street network for the future growth of tree canopies and roots. • A landmark building could mark the key node at the junction of the South Circular Road and Kings Avenue. • All development proposals should incorporate This building may provide a key public use such as a landscape proposals that build on the existing character public transport or community facilities. Such a of plentiful tree cover and increase bio diversity. landmark building would help in the identification and For further clarification see the following policies of the navigation of the area. Landmark buildings are not Adopted UDP August 1998: CD15 Design of new necessarily tall buildings, but buildings of special development, ENV7 Retention of existing trees in new architectural quality and treatment. development, ENV8 Protection of trees on construction sites • Diverse and high quality architectural design is of the and Replacement UDP Revised Deposit June 2004 required to encourage the development of character and policies: 15 Additional Housing, 16 Affordable Housing, identity and to ensure the amelioration of the current 31Streets, Character and Layout, 36 Streetscape, Landscape ‘estate’ character. A range of different architects is & Public Realm Design and 32 Building Scale and Design. encouraged to prepare building designs. The GLA London Plan Draft Supplementary Guidance on Housing Provision and Affordable Housing. • All redevelopment and refurbishment must meet the Government’s Decent Homes Standard, and all all new housing should be wheelchair accessible in line with Part M of the building regs.

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Objective 3 – Improved provision of possible within the estate to provide greater flexibility public transport and appropriate in service provision. Any alternative proposals must parking provision also meet TFL requirements. However, the future road layout must not preclude, or should be adaptable to, the use of buses to meet future demand should Issues this arise. Public Transport A bus facility is an aspiration of LB Lambeth and TfL, The Clapham Park community is reliant on public as this would provide a valuable facility for residents transport and this is primarily bus based. Public allowing ease of change between different routes. If a transport accessibility is measured in the London Plan bus facility is to be provided however, it will need to and the Lambeth UDP in Public Transport Accessibility provide a safe and secure environment for drivers and Levels (PTALs). PTALs measure a combination of passengers at all times of the day and night. frequency of public transport services and accessibility In the longer term, consideration should be given to the to them. Good accessibility is defined in the plans as a need to integrate services with the future extension of PTAL of 4 to 6. However, parts of the estate currently the East London Line underground and Cross River have PTALs of between 1 and 3. Bus services that Transit trams. connect to rail and underground stations are particularly poor within the centre of the estate and services for Car parking elderly and disabled people are substandard. Currently car ownership levels on the estate are low. The provision of quality, frequent and accessible It is likely that levels will increase with the proposed public transport that is integrated into the movement diversification of tenure, however it is also likely that a network of the estate will be key to any future high number of existing and future residents will still redevelopment of the estate. It is also important that rely on public transport with a resultant increase in any new community and neighbourhood facilities are demand when the estate’s density is increased. accessible by public transport, especially given the large population increase that will be created. In Currently parking on the estate is at a ratio of 0.4 order for adequate public transport provision to be spaces per dwelling. The introduction of 1000 new made for the redeveloped estate the aspiration is for private residential dwellings is likely to lead to an minimum PTAL levels of 4. This can be achieved by increase in car ownership levels and demand for car increasing the penetration of bus services into the ownership. However, additional parking provision for estate, (particularly into the north west of the estate) residential, commercial and community uses should increasing accessibility and increasing bus frequency. be provided in accordance with Lambeth UDP interim policy maximum parking standards in order that It is also important that public transport further traffic generation is minimised. improvements are programmed into redevelopment proposals to benefit residents from an early stage, to The existing parking provision is in courtyards areas address the increased density and to provide new and on street. Much of this is disorganised, or poorly residents with travel choices. laid out so that in many courtyards, car parking is the dominant use with little space for amenity. Car Currently there are six bus services that directly parking within these areas should be reorganised to service the estate, run at frequencies, in both create where possible parking on street in designated directions of between 10-24 per hour. Four bus stands bays to help in traffic calming and to free up internal are located in Poynders and Atkins Road and nine courtyards for communal gardens. boarding points, which are dispersed around the estate and could be closer to the estate. There are no Under croft and underground parking is acceptable bus facilities for drivers. It is likely that redevelopment and if well designed, can provide safe, well-managed proposals will result in the removal of the gyratory on and secure environments for people, cars and the corner of Atkins Road, which currently bicycles. Blank walls arising from under crofts will accommodates the four bus stands. TfL will require not be acceptable. the reprovision of these bus stands and the provision It is considered that the introduction of a car club of adequate boarding and alighting facilities. In view of onto the estate would greatly assist in maintaining low increasing bus use throughout London, TfL generally car ownership levels enjoyed in the area. The car club require a 40% expansion in bus provision for the would need to provide affordable car use for residents future and this should be located as centrally as with spaces for cars located across the estate.

30 | OBJECTIVE 3 Development Guidance:

• Public transport must be accessible and frequent, and • Parking should be, as far as possible, on street. In the layout of a new street pattern should facilitate this. instances of under croft and underground parking blank Over the course of the redevelopment of the estate, frontages will not be permitted and car parks must public transport accessibility and service provision provide safe, well-managed and secure parking. should increase to provide throughout the estate a • Parking provision for residential units will be minimum of PTAL level 4 for the existing and anticipated influenced by access to public transport provision; demand for transportation. Improvements should be whether the unit is market or affordable housing, unit aligned to development at an early stage. type, size, and number of bed spaces. Parking will be • Increased bus penetration of the estate, particularly of minimised in accordance with UDP policy, be in the northwest quadrant. conformity with the London Plan, and will be subject to review at each phase. Parking provision for retail and • Public transport improvements must be programmed community facilities will be influenced by land use (D1, to take place during the early phases (1a and 1) so that A1, A3, etc.) and whether they are part of a local centre they are in place for new residents and the resultant or stand-alone facilities. increased densities. • On street parking to be controlled through a resident • All bus stands, alighting points and boarding points will permit system, subject to a needs assessment. S106 need to be reviewed and potentially relocated in the light contributions should allow monitoring and or of the new street network and the provision of new enhancements of on street parking. On street parking community services and facilities. Bus stops must be should not interfere with any potential bus flow. conveniently located, easy to access with safe and convenient crossings. Boarding points should be located • The introduction of a car club onto the estate to be close to key activity generators such as neighbourhood managed by an accredited car club operator with at least and local centres. TFL have stated that the following 20 cars for affordable rent. must be provided as a minimum. Any variation must be For further clarification see the Adopted UDP August 1998 agreed by TfL but allow for expansion of service policies: T1 Traffic reduction and road capacity, T4 Traffic provision. management and calming schemes, T5 Highway Alterations, - 1 x Alighting point T8 Road design standards, T9 Provision of vehicular - 7 x Stands accesses, T10 On Street parking, T16 Public Transport and - 6 x Boarding points development, T17 Transport implications of development - Bus driver facilities with a footprint of proposals, T23 Improvements to public transport 60 –70 sq/m. services,T24 Improvements in safety and accessibility of public transport, T26 Provision for bus services in road and • A bus facility is an aspiration of LB Lambeth and TfL. traffic management schemes, T29 Development of public Redevelopment proposals are encouraged to make transport facilities, T30, Signing of public transport facilities provision of such a facility. and the Replacement UDP Revised Deposit June 2004 • A quality bus infrastructure shall be provided. This is to policies: 8 Accessible Development/Integrated Transport, 9 include bus shelters with seating and real time Transport Impact, 11 Management of Road, Bus and Freight information for all main stops. All bus stops to be located Networks, 14 Parking and traffic restraint, and 58a Clapham in well surveilled, illuminated and safe locations. Park. • Bus stops must be easily accessible to people with buggies, small children and people in wheelchairs and with mobility problems. • Redevelopment proposals will need to demonstrate that transport issues have been investigated thoroughly. This may require a Transport Assessment.

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Objective 4 – The provision of enhanced Leisure/community facilities community facilities and employment Currently there are insufficient health and social opportunities facilities on the estate. Two GP surgeries serve the estate - the Clapham Park Surgery on Clarence Issues Avenue and the Streatham Place surgery. Community facilities are provided by Mudie House; a ground floor Currently the estate has poor community facilities and converted flat managed by Clapham Park east TA, services, with existing provision scattered throughout Clapham Park Community Advice Flat managed by a the estate with no structure or integration. small board including the Police and the Threshold Redevelopment proposals must provide for Centre providing linked services for the under 5’s and appropriate and adequate community facilities and family support. A computer training centre is also infrastructure. Where a mix of uses is proposed, it will located on the ground floor of Muller House, Muller be important that these uses are compatible and Street. The Knight’s Youth Club is currently located respects residential amenity. To respond to the on the South Circular, this is a well-used and popular redevelopment, This should include for new or facility. although LB Lambeth require that it be refurbished schools, nurseries, shops, café and bar, a relocated within the estate as part of redevelopment bank, commercial space, health centre, library, a proposals. This facility may move into the estate to aid community hall and youth centre. All of these new or its expansion. relocated facilities need to be easily accessible with the majority of these services and facilities located in If the Knights Youth Centre does not relocate into the the proposed new neighbourhood heart, adjacent to estate, a new youth centre should be provided on the the new park. The remainder should be located in the estate. This would not need to be of the magnitude of local hubs. This will help in the creation of the a relocated Knights Youth Centre, in view of it being estate’s new character and identity, provide ease of additional provision. access, ensure viability and help rebuild community To respond to the redevelopment proposals and networks. increase in population new community facilities will be required, this must include a new health centre, Retail library and community hall and the relocated youth In 2005 the estate suffers from limited quality shopping centre. These facilities will be regarded as a district- facilities that are within walking distance. Although level provision and therefore planning applications will there are few vacant shops in the area, trading for require a Transport Assessment and travel plans. many of these shops is marginal.The shopping parades Approximate sizes for these facilities are set out to the east of the estate along New Park Road and under Development Guidance, these sizes have been Brixton Hill comprise of small independent shops, informed by the September 2004 Clapham Park providing a range of goods including convenience masterplan for Clapham Park NDC. goods and hot food take-aways and pubs. To the west there is Poynders Parade, a fairly busy neighbourhood Commercial space and local employment shopping facility which provides a range of goods and Unemployment levels on the estate are very high. This services, including convenience, hot food take away, was estimated at a rate of 7.1% in 2001, against a cafe and a pub. A planning application has recently national average of 3.35%. Within Lambeth there is a been approved for a supermarket on Atkins Road/ variety of vocational training on offer, within Clapham Streatham Place on the existing Pinewood car Park however, there is a low level of awareness, both showroom site.. A 10 –15 minute bus journey accesses availability and entitlement and of local access of this. the High Streets of Brixton, Streatham, Balham and Clapham. These provide higher quality and more Currently, within the estate there are approximately extensive shopping facilities. 620 jobs. These are at the lower skill and salary level. Through the redevelopment of the area and the It is likely that the redevelopment of Clapham Park increase in retail, leisure commercial and community west will require the demolition of the Poynders facilities it is envisaged that the number of local jobs Parade of shops and it is important that these will be will increase to approximately 1260. It is considered reprovided for. that the creative industries could provide employment opportunities for local residents with existing providers and agencies facilitating this. The community is keen to ensure the provision of managed workspace and affordable business units for small and medium sized businesses and new business start-ups. This may also include the provision of live/work units.

