Ethnic Minority Development Planning Document Ethnic Minority Development Plan Document Stage: Draft for Consultation Project Number: 42012 January 2010 PRC: Chongqing Urban-Rural Infrastructure Development Demonstration Project Prepared by Chongqing Development and Reform Commission, project management office for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The ethnic minority development plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. ETHNIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Chongqing Development and Reform Commission November 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 1 1.2. THE PROJECT 2 1.3. ETHNIC MINORITIES IN PRC AND CHONGQING 4 1.3.1 Tujia People 4 1.3.2 Miao People 7 2. LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK 7 2.1. GOVERNMENT POLICY AND PROGRAMS 7 2.2. ADB SAFEGUARDS 9 2.3. COMPARISON OF PRC LAW AND ADB SAFEGUARDS 10 3. ETHNIC MINORITY PEOPLE IN PROJECT AREA 11 3.1. GENERAL 11 3.2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ETHNIC MINORITY PEOPLE 12 3.3. DATA BY COMPONENT AND SUB-COMPONENT AREA 15 3.3.1 Qianjiang District 15 3.3.2 Youyang County 16 3.3.3 Xuishan County 17 3.3.4 Qingshui Township, Yunyang 18 4. CONSULTATION 18 4.1. CONSULTATION FOR THE PROJECT 18 4.2. RESULTS OF THE FGDS 19 4.3. NEEDS, ASPIRATIONS AND EXPECTATIONS 21 4.4. GRIEVANCE REDRESS 21 5. PROJECT BENEFITS, IMPACTS AND RISKS 23 5.1. BENEFITS OF WATER SUPPLY SUB-COMPONENTS 23 5.2. BENEFITS OF ROAD SUB-COMPONENTS 24 5.3. OVERALL PROJECT BENEFITS 26 5.4. RISKS AND NEGATIVE IMPACTS 26 5.5. CONCLUSIONS 28 6. ETHNIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN 32 6.1. OBJECTIVES AND CONTENT OF EMDP 32 6.1.1 Mitigation Measures 32 6.1.2 Enhancement Measures 32 6.2. STRATEGY FOR PARTICIPATION 33 6.3. BUDGET AND FINANCING SOURCES 33 6.4. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS 34 7. MONITORING AND EVALUATION 39 7.1.1 Internal Monitoring 39 7.1.2 External Monitoring and Evaluation 39 ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank AIDS Acquired Immunity Deficiency Syndrome AP affected person CMG Chongqing Municipal Government CNY Chinese Yuan (currency) DRC Development and Reform Commission EA Executing Agency EIA environmental impact assessment ERAB Ethnic and Religious Affairs Bureau EMDF ethnic minorities development framework EMDP ethnic minorities development plan EMP environmental management plan FGD focus group discussion FYP Five-Year Plan GDP gross domestic product HIV Human Immune-deficiency Virus IA Implementing Agency IEC information, education and communication IP Indigenous Peoples NGO non-governmental organization PMO project management office PPMS project performance management system PPTA project preparatory technical assistance PRC People's Republic of China PSA Poverty and Social Assessment RP resettlement plan SAP social action plan STI sexually transmitted infection TA Technical Assistance TOR terms of reference WBI waterborne infection EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Project. Chongqing Municipal Government (CMG) is implementing the Chongqing Urban- Rural Infrastructure Development Demonstration Project with support from Asian Development Bank (ADB). The Project will support physical investment in road and water supply upgrading in eight priority districts and counties. The Project will include 30 sub-components including 21 road sub-components and 9 water supply sub-components. Project benefits and risks. The key Project benefits will be (i) improved road access linking rural communities directly with markets, increasing incomes, reducing costs through transport savings, and providing access to jobs in the towns; (ii) improvements to the quality and quantity of the water supply reducing the incidence of waterborne infections (WBIs) and associated medical costs; (iii) the creation of a significant number of temporary jobs in the construction areas, which, together with the impacts of local procurement, will facilitate local economic development; and (iv) increased health and hygiene awareness (including public and environmental health). The potentially negative impacts will be (i) temporary impacts associated with construction such as dust and noise; (ii) the need for resettlement and land acquisition; and (iii) the possible disruptions that could arise for neighboring villages from construction camps – in particular, in relation to the spread of communicable diseases. Trigger for EMDP. Of the eight components, Qianjiang, Youyang and Xiushan, the three southeastern component areas, are Tujia-Miao autonomous district and counties with respectively 72.8%, 83.9%, and 52.3% ethnic minority people. Qingshui Township in Yunyang County, in the northeast, is an ethnic minority township where nearly a third of the population is