32 | Figure 13 Community Facilities ©Andrew Wright Associates

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Analysis by GVA Grimley on new commercial and retail south. It is envisaged that the building would be no space recommends that maximum flexibility is higher than two storeys. Facilities to be provided with allowed for in redevelopment proposals and that the the school are a children’s centre to provide early built fabric can respond to the market requirements years care and wrap around care. of commercial space, new commercial space provided All new and refurbished schools should provide safe on the estate will need to be capable of easy and secure environments, with controlled entrances conversion to residential. and comply with building bulletins from DfES, although it is acknowledged that external space Education standards will require some negotiation. Buildings In 2005, the estate has two primary schools - Richard and grounds should be of excellent design quality, Atkins in Clapham Park east and Glenbrook in sustainable construction, be welcoming, conducive to Clapham Park west. These are performing well, with learning and play, and reflect their community and satisfactory Ofsted reports. The redevelopment of the civic purpose. Clapham Park area will create a deficit in primary and secondary provision. To meet this deficit and provide Early Years Provision for the proposed population increase within the estate In 2005, early years provision on the estate is through a new two-form entry primary school is required with two nurseries. The Maytree Nursery, run by LB of a site identified on New Park Road. Plans for a new Lambeth and the adjacent, privately run Magic Minds six-form secondary school with 16 –19 years provision Nursery. Both nurseries are popular and are at full are being pursued by Lambeth Education linked to the capacity and should be retained or reprovided for in current Glenbrook primary school site. To reduce the any redevelopment proposals. Childcare provision will need for young children and parents to cross the main also be required to be enhanced to meet the needs of roads in the area, it is proposed that the new primary an increased population. school be located in the south east of the estate in New Park Road. Currently, the Maytree Nursery has poor quality accommodation and to meet the needs of an Richard Atkins primary school is an attractive listed expanded population this nursery has the scope to be building. It needs however refurbishment to provide a redeveloped to meet future need and improve the new secure high quality lobby, new gates and a quality of provision, as a Children’s Centre, for landscaped approach from New Park Road. children from 0-5 years. A Children’s Centre functions Glenbrook primary school is in very poor physical as a one-stop shop for parents, providing a range of condition and needs to be rebuilt. The site of the services for children and parents. It is envisaged as a former old people’s home opposite Glenbrook primary multi- agency set up, with small meeting and school’s existing site on Clarence Avenue is currently consulting rooms. Adequate and appropriate outdoor being considered as the location for the new play space will also be required. Glenbrook primary school. A new City Academy is The required number of spaces is as follows: proposed for the existing Glenbrook primary school site. The main entrances and access of these two • Ages 0-2 years 9 full time spaces schools should be from Clarence Avenue, although • Ages 2-3 years 16 full time spaces other secondary accesses which connect directly into the playground and a separate access for community • Ages 3-4 years 52 full time spaces use will need to be integrated into the development Further information on the accommodation proposals. Detailed consideration will need to be specification can be obtained from Aaron Thompson given to traffic and parking management. Property and Asset Management for LB of Lambeth Glenbrook primary school should be no higher than Education. two storeys and preferably be single storey to allow It is strongly encouraged that any other additional easy integration of outdoor and indoor learning and Early Years Provision is concentrated on school wrap play. A height of up to four storeys is acceptable for around provision, in view of the difficulties in the new Academy. sustaining long-term viability and adequate funding. The proposed new and additional New Park Road primary school is to be located on a site opposite the Baptist Church on New Park Road in Clapham Park

34 | OBJECTIVE 4 Development Guidance:

• All district level new community facilities should be • Redevelopment proposals to respond to and integrate located around the proposed new neighbourhood centre. with the proposed new six-form entry City Academy on (Health Centre, Library, Youth Centre,) the Glenbrook primary school site. • Local neighbourhood facilities such as children’s • Redevelopment proposals to include the provision of crèche and some limited commercial space such as new two-form entry primary school in the south of the live/work and affordable business space to be located in estate on New Park Road. local centres. • Redevelopment proposals to include the reprovision • Redevelopment proposals must ensure that all existing and expansion of the Maytree Nursery as a Children’s shopping facilities on the estate be reprovided and Centre with 52 full time places. The Maytree Nursery to enhanced. Additional retail facilities are also sought, be reprovided close to its existing location. although it is recognised that this must be dependant on For further clarification see the Adopted UDP August 1998 viability, therefore additional retail units must be capable policies: EMP4, Development of Employment opportunities, of conversion to residential to respond to market EMP12, Amenity and Design, S1 Improving Shopping centres, conditions. Redeveloped shops are to be re provided on S2 Improving access to shops, S4 Development displacing the site of existing or in close proximity. local shops, S14 Food and Drink (Use Class A3), ED1 • Areas of mixed use development should contain Provision of nursery education, ED4, New education appropriate uses, which respect residential amenity. premises or extensions, ED5 landscaping and greening of education sites, ED6 Joint use of school facilities by the • Redevelopment proposals to include the provision of a community, ED7 Pedestrian safety near schools, SOC1 adequate retail space (Classes A1 and A2 with an Council day care provision, SOC2 Private and voluntary day approximate gross floor area of 288 sq/m. to meet local care provision,SOC7 Accommodation for older people, SOC8 need and capable of conversion to a Job Centre Plus if Mobility outside the home, SOC11 Health Centres, SOC13 required in the future. Premises for health practitioners, SOC14 Design of health facilities, SOC15 Provision for children in health facilities and • Redevelopment proposals to include the provision of a the Replacement UDP Revised Deposit June 2004 policies: new health centre with an approximate gross floor area Policy 24 Work-Live/Live Work, Policy 25 Access to of 300 sq/m to meet local need. Employment opportunities, Policy 26 Community Facilities, Policy 50a Planning Obligations • Redevelopment proposals to include the provision of a new library with an approximate gross floor area of 100 sq/m to meet local need. • Redevelopment proposals to include the provision of a relocated youth centre (Knights) with an approximate gross floor area of 200sq/m. 400sqm with an integral 250sqm double height sports hall, or keeping the Knights centre and building an additional youth facility of 200sqm with a double height sports hall. • Redevelopment proposals to include the provision of a new community hall with an approximate gross floor area of 100-150 sq/m to meet local need. • Provision of managed workspace, affordable business space, and live/work space. All of these should be capable of conversion to residential to respond to market conditions. Any redevelopment of the Glenbrook primary school for a new secondary school on this site would require that it be well integrated into the urban fabric with a front entrance from Clarence Avenue.

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Objective 5 – The provision of enhanced open space; that is not readily distinguishable as open space and a high quality public either public or private, and is currently classified as realm housing amenity land within the Lambeth Open Space Strategy. This category is identified as containing the most threatening open spaces. An open space audit Issues assessed that approximately 15 hectares of open space on the estate fell into this category, whilst there Public Open Space is virtually no designated open space, provided by a The estate suffers from poor landscape design and park or garden. The nearest park to the estate is the area is identified as suffering from a deficit of Agnes Riley Gardens to the southwest; this however is access to open space within Lambeth’s Open Space severed from most of the area by busy roads and is strategy. Whilst the estate is surrounded by large difficult to access amounts of landscaped areas, much of this is wasted

Figure 14 Proposed Major Public Realm This diagram illustrates an indicative alignment only of routes. The critical points of alignment are the entrance/exit points of routes.

36 | In particular, there is a major under-provision of children’s play and sports facilities. Play facilities that are provided are poor quality and even dangerous. National planning policy is clear that planning obligations should be used to secure improvements to local space provision, particularly where the quantity or quality of provision is inadequate or where new development increases local needs. The community sees the provision of a new high quality park as a major priority. They believe it is important that the park is brought back into Clapham Park. The redevelopment of the Clapham Park estate provides a rare and important opportunity to create a new local park, which will help to address the current access to open space deficiency of the area which, through the proposed increase in population density, will become even more pressing. This is supported by UDP Policy. To ensure maximum accessibility for the residents of the estate, the new park should be located at the heart Top left to bottom: of the estate and be accessible to the whole community 1. Bruce House backing onto housing amenity land of Clapham Park within a ten-minute walk. The park 2. Housing amenity land south at Clarence Crescent should be highly adaptable and provide for the social, 3. Approach to Agnes Riley Gardens from Poynders cultural, environmental and physical requirements of all of the residents of the estate. This will require high quality design and detailing that incorporates a wide range of formal and informal activities. This should include formal play with well-equipped children’s play areas, formal and informal landscaping and areas of hard landscaping. Seating, a park shelter, information points and art works should be provided throughout the park. The provision of formal sports pitches, or a Multi Use Games Areas, would need to be discussed in detail with LB of Lambeth officers to ascertain whether it would be appropriate. A facility such as this would require careful consideration of access, parking, safety and residential amenity. Consideration should 1. Enclosed urban green square, Earls Court be given to how any new sports pitch and Multi Use 2. Private open space within a perimeter block, Maida Games Area facilities would work with those provided Vale. in Agnes Riley gardens. The park should provide a safe and secure environment that is well overlooked, with good visibility and site lines across the space. All footpaths would need to be well surveilled. The park’s boundaries should be clearly defined. Children’s play areas within the park should be zoned for different ages: 0-6 years, and 6-12 years, and separate activity provision for teenagers.. They should be designed with child development as a key priority, contain at least five different pieces of play

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In addition to the new centrally located local park, two Local Equipped Area for Play (LEAPs) for children aged 0-6 and 6-12, should also be provided. These new spaces should be located in Clapham Park east and south. In Clapham Park west, Morten Close benefits from its own local green open space with significant tree coverage. This area is likely to be subject to extensive demolition and redevelopment, however the retention and enhancement of this green space is of the highest priority. See Figure 14 for 1. ‘Playspace’ Poynders Parade 2. Designated toddler location of LEAPs. play area, back of Poynders Parade Public Realm equipment, be fully enclosed by dog proof fencing with Currently, the public realm on the estate is poor at least two access gates, provide shade and seating quality. The poorly connected street network and for parents and carers, contain environmental layout of the blocks impact on the public realm features, and be designed in consultation with local making it unconnected and unsurveilled. Boundary children, incorporating the recommendation within treatments are poor quality or non-existent. There is “develop accessible play space” ODPM. no hierarchy of public spaces and in addition to the The design of the park should allow it to be easily and lack of green open space, there is also a lack of economically maintained and managed. The location quality squares, or plazas where the community can of trees in particular, needs to be carefully considered come together, socialise and meet. The area around to ensure they can be easily accessed for Poynders Parade, and the shops in New Park Road maintenance and do not impact on surrounding provide the only hard landscaped, public space where facilities. High maintenance of features such as some such activities could take place. These are however, water features, formal planting and some sports poor quality, with a layout and location that limits surfaces would require discussion with LB of their potential to act as focal points to the community. Lambeth officers to assess appropriateness. Specified The materials are also tired and the spaces lack basic products and materials should be easily sourced for seating and lighting. swift replacement if necessary. Currently many of the internal courtyards are poorly Local people are keen to ensure that the high standards laid out, in tired materials and given over to residents of management and maintenance of new open spaces parking. Whilst parking provision in these courtyard and public realm are met and sustained over time. areas is likely to still be required, new private and LB of Lambeth recognise the role that locally based communal open space and landscape should also be community management and maintenance systems provided within refurbished and new perimeter blocks. could play in this and welcome discussions on how this These areas should be for the sole use of adjoining could be taken forward.. residents and secured. These areas should be predominantly soft landscaped with trees and shrubs Bio diversity is the variety of life in all its forms and and equipped play facilities for toddlers. Seating, litter the habitats where it occurs. It is also a measure of bins and signage would all be required. The provision environmental quality. Open space is important not of private gardens should be considered for the lower only for people but also for wildlife. Enhanced and density areas of the estate, further away from the new open spaces can greatly enhance biodiversity centrally located local park. In higher density areas whilst impacting positively on communities. Natural that are envisaged closer to the central park, these habitats within the urban environment are essential to open spaces should be set out as communal gardens. enable common species to flourish and give people The use of roof gardens and green roofs should also the opportunity to interact with nature. Enhanced be explored for appropriate blocks. open space should help to increase bio diversity and help meet LB of Lambeth’s Local Biodiversity Action All new homes should have access to either a Plan. spacious balcony or terrace, or have direct access to private or communal gardens at ground or deck level. Opportunities for wildlife should be built into new This should also be the aim for all refurbished homes, development, this can be achieved through the although it is recognised that for these dwellings it incorporation of natural features into new may not always be possible. Balconies should be of a development, such as bird and bat boxes and the sufficient size that two people could sit out in the sun. creation of new habitats, e.g ponds, wetlands and wildlife meadows and the use of native species. 38 | OBJECTIVE 5 Development Guidance:

• The provision of a new local park located in the centre • Developers will need to demonstrate how enhanced of the estate that is easily accessible to all residents of levels of maintenance and management of open space the estate that provides for social, cultural, and public realm will be achieved. Consideration should environmental and physical requirements of the be given to community involvement. residents. The new local park shall be a minimum of two • The enhancement of ecology and biodiversity through hectares in size,to be in accordance with the standards the creation and maintenance of natural habitats to laid in Table 13 of the Revised Deposit UDP. include the planting of native species. Opportunities for • The provision in the new local park of a Neighbourhood wildlife should be incorporated into development such as Equipped Area for Play (NEAP) that meets the the bird and bat boxes and green and brown roofs. dimensions and standard set out in the set out in the • The provision of private amenity space through the National Playing Fields Association Six Acre Standard. provision of balconies, terraces, private gardens or • The provision in the new local park of formal and access to communal gardens accessible only for adjacent informal play and recreation opportunities. residents. Balconies should be a minimum of 3m sq m. Private gardens should be a minimum of 20 sq m- to • The provision of new, or improvement of existing sports ensure that the gardens provide amenity and usable facilities to be discussed with LB Lambeth officers to space. ascertain requirements. For further clarification see the Adopted UDP August 1998 • The provision of two new LEAPs. This could include the policies: RL5 Play space in Housing development, RL9 refurbishment of existing play facilities that meet the Access to play facilities, RL16 New public open space, RL19 dimensions and standards set out in the set out in the Areas of continuing local park or small park deficiency, RL20 National Playing Fields Association Six Acre Standard. Preserving public open space, RL24 Improving pedestrian Indicative locations are set out in Figure 14 access to parks, RL26 Safety and security in parks, RL29 • The provision of high quality, new public open space Housing amenity open space, RL31 Location of sports facilities, RL35 Sports and play facilities in parks and the that is easily accessible to all the residents of the estate Replacement UDP Revised Deposit June 2004 policies: and helps to address the current open space deficit Policy 36 Streetscape, Landscape and Public Realm design, within the area. Policy 45 Protection and Enhancement of Open space and • The provision of new high quality public realm that Sports Facilities, Policy 46 Protection and enhancement of consists of a hierarchy of linked spaces, connected by the Natural Environment. well surveilled, direct routes that are accessible to all. New public realm should be well designed and detailed to facilitate it being kept smooth, safe and clean. Materials should be robust and appropriate for use. A public realm strategy should be provided as part of redevelopment proposals to demonstrate how public realm has been considered at an early stage in the design development and as an integral part of the redevelopment. • Appropriate boundary treatments should be provided, that clearly define public/ private space.

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Objective 6 The provision of appropriate scale and density

Issues Currently the density of the estate is 70 units per hectare or 248 habitable rooms per hectare. This has been assessed in accordance with PPG3 Annex C, on net site area exclusive of major distributor roads. The current density and proposed redevelopment provides scope for more intensive levels of development without compromising the living environment of an increased community, whilst also supporting good local services such as retail and public transport. In assessing an appropriate density for Clapham Park, the estate’s location and public transport provision transport has been assessed against the London Plan, which propose densities of between 100-150 units per hectare in urban locations along transport corridors with a PTAL rating of 3-2 and low car parking provision, and the Lambeth revised Top left to bottom right deposit draft UDP which proposes densities of 350- 1. Bowie Close, Clapham Park West 2. Angus House, 450 habitable rooms per hectare in urban locations Clapham Park South 3. Increasing height and density with moderate accessibility levels. These densities are around public open space, Dublin North Fringe an average density for the entire estate with individual Project 4. Residential balconies and brise soleil, plots providing varying densities in response to Greenwich Millennium Village building and urban design considerations. By increasing the density of the estate, more efficient use of land can be made as well as contributing to the activity and vitality of the area and increasing the the framing of views and vistas so that new buildings viability of services and facilities. For these reasons integrate and enhance the townscape. Generally LB Lambeth wish to see the density of the estate building heights should be up to a maximum of eight increased, it will however, be critical that good urban storeys, with provision allowed for landmark buildings design principles be applied to ensure that of up to ten storeys. Upper storey set backs can help appropriate scale and density is created in the right to integrate taller buildings into the townscape and place with accessibility to facilities and services being create visually distinctive and attractive massing. a key driver. Higher densities should focus on local In increasing the heights within the estate it will be centres, community facilities and along transport important that a varied roofscape is created, that corridors. steps up and down responding to cues such as the In achieving the appropriate densities, careful building’s form and function and the layout, marking consideration should be given to the height, scale and intersections, junctions and nodes. This helps to massing of redevelopment proposals. Clapham Park create character and identity and helps make a place estate is not considered an appropriate location for legible. tall buildings, as defined as a building that is significantly taller than the surrounding buildings. Existing heights in the area range from one–two storey housing and community and commercial premises, with the predominate height of the estate being between five to eight storeys of the residential blocks. Redevelopment proposals should consider the scale, height and massing of existing and retained development and streets, with consideration given to