ethnic minority. In the overall Project Area the ethnic minority population accounts for approximately 8.1% of the total population. The poverty rate in the three ethnic minority counties ranges from 8.8% in Qianjiang (ranking 7th out of the eight components for poverty) and 13.8% in Youyang (ranking 2nd out of the eight components for poverty). The poverty rate in Yunyang ranks this county 5th, in the Project Area, and although not an ethnic minority autonomous area it does comprise one town that is classified as an ethnic minority township. The three ethnic minority district and counties also rank in the top four components in respect of the proportion of all villages that are classified as poverty villages (Youyang 1st, Qianjiang 3rd, Xiushan 4th), and Youyang also ranks lowest for per capita GDP. Benefits and Impacts on Ethnic Minority People. The assessment of the nature and distribution of project benefits and adverse impact has been conducted. This indicated that neither the positive nor negative impacts are likely to impact differentially on either the minority or Han people. While the ethnic minority groups have to some degree retained their own culture and livelihoods, the livelihood patterns of Han and the minority are similar. Both minority and Han people will experience resettlement impacts; no ethnic minority communities will be split as a result of relocation. The Project will not affect the customary rights of use or access to land and natural resources, will not affect the cultural or communal integrity or social security status nor undermine the recognition of indigenous knowledge. The Project will have a positive impact on the socio- economic status, health, education and livelihoods of ethnic minority people in the Project areas. The Project’s resettlement plans, environmental management plan (EMP), gender action plan (GAP) and social action plan (SAP) will ensure mitigation of negative impacts, and enhancement of positive impacts on ethnic minority people as well as Han within the components. The assessment concludes that none of the negative impacts will disproportionately affect ethnic minority people by virtue of their ethnicity. A key benefit of the Project – employment during construction – will be maximized for ethnic minority people and women through assurances requiring a target of 30% employment. The EMDP. To ensure that there are no unforeseen Project consequences for minority peoples, attention is given to their involvement and participation in planning and decision-making throughout the entire Project cycle, especially with respect to issues relating to consultation, resettlement, health and hygiene awareness raising, prevention of communicable diseases, and benefits from temporary employment opportunities. An Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP) has been prepared. Key issues addressed in the EMDP include (i) development of mechanisms to ensure that affected ethnic minority people are involved in planning, implementation and monitoring of the Project; (ii) ensuring that impacts and risks are mitigated, and measures or strategies to mitigate risk, such as awareness and prevention of communicable diseases, are developed in a way that can mitigate impacts for ethnic minority, as well as Han, people; and (iii) seeking opportunities to enhance delivery of culturally appropriate benefits under the Project. Participation of ethnic minority people in design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of the Project is the basis for achieving the above objectives and therefore has been emphasized in the EMDP. 1. Introduction 1.1. Background and Context 1. The Poverty and Social Assessment (PSA) for the Chongqing Urban-Rural Infrastructure Development Demonstration Project (the Project) indicates that there are two main ethnic minority groups present in the Project Area. In three of the eight component counties and districts there are significant ethnic minority populations; the ethnic people are inter-mixed with the majority Han people, and will experience the same Project impacts. The Project will not directly or indirectly affect the dignity, human rights or culture of the ethnic minority people, nor will it affect the territories or natural or cultural resources that they own, occupy or claim as ancestral domain or asset. The livelihood systems of ethnic minority people, along with Han, will be adversely affected to varying degrees through land acquisition and resettlement. The Project will continue to consult with ethnic minority communities to ensure that they (i) receive culturally appropriate social and economic benefits, (ii) do not suffer adverse impacts as a result of the Project, and (iii) can participate actively in projects that affect them. 2. In addition, the Project