40 | OBJECTIVE 6 Development Guidance:

• A density of between 100-150 units per hectare or 350- 450 habitable rooms per hectare should be provided.. • The highest densities should focus on local centres and along transport corridors. • Building heights should generally be between four and seven storeys, although landmark buildings could be permitted to attain a height of up to ten storeys. Within the height parameters given, taller buildings should be located around the new local park, and along the South Circular, in view of the scale of these structures. The tallest buildings should be carefully located to optimise their potential as landmarks, gateways, to identify key nodes or terminate vistas. Redevelopment proposals should consider the scale, height and massing of existing and retained development and streets. Where new development is higher, it should increase incrementally from existing heights to integrate with existing and retained development. • New development height, scale and massing should increase the character, identity and legibility of the area and frame views and vistas. • A varied roofscape should be provided and plant and machinery should be contained within roof spaces. • New development to respect residential amenity including daylight, sunlight, and overlooking, including for surrounding existing residents with proposals demonstrating that privacy and a lack of overlooking have been fully addressed for all habitable rooms. • Single aspect north facing units should be avoided. For further clarification see the Adopted UDP August 1998 policies: CD15 Design of new development, CD16 High buildings, ST2 Density and the Replacement UDP Revised Deposit June 2004 policies: Policy 32 Building Scale and Design.

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Objective 7 The creation of a Community heating provides efficient and affordable sustainable environment warmth and enables the use of Combined Heat and Power (CHP). A CHP plant can deliver efficient Issues community heating with the advantage of generating clean electricity as a bi-product of the supply of heat. Sustainable development at its most simple is about Such a system is well suited to a scheme of this scale creating a better quality of life for everyone, now and and can deliver affordable heat and power as well as for future generations. The Bruntland Commission improved energy efficiency. drew up the most widely used definition on Sustainable Development in 1987: ‘Development that It is also important that developers work in meets the needs of the present without compromising partnership with the key stakeholders (local the ability of future generations to meet their own community and planning authority) to avoid needs.’ Sustainable development is a broad concept, confrontation and to achieve a mutually consensual which in its entirety needs to be considered from a approach. Adequate resources must also be provided strategic land use, planning and urban design level to ensure high design standards, this will include the down to detailed design, construction and use. use of skilled design professionals throughout the design and construction process who can undertake Clapham Park is located in an inner London location comprehensive analysis and respond to the site within walking distance of public transport and some context. local facilities and services which goes some way to addressing one basic principle of sustainability, namely reducing the need to travel. However, much more could be done to increase its sustainability by improving on both these elements and addressing other sustainable development principles, which are currently very poor and include the critical issue of energy use during the life of the buildings. This will need to be considered at the design and layout stage in conjunction with the principles set out in previous objectives. In addition to the urban design and planning of the estate, the architectural design and construction of the new development can make a major contribution to the creation of a more sustainable environment. Currently many of the blocks consume significant amounts of energy and emit 18,000 tonnes of CO2 annually. This is due to the extremely poor or non- existent insulation. In both new build and refurbishment, current, (and incoming) part L building regulations will provide the minimum requirement for energy efficiency and significant improvements can easily be made over and above these regulations. Consideration should also be given to the maximum use of renewable energy sources whilst minimising energy demands and ensuring the minimisation of waste, in line with UDP policies..

42 | OBJECTIVE 7 Development Guidance:

• Design and construct to recognised standards. and pipe work infrastructure. Sustainable drainage can Cabe, in partnership with the House Builders Federation be designed into the scheme at no additional cost if and the Civic Trust are promoting ‘Building for Life’ to considered early. Sustainable urban drainage is encourage quality house development. This identifies a essential. It will help reduce the pollution of groundwater set of priorities for house builders to commit to which and watercourses, and help reduce the impact of the will help to create sustainable communities and built environment on flood events. Such measures should development. English Partnerships have developed include porous surface products, including paving, car Millennium Community Standards (appendix) to promote parking areas etc. and where geological conditions sustainable development and construction and the permit, soakaways (natural depressions in the Building Research Establishment (BRE) have created landscaping). BREEAM (the BRE Environmental Assessment Method) • Ground source heat. Underground energy sources this measures environmental performance for buildings. could be used for heating and cooling systems. The EcoHomes is the residential version of this for new and underground temperatures at a depth of 10m are renovated homes, and must be applied as a condition of approximately 14 Celsius. Heat pumps can exploit this housing association development to a minimum of ‘Good’ difference for both heating and cooling purposes. at present and ‘Very Good’ by the spring of 2006. Excellent should be sought if proposed development does • Wind. Harness the potential of wind to naturally not deliver any other exemplary sustainable ventilate buildings and as a possible energy source. development. Buildings should also be designed and positioned to minimise funnelling and to respond to microclimates. • Undertake an energy assessment. An assessment of Roof top wind turbines can also generate electricity. the energy demand of the proposed redevelopment should be undertaken. This should demonstrate how • Minimise waste. Seek to reuse building materials in applicants have applied the Mayor’s energy hierarchy as construction, including the reuse recycled and secondary set out in the London Plan. This sets out how essential aggregates, including those generated on site. Provision energy needs should be met through applying the should always be made for the on-site storage of such following order of preference; using less energy, using materials during the construction process. This can renewable energy and supplying energy efficiency. reduce costs and will reduce resource consumption and Proposed heating and cooling systems should be selected transportation of materials, with the knock-on benefit of in the following order of preference; passive design, solar reduced disruption for residents. Prefabricated elements water heating, combined heat and power, for heating and can also help to reduce construction waste and costs. cooling, preferably powered by renewables, community Building design should also include for deconstruction heating for heating and cooling: heat pumps, gas as well as change in use, guided by Lifetime Homes condensing boilers and gas central heating. standards. Consideration can also be given to community gardening, the associated inclusion of organic • Minimising the need for artificial light and optimising composting systems/wormerys within the development. solar gain. A block depth of between 9-13m provides a naturally lit and ventilated space and the buildings • Maximise locally sourced renewable materials. should be orientated to benefit from the natural path of Locally sourced materials minimise the impact of the sun, although this should not prejudice good urban transport and support the local economy. design principles. Generally the more sun the better, • Specify appropriate materials. Materials should be although the potential for overheating and glare will need prioritised which have low embodied energy, are non- to be considered in the building design. hazardous in manufacture and use and which have a • Minimising running costs and utilising solar power. reduced environmental footprint, including in terms of Photovoltaic (pv) cells convert solar radiation directly into pollution (such as VoCs, CFCs etc). A commitment to 75% electricity. This system does not emit greenhouse gases certified FSC sustainable timber as a minimum should and can lower running costs, either for individual homes be sought. All timber should be FSC accredited, with full or for the landlord where blocks are concerned. Chain of Custody where possible. Materials with a high- Solar thermal technology delivers hot water, rather than recycled content and low embodied energy should be electricity, with a short payback period. Careful and early considered. consideration needs to be made if planning to use both For further clarification see the Adopted UDP August 1998 solar thermal and a CHP. policies: ENV16 Environmental aspects of building design, • Collect, store and use rain water. Retained rainwater ENV 23 Energy efficient buildings, ENV 25 Recycling and could be used for landscape watering and non–potable Reuse and the Replacement UDP Revised Deposit June 2004 water uses, e.g. flushing of toilets. This minimises mains policies: Policy 32a Renewable Energy in Major Development, water usage and can help cut down on surface drainage Policy 32b Sustainable Design and Construction.

CLAPHAM PARK Development Planning Guidelines Revised Consultation Draft July September 2005 | 43 5.0 IMPLEMENTATION AND PHASING (continued)

It is considered that it will take approximately 10 years to complete the redevelopment of the Clapham Park estate. The DPG will provide guidance to allow for development that responds to changing social, technological, and economic conditions while maintaining a clear vision of the area’s future scale and form. Successful implementation of proposals will require a partnership approach between LB of Lambeth, developers, landowners and the community. This will facilitate high quality, appropriate and timely development and will be absolutely critical to ensure successful decanting and demolition works over an extended time period, as well as for projects that cross ownership boundaries, involve aspirations such as the amelioration of severance of the major routes, the creation of new routes and the construction of community facilities. To assist such partnership working, LB of Lambeth welcomes pre-application discussions.

Planning Applications Planning applications submitted for development within the Clapham Park estate will be expected to include the following information; • Planning Statement • Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) • Transport Assessment, including a parking survey, and as assessment of the traffic related effects. • Travel Plan • Design Statement • Landscape Plan, Tree Survey and Tree Schedule • Site Waste Management Plan • Ground Investigation Report • Statement of Community Consultation Applicants should also provide comprehensive and detailed information including plans, drawings, photomontages, artist impressions and models (if appropriate) to enable the planning application to be easily understood by officers, members and the public. Ground Investigation report to be assessed in line with the current guidance outlined in the Model Procedures for the Management of Land Contamination (CLR 11) available on the Environment Agency’s website. Planning Applications involving 500 or more dwellings or buildings over 30 metres or above are referable to the London Mayor who has the power of refusal.

44 | Planning Obligations Community Facilities Planning obligations will be sought for development • Community buildings provision (including Health on the Clapham Park estate to ensure that the Centre, Library, Sport, and Community Support and necessary infrastructure and facilities are provided at Service Facilities/Offices) the time of development. Obligations will also be • Workshop and retail units provision negotiated with the aim of reducing the negative impacts of development on the local community. LB of Lambeth considers that planning obligations are Public Realm/Open Space an important tool in achieving positive planning. • Layout and provision of new open space to include The approach to Planning Obligations will be: recreational facilities, children’s play facilities and hard and soft landscaping A. The negotiation of an over arching Planning Obligation Agreement linked to the granting of an • Landscape provision (includes street trees) out line Planning Consent. • A Tree Preservation Plan (as opposed to possible B. A clear understanding of what is required at each condition) phase of development in terms of planning • Management Structure/Level and Quality of obligations and community benefits. Maintenance agreements and payments C. The adoption of a review mechanism on increased • Public Realm improvements viability, linked to individual phases of the development for an increase in affordable housing • Public Art and/or other community benefit provision. To assist developers as to the type of obligations the LB Sustainable Transport Infrastructure of Lambeth may seek or require as part of development • Layout and construction of road network, including a list of possible obligations is set out below. access and junction improvements. • Adoption of road network Affordable Housing • Public Transport relating to bus service and • Initial reprovision of affordable housing (except that infrastructure provision arrangements subject to Right to Buy) • Pedestrian and cycling infrastructure and traffic • A set measurable additional level of social rented management structures on and beyond current and intermediate affordable housing to be provided estate site • Review mechanism for additional affordable housing • Maintenance payments (relating to obligations for during lifetime of build/out business plan. the provision of traffic signals and street trees)

Education • Car parking provision, control and management, on and beyond current estate site • New primary school provision and improvements associated with; • Car club • Improvements to existing primary school • Green Travel Plans accommodation • Early Years provision • Youth Centre

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Environmental Sustainability Infrastructure and Phasing Building Practice It is envisaged that the redevelopment of Clapham • Best practice of building layout and design Park estate will take place over the next ten years up to 2016. The scale of the redevelopment will require • Water conservation detailed planning to ensure that the provision of • Sustainable Drainage Systems (SUDS) infrastructure and facilities are seamlessly integrated with the provision of new homes so that residents • Energy efficiency measures swiftly benefit from the redevelopment and the estate • Provision of renewable energy rapidly moves forward as a sustainable community. • Sustainable construction To ensure the rapid change in image of the estate, which will be vital to attract purchasers of new • Sustainable waste management and recycling market housing and to optimise values, it will be important that public realm and open space improvements are pursued in the early phases of the All of the above to be benchmarked against the Eco redevelopment. Home Standard by Building Research Establishment Other critical improvements to be delivered in the early phases will be the public transport Local Employment improvements and the provision of the car club. These • Local employment in construction will be fundamental to helping the estate improve its • Other employment opportunities generated as a sustainability and assist in the aim of retaining low result of development, assured local access. car usage on the estate. • Childcare relating to training As the population increases, other improvements, especially education and community facilities will need to be provided in a timely manner. Crime Prevention • Secure by Design compliant • CCTV

46 | GLOSSARY

Accessibility – the ability of people to move round an Height – the height of a building can be expressed in area and to reach places and facilities, including terms of a maximum number of floors; a maximum elderly and disabled people, those with young children height of parapet or ridge; a maximum overall height; and those encumbered with luggage or shopping. any of these maximum heights in combination with a maximum number of floors; a ratio of building height Active frontage – making frontages ‘active’ adds to street or space width; height relative to particular interest, life and vitality to the public realm. Active landmarks or background buildings; or strategic views. frontage should consist of the following: • Frequent doors and windows, with few blank walls Human scale – the use within the development of • Articulated facades with bays and porches elements, which relate well in size to an individual • Lively internal uses visible from the outside, or human being and their assembly in a way, which spilling onto the street makes people feel comfortable rather than overwhelmed. Activity node – concentration of activity at a particular point. Landmark – a building or structure that stands out from its background by virtue of height, size or some Build form – see ‘form’. other aspect of design. Context – the setting of a site or area, including Landscape – the character and appearance of land, factors such as traffic, activities and land used as well including its shape, form, ecology, natural features, as landscape and built form. colours and elements and the way these components Density – the floor space of a building or buildings or combine. Landscape character can be expressed some other unit measure in relation to a given area of through landscape appraisal, and maps or plans. land. Built density can be expressed in terms of plot Landscape Design – involves the collective ratio (for commercial development); number of units organisation of human activities, natural processes or habitable rooms per hectare (for residential and physical components in the process of shaping development); site coverage plus the number of floors external space. It encompasses both the built or a maximum building height; or a combination of environment, and is allied with urban design in these. sharing the purpose of creating varied, distinctive and Desire line – An imaginary line linking facilities or engaging places. places which people would find it convenient to travel Layout – the way buildings, routes and open spaces between easily. are placed in relation to each other. Enclosure- The use of buildings to create a sense of Legibility – the degree to which a place can be easily defined space. understood and traversed. Fine grain – see ‘grain’. Massing – the combined effect of the height, bulk and Form – the layout (structure and grain), density, scale silhouette of a building or group of buildings. (height and massing), appearance (materials and Mixed uses – a mix of uses within a building, on a site details) and landscape of development. or within a particular area. Grain – the pattern of the arrangement an size if Movement – people and vehicles going to and passing buildings and their plots in a settlement; and the through buildings, places and spaces. degree to which an area’s pattern of street-blocks and street junctions is respectively small and frequent, or Natural surveillance – the discouragement to large and infrequent. wrongdoing by the presence of passers-by or the ability of people to be seen out of surrounding windows.

CLAPHAM PARK Development Planning Guidelines Revised Consultation Draft July September 2005 | 47 GLOSSARY (continued)

Node – a place where activity and routes are View- what is visible from a certain point. concentrated often used as a synonym for junction. Walk able neighbourhood/environment – a Perimeter block – this is the term given to street neighbourhood that designed for ease of walking. blocks where the buildings follow a continuous The quality of the routes should be designed to give building line around the block and contain private walking priority and discourage car us. People should space within backyards or courtyards. This is opposed be able to walk to local facilities e.g. newsagent, bus to individual buildings that sit in the middle of plots. stop, health centre, primary school etc. Buildings face the street and can accommodate a Waste Management Plan – A plan required at diversity of uses. The private areas enclosed to the application stage that sets out how waste from a rear may contain car parking, servicing and open proposed development shall be disposed of during the space. lifetime of the development. Permeability – the degree to which an area has a variety of pleasant, convenient and safe routes through it. Public art –permanent or temporary works of art visible to the general public, whether part of a building or freestanding; can include sculpture, lighting effects street furniture, paving railings and signs. Public realm – the parts of a village, town or city (Whether publicly or privately owned) that are available, without charge, for everyone to use or see, including streets, squares and parks. Scale – the impression of a building when seen in relation to its surroundings, or the size of parts of a building or its details, particularly as experienced in relation to the size of a person. Sometimes it is the total dimensions which give it its sense of scale and at other times it is the size of elements and the way they are combined. Sustainable Development – as defined by the Bruntland Commission (1987, and quoted in PPG1) as ‘Development which meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to achieve their needs and aspirations.’ Urban design – the art of making places. Urban design involves the design of buildings, spaces and landscapes, in villages, towns and cities, and the establishment of frameworks and processes which facilitate successful development.’

48 | APPENDICES APPENDIX A

Planning Framework: Summary of Key documents and Policies

Policy Level Key Guidance / Policies National PPS1: Delivering Sustainable Communities PPS1 Good Practice Guide: By Design; Urban Design in the Planning System, Towards Better Practice PPS 1 Companion Guide: Safer Places; The Planning System and Crime Prevention PPG3: Housing PPG3 Good Practice Guide: By Design; Better Places to Live PPS 6: Planning for Town Centres PPG 12: Local Development Frameworks PPG 13: Transport PPG 15: Planning And The Historic Environment PPG 17: Planning for Open Space, Sport and Recreation PPG 17 Good Practice Guide: Assessing Needs and Opportunities PPG 24: Planning and Noise PPG 25: Development and Flood Risk The London Plan Policy 3A.1: Increasing the Supply of Housing Draft SPG: Housing Provision and Affordable Housing Policy 4B.1: Design Principles for a Compact City Policy 4B.3: Maximising the Potential of Sites Adopted Lambeth UDP Policy H4: Housing Improvements Policy H5: Environmental Improvements Policy H6: New Housing Developments Policy EMP4: Development of Employment Opportunities Policy CD15: Design of New Development Policy S3: New Shopping Development, rebuilding and extension of existing shops Policy T2: Road Hierarchy Policy T3: Road Network Policy T4: Traffic Management and Calming Measures Policy ENV11: Trees in the Landscape Policy ENV15: New and Improved Lighting Policy ENV16: Environmental aspects of building design Policy ENV18: Water Policy ENV22: Demolition practice Policy ENV24: Waste management and disposal Policy ENV25: Recycling and re-use Policy ED1: Provision of nursery education Policy ED4: New education premises or extensions Policy ED6: Joint use of school facilities by the community Policy ED7: Pedestrian safety near schools Lambeth SPG: Residential Development Standards

50 | Policy Level Key Guidance / Policies Lambeth Revised Policy 1: The Vision For Lambeth Deposit UDP Policy 7: The Protection of Residential Amenity Policy 8: Accessible Development/Integrated Transport Policy 9: Transport Impact Policy 10: Walking and Cycling Policy 11: Management of Road, Bus and Freight Networks Policy 14: Parking and Traffic Restraint (Interim Policy) Policy 15: Additional Housing (Interim Policy) Policy 16: Affordable Housing (Interim Policy) Policy 20: Mixed-Use Development Policy 26: Community Facilities Policy 31: Streets, Character and Layout Policy 32: Building Scale and Design Policy 32a: Renewable Energy in Major Development Policy 32b: Sustainable Design and Construction Policy 45: Open Space and Sports Facilities Policy 46: Protecting the Natural Environment Policy 48: Pollution, Public Health and Safety Policy 50: Waste Policy 50a: Planning Obligations Policy 58a: Clapham Park Major Development Opportunity 39 Clapham Park Estate Other Lambeth Community Strategy: Cohesive Neighbourhoods Lambeth Economic Development Strategy Lambeth Sustainable Construction Programme Lambeth Housing Strategy 2004-2007 Lambeth Open Spaces Strategy Parks and Green Spaces Strategic Plan (2002)

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Policy Context Companion Guide to PPS1: Safer Places; The Planning System and Crime Prevention National Policy The aim of this guide is to demonstrate how good planning can contribute to crime prevention, the PPS 1: Delivering Sustainable Communities creation of safer places and well-designed, This sets out the overarching planning policies on the sustainable communities. It establishes seven delivery of sustainable development through the attributes of sustainable communities that are planning system. Guidance is given on planning for particularly relevant to crime prevention: social cohesion and inclusion, protection and • Access and movement: places with well-defined enhancement of the environment, the prudent use of routes, spaces and entrances that provide for natural resources and achieving sustainable economic convenient movement without compromising development. It emphasises the importance of a plan security; led system and the integration of sustainable development into development plans. Spatial planning • Structure: places that are structures so that is promoted, which goes beyond traditional land use different uses do not cause conflict; planning to integrate policies for the development and • Surveillance: places where all publicly accessible use of land with other policies and programmes, spaces are overlooked; which influence the nature of places and their functionality. Design is strongly promoted and states • Ownership: places that promote a sense of that ‘Good design is indivisible from good planning’. ownership, respect, territorial responsibility and Community involvement in recognised as vitally community; important to planning. • Physical protection: places that include necessary, well-designed security features; Good Practice Guide for PPS1: By Design: Urban Design in the Planning System • Activity: places where the level of human activity is appropriate to the location and creates a reduced PPS 1 acknowledges By Design as good practice risk of crime and sense of safety at all times; and guidelines for planning authorities to assess the achievement of high quality and inclusive design. It • Management and maintenance: places that are identifies seven objectives of good urban design that designed with management and maintenance in need to be considered within the context of an mind, to discourage crime in the present and the environment. These objectives allow the analysis of future. the factors that contribute to successful streets, spaces, villages, towns and cities and are as follows; PPG 3: Housing • Character - A place with its own identity PPG 3 sets out the Government’s objectives for housing and promotes more sustainable forms of • Continuity and Enclosure - A place where public and development through making better use of previously private spaces are clearly distinguished. developed land. It requires that new housing and its • Quality of the public realm - A place with attractive environment should be well designed and makes a and successful outdoor areas. significant contribution to promoting urban renaissance and improving the quality of life. It also • Ease of movement - A place that is easy to get to sets out the standards for measuring residential land and move through. and density for the planning system in England. • Legibility - A place that has a clear image and is easy to understand. • Adaptability - A place that can change easily. • Diversity – A place with variety and choice

52 | Good Practice Guide for PPG 3: Better Places to Live PPS 6: Planning for Town Centres By Design PPS6 Planning for Town Centres was published in This good practice guide lays out the development March 2005 and replaces PPG6: Town Centres and principles for successful housing. Retail Developments. The statement outlines the Government’s key objectives of promoting vital and • Movement A movement framework which is safe, viable town centres, by planning for the growth and direct and attractive to all users development of existing centres; and focusing • Mix A rich mix of housing opportunities development in these centres. The wider policy objectives seek to: • Community A sense of neighbourhood and community ownership • Promote social inclusion; • Structure A coherent structure of buildings, spaces, • Encourage investment to regenerate deprived areas; landscape and routes for movement • Promote economic growth of regional, sub-regional • Layout Street layout and design which is and local economies; appropriate to use and context • deliver more sustainable patterns of development, • Place Attractive and clearly defined public and through high-density, mixed-use development and private spaces sustainable transport choices; and • Amenity Pleasant gardens and private amenity • promote high quality design to improve the quality space of the public realm and open spaces, protect and enhance the architectural and historic heritage of • Parking Convenient but unobtrusive car parking centres, and provide a sense of place and a focus • Safety A safe and secure environment for civic activity. • Space Well planned homes which provide space and The policy statement focuses on retail, leisure, functionality commercial and arts and cultural uses in town centres. The importance of housing in most mixed- • Adaptability Housing which is robust and adaptable use multi storey developments is acknowledged, to changing requirements however reference is made to more detailed policy • Maintenance An environment which can be well guidance provided in PPG3 maintained over the long-term Local authorities are advised to actively plan for • Sustainability Housing designed to minimise growth by making more efficient use of existing land resource consumption All and buildings, including redevelopment, within existing centres. This should be achieved by • Detail Well considered detailing of buildings and increasing the density of development. It is essential spaces for town centres to provide a high-quality environment if they are to remain attractive and competitive. Well designed public spaces and buildings, which are comfortable, safe, attractive and durable are key elements which can improve the health, vitality and economic potential of a town centre.

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PPG 12: Local Development Frameworks thus enabling Local Authorities to develop strategies Local planning authorities should prepare and policies and locally derived standards. Open supplementary planning documents taking into space is defined in the Town and Country Planning Act consideration the process of continuous community 1990 as land laid out as a public garden, or used for involvement in accordance with the statement of the purposes of public recreation, or land which is a community involvement. The process for preparing a disused burial ground. There is a presumption supplementary planning document is similar to the against the development of open spaces unless they process for development plan documents but are clearly surplus to requirements. However, poor simplified. There is no requirement for the quality or under-use is not a good reason for allowing preparation of preferred options but there should be development. LPAs should use planning obligations community involvement on a draft during its to better meet needs by land swaps, or qualitative preparation and participation under Regulation 17. improvements in facilities.

PPG 13: Transport Good Practice Guide for PPG 17: Assessing Needs and Opportunities This guidance emphasises the key role land use planning has in delivering the Governments integrated This guide sets out a method for undertaking local transport strategy. The objectives of this guidance are assessments of need and audits of provision, to help to integrate planning and transport at the national, deliver accessible, high quality and sustainable open regional, strategic and local level to: spaces and sports and recreation facilities which meet local needs and are valued by local • Promote more sustainable transport choices for communities. It seeks to build upon good practice both people and for moving freight; and takes account of the recommendations of the • Promote accessibility to jobs, shopping, leisure Government’s Urban Green Spaces Taskforce. facilities and services by public transport, walking Relates to Best Value regime and management and and cycling, and maintenance of publicly- owned open space or sport and recreation facilities. • Reduce the need to travel, especially by car. PPS 23: Planning and Pollution Control PPG 15: Planning And The Historic Environment Introduces the concept of the ‘precautionary The guidance sets a framework for planning to principle’ in relation to pollution control. Pollution reconcile the need for economic growth with the need control is concerned with preventing pollution through to protect the historic environment. It recognises that the use of measures to prohibit or limit the release of the historic environment is by its nature irreplaceable, substances to the environment from different sources but that in practice it cannot be preserved unchanged. to the lowest practicable level. The overall aim of The guidance calls for the identification of what is planning and pollution control policy is to ensure the special in the historic environment and the capacity sustainable and beneficial use of land. for change, and for an assessment of the impact of development on the historic environment to be taken PPG 24: Planning and Noise fully into account along with other considerations. The guidance emphasises that conservation of the Emphasises that the impact of noise can be a historic environment and sustainable economic material consideration in the determination of growth are complementary objectives. planning applications. It notes that it will be hard to reconcile some land uses, such as housing, hospitals or schools, with other activities which generate high PPG 17: Planning for Open Space, Sport and levels of noise, but the planning system should Recreation ensure that, wherever practicable, noise-sensitive Highlights the importance of open spaces, sports and developments are separated from major sources of recreation in people’s quality of life. It identifies the noise. need to protect open space of high quality, or of particular value to the local community and assess existing and future needs for open space, sport and recreation through robust assessments. Quantitative and qualitative audits of existing open space, sports and recreational facilities should also be undertaken,

54 | PPG 25: Development and Flood Risk Regional Planning Guidance Introduces the concept of the ‘precautionary principle’ in relation to flooding. London Plan – A Spatial Development Strategy It defines development that is likely to be For London Feb 2004 inappropriate on the basis of flood risk and seeks to The greatest challenge faced in the spatial plan is to limit development in these areas at risk of flooding or accommodate significant growth in ways that respect increasing risk to others. It promotes the use of and improve London’s diverse heritage while Sustainable Drainage Systems. (SuDS) delivering the Mayor’s vision for an exemplary, sustainable world city. This will involve the sensitive intensification of development in locations that are, or will be, well served by public transport.

Policies

Policy 4B.1: Design Principles for a Compact City The Mayor will, and boroughs should, seek to ensure that developments: • Maximise the potential of sites; • Create or enhance the public realm; • Provide or enhance a mix of uses; • Are accessible, usable and permeable for all users; • Are sustainable, durable and adaptable; • Are safe for occupants and passers-by; • Respect local context, character and communities; • Are practical and legible; • Are attractive to look at and, where appropriate, inspire, excite and delight; • Respect the natural environment; and • Respect London’s built heritage.

Policy 4B.3: Maximising the Potential of Sites This policy seeks to ensure that development proposals achieve the highest possible intensity of use compatible with local context, design principles, and with public transport capacity. The policy states that the Mayor will refuse permission for strategic planning referrals (housing developments of 500 or more dwellings and large scale commercial development) that, taking into account context and potential transport capacity, under-use the potential of the site. London Plan policy 4B.3 requires UDPs to develop policies in line with the Sustainable Residential Quality (SRQ) approach and adopt the residential density ranges set out in Table 4B.1 of the London

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Plan. The table is a density location matrix that Adopted Lambeth Unitary Development Plan, allows sites to be assessed against these key criteria August 1998 in order to generate broad guidelines on density for Whilst the Plan as a whole should be considered in different types of residential development, and is a key regard to the redevelopment of Clapham Park Estate, element of the London Plan. there are a number of policies contained within the Adopted UDP that are have particular relevance to the Policy 3A.1: Increasing the Supply of Housing Clapham Park Estate: The Mayor is seeking the maximum provision of housing in Greater London and is pursuing a target of Policy H4: Housing Improvements 30,000 additional homes per year from all sources Promotes and encourages improvement of the until 2016. Housing provision up to 2006 will be housing stock and the local environment of housing monitored against a minimum target of 23,000 areas in accordance with residential development additional homes per year. The London Plan calls standards SPG. upon Lambeth to provide 1,450 homes per year until 2016. These figures will be reviewed by 2006 and Policy H5: Environmental Improvements periodically thereafter. The Mayor will promote policies that seek to achieve and to exceed this target. To enhance the environment in residential areas including: improved safety and security, traffic Draft SPG: Housing Provision and Affordable Housing calming schemes, provision of amenity space and play space, landscaping, tree planting and protection, and Draft supplementary planning guidance provides the designation of further conservation areas. guidance on the application and implementation of the policies on housing provision and affordable Policy H6: New Housing Developments housing in the London Plan. Encourages new building, rehabilitation and This draft guidance states that London has a finite conversion of suitable property by the private sector, supply of land and for it to successfully absorb the housing associations and others to meet the anticipated growth in population and jobs it will be Borough’s needs, particularly for affordable housing. vital to make the best use of available sites and development opportunities. Growth should be Policy EMP4: Development of Employment focused on areas with good public transport and all Opportunities new schemes should adopt high standards of design and construction. There should be more mixed use Seeks to develop employment opportunities by developments which successfully combine housing, identifying and promoting suitable sites and employment, commercial and community facilities, to encouraging private developments for employment help reduce the need to travel and to assist vitality generating uses. and safety by preventing areas becoming deserted and hostile at different times of the day. Policy CD15: Design of New Development Draft SPG states that the density of schemes should Seeks to achieve a high quality of design in all new be considered in terms of habitable rooms per development, carefully related to its surroundings and hectare (as well as dwellings per hectare) because contributing positively to the area. The appearance of consideration of housing mix in terms of the number public frontages is especially important and public of bedrooms in dwellings is necessary to reflect the facilities will be sought where appropriate. needs of different types of households. Where family housing is provided accessible play spaces designed Policy S3: New Shopping Development, rebuilding to meet the needs of younger and older children and extension of existing shops should be provided, and the likely child yield from all Encourages the construction of new shops and large schemes should be considered. rebuilding/extension of existing shops within Streatham and Brixton Major centres, the District centres and the Neighbourhood centres subject to a range of considerations.

56 | Policy T2: Road Hierarchy Policy ENV18: Water Sets out the following classification for roads in the Seeks to protect surface water and groundwater Borough: resources from pollution and deterioration arising from development. • ‘A’-roads, (including Trunk roads, Designated roads, and Main Borough roads); Policy ENV22: Demolition practice • Local Distributor roads, (including many, but not all, Seeks to protect the environment and local amenity of of the DoT’s Classified Numbered and Classified the surrounding area in regard to demolition. Unnumbered roads); • other roads. Policy ENV24: Waste management and disposal Requires adequate provision to be made for the safe Policy T3: Road Network storage and collection of waste, in both new Seeks to channel traffic away from residential and developments and refurbishments other environmentally sensitive areas, onto the roads most appropriate to take it within ‘A’-road and local Policy ENV25: Recycling and re-use distributor road networks. Encourages the expansion of existing recycling schemes, the introduction of new initiatives, and the Policy T4: Traffic Management and Calming re-use of items to save energy and resources. Measures The Council will develop a strategic framework for Policy ED1: Provision of nursery education prioritising and introducing traffic management and Seeks to increase the number of full-time and part- traffic calming schemes. time places for nursery education.

Policy ENV11: Trees in the Landscape Policy ED4: New education premises or extensions The Council will prepare and implement landscaping The Council will generally approve planning proposals and tree planting schemes in consultation with local for new build and conversions providing the following residents, where appropriate. Priority will be given to: requirements are met: • vacant and derelict sites; • it is an appropriate site for education purposes; • schemes which would enhance the visual amenity • there is a shortage of education places in the and value for wildlife of public open spaces and Borough or within accessible distance; other publicly accessible areas; • the developments will not have adverse effects on • areas with a noticeable absence of mature trees; the general amenity of the area nor be located • major thoroughfares; where noise and traffic will disturb learning; • the screening of visually disruptive uses, such as • the site is readily and safely accessible by public car parks. transport, bicycle and on foot.

Policy ENV15: New and Improved Lighting Policy ED6: Joint use of school facilities by the community Seeks to improve the quality of existing lighting schemes in streets, on housing estates and in public Seeks to encourage the joint use of education and open spaces and to encourage similar standards on recreation facilities between schools; and the privately owned sites. community;

Policy ENV16: Environmental aspects of building design Seeks to achieve high standards of safety, security and environmentally acceptable design in all new developments and refurbishment schemes.

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Policy ED7: Pedestrian safety near schools Lambeth Revised Deposit Unitary Development Seeks to improve pedestrian safety near schools, Plan June 2004 either by providing pedestrian crossings and school crossing attendants, or introducing traffic Status: Interim Policies under the adopted UDP management schemes. Lambeth’s Revised Deposit UDP is currently being examined at Public Enquiry. An Inspectors report will Policy RL24: Improving pedestrian access to parks follow on from this and it is expected that the Revised Seeks to improve pedestrian access to parks and Deposit UDP will be adopted early in 2006. During open spaces. this adoption process, the policies contained within the Revised Deposit UDP will gain more weight, however, until the Revised Deposit UDP is adopted, Policy RL26: Safety and security in parks the policies contained within it can only be a material Seeks to enhance the safety and security of park consideration. An exception to this are the interim users. policies prepared in response to the publication of the London Plan Policies 3A.7 to 3A.12 (Affordable Policy RL29: Housing amenity open space Housing), 3C.22 (Parking Strategy), and 4B.3 (Site Seeks the improvement of housing amenity space. Potential), which made the adopted Lambeth policies out of date. These interim policies are now used for Policy RL35: Sports and play facilities in parks development control purposes on affordable housing, housing provision and car parking maximum Encourages more intensive use of facilities and standards and replace adopted policy. provide a greater range of sport and play facilities in certain parks. Policy 1: The Vision For Lambeth Policy AT3: Provision of arts in new development The Vision for Lambeth is to promote high quality, sustainable development and urban renaissance by In most cases developers will be encouraged to making Lambeth a great place to live, visit and work. allocate at least 1% of the capital cost of the development to commission artistic works for the The vision seeks to maximise the opportunities for purpose of public art. residents and others from Lambeth’s location at the heart of a world city through improved employment Lambeth SPG: Residential Development Standards opportunities, better public transport links and Safety and security must be a primary consideration improved access on foot and by bicycle; and ensuring in the design of all new development and healthy, safe, inclusive, mixed, liveable and balanced environmental improvements. Applicants will communities – giving priority to protecting residential normally be expected to demonstrate that the amenity, ensuring adequate provision of community development would not result in damage to the facilities, providing more housing (in particular more amenity of the area with regard to the planning affordable housing), protecting and improving criteria set out below: Lambeth’s heritage, character and open spaces, and the regeneration of Lambeth’s most deprived (a) height; (b) daylighting; (c) massing; (d) bulk; (e) communities. overlooking; (f) activity generated; (g) scale in relation to surrounding buildings; and (h) landscaping. Policy 7: The Protection of Residential Amenity Seeks to ensure predominantly residential areas are protected from new, or intensification of an existing, incompatible non-residential uses. In mixed-use areas, non-residential uses, will be controlled in relation to residential uses to protect residential amenity.

58 | Policy 8: Accessible Development/Integrated Policy 14: Parking and Traffic Restraint Transport (Interim Policy) Seeks to ensure that development should, be located The level of private parking permitted will be and designed to be accessible by the whole restricted to no greater than the standards and may community, promote social inclusion and reduce be reduced to this level by condition or Section 106 reliance on the private car. agreement. The level of such parking should not, however, be below minimum disabled persons and Policy 9: Transport Impact other essential operational parking. Requires the submission of an independent Transport Assessment (TA) for all developments, Policy 15: Additional Housing (Interim Policy) which are likely to have a significant transport impact. Lambeth will provide over the plan period to 2002- Development with an unacceptable transport impact 2016 sufficient additional housing to meet rates of and/or contributing to a transport capacity shortfall, provision in line with, and in addition to, the Borough’s or leading to a compromise in the condition of assessed levels within the London Housing Capacity highway safety will be refused. Study 2000. The following additional housing dwelling units shall Policy 10: Walking and Cycling be provided: Seeks to ensure that development proposals should maintain and enhance the walkability with safe, direct i) a minimum of 20,500 (about 1400 /year) net and convenient routes - especially to key destinations additional overall dwelling completions between 2002 such as schools, shopping centres and public and 2016; and transport facilities. ii) as part of this, the development of a minimum of New developments should connect to, facilitate or and 8,200 (about 550 /year net) additional affordable improve upon the network with direct, safe and well lit dwelling completions between 2002 and 2016. cycle routes (as public rights of way) and have full cycle access and facilities. Policy 16: Affordable Housing (Interim Policy) The normal expected level of provision will be 50% of Policy 11: Management of Road, Bus and Freight habitable rooms or 40% where there is no public Networks subsidy on capable sites of providing 10 or more dwellings or 0.1 ha or more in size. On the Transport for London Road Network (as shown on the Proposals Map) priority will be given to A range of unit sizes of affordable housing should be distribution traffic, particularly for business journeys, provided, having regard to local circumstances, site buses, cycles and commercial vehicles. There is a characteristics, and the aims of the borough’s annual general presumption against new accesses or Housing Strategy. The affordable element should be increased use of existing accesses unless a project is demonstrated as being capable of being built as such essential to regeneration. without further design amendment, be available for occupation at the same time, or sooner, as other In considering the management of the road network, elements, and be distributed through different parts in accordance with the principles above, and the of a site. The tenure of different elements of a scheme impact of development, priority will be given in case of should not be apparent from the siting, appearance or conflict, to traffic in the following declining order: layout. 1. Walking ; 2. Cycling; Policy 20: Mixed-Use Development 3. Buses; A mix of compatible land uses should be retained 4. Rail services; and enhanced in the development of all major sites elsewhere (other than in Key Industrial Business Areas 5. Taxis and minicabs; unless designated as mixed-use employment areas). 6. Motorcycles/scooters; 7. Freight transport; 8. Cars;

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Policy 26: Community Facilities Policy 32b: Sustainable Design and Construction Proposals for community facilities serving a All development proposals should show, by means of neighbourhood or district function should be located in a Sustainability Assessment, how they incorporate or adjoining a town or local centre. Where there are no sustainable design and construction principles, suitable sites in these areas, small-scale community including: facilities should be located on a site with moderate or • employing built forms, materials, orientation and better public transport accessibility, which is easily layout (passive solar gain), and renewable energy and safely accessible by cycling and walking. production, natural ventilation and cooling, where practical, that will contribute to reduced energy Policy 31: Streets, Character and Layout consumption and associated emissions. Larger An Urban Design Statement (see Glossary) should be schemes should, wherever feasible, include submitted for all major development proposals, and combined heat and power and community heating; smaller proposals sites in sensitive or prominent locations. • avoiding negative micro-climatic effects (e.g. wind turbulence); Development should add to a connected series of streets, street blocks, public spaces and walk able • making adequate, integrally-designed provision for neighbourhoods, designed around the needs of the the storage and recycling of waste; pedestrian, responding and adding to connected • utilising environmentally-friendly specification and patterns of streets, landmarks, the topography and materials; landscape features in the area. Development must maximise pedestrian accessibility and not sever or • specifying the use of sustainable sources of timber extinguish any existing pedestrian rights of way. (FSC); and • reducing the use of finite, primary minerals and Policy 32: Building Scale and Design aggregates and encouraging the maximum use of Larger scale or extensive development should: reused or recycled materials in the building process. • Relate satisfactorily to adjacent townscape taking into account its scale, character, historic street Policy 45: Open Space and Sports Facilities layout and uses; The Council will protect Open Space in the Borough • Improve the sense of place and legibility, and define (as identified on the Proposals Map and as defined edges by retaining characterful buildings, below) from inappropriate built development. appropriate building lines and extending frontages; Inappropriate built development is development that and would result in the loss of or damage to open space. • Provide servicing and parking that is sensitively Exceptionally, some development on open space sites sited and designed. may be permitted if it comprises: • small-scale development that is ancillary to the use Policy 32a: Renewable Energy in Major Development and enjoyment of the open space; or All major developments (above a threshold of 1000 sqm or 10 dwellings) are required to incorporate equipment • development that facilitates or enhances public for renewable power generation so as to provide at access; or least 10% of their predicted energy requirements. • development that makes compensatory provision in the vicinity for replacement open space of equal or better quality and size; or

60 | • the selective development of housing amenity areas Major Development Opportunity 39 Clapham Park where significant regeneration and community Estate benefits will be achieved which could not be Priorities will be renewal of the housing stock, the achieved in any other way, for example in relation to improvement of neighbourhood centres, community estate-based regeneration projects. Such facilities, the creation of a new local park and making development would be acceptable where the better connections within the area and with its resultant quality of local housing amenity areas is surroundings. The Council will work in partnership significantly improved; or with Clapham Park New Deal for Communities and • development, which protects the nature will adopt (following public consultation) a detailed conservation value and biodiversity of the land. master plan as Supplementary Planning Guidance.

Policy 46: Protecting the Natural Environment London Borough of Lambeth: Other Documents Measures to enhance bio diversity will be sought as part of development schemes and will be included in Lambeth Community Strategy: Cohesive development briefs. The linking of habitats through Neighbourhoods green corridors will be protected and promoted. The community strategy states that local services, a good environment, strong community networks and Policy 48: Pollution, Public Health and Safety supportive voluntary organisations can make a huge In Air Quality Management Areas development should, difference to quality of life. Landlords, including the as far as possible, contribute to the reduction of council and housing associations, must address their emission levels. Schemes likely to increase vehicle responsibilities to tenants, and particularly vulnerable trips or emissions within an area not meeting the Air tenants, in addition to managing their buildings. Quality Objectives will be subject to an air quality Partnerships with tenants, leaseholders, residents impact assessment. and their organisations are essential for improving the quality of life in neighbourhoods. Policy 50: Waste Lambeth Economic Development Strategy Waste management facilities should be of a scale and catchment area to minimise the environmental The goals for Lambeth to deliver development that impact of the transport of waste through dealing with supports existing communities and contributes to the it as close as possible to its source. Green waste will, creation of safe, sustainable, liveable and mixed as far as possible, be disposed of in the park where it communities with good access to jobs and key is generated and not on common land. services for all members of the community. • To strengthen business support and develop the Policy 50a: Planning Obligations business base, particularly in relation to identified The Council will, where appropriate, enter into legal growth sectors. agreements with developers, and seek the attainment • To reduce financial exclusion through a variety of of planning obligations, having regard to any approaches including a radical uplifting of skills Government guidance and supplementary planning accompanied by measures to address barriers to guidance. employment.

Policy 58a: Clapham Park • To facilitate economic growth and local employment through management of property and the Regeneration of the Clapham Park Estate should take development process. place in a manner that complements the surrounding area, including improvements to open spaces and • To maximise the impact of the public sector for community facilities, which serve the wider area. stimulating employment and enterprise. Measures will be introduced to reduce the impact of • To capitalise on diversity to stimulate employment parking and through traffic (especially on the South and enterprise. Circular Road) and to improve public transport links.

CLAPHAM PARK Development Planning Guidelines Revised Consultation Draft July September 2005 | 61 Lambeth Sustainable Construction Programme Lambeth Open Spaces Strategy Lambeth Council has a sustainable construction The vision of the open spaces strategy is to increase policy that seeks to: and enhance provision of open space and bio diversity, to promote regeneration and enhance the quality of • Design and refurbish homes to a high standard the environment. To encourage open space use by all appropriate to the needs of the future using updated sections of the community to achieve social inclusion, standard design briefs to set quality standards improve health and well being, provide educational promote the design of adaptable homes; opportunities and enhance the quality of life of those • Minimise maintenance requirements (encourage who live, work and visit the Borough. The strategy: whole life costing); • Identifies existing open spaces to be safeguarded; • Minimise energy consumption; • Increases provision of open space; • Promote the specification of materials to minimise • Identifies opportunities to increase access to open their environmental impact; materials from space; sustainable sources, with minimum embodied energy and with minimum pollution arising from • Encourages all members of the community to use their processing.; open space; • Avoid potential threats to health and to promote a • Encourages policy makers to see open space healthy environment inside dwellings; planning as a key element in regeneration; • Reduce waste during construction and occupation; • Maximises the effectiveness of capital and revenue and expenditure; and • Minimise water use. • Identifies that Clapham Park is deprived in regard to accessibility to unrestricted open spaces. • Reduce reliance on PVC • Use only FSC timber Strategic Parks and Greenspaces Strategy This document investigates how investment can be Lambeth Housing Strategy 2004-2007 drawn from a variety of uses, how the community can Housing in Lambeth is a part of inner London and an become more involved in the management of spaces, important aspect of the Clapham Park estate and its and how to use open spaces as a way of promoting regeneration. It seeks to: health in the Borough. Regeneration projects in and around parks need to be planned together. • Increase the supply of affordable housing; • Prevent homelessness where possible and otherwise provide good quality intermediate housing; • Ensure value for money services; • Investment in the housing stock to provide decent homes for all; • Improve community safety; and • Enhanced community leadership - strengthening and empowering the borough’s most fragile communities.